Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe: stability and change after 1990
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2020
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| Schriftenreihe: | Regions and cities
137 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 372 Seiten Diagramme, Karten (schwarz-weiß) |
| ISBN: | 9781138324299 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe |b stability and change after 1990 |c edited by Grzegorz Gorzelak |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List offigures List of tables List of maps Notes on contributors Introduction vii xii xiv xv 1 PART I Systemic foundations of transformation 1 Trajectories of the economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe 9 11 WITOLD M. ORŁOWSKI 2 Political systems, socio-economic development and the quality of democracy in CEE countries 35 RADOSŁAW MARKOWSKI 3 Local government: progressin decentralisation 54 PAWEŁ SWIANIEWICZ 4 Regionalism in Central and Eastern Europe 75 ROMAN SZUL PART II Reforms and challenges 5 Demographic change and challenge AGNIESZKA FIHEL AND MAREK OKÓLSKI 99 101
vi Contents 6 Labour markets 133 JOANNA TYROWICZ AND PETER SZEWCZYK 7 Running faster or measuring better? How Central and Eastern European science is catching up with Western Europe 151 AGNIESZKA OLECHNICKA AND ADAM PŁOSZAJ 8 Technology upgrading and growth in Central and Eastern Europe 178 SLAVO RADOSEVIC, DENİZ E.YORUK AND ESIN YORUK PART III Regions, space, territory 9 Regional dynamics and structural changes in Central and Eastern European countries 205 207 GRZEGORZ GORZELAK AND MACIEJ SMĘTKOWSKI 10 Land-use and ownership changes of agriculture 225 JERZY BAŃSKI 11 Transport infrastructure and accessibility 244 TOMASZ KOMORNICKI 12 Environmental transformation in CEE countries 267 ZBIGNIEW M. KARACZUN AND ANDRZEJ KASSENBERG PART IV The future challenges of the CEE countries within integrated Europe 311 13 Cohesion Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: is it fit for purpose? 313 JOHN BACHTLER AND MARTIN FERRY 14 Structural changes and future perspectives of CEE economies 345 ROBERTA CAPELLO Conclusions Index 360 365
Index ageing 119-124,125,362 agricultural land: communist-era tenets 225; contemporary management of 229-240; decline in farmland areas 235-236; farm size structure 238-240; market for 233-234; Production Cooperatives 225, 228,229, 232; State Farms 225,228, 229, 231,241; state of use 234-237; systemic transformation of farming sector 225-226; use and ownership in the pre transformation period 226-228 air pollution 273-277 air quality 287-291 air transport 257-258 Albania 57 alcohol consumption 104,106 Australia 157 Austria 107,117,182,196,279 authoritarianism 38-39,47-49, 50, 54 quality 287; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; life expectancy 103,104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116, 117; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 57; national minorities 92-93; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215,220; road transport 248,251; scientific journals published in 159, 164; territorial change 77, 79; tobacco consumption 106; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 264; transport system 246;Turkish minority 92; urban wastewater treatment 280; water quality 284-285 business-friendly institutions 27-28 Byelorussians 85 Baltic countries 12,15-29 Belarus 261 Belgium 117,182,196,234,279 Berlin Wall 80 biodiversity 291-294 bottom-up regionalism 75-76 Brazil 157 Bulgaria: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,324,337;
depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 11-12,30; groundwater cardiovascular mortality 104-105 car ownership 246,248 Catholic social teaching 42 Central and Eastern European (CEE): accelerated growth of metropolitan areas 219; ageing 119-124; challenges facing 360-364; citations from scientific journals 161-162; Cohesion Policy 313-338; demographic change 101-125; depopulation and rapid ageing 119-124; development paradigm 360; economic transition 11-33; environmental transformation in 267-306; EU accession 316,363; future challenges and perspectives 355-358; GDP per capita 13-14; general territorial outcomes 221-223; GNI growth 183; GNI per capita 183; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; horizontal
366 Index power relations 58-68; industrial/ technological upgrading 184-191; infrastructure 191-196; institutional progress 361; internal regional dynamics in 217-220; international migration 114-118; labour markets 134-148; landuse and ownership changes 225-241; Leninist legacies 38-39; local government 54-72; mortality 102-106; natality 107-114; party systems 40-43; policy issues 196-198; political challenges facing 49-50; political institutions 43; regional differences 207-209,360-361; regionalism 75-94; regional patterns of 211-217; renovating strategy 355-356; rule of law 35-38; scientific journals published in 156-175; separatism 76; state of democracy 35-38; structural adjustments in 346-349; technology capability 191-196; territorial reforms 55-59; transport system 244-264; vertical power relations 58-68 centralisation 60 central planning economic system 14 childbearing age 111 China 157 cholesterol consumption 106 Cohesion Policy: accession and implementation of 316-318; achievements in CEE 327-328; achievements in specific policy fields 331-333; challenges facing 338; contribution to economic growth and convergence in CEE 328-331; economic and budgetary context: 321-323; enlargement and preparations for 313-316; expenditure 325-327; financial framework 315; funding prospects 323-325; governance in CEE 333-337; resources 318-321 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 292,314 compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147,355 composite index measures 200-204 corruption 27-28 Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) 15,17 Croatia: air quality 289,303; cardiovascular
mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy funding 322; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 305; EU accession 29; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Istrian regional identity 90; life expectancy 102,104; mayoral elections 69; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 89-90; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 295; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 254,273; road transport 252; scientific journals published in 158,174; territorial fragmentation 57; total fertility rate 107, 109; urban wastewater treatment 281 Czechia: accessibility changes 258,260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104,106; Cohesion Policy 317-318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322-323; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238-239; FDI stock 31,218; GDP dechne 20; GDP per capita 13,14,30, 214,216,221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 286-287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230, 240; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market
for land 233-234; migration trends 117-118; Moravian regionalism 86-87; municipal autonomy 61,64,66; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 86-87; party systems 41; Polish minority 86-87; political leadership 69-70; price-competitiveness levels 347; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,254-255; regional differences 214,216; road transport 247, 250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 159,162,
Index 165, 167,169, 174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107,109; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 Czechoslovakia 17,77, 79,228,246,269 decentralisation 54-55, 59-61 de-industrialisation 363 demographic change: ageing 119-124; depopulation 119-124; international migration 114-118; mortality 30, 102-106; natality 107-114,125 Denmark 117,279 depopulation 119-124 East Balkan countries 12-13,15-29 east-to-west migration 116-117 ecological footprint 282-284 economic transition: achievements 29-32; common features of process 12-13; controversies 29-32; final outcome factors 25-29; GDP decline 18,20-21, 26; global recession 22-23,28-29; high GDP growth 21-22; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; labour reallocation 135-139; mechanics of 136; moderate GDP growth 23-24; phases of 17-24; stagnation 19-20,26; take-off phase 21-22,26-27 energy/resources productivity 270-272 environmental protection governance 297-304 environmental transformation: air quality 287-291; biodiversity 291-294; condition of natural environment 282; ecological footprint 282-284; energy and resources productivity 270-272; environmental organizations 269; environmental policy 267-269; pollution discharge 273-281; quality of environment and health 294-297; transport system 273-275; water quality 284-287 Estonia: annexation by Soviet Union 78; biodiversity 293; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding
321; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 299; environmental 367 transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; GDP per capita 213,216; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55-57; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; political leadership 69; R D development 169, 171; rail transport 254-255,273; regional differences 214,216,220; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; Russian minority 82, 94; scientific journals published in 162, 164,167; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 ethnic minorities 77-79, 83-84 European Agricultural Fund for Regional Development 327 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 133 European Parliament (EP) 43-44, 50 European Regional Development Fund 326 European Social Fund 326 European Union (EU): challenges facing institutions 45-46; Cohesion Policy 313-338; crisis facing 50; environmental protection governance 299-301; European Parliament elections 43-44,50; integration issues 55-56, 59; Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315, 319,322,329; territorial reforms 55-58 external economic disequilibria 16-17 family support programmes 125 female employment 143-144,147 fertility rates 107-114,125,362 financial autonomy 64-65 Finlandin, 182,272 foreign direct investment (FDI) 30-31, 197-198,262,347,355,358 France 157,273,297 Georgia 64 German Democratic Republic (GDR) 79-80 German minority 85-86 Germany
107,182,196,234,246,251,260, 273, 279,297 Gini coefficient 31-32 glasnost (‘openness’) 78, 80 global value chain (GVC) policy 197-198
368 Index grass-roots nationalism 75-76 Greece 54,182,196,246, 280,294,302, 324,330 greenhouse gas emissions 277-279 gross national income (GNI) 183 groundwater quality 286-287 health: behaviours 125; quality of environment and 294-297; service 30,105 Holocaust 78 horizontal power relations 68-71 Hungarian minority 87-88, 91,94 Hungary: accessibility changes 258, 260; air quality 289; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-48, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy fimding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 329; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 269,299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239; FDI stock 31,195; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20-21; GDP per capita 47, 314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 229,231,240-241; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233—234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 62-64, 66; municipal government 55-58; national minorities 88;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45; party systems 41-42; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; protected areas 294; R D
development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215; road transport 247,248,250-252; scientific journals published in 159,162, 165,167,169,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial change 77,79; territorial fragmentation 57; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 hyperinflation 16 Iceland 182 Index ofTechnology and Knowledge Exchange (ITKE) (Index C) 193, 204 India 158 infant mortality 102 infrastructure 191-196 innovation: aeative application pattern 350-351; EU support 332; imitative innovation pattern 351; patterns in CEECs 349-355; science-based pattern 350, 353 institutions 39,361 internal economic disequilibria 16 international collaboration 163-166 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 23,133 Ireland 182 Istrian regional identity 90 Italian minority 88-89 Italy 117,157,280,287,297,324,330 Japan 158 Kashubians 84-85 Kolkhoz 225 labour markets: challenges facing 362-363; compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147; demographic trends 139-142, 147-148; economic adjustment 139-142; female employment 143-144, 147; labour reallocation 135-139; unemployment 133-134; worker flows during transition 139-142 labour migration 125,139-142 land fragmentation 232,241 land leasing 234 Latvia: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82-83; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental
protection expenditure 301; environmental transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock
Index 195; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 219; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41-42; Polish minority 83; political leadership 69-70; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 254,273; regional differences 214,215; renewable energy 272; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; Russian minority 83,94; scientific journals published in 159,169; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 285 life expectancy 102 Lithuania: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 83-84; Cohesion Policy 317; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; EU innovation support 332; GDP decline 18; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; language 83-84; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 117,118; municipal autonomy 61,66; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; Polish minority 83-84,94; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169,171; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215; road transport 250; scientific journals published in 159, 162,164,167; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 local government:
financial autonomy 64-65; horizontal power relations 68-71; local autonomy 61-68; municipal government 55-58; policy scope 61-68; vertical power relations 58-68 longue durée 209-211,362 Luxembourg 182,279 Macedonia 92 macro-econometric regional growth model (MASST) 357 369 macroeconomic disequilibria 19-20,27 Macron, Emmanuel 50 male mortality rates 102 Malta 280 market institutions 17 ‘market socialism’ 14,17 marriage 111-112 mayoral elections 68-71 Mediterranean syndrome 299 metropolitan areas 217,219,222,356 migration 114-118,125,223,362-363 military expenditure 17 Moldavia 66,90 monopoly control 356 Montenegro 77 Moravia 86-87 mortality 30,102—106 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315,319,322, 329 municipal autonomy 58-68 municipal government 55-58 natality 107—114 national-accommodative real-socialism 39 nationalism 75 national minorities: Bulgaria 92-93; Croatia 89—90; Czechia 86-87; Estonia 82; Hungary 88; issue of 81-82; Latvia 82-83; Lithuania 83-84; Poland 84-86, 93-94; Romania 90-92; Slovakia 87-88; Slovenia 88-89 nation-building policy 78 Netherlands 117,182,234,279 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2): life expectancy 104; territorial reforms 56; total fertility rate 107, 109 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 3 (NUTS3) 213 non-marital births 110 non-metropolitan areas 217,219,222-223 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 101 Norway 182 ‘Ohrid Agreement’ 66 optimal speed of transition (OST) model 133-134,136,139-140 Pan-European Corridors 247 party systems: assessment of party system institutionalization 40;
competition 41-43; impact on local government
370 Index 71; nature of 39; organizations 40-41; radical-populist parties 49-50; support 42-43; volatility 40 perestroika (‘reconstruction’) 78, 80 PHARE programme 314-315 Poland: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,303; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-49, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104-105,106; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 325-327; Cohesion Policy funding 322-323; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 330, 332; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12, 207; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental organisations 269; environmental protection governance 269,298-299; environmental transformation 305; establishment of non-communist government 80; ethnoregional communities 84-85; EU accession 316; farming sector 225,226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 226-227; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16,32; GDP dechne 18; GDP per capita 13,30, 47; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; internal economic disequilibria. 16; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land ownership reforms 230-232; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233-234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116-118; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 84-86; nation-building policy 78; as newly established state 77;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45;
party systems 41,71; population ageing 124; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 246, 254-255; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215, 221; renewable energy 272; road transport 246,248,250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 304-305; RTDI implementation 320; scientific journals published in 157,159,162,164,166, 167,174; state of agricultural land use 234-237; territorial reforms 56-57, 93-94; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; transport system 247; urban wastewater treatment 279; water quality 285 Polish minority 83-84,86-87, 94 political cohesion 356 political institutions 43 political leadership 68-71 pollution discharge 273-281 Portugal 54,117,182,318 potential accessibility 244-245 premature deaths 297 procreative behaviours 110-112,125 Production Cooperatives 225,228,229,232 protected areas 293-294 radical-populist parties 49-50,72 rail transport 246-247,254-256,273-274 recession 22-23, 28-29,207,250 regional differences 207-209,360-361 regionalism: in 19th and 20th centuries 76-80; definition 75; driving forces 75-76; national minorities 81-93; as nation-building policy 78; present situation in CEE 80-94; types 75-76 regional patterns 211-217 renewable sources (RES) 271-272 renovating strategy 355-356 rent control 356 research and development (R D): assessment of technology accumulation in CEE 179-187; employment 154-156; expenditure 32,153,154-156,171-172; impact of EU
Cohesion Policy 332-333; industrial/technological upgrading 184-191; investments 180-183, 347-349,353; lack of patterns 353; outputs 180-183; policy issues 196-198; reinforcement 356; science-based pattern 353; scientific journals 156-175; technology upgrading index measures 188,200-204 research, technology, development and innovation (RTDI) 196,317,332-333, 338 River Basin Management Plans 285-286 road transport 246,247-253,273-274
Index Romania: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326-327; Cohesion Policy funding 320-322,324,337; depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 195,196; foreign debt burden 17; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 30,213; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 91,94; internal regional dynamics in 217, 219; Land Fund Act 229-230; land ownership reforms 229-232, 241; land restitution measures 226; life expectancy 103,104; market for land 234; mayoral elections 69-70; migration trends 116-118; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 90-92; period of recovery 21; protected areas 294; R D development 169; rail transport 254-255, 273; regional differences 214, 215, 220; road transport 248,251-252,273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 158,162,164; state of agricultural land Use 234-235,237; Szekler regionalism 91,94; territorial change 77,79; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 109; transport infrastructure 264; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 280,281 Roma people 88 rule of law 363 Russian minority 82,94 Scandinavia 61, 68 scientific journals: citations from 161-162; effectiveness measures 166-171;
international collaboration 163-166; productivity indicators 166-171; published in CEE 156-175 separatism 76 Serbia 65,77 service economy 363 Silesians 84-85 371 Slovakia: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Pohcy to economic growth and convergence 329; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30, 221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 87-88, 94; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230,240; life expectancy 102; local government 54; market for land 233-234; mayoral elections 69; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; party systems 41,71; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247, 255; regional differences 214,215; road transport 273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; scientific journals published in 159, 164,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279,281; waste volume growth 303 Slovenia: accessibility changes 261; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,323;
depopulation 119-121; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 195; GDP per capita 13, 30,214; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 88; incidence of marital unions 112; Italian minority 88-89; life expectancy 102, 104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 62, 64; municipal government 55-57;
372 Index party systems 41; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 294-295; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,273; regional diferences 214,215; road transport 248, 250,252,273; scientific journals published in 159,162,164,169,174; territorial fragmentation 57; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 281; waste volume growth 303 social cohesion 356 South Africa 158 South Korea 158 Soviet Union 14,17,18,19,78-79 Sovkhoz 225 Spain 54,117,157,182,280,294,318,324, 330 State Farms 225,228, 229,231,241 surface water bodies (SWBs) 284-286 Sweden 117,182,272 Switzerland 61,68,279 Szekler regionalism 91, 94 technology capability 191-196 technology upgrading: analysis in context of catching up and growth 188-191; index measures 184-185,188,200-204; infrastructure 191-196; policy issues 196-197 technology upgrading breadth index (INDEX B) 202-203 technology upgrading intensity index (Index A) 200-202 TEN-T corridors 251,255 territorial fragmentation 57-58 territorial reforms 55-59 tobacco consumption 104,106 top-down regionalism 75-76 total fertility rate (TFR) 107 traffic accidents 105 transition, theories of 38-40 transport system: accessibility changes 258-262; air transport 257-258; environmental transformation 273-275; influence of inadequacy of infrastructure on 263-264; infrastructure 246-247; investment projects 247,250-252, 261, 262,264, 362; Pan-European Corridors 247; potential accessibility 244-245; pre-accession period 245-247, 262-263; private car ownership 246; rail
transport 254-256; road transport 247-253 Treaty ofTrianon 77 ‘Trianon trauma’ 88 Turkey 157,246,252,261,280 Turkish minority 92 Ukraine: accessibility changes 261; corruption 22,27; GDP decline 18, 26; GDP growth 22; internal regional dynamics in 218; municipal autonomy 66; mad transport 252; territorial reforms 57 underdevelopment 13-15 unemployment 133-134 United Kingdom 116,117,279,297,330 urban wastewater treatment 279 vertical power relations 58-68 Visegrad countries 12,15-29,194-195, 255 waste volume growth 303 water quality 284-287 West Balkan countries 13,15-29 Williamson curve 207-209,217 World Bank 133 World Health Organization (WHO) 287 Yugoslavia 14,17,57,77,78,79,225, 226-227, 246 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek кІЛпАклмі
Contents List offigures List of tables List of maps Notes on contributors Introduction vii xii xiv xv 1 PART I Systemic foundations of transformation 1 Trajectories of the economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe 9 11 WITOLD M. ORŁOWSKI 2 Political systems, socio-economic development and the quality of democracy in CEE countries 35 RADOSŁAW MARKOWSKI 3 Local government: progressin decentralisation 54 PAWEŁ SWIANIEWICZ 4 Regionalism in Central and Eastern Europe 75 ROMAN SZUL PART II Reforms and challenges 5 Demographic change and challenge AGNIESZKA FIHEL AND MAREK OKÓLSKI 99 101
vi Contents 6 Labour markets 133 JOANNA TYROWICZ AND PETER SZEWCZYK 7 Running faster or measuring better? How Central and Eastern European science is catching up with Western Europe 151 AGNIESZKA OLECHNICKA AND ADAM PŁOSZAJ 8 Technology upgrading and growth in Central and Eastern Europe 178 SLAVO RADOSEVIC, DENİZ E.YORUK AND ESIN YORUK PART III Regions, space, territory 9 Regional dynamics and structural changes in Central and Eastern European countries 205 207 GRZEGORZ GORZELAK AND MACIEJ SMĘTKOWSKI 10 Land-use and ownership changes of agriculture 225 JERZY BAŃSKI 11 Transport infrastructure and accessibility 244 TOMASZ KOMORNICKI 12 Environmental transformation in CEE countries 267 ZBIGNIEW M. KARACZUN AND ANDRZEJ KASSENBERG PART IV The future challenges of the CEE countries within integrated Europe 311 13 Cohesion Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: is it fit for purpose? 313 JOHN BACHTLER AND MARTIN FERRY 14 Structural changes and future perspectives of CEE economies 345 ROBERTA CAPELLO Conclusions Index 360 365
Index ageing 119-124,125,362 agricultural land: communist-era tenets 225; contemporary management of 229-240; decline in farmland areas 235-236; farm size structure 238-240; market for 233-234; Production Cooperatives 225, 228,229, 232; State Farms 225,228, 229, 231,241; state of use 234-237; systemic transformation of farming sector 225-226; use and ownership in the pre transformation period 226-228 air pollution 273-277 air quality 287-291 air transport 257-258 Albania 57 alcohol consumption 104,106 Australia 157 Austria 107,117,182,196,279 authoritarianism 38-39,47-49, 50, 54 quality 287; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; life expectancy 103,104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116, 117; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 57; national minorities 92-93; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215,220; road transport 248,251; scientific journals published in 159, 164; territorial change 77, 79; tobacco consumption 106; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 264; transport system 246;Turkish minority 92; urban wastewater treatment 280; water quality 284-285 business-friendly institutions 27-28 Byelorussians 85 Baltic countries 12,15-29 Belarus 261 Belgium 117,182,196,234,279 Berlin Wall 80 biodiversity 291-294 bottom-up regionalism 75-76 Brazil 157 Bulgaria: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,324,337;
depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 11-12,30; groundwater cardiovascular mortality 104-105 car ownership 246,248 Catholic social teaching 42 Central and Eastern European (CEE): accelerated growth of metropolitan areas 219; ageing 119-124; challenges facing 360-364; citations from scientific journals 161-162; Cohesion Policy 313-338; demographic change 101-125; depopulation and rapid ageing 119-124; development paradigm 360; economic transition 11-33; environmental transformation in 267-306; EU accession 316,363; future challenges and perspectives 355-358; GDP per capita 13-14; general territorial outcomes 221-223; GNI growth 183; GNI per capita 183; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; horizontal
366 Index power relations 58-68; industrial/ technological upgrading 184-191; infrastructure 191-196; institutional progress 361; internal regional dynamics in 217-220; international migration 114-118; labour markets 134-148; landuse and ownership changes 225-241; Leninist legacies 38-39; local government 54-72; mortality 102-106; natality 107-114; party systems 40-43; policy issues 196-198; political challenges facing 49-50; political institutions 43; regional differences 207-209,360-361; regionalism 75-94; regional patterns of 211-217; renovating strategy 355-356; rule of law 35-38; scientific journals published in 156-175; separatism 76; state of democracy 35-38; structural adjustments in 346-349; technology capability 191-196; territorial reforms 55-59; transport system 244-264; vertical power relations 58-68 centralisation 60 central planning economic system 14 childbearing age 111 China 157 cholesterol consumption 106 Cohesion Policy: accession and implementation of 316-318; achievements in CEE 327-328; achievements in specific policy fields 331-333; challenges facing 338; contribution to economic growth and convergence in CEE 328-331; economic and budgetary context: 321-323; enlargement and preparations for 313-316; expenditure 325-327; financial framework 315; funding prospects 323-325; governance in CEE 333-337; resources 318-321 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 292,314 compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147,355 composite index measures 200-204 corruption 27-28 Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) 15,17 Croatia: air quality 289,303; cardiovascular
mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy funding 322; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 305; EU accession 29; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Istrian regional identity 90; life expectancy 102,104; mayoral elections 69; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 89-90; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 295; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 254,273; road transport 252; scientific journals published in 158,174; territorial fragmentation 57; total fertility rate 107, 109; urban wastewater treatment 281 Czechia: accessibility changes 258,260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104,106; Cohesion Policy 317-318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322-323; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238-239; FDI stock 31,218; GDP dechne 20; GDP per capita 13,14,30, 214,216,221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 286-287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230, 240; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market
for land 233-234; migration trends 117-118; Moravian regionalism 86-87; municipal autonomy 61,64,66; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 86-87; party systems 41; Polish minority 86-87; political leadership 69-70; price-competitiveness levels 347; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,254-255; regional differences 214,216; road transport 247, 250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 159,162,
Index 165, 167,169, 174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107,109; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 Czechoslovakia 17,77, 79,228,246,269 decentralisation 54-55, 59-61 de-industrialisation 363 demographic change: ageing 119-124; depopulation 119-124; international migration 114-118; mortality 30, 102-106; natality 107-114,125 Denmark 117,279 depopulation 119-124 East Balkan countries 12-13,15-29 east-to-west migration 116-117 ecological footprint 282-284 economic transition: achievements 29-32; common features of process 12-13; controversies 29-32; final outcome factors 25-29; GDP decline 18,20-21, 26; global recession 22-23,28-29; high GDP growth 21-22; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; labour reallocation 135-139; mechanics of 136; moderate GDP growth 23-24; phases of 17-24; stagnation 19-20,26; take-off phase 21-22,26-27 energy/resources productivity 270-272 environmental protection governance 297-304 environmental transformation: air quality 287-291; biodiversity 291-294; condition of natural environment 282; ecological footprint 282-284; energy and resources productivity 270-272; environmental organizations 269; environmental policy 267-269; pollution discharge 273-281; quality of environment and health 294-297; transport system 273-275; water quality 284-287 Estonia: annexation by Soviet Union 78; biodiversity 293; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding
321; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 299; environmental 367 transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; GDP per capita 213,216; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55-57; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; political leadership 69; R D development 169, 171; rail transport 254-255,273; regional differences 214,216,220; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; Russian minority 82, 94; scientific journals published in 162, 164,167; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 ethnic minorities 77-79, 83-84 European Agricultural Fund for Regional Development 327 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 133 European Parliament (EP) 43-44, 50 European Regional Development Fund 326 European Social Fund 326 European Union (EU): challenges facing institutions 45-46; Cohesion Policy 313-338; crisis facing 50; environmental protection governance 299-301; European Parliament elections 43-44,50; integration issues 55-56, 59; Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315, 319,322,329; territorial reforms 55-58 external economic disequilibria 16-17 family support programmes 125 female employment 143-144,147 fertility rates 107-114,125,362 financial autonomy 64-65 Finlandin, 182,272 foreign direct investment (FDI) 30-31, 197-198,262,347,355,358 France 157,273,297 Georgia 64 German Democratic Republic (GDR) 79-80 German minority 85-86 Germany
107,182,196,234,246,251,260, 273, 279,297 Gini coefficient 31-32 glasnost (‘openness’) 78, 80 global value chain (GVC) policy 197-198
368 Index grass-roots nationalism 75-76 Greece 54,182,196,246, 280,294,302, 324,330 greenhouse gas emissions 277-279 gross national income (GNI) 183 groundwater quality 286-287 health: behaviours 125; quality of environment and 294-297; service 30,105 Holocaust 78 horizontal power relations 68-71 Hungarian minority 87-88, 91,94 Hungary: accessibility changes 258, 260; air quality 289; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-48, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy fimding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 329; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 269,299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239; FDI stock 31,195; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20-21; GDP per capita 47, 314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 229,231,240-241; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233—234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 62-64, 66; municipal government 55-58; national minorities 88;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45; party systems 41-42; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; protected areas 294; R D
development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215; road transport 247,248,250-252; scientific journals published in 159,162, 165,167,169,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial change 77,79; territorial fragmentation 57; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 hyperinflation 16 Iceland 182 Index ofTechnology and Knowledge Exchange (ITKE) (Index C) 193, 204 India 158 infant mortality 102 infrastructure 191-196 innovation: aeative application pattern 350-351; EU support 332; imitative innovation pattern 351; patterns in CEECs 349-355; science-based pattern 350, 353 institutions 39,361 internal economic disequilibria 16 international collaboration 163-166 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 23,133 Ireland 182 Istrian regional identity 90 Italian minority 88-89 Italy 117,157,280,287,297,324,330 Japan 158 Kashubians 84-85 Kolkhoz 225 labour markets: challenges facing 362-363; compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147; demographic trends 139-142, 147-148; economic adjustment 139-142; female employment 143-144, 147; labour reallocation 135-139; unemployment 133-134; worker flows during transition 139-142 labour migration 125,139-142 land fragmentation 232,241 land leasing 234 Latvia: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82-83; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental
protection expenditure 301; environmental transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock
Index 195; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 219; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41-42; Polish minority 83; political leadership 69-70; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 254,273; regional differences 214,215; renewable energy 272; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; Russian minority 83,94; scientific journals published in 159,169; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 285 life expectancy 102 Lithuania: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 83-84; Cohesion Policy 317; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; EU innovation support 332; GDP decline 18; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; language 83-84; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 117,118; municipal autonomy 61,66; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; Polish minority 83-84,94; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169,171; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215; road transport 250; scientific journals published in 159, 162,164,167; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 local government:
financial autonomy 64-65; horizontal power relations 68-71; local autonomy 61-68; municipal government 55-58; policy scope 61-68; vertical power relations 58-68 longue durée 209-211,362 Luxembourg 182,279 Macedonia 92 macro-econometric regional growth model (MASST) 357 369 macroeconomic disequilibria 19-20,27 Macron, Emmanuel 50 male mortality rates 102 Malta 280 market institutions 17 ‘market socialism’ 14,17 marriage 111-112 mayoral elections 68-71 Mediterranean syndrome 299 metropolitan areas 217,219,222,356 migration 114-118,125,223,362-363 military expenditure 17 Moldavia 66,90 monopoly control 356 Montenegro 77 Moravia 86-87 mortality 30,102—106 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315,319,322, 329 municipal autonomy 58-68 municipal government 55-58 natality 107—114 national-accommodative real-socialism 39 nationalism 75 national minorities: Bulgaria 92-93; Croatia 89—90; Czechia 86-87; Estonia 82; Hungary 88; issue of 81-82; Latvia 82-83; Lithuania 83-84; Poland 84-86, 93-94; Romania 90-92; Slovakia 87-88; Slovenia 88-89 nation-building policy 78 Netherlands 117,182,234,279 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2): life expectancy 104; territorial reforms 56; total fertility rate 107, 109 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 3 (NUTS3) 213 non-marital births 110 non-metropolitan areas 217,219,222-223 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 101 Norway 182 ‘Ohrid Agreement’ 66 optimal speed of transition (OST) model 133-134,136,139-140 Pan-European Corridors 247 party systems: assessment of party system institutionalization 40;
competition 41-43; impact on local government
370 Index 71; nature of 39; organizations 40-41; radical-populist parties 49-50; support 42-43; volatility 40 perestroika (‘reconstruction’) 78, 80 PHARE programme 314-315 Poland: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,303; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-49, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104-105,106; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 325-327; Cohesion Policy funding 322-323; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 330, 332; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12, 207; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental organisations 269; environmental protection governance 269,298-299; environmental transformation 305; establishment of non-communist government 80; ethnoregional communities 84-85; EU accession 316; farming sector 225,226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 226-227; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16,32; GDP dechne 18; GDP per capita 13,30, 47; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; internal economic disequilibria. 16; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land ownership reforms 230-232; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233-234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116-118; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 84-86; nation-building policy 78; as newly established state 77;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45;
party systems 41,71; population ageing 124; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 246, 254-255; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215, 221; renewable energy 272; road transport 246,248,250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 304-305; RTDI implementation 320; scientific journals published in 157,159,162,164,166, 167,174; state of agricultural land use 234-237; territorial reforms 56-57, 93-94; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; transport system 247; urban wastewater treatment 279; water quality 285 Polish minority 83-84,86-87, 94 political cohesion 356 political institutions 43 political leadership 68-71 pollution discharge 273-281 Portugal 54,117,182,318 potential accessibility 244-245 premature deaths 297 procreative behaviours 110-112,125 Production Cooperatives 225,228,229,232 protected areas 293-294 radical-populist parties 49-50,72 rail transport 246-247,254-256,273-274 recession 22-23, 28-29,207,250 regional differences 207-209,360-361 regionalism: in 19th and 20th centuries 76-80; definition 75; driving forces 75-76; national minorities 81-93; as nation-building policy 78; present situation in CEE 80-94; types 75-76 regional patterns 211-217 renewable sources (RES) 271-272 renovating strategy 355-356 rent control 356 research and development (R D): assessment of technology accumulation in CEE 179-187; employment 154-156; expenditure 32,153,154-156,171-172; impact of EU
Cohesion Policy 332-333; industrial/technological upgrading 184-191; investments 180-183, 347-349,353; lack of patterns 353; outputs 180-183; policy issues 196-198; reinforcement 356; science-based pattern 353; scientific journals 156-175; technology upgrading index measures 188,200-204 research, technology, development and innovation (RTDI) 196,317,332-333, 338 River Basin Management Plans 285-286 road transport 246,247-253,273-274
Index Romania: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326-327; Cohesion Policy funding 320-322,324,337; depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 195,196; foreign debt burden 17; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 30,213; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 91,94; internal regional dynamics in 217, 219; Land Fund Act 229-230; land ownership reforms 229-232, 241; land restitution measures 226; life expectancy 103,104; market for land 234; mayoral elections 69-70; migration trends 116-118; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 90-92; period of recovery 21; protected areas 294; R D development 169; rail transport 254-255, 273; regional differences 214, 215, 220; road transport 248,251-252,273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 158,162,164; state of agricultural land Use 234-235,237; Szekler regionalism 91,94; territorial change 77,79; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 109; transport infrastructure 264; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 280,281 Roma people 88 rule of law 363 Russian minority 82,94 Scandinavia 61, 68 scientific journals: citations from 161-162; effectiveness measures 166-171;
international collaboration 163-166; productivity indicators 166-171; published in CEE 156-175 separatism 76 Serbia 65,77 service economy 363 Silesians 84-85 371 Slovakia: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Pohcy to economic growth and convergence 329; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30, 221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 87-88, 94; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230,240; life expectancy 102; local government 54; market for land 233-234; mayoral elections 69; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; party systems 41,71; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247, 255; regional differences 214,215; road transport 273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; scientific journals published in 159, 164,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279,281; waste volume growth 303 Slovenia: accessibility changes 261; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,323;
depopulation 119-121; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 195; GDP per capita 13, 30,214; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 88; incidence of marital unions 112; Italian minority 88-89; life expectancy 102, 104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 62, 64; municipal government 55-57;
372 Index party systems 41; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 294-295; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,273; regional diferences 214,215; road transport 248, 250,252,273; scientific journals published in 159,162,164,169,174; territorial fragmentation 57; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 281; waste volume growth 303 social cohesion 356 South Africa 158 South Korea 158 Soviet Union 14,17,18,19,78-79 Sovkhoz 225 Spain 54,117,157,182,280,294,318,324, 330 State Farms 225,228, 229,231,241 surface water bodies (SWBs) 284-286 Sweden 117,182,272 Switzerland 61,68,279 Szekler regionalism 91, 94 technology capability 191-196 technology upgrading: analysis in context of catching up and growth 188-191; index measures 184-185,188,200-204; infrastructure 191-196; policy issues 196-197 technology upgrading breadth index (INDEX B) 202-203 technology upgrading intensity index (Index A) 200-202 TEN-T corridors 251,255 territorial fragmentation 57-58 territorial reforms 55-59 tobacco consumption 104,106 top-down regionalism 75-76 total fertility rate (TFR) 107 traffic accidents 105 transition, theories of 38-40 transport system: accessibility changes 258-262; air transport 257-258; environmental transformation 273-275; influence of inadequacy of infrastructure on 263-264; infrastructure 246-247; investment projects 247,250-252, 261, 262,264, 362; Pan-European Corridors 247; potential accessibility 244-245; pre-accession period 245-247, 262-263; private car ownership 246; rail
transport 254-256; road transport 247-253 Treaty ofTrianon 77 ‘Trianon trauma’ 88 Turkey 157,246,252,261,280 Turkish minority 92 Ukraine: accessibility changes 261; corruption 22,27; GDP decline 18, 26; GDP growth 22; internal regional dynamics in 218; municipal autonomy 66; mad transport 252; territorial reforms 57 underdevelopment 13-15 unemployment 133-134 United Kingdom 116,117,279,297,330 urban wastewater treatment 279 vertical power relations 58-68 Visegrad countries 12,15-29,194-195, 255 waste volume growth 303 water quality 284-287 West Balkan countries 13,15-29 Williamson curve 207-209,217 World Bank 133 World Health Organization (WHO) 287 Yugoslavia 14,17,57,77,78,79,225, 226-227, 246 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek кІЛпАклмі
Contents List offigures List of tables List of maps Notes on contributors Introduction vii xii xiv xv 1 PART I Systemic foundations of transformation 1 Trajectories of the economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe 9 11 WITOLD M. ORŁOWSKI 2 Political systems, socio-economic development and the quality of democracy in CEE countries 35 RADOSŁAW MARKOWSKI 3 Local government: progressin decentralisation 54 PAWEŁ SWIANIEWICZ 4 Regionalism in Central and Eastern Europe 75 ROMAN SZUL PART II Reforms and challenges 5 Demographic change and challenge AGNIESZKA FIHEL AND MAREK OKÓLSKI 99 101
vi Contents 6 Labour markets 133 JOANNA TYROWICZ AND PETER SZEWCZYK 7 Running faster or measuring better? How Central and Eastern European science is catching up with Western Europe 151 AGNIESZKA OLECHNICKA AND ADAM PŁOSZAJ 8 Technology upgrading and growth in Central and Eastern Europe 178 SLAVO RADOSEVIC, DENİZ E.YORUK AND ESIN YORUK PART III Regions, space, territory 9 Regional dynamics and structural changes in Central and Eastern European countries 205 207 GRZEGORZ GORZELAK AND MACIEJ SMĘTKOWSKI 10 Land-use and ownership changes of agriculture 225 JERZY BAŃSKI 11 Transport infrastructure and accessibility 244 TOMASZ KOMORNICKI 12 Environmental transformation in CEE countries 267 ZBIGNIEW M. KARACZUN AND ANDRZEJ KASSENBERG PART IV The future challenges of the CEE countries within integrated Europe 311 13 Cohesion Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: is it fit for purpose? 313 JOHN BACHTLER AND MARTIN FERRY 14 Structural changes and future perspectives of CEE economies 345 ROBERTA CAPELLO Conclusions Index 360 365
Index ageing 119-124,125,362 agricultural land: communist-era tenets 225; contemporary management of 229-240; decline in farmland areas 235-236; farm size structure 238-240; market for 233-234; Production Cooperatives 225, 228,229, 232; State Farms 225,228, 229, 231,241; state of use 234-237; systemic transformation of farming sector 225-226; use and ownership in the pre transformation period 226-228 air pollution 273-277 air quality 287-291 air transport 257-258 Albania 57 alcohol consumption 104,106 Australia 157 Austria 107,117,182,196,279 authoritarianism 38-39,47-49, 50, 54 quality 287; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; life expectancy 103,104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116, 117; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 57; national minorities 92-93; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215,220; road transport 248,251; scientific journals published in 159, 164; territorial change 77, 79; tobacco consumption 106; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 264; transport system 246;Turkish minority 92; urban wastewater treatment 280; water quality 284-285 business-friendly institutions 27-28 Byelorussians 85 Baltic countries 12,15-29 Belarus 261 Belgium 117,182,196,234,279 Berlin Wall 80 biodiversity 291-294 bottom-up regionalism 75-76 Brazil 157 Bulgaria: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,324,337;
depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 11-12,30; groundwater cardiovascular mortality 104-105 car ownership 246,248 Catholic social teaching 42 Central and Eastern European (CEE): accelerated growth of metropolitan areas 219; ageing 119-124; challenges facing 360-364; citations from scientific journals 161-162; Cohesion Policy 313-338; demographic change 101-125; depopulation and rapid ageing 119-124; development paradigm 360; economic transition 11-33; environmental transformation in 267-306; EU accession 316,363; future challenges and perspectives 355-358; GDP per capita 13-14; general territorial outcomes 221-223; GNI growth 183; GNI per capita 183; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; horizontal
366 Index power relations 58-68; industrial/ technological upgrading 184-191; infrastructure 191-196; institutional progress 361; internal regional dynamics in 217-220; international migration 114-118; labour markets 134-148; landuse and ownership changes 225-241; Leninist legacies 38-39; local government 54-72; mortality 102-106; natality 107-114; party systems 40-43; policy issues 196-198; political challenges facing 49-50; political institutions 43; regional differences 207-209,360-361; regionalism 75-94; regional patterns of 211-217; renovating strategy 355-356; rule of law 35-38; scientific journals published in 156-175; separatism 76; state of democracy 35-38; structural adjustments in 346-349; technology capability 191-196; territorial reforms 55-59; transport system 244-264; vertical power relations 58-68 centralisation 60 central planning economic system 14 childbearing age 111 China 157 cholesterol consumption 106 Cohesion Policy: accession and implementation of 316-318; achievements in CEE 327-328; achievements in specific policy fields 331-333; challenges facing 338; contribution to economic growth and convergence in CEE 328-331; economic and budgetary context: 321-323; enlargement and preparations for 313-316; expenditure 325-327; financial framework 315; funding prospects 323-325; governance in CEE 333-337; resources 318-321 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 292,314 compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147,355 composite index measures 200-204 corruption 27-28 Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) 15,17 Croatia: air quality 289,303; cardiovascular
mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy funding 322; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 305; EU accession 29; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Istrian regional identity 90; life expectancy 102,104; mayoral elections 69; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 89-90; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 295; R D expenditures 182,183; rail transport 254,273; road transport 252; scientific journals published in 158,174; territorial fragmentation 57; total fertility rate 107, 109; urban wastewater treatment 281 Czechia: accessibility changes 258,260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104,106; Cohesion Policy 317-318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322-323; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238-239; FDI stock 31,218; GDP dechne 20; GDP per capita 13,14,30, 214,216,221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 286-287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230, 240; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market
for land 233-234; migration trends 117-118; Moravian regionalism 86-87; municipal autonomy 61,64,66; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 86-87; party systems 41; Polish minority 86-87; political leadership 69-70; price-competitiveness levels 347; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,254-255; regional differences 214,216; road transport 247, 250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 159,162,
Index 165, 167,169, 174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107,109; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 Czechoslovakia 17,77, 79,228,246,269 decentralisation 54-55, 59-61 de-industrialisation 363 demographic change: ageing 119-124; depopulation 119-124; international migration 114-118; mortality 30, 102-106; natality 107-114,125 Denmark 117,279 depopulation 119-124 East Balkan countries 12-13,15-29 east-to-west migration 116-117 ecological footprint 282-284 economic transition: achievements 29-32; common features of process 12-13; controversies 29-32; final outcome factors 25-29; GDP decline 18,20-21, 26; global recession 22-23,28-29; high GDP growth 21-22; historical roots of underdevelopment 13-15; labour reallocation 135-139; mechanics of 136; moderate GDP growth 23-24; phases of 17-24; stagnation 19-20,26; take-off phase 21-22,26-27 energy/resources productivity 270-272 environmental protection governance 297-304 environmental transformation: air quality 287-291; biodiversity 291-294; condition of natural environment 282; ecological footprint 282-284; energy and resources productivity 270-272; environmental organizations 269; environmental policy 267-269; pollution discharge 273-281; quality of environment and health 294-297; transport system 273-275; water quality 284-287 Estonia: annexation by Soviet Union 78; biodiversity 293; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding
321; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 299; environmental 367 transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 31; GDP per capita 213,216; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55-57; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; political leadership 69; R D development 169, 171; rail transport 254-255,273; regional differences 214,216,220; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; Russian minority 82, 94; scientific journals published in 162, 164,167; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 ethnic minorities 77-79, 83-84 European Agricultural Fund for Regional Development 327 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 133 European Parliament (EP) 43-44, 50 European Regional Development Fund 326 European Social Fund 326 European Union (EU): challenges facing institutions 45-46; Cohesion Policy 313-338; crisis facing 50; environmental protection governance 299-301; European Parliament elections 43-44,50; integration issues 55-56, 59; Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315, 319,322,329; territorial reforms 55-58 external economic disequilibria 16-17 family support programmes 125 female employment 143-144,147 fertility rates 107-114,125,362 financial autonomy 64-65 Finlandin, 182,272 foreign direct investment (FDI) 30-31, 197-198,262,347,355,358 France 157,273,297 Georgia 64 German Democratic Republic (GDR) 79-80 German minority 85-86 Germany
107,182,196,234,246,251,260, 273, 279,297 Gini coefficient 31-32 glasnost (‘openness’) 78, 80 global value chain (GVC) policy 197-198
368 Index grass-roots nationalism 75-76 Greece 54,182,196,246, 280,294,302, 324,330 greenhouse gas emissions 277-279 gross national income (GNI) 183 groundwater quality 286-287 health: behaviours 125; quality of environment and 294-297; service 30,105 Holocaust 78 horizontal power relations 68-71 Hungarian minority 87-88, 91,94 Hungary: accessibility changes 258, 260; air quality 289; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-48, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy fimding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 329; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental protection governance 269,299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239; FDI stock 31,195; foreign debt burden 16; GDP decline 20-21; GDP per capita 47, 314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 229,231,240-241; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233—234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; moderate GDP growth 23; municipal autonomy 62-64, 66; municipal government 55-58; national minorities 88;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45; party systems 41-42; period of recovery 21; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; protected areas 294; R D
development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215; road transport 247,248,250-252; scientific journals published in 159,162, 165,167,169,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial change 77,79; territorial fragmentation 57; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 284 hyperinflation 16 Iceland 182 Index ofTechnology and Knowledge Exchange (ITKE) (Index C) 193, 204 India 158 infant mortality 102 infrastructure 191-196 innovation: aeative application pattern 350-351; EU support 332; imitative innovation pattern 351; patterns in CEECs 349-355; science-based pattern 350, 353 institutions 39,361 internal economic disequilibria 16 international collaboration 163-166 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 23,133 Ireland 182 Istrian regional identity 90 Italian minority 88-89 Italy 117,157,280,287,297,324,330 Japan 158 Kashubians 84-85 Kolkhoz 225 labour markets: challenges facing 362-363; compensation/earnings adjustments 144-147; demographic trends 139-142, 147-148; economic adjustment 139-142; female employment 143-144, 147; labour reallocation 135-139; unemployment 133-134; worker flows during transition 139-142 labour migration 125,139-142 land fragmentation 232,241 land leasing 234 Latvia: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 82-83; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental
protection expenditure 301; environmental transformation 305,306; EU accession 316; FDI stock
Index 195; greenhouse gas emissions 277; groundwater quality 287; incidence of marital unions 112; internal regional dynamics in 219; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 61,64; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41-42; Polish minority 83; political leadership 69-70; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 254,273; regional differences 214,215; renewable energy 272; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; Russian minority 83,94; scientific journals published in 159,169; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303; water quality 285 life expectancy 102 Lithuania: air transport 257; annexation by Soviet Union 78; cardiovascular mortality 105; citizenship 83-84; Cohesion Policy 317; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; EU innovation support 332; GDP decline 18; GDP per capita 30; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; language 83-84; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 117,118; municipal autonomy 61,66; municipal government 55; as newly established state 77; party systems 41; Polish minority 83-84,94; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169,171; rail transport 255,273; regional differences 214,215; road transport 250; scientific journals published in 159, 162,164,167; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279; waste volume growth 303 local government:
financial autonomy 64-65; horizontal power relations 68-71; local autonomy 61-68; municipal government 55-58; policy scope 61-68; vertical power relations 58-68 longue durée 209-211,362 Luxembourg 182,279 Macedonia 92 macro-econometric regional growth model (MASST) 357 369 macroeconomic disequilibria 19-20,27 Macron, Emmanuel 50 male mortality rates 102 Malta 280 market institutions 17 ‘market socialism’ 14,17 marriage 111-112 mayoral elections 68-71 Mediterranean syndrome 299 metropolitan areas 217,219,222,356 migration 114-118,125,223,362-363 military expenditure 17 Moldavia 66,90 monopoly control 356 Montenegro 77 Moravia 86-87 mortality 30,102—106 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 313,315,319,322, 329 municipal autonomy 58-68 municipal government 55-58 natality 107—114 national-accommodative real-socialism 39 nationalism 75 national minorities: Bulgaria 92-93; Croatia 89—90; Czechia 86-87; Estonia 82; Hungary 88; issue of 81-82; Latvia 82-83; Lithuania 83-84; Poland 84-86, 93-94; Romania 90-92; Slovakia 87-88; Slovenia 88-89 nation-building policy 78 Netherlands 117,182,234,279 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2): life expectancy 104; territorial reforms 56; total fertility rate 107, 109 Nomenclature ofTerritorial Units for Statistics 3 (NUTS3) 213 non-marital births 110 non-metropolitan areas 217,219,222-223 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 101 Norway 182 ‘Ohrid Agreement’ 66 optimal speed of transition (OST) model 133-134,136,139-140 Pan-European Corridors 247 party systems: assessment of party system institutionalization 40;
competition 41-43; impact on local government
370 Index 71; nature of 39; organizations 40-41; radical-populist parties 49-50; support 42-43; volatility 40 perestroika (‘reconstruction’) 78, 80 PHARE programme 314-315 Poland: accessibility changes 260-261; air quality 287,303; air transport 257; authoritarianism 35,37,47-49, 50; cardiovascular mortality 104-105,106; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy 318; Cohesion Policy expenditure 325-327; Cohesion Policy funding 322-323; contribution of Cohesion Policy to economic growth and convergence 330, 332; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12, 207; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental organisations 269; environmental protection governance 269,298-299; environmental transformation 305; establishment of non-communist government 80; ethnoregional communities 84-85; EU accession 316; farming sector 225,226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 226-227; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 16,32; GDP dechne 18; GDP per capita 13,30, 47; greenhouse gas emissions 277; impact of environmental issues on lives of people 303; internal economic disequilibria. 16; internal regional dynamics in 218-219; lack of harmonisation of EU environmental protection law 302; land ownership reforms 230-232; life expectancy 102,104; local government 54; market for land 233-234; ‘market socialism’ 14,17; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 116-118; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 84-86; nation-building policy 78; as newly established state 77;‘party state capture’ phenomenon 45;
party systems 41,71; population ageing 124; premature deaths 297; price-competitiveness levels 347; quality of environment and health 294; R D development 169; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 246, 254-255; reduced independence of judiciary 24; regional differences 214, 215, 221; renewable energy 272; road transport 246,248,250-252; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 304-305; RTDI implementation 320; scientific journals published in 157,159,162,164,166, 167,174; state of agricultural land use 234-237; territorial reforms 56-57, 93-94; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; transport system 247; urban wastewater treatment 279; water quality 285 Polish minority 83-84,86-87, 94 political cohesion 356 political institutions 43 political leadership 68-71 pollution discharge 273-281 Portugal 54,117,182,318 potential accessibility 244-245 premature deaths 297 procreative behaviours 110-112,125 Production Cooperatives 225,228,229,232 protected areas 293-294 radical-populist parties 49-50,72 rail transport 246-247,254-256,273-274 recession 22-23, 28-29,207,250 regional differences 207-209,360-361 regionalism: in 19th and 20th centuries 76-80; definition 75; driving forces 75-76; national minorities 81-93; as nation-building policy 78; present situation in CEE 80-94; types 75-76 regional patterns 211-217 renewable sources (RES) 271-272 renovating strategy 355-356 rent control 356 research and development (R D): assessment of technology accumulation in CEE 179-187; employment 154-156; expenditure 32,153,154-156,171-172; impact of EU
Cohesion Policy 332-333; industrial/technological upgrading 184-191; investments 180-183, 347-349,353; lack of patterns 353; outputs 180-183; policy issues 196-198; reinforcement 356; science-based pattern 353; scientific journals 156-175; technology upgrading index measures 188,200-204 research, technology, development and innovation (RTDI) 196,317,332-333, 338 River Basin Management Plans 285-286 road transport 246,247-253,273-274
Index Romania: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289,303; cardiovascular mortality 105; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326-327; Cohesion Policy funding 320-322,324,337; depopulation 119; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12-13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farming-sector land use and ownership in the pre- transformation period 227-228; farm size structure 239-240; FDI stock 195,196; foreign debt burden 17; GDP decline 20; GDP per capita 30,213; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 91,94; internal regional dynamics in 217, 219; Land Fund Act 229-230; land ownership reforms 229-232, 241; land restitution measures 226; life expectancy 103,104; market for land 234; mayoral elections 69-70; migration trends 116-118; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; national minorities 90-92; period of recovery 21; protected areas 294; R D development 169; rail transport 254-255, 273; regional differences 214, 215, 220; road transport 248,251-252,273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; scientific journals published in 158,162,164; state of agricultural land Use 234-235,237; Szekler regionalism 91,94; territorial change 77,79; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 109; transport infrastructure 264; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 280,281 Roma people 88 rule of law 363 Russian minority 82,94 Scandinavia 61, 68 scientific journals: citations from 161-162; effectiveness measures 166-171;
international collaboration 163-166; productivity indicators 166-171; published in CEE 156-175 separatism 76 Serbia 65,77 service economy 363 Silesians 84-85 371 Slovakia: accessibility changes 260; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104-105; Cohesion Policy 317; Cohesion Policy funding 320,322; contribution of Cohesion Pohcy to economic growth and convergence 329; ‘corporate state capture’ phenomenon 45; depopulation 119-120; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 12; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; farming sector 226; farm size structure 238; FDI stock 31; foreign debt burden 32; GDP per capita 30, 221,314; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 87-88, 94; land leasing 234; land ownership reforms 230,240; life expectancy 102; local government 54; market for land 233-234; mayoral elections 69; municipal autonomy 61; municipal government 55-57; party systems 41,71; protected areas 294; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247, 255; regional differences 214,215; road transport 273; role of EU in implementing environmental policy objectives 303; RTDI implementation 317; scientific journals published in 159, 164,174; state of agricultural land use 237; territorial fragmentation 57,71; territorial reforms 56-57; total fertility rate 107; transport infrastructure 263; urban wastewater treatment 279,281; waste volume growth 303 Slovenia: accessibility changes 261; air quality 289; cardiovascular mortality 104; car ownership 248; Cohesion Policy expenditure 326; Cohesion Policy funding 320,323;
depopulation 119-121; ecological footprint 282; economic transition 13; energy/resources productivity 271; environmental protection expenditure 301; environmental protection governance 299; environmental transformation 306; EU accession 316; FDI stock 195; GDP per capita 13, 30,214; greenhouse gas emissions 277; Hungarian minority 88; incidence of marital unions 112; Italian minority 88-89; life expectancy 102, 104; mayoral elections 69; migration trends 118; municipal autonomy 62, 64; municipal government 55-57;
372 Index party systems 41; premature deaths 297; protected areas 294; quality of environment and health 294-295; R D development 171; R D expenditures 182; rail transport 247,273; regional diferences 214,215; road transport 248, 250,252,273; scientific journals published in 159,162,164,169,174; territorial fragmentation 57; transport infrastructure 263; underdevelopment 15; urban wastewater treatment 281; waste volume growth 303 social cohesion 356 South Africa 158 South Korea 158 Soviet Union 14,17,18,19,78-79 Sovkhoz 225 Spain 54,117,157,182,280,294,318,324, 330 State Farms 225,228, 229,231,241 surface water bodies (SWBs) 284-286 Sweden 117,182,272 Switzerland 61,68,279 Szekler regionalism 91, 94 technology capability 191-196 technology upgrading: analysis in context of catching up and growth 188-191; index measures 184-185,188,200-204; infrastructure 191-196; policy issues 196-197 technology upgrading breadth index (INDEX B) 202-203 technology upgrading intensity index (Index A) 200-202 TEN-T corridors 251,255 territorial fragmentation 57-58 territorial reforms 55-59 tobacco consumption 104,106 top-down regionalism 75-76 total fertility rate (TFR) 107 traffic accidents 105 transition, theories of 38-40 transport system: accessibility changes 258-262; air transport 257-258; environmental transformation 273-275; influence of inadequacy of infrastructure on 263-264; infrastructure 246-247; investment projects 247,250-252, 261, 262,264, 362; Pan-European Corridors 247; potential accessibility 244-245; pre-accession period 245-247, 262-263; private car ownership 246; rail
transport 254-256; road transport 247-253 Treaty ofTrianon 77 ‘Trianon trauma’ 88 Turkey 157,246,252,261,280 Turkish minority 92 Ukraine: accessibility changes 261; corruption 22,27; GDP decline 18, 26; GDP growth 22; internal regional dynamics in 218; municipal autonomy 66; mad transport 252; territorial reforms 57 underdevelopment 13-15 unemployment 133-134 United Kingdom 116,117,279,297,330 urban wastewater treatment 279 vertical power relations 58-68 Visegrad countries 12,15-29,194-195, 255 waste volume growth 303 water quality 284-287 West Balkan countries 13,15-29 Williamson curve 207-209,217 World Bank 133 World Health Organization (WHO) 287 Yugoslavia 14,17,57,77,78,79,225, 226-227, 246 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek кІЛпАклмі
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Gorzelak, Grzegorz 1949- |
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| callnumber-sort | HC 3244 |
| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
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| dewey-sort | 3338.943 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Politologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften Geographie |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2020 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2020 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ostmitteleuropa Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV046175681 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:37:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138324299 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031555326 |
| oclc_num | 1124940459 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | xix, 372 Seiten Diagramme, Karten (schwarz-weiß) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210107 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Regions and cities |
| series2 | Regions and cities |
| spelling | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 edited by Grzegorz Gorzelak London ; New York Routledge 2020 xix, 372 Seiten Diagramme, Karten (schwarz-weiß) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Regions and cities 137 Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1990-2020 gnd rswk-swf Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd rswk-swf Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd rswk-swf Systemtransformation (DE-588)4060633-8 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Europe, Eastern / Social conditions / 21st century Europe, Central / Social conditions / 21st century Europe, Eastern / Economic conditions / 21st century Europe, Central / Economic conditions / 21st century (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 s Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 s DE-604 Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 g Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 s Systemtransformation (DE-588)4060633-8 s Geschichte 1990-2020 z Gorzelak, Grzegorz 1949- (DE-588)13245274X edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-429-45096-9 Regions and cities 137 (DE-604)BV043356918 137 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 Regions and cities Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd Systemtransformation (DE-588)4060633-8 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4318539-3 (DE-588)4077575-6 (DE-588)4076605-6 (DE-588)4060633-8 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4075753-5 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 |
| title_auth | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 |
| title_exact_search | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 |
| title_full | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 edited by Grzegorz Gorzelak |
| title_fullStr | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 edited by Grzegorz Gorzelak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe stability and change after 1990 edited by Grzegorz Gorzelak |
| title_short | Social and economic development in Central and Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | social and economic development in central and eastern europe stability and change after 1990 |
| title_sub | stability and change after 1990 |
| topic | Sozioökonomischer Wandel (DE-588)4318539-3 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd Systemtransformation (DE-588)4060633-8 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sozioökonomischer Wandel Soziale Situation Regionalentwicklung Systemtransformation Wirtschaftsentwicklung Ostmitteleuropa Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031555326&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043356918 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gorzelakgrzegorz socialandeconomicdevelopmentincentralandeasterneuropestabilityandchangeafter1990 |
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