The fortress: the great siege of Przemyśl
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2019
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| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xxii, 346 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Plan, Porträt |
| ISBN: | 9780241309063 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Illustrations ix Maps 1. Eastern Front, August 1914 xiii 2. The Home Bases of Fortress Przemysi’s Garrison throughout Austria-Hungary xiv 3. The Galician Bloodlands xvi Acknowledgements xix Introduction i i A Broken Army 21 2 ‘The Heroes’ 49 3 Storm 80 4 Barrier IIO 5 Isolation 133 6 Starvation léi 7 Armageddon 188 Epilogue: Into the Dark 2II Appendix I: The Organization of the Habsburg Army in 1914 237 Appendix II: The Organization of the Russian Army in 1914 242 Notes 247 Bibliography ՅՈ Index 335
Bibliography ARCHIVAL SOURCES Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Warsaw, Poland (AGAD Warsaw) Austriackie sądy wojskowe okręgu X Korpusu w Przemyślu [Austrian mili tary courts in the X Corps region in Przemyśl] (417): 2.38, z8i, Z83, Z90, 2·96, Z97, зоо, 370. Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu, Poland (AP Przemyśl) 129 (Akta Miasta Przemyśla) - 138z, 139z, 1594, 1595. 397 (Afisze, plakaty i druki ulotne) - 19, zo, 47, 49, 48z, 483, 484, 501. Archiwum Narodowe w Krakowie, Poland (AN Cracow) Naczelny Komitet Narodowy: Z79 (Mikrofilm: 100,477), z8z (Mikrofilm: 100,480) and 296 (Mikrofilm: 100,494). Biblioteka Jagiellońska w Krakowie, Poland Klemens Bąkowski ֊ rps 7283.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Hadtörténelmi Levéltár, Budapest, Hungary (HL Budapest) AKVI 9510, 2593т, 29769, 32935 - Personnel files: Oberstleutnant Elek Molnár. II.169 M.kir. 23 Honvéd Gyaloghadosztály (HG), 2, 3 and 4 Doboz. Tanulmánygyűjtemény (TGY) 18. István Bielek. Muzeum Narodowe Ziemi Przemyskiej w Przemyślu, Poland (MNZP Przemyśl) Archiwum Podpułkownika Eleka Molnara - DVD Introduction, 1-12. Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Austria Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv (AVA Vienna) Ministerium des Innern, Präsidiale (1914-15): 22/Galiz. Karton 2116. Ministerium des Innern, Präsidiale (1916-17): 22/Galiz. Karton 2117. Ministerium des Innern, Präsidiale (1918): 22/Galiz. Karton 2118. Ministerium des Innern, Präsidiale (1918): 22/Galiz. Karton 2119. Kriegsarchiv (KA Vienna) Luftfahrtarchiv (LA): Ms. 72: Nikolaus Wagner v. Florheim, ‘Als Flieger in Przemyśl’ (n.d.). LA: Ms. 77: Roman Grutschnig, ‘Unser letzter Tag und Flug aus Prze myśl’ (1916). Militärkanzlei Seiner Majestät des Kaisers (MKSM): 69-8/9 (1914); 69-11/1 (1914); 28-3/2 (1915). Neue Feldakten (NFA): 30 ITD: Karton 1721, 1722. NFA: 43. Sch.D: Karton 2180. NFA: Festung Lemberg. NFA: Festungskommando Przemyśl: Karton 1321, 1322, 1323. NFA: Gefechtsberichte 1914-1916 der 30 ITD: Karton 31. Nachlaß (NL): B/486 Oberleutnant Felix Hölzer. NL: B/497 Eduard Freunthaler. NL: B/608 Oberleutnant Rudolf Biedermann. NL: B/726/1 Robert Nowak. 312
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Index Aehrenthal, Count Alois Lexa von 26 aerial bombing 3, 136-8, 228 airmail 152-3 Albatros (aircraft) 80, 152 Altmann, Second Lieutenant Otto 100, 102,103, 106 anti-Semitism in Przemyśl 14, 164-5, 2-2-7, 231-2 see also Cossack anti-Semitism, Russia pogroms against Jews in 1903-6, Russian army anti-Semitism armoured train 135, 191, 201 Army Slavic 52 Artamonov, General Leonid 221-2 artillery rapid development in pre-war decades 7, 55 see also Fortress of Przemyśl armament, German army artillery, Habsburg field army artillery, Russian army artillery, garrison units of Fortress Przemyśl fortress artillery atrocities see Fortress of Przemyśl arrests and executions, Fortress 335 of Przemyśl burning of villages, Fortress of Przemyśl massacre on Siemiradzki Street, Habsburg field army atrocities, Russian army anti-Semitism and anti-Ukrainian actions Auffenberg, General Moritz von 31, 35, 38-9, 43-4 Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination and Concentration Camp 235 Austria-Hungary, see Habsburg Empire Aviatik (aircraft) 152 Bąkowski, Klemens 213-14 Balice 116 Balkan Wars (1912-13) 15, 27, 78 Barbarossa 234 Beck-Rzikowsky, General Friedrich Count 8 Bełżec Extermination Facility 235 Biala River 47 Bielek, Second Lieutenant István 100, 102-4, ю6 Bircza 155, 157, 159 Błażowski, Włodzimierz 224 Block of Three Nationalities (Blok Trzech Narodowości) 231
INDEX Bobrinskii, Count Georgii uz, 114-117, 120,123, 222 Bohemia 44, 51,142 Böhm-Ermolli, General Eduard 170 Bolfras, Baron Arthur von 130 bombing, see aerial bombing Boroevic, General Svetozar 38-9, 44, 47, T3°, T54, 16 8, 170 Brest (formerly Brest-Litovsk) 114, 202, 220, 232 Brno 50-51 Brody 117, 176, 219 Brusilov, General Aleksei Alekseevich 80-83, 108-9 Brzeżany 70 Brudermann, General Rudolf von 32, 34-6, 38 Budapest 72, 100, 104, 144, 179 Byków 77, 92, 107, 200 Canada 17 Carpathian Mountains 5, 6, 72, 179, 2-ої, 22-4, 225 operations in 125, 129, 154, 162, 168-70, 188, 189, 190, 213, 214, 216, 227, 228 cathedrals 9, 223, 236 charity 135-6, 140-41, 150, 163, 171, 233 Chełm 1x5 cholera 21, 73-4, 128, 140, 219 Christianity, see Greek Catholicism, Greek Catholics, Orthodox Church, Orthodox believers, Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholics cinema 13, 140 Conrad von Hötzendorf, General Franz belligerence 25-7 fortress warfare, views on 8, 48 love life 25, 43,131,169 mobilization planning and errors 27-30 persecution of Ruthenes 46 tactical theories 33-4, 47, 229 strategic leadership 30-32, 34-5, 38-9, 42-4, 47-8, 124-5, 128-32, τ54, 168-70, 188-90, 229 Conrad von Hötzendorf, Second Lieutenant Herbert 47 Constantinople 4, 78 Cossacks 4, 37, 47, 114, 210, 218, 222,244 anti-Semitism of, 117-19, 123, 222-3, 225, 244 Cracow 5, 8,17, 34, 48, 78, 81, 125, 152-4, 157, 179, 2Ί3-4, 227 Czechoslovak Legion 17 Czechowicz, Bishop Konstantyn 180-82,223-4 Czernowitz 170 Czerteż 50-51, 194 Dąbrowska, Helena 145-8 Danki, General Viktor 42-3, 129 Denmark 6 deportations Russian 122-4 Soviet 233-4,
236 diarrhoea 45, 73 Dimitriev, General Radko 78-9, IZ4, 154, 157, 227-8 Dniester River 29, 32, 42 Dobromil 17, 167-8, 204, 211
INDEX Doliński, Franciszek ю Dukla Pass 6, 168 dumdum bullets 17z Dunajec River 47, 129 Dworski, Aleksander 10 dysentery 73, z 19 Eastern Little Poland (Małopolska Wschodnia) 231, 233 East Prussia 31, 125, 221 Eger 92 Einsatzgruppe 230 epidemics 3, 21, 63, 73-4, 128, 140, 219 Ersatz products 134-5, 137 espionage 15, 22, 29, 45-6, 53, 63, 66, 119, 122-3, 146-7, 171-З, 201, 227, 229 evacuation of civilians 24, 62-3, 133, 180, 213 see also refugees Evlogii, Archbishop of Volynia and Zhitomir 1x5-116 Falkenhayn, Erich von 130 Fleischer, Captain Rudolf 44-5 flyers (airmen) 136, 146, 152-3, 155, 207 food shortages 18, 135-6, 161-7, 176, 178, 186, 188, 192, 204 see also Fortress of Przemyśl food stocks, rations, starvation see also charity, Ersatz products, Fortress of Przemyśl food stocks, horses as staple of the garrison’s siege diet, price controls, rations forced labour 62, 121, 220, 222, 234, 2-35 337 Fortress Defenders’ Widows’ and Orphans’ Fund 152 Fortress of Przemyśl armament 49, 54-55, 61, 74, 85-6, 89, 96, 97, 101 arrests and executions 22, 63-6 ‘bands’ (partisans) 172 building of 5-8 burning of villages 24, 62, 77, 179 capitulation 203-4, 2.09-10 casualties 86, 109 (October 1914 battles), 159-60 (December 1914 breakout) 184-5 (exhaustion by March 1915) 202 (March 1915 breakout), 214 (garrison captured in March 1915) corruption 166-7 defences 6-8, 53-62, 75, 82-3, 96, 101 106, 108, 154, 158, 176, 185-6, 189, 209 demolition 205-10 Engineering Directorate 9, 54, 62, 135, 137, 191, 201, 204-5 encirclement 73-5 (start of first siege), 131-4 (start of second siege)
exhaustion 184-7, I94~5, 198, 203-4, 208-9 food stocks 74, 127, 161-2, 183-4, 204 Fortress Command 9, 24, 52, 54, 62, 63, 70, 74, 76,78, 80, 94, 108, 134, 135, 138, 139, 141, 142, 146, 147, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 163, 171, 174, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 200, 201, 205, 210, 216, 223
INDEX Fortress of Przemyśl - conťd forts, see forts of Fortress Przemyśl garrison strength 16, 68, 127, 143, 212 see also garrison units of Fortress Przemyśl massacre on Siemiradzki Street 66-8 morale 71, 76, 92,133, 140,152, 159-60, 166, 176,181, 203 museum 186 patrol recognition rituals 173-4 Quartermaster’s Section 139, 161-2, 166 radio station, see radio station of Fortress Przemyśl reputation in Habsburg Empire 109, 131, 214-15 ruins 236 Russian prisoners in 172 Sector Commands 54-5 strategic importance 4-6, 108-9, 130-31, 212-15 Strongpoint Byków 92, 107 victory in the October battles 106-9, 2.12.-13 forts of Fortress Przemyśl Fort I, ‘Salis-Soglio’ 55-61, 83-5, 91, 198-9 Fort I/i, ‘Łysiczka’ 83, 86, 90, 97, 99-107, 131 Fort I/շ, ‘Byków’ 83, 86, 90, 92, 97, 107 Fort I/3, ‘Pleszowice’ 83, 90, 97, 106-7 Fort I/4, ‘Maruszka Las’ 87, 97, 107 Fort I/5, ‘Popowice’ 87, 97 Fort 1/6, ‘Dziewięczyce’ 97 Fort II, ‘Jaksmanice’ 97 338 Fort III, ‘Łuczyce’ 97 Fort IV, Optyń’ 62, 87, 95-7, 210 Fort VII, ‘Pralkowce’ 145, 229 Fort VIII, ‘Łętownia’ 235 Fort X, Orzechowce’ 95, 229 Fort XI, ‘Duńkowiczki’ 78, 95, 207, 229 Fort Xla, ‘Ziegelofen’ 95 Fort XIV, ‘Hůrko’ 86, 89-90, 95, 97, 106, 201 Fort XV, ‘Borek’ 86, 89-90, 97, ιοί Fort XX, ‘Przekopana’ 97 France 26, 31, 130, 239 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 21, 30, 72 Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary 5, 12, 14-15, 26, 130, 176, 179, 194, 2-15 Freunthaler, Eduard 166-7 Friedrich, Archduke 30,130, 155 Galicia ruling arrangements 10, 14, 63 size and geography 5, 30 Galician-Russian Society 116 Garbarze suburb of Przemyśl 235
garrison units of Fortress Przemyśl balloon section 146-7 brigades: 85th Landwehr: 132; 93rd Landsturm: 69, 203; 97th Hungarian Landsturm: 36, 38, 49, 69, 191, 197, 200, 202; 108th Landsturm: 69, 71, 191, 209; iiith Landsturm: 49, 69; Combined Brigade: 191, 200 divisions: 23rd Honvéd: 36, 38, 69-70, 72, 75, 86, 127-8, 131, τ34, 145, 146, 156, 159-60,
INDEX 166, 187, 191, 197, 198-200, 202, 240; Combined Division: 191, 196, 198, 201-2 Flik ii (air squadron) 132, 152 fortress artillery 49, 60-61, 69, 74, 89-90, 94, 95, 96, 100, ιοί, юз-6, no, 127, 154, 156, 158, ι88, 191, 195, 199, 205-6, Infantry Regiment 35: 176-8; Landwehr Infantry Regiment 19: 178, 186; Landwehr Infantry Regiment 35: 186, 192 Gayczak, Lieutenant Stanislaw Marceli 17-18, 133, 139-40, 144, 153, 160, 181-2, 216-17 German army armies: Ninth: 125-6, 129; Eleventh: 227, 229-30 artillery 229 operations in Congress Poland in 1914 31, 125-6, 129 proposal for joint military command 130 recapture of Przemyśl, summer 1915 227-30 seizure of Przemyśl, September 1939 230, 232 Gestapo (Nazi Secret Police) 230, 235 Glushkievich, Maryan 221, 223, 228 Gniła Lipa, Battle 32-5 Goebbels, Joseph 19 Gorlice-Tarnów, Offensive 227-8 Grand Café Stieber 13, 138, 144, 217, 230 Graz 18, 29, 64 Greek Catholicism, Greek Catholics 4, 8, 10-11, 64, 112-16, 176, 180-81, 223, 224, 225, 236 Gródek 123 Grzędzielski, Władysław 206-8, 224 Gyóni, Géza 211 210, 221 labour units 54, 62, 68, 73, 74, 75, 185, G»2·, 194, zo3 march battalions 102, 178, 240 Nicki Group (4 low-grade battalions) 192 regiments: Fortress Artillery Regiment 1: 100-106; Honvéd Infantry Regiment 2: 198-9; Honvéd Infantry Regiment 5: 157-9, 199; Honvéd Infantry Regiment 7: 156-7, 199; Honvéd Infantry Regiment 8: xiv, 166, 178, 200; Hungarian Landsturm Infantry Regiment 9: 189; Hungarian Landsturm Infantry Regiment 10: 36-8, 46, 66, 92-3, 107, 109; Hungarian Landsturm Infantry Regiment 11: 100-106; Hungarian Landsturm
Infantry Regiment 16: 189; Landsturm Infantry Regiment 17: 76-7, 217-18; Landsturm Infantry Regiment 18: 19, 50-53, 76-7, 84-5, 86, 87, 91, 107-8, 183, 194-8, 200, 201, 203; Landsturm Infantry Regiment 19: 70; Landsturm Infantry Regiment 21: 46, 166; Landsturm Infantry Regiment 33: 178, 189; Landsturm Haas, Stephanie 145 Habsburg Empire 1-2, 4-5, 10, 12-13, τ7, շ-1՜2·։ z6, 47, 51, 6z, 131, 168, 210, 212, 215, 220, 231, 237, 243 339
INDEX 30: 32-3; Honvéd Infantry Regiment 31: 39-42; Infantry Regiment 34: 41; Landwehr Infantry Regiment 30: 44 training and tactics 32-4, 128, 229, 237-9 see also Landsturm Handzlówca 217-18 Hašek, Jaroslav 240 Hella, see Dąbrowska, Helena Hindenburg, Paul von 125 Hitler, Adolf 3,19, 234 Holocaust 20, 230, 234-5 Hölzer, Lieutenant Felix 87, 189 homosexuality 143 Honvéd troops desertion 178 development in pre-war period 238 as embodiment of Hungarian nationalist pride 26, 71-3, 238 multi-ethnic composition 69, 72 performance in battle 36, 38, 71-3, 155-9, 185-6, 198-200 reputation for brutality 62, 71 horses as cavalry mounts 31, 73, 222, 244 as draught animals 38, 45, 126, Habsburg field army armies: First: 30, 31, 42-3, 47, 125-6, 128-9; Second: 29, 31, 35, З», 39, 4*-4, 46, 124-6, 170; Third: 31-9, 43-4, 46, 69, 73, 124-7, 13°, 248, 154-5, 157, 168-70, 227, 229; Fourth: 3°, Зі, 35,38-9, 42, 43,44, 46, 125, 126, 227; Army Group Kövess: 31, 32, 34 artillery 23-4, 26, 32-4, 36, 40-41, 45,169, 229, 237-8, 241 atrocities 45-6, 213 budget and pre-war underfunding 26, 239 casualties 34, 38, 44, 47, 129, 170 cavalry 31, 42, 68, 108, 124, 237, 241 conscription system 237-8 corps: III: 29, 32; IV: 43-4; X: 8,9, 15, 128, 229; XU: 35; XVII: 128 discipline and punishment 56, 181-2 divisions: nth: 33, 19th: 128; 24th: 2Z leadership, see Conrad von Hötzendorf, General Franz and Friedrich, Archduke manpower 26, 214-15, 238-9 march battalions and brigades 39-42, 240-41 morale 33, 47, 127-8, 170 multilingualism see also Army Slavic 23, 51-2, 238-9 non-commissioned officers 238 officers
32, 34, 41, 44, 45, 47, 128 regiments: Dragoon Regiment 15: 47; Field Artillery Regiment 194, 195, 223 as staple of the garrison’s siege diet 142, 161-3, 167, 171, 183 numbers in the Fortress 7, 68, 127, 171, 205, 208 Hubert, Lieutenant-Colonel Ottokar 79, 130, 191, 203, 209 hygiene 12, 55, 73 Ianushkevich, General Nikolai 113, 115, 120, 123 inflation 135, 163 (Table 1), 165 Italy 6, 8, 17-18, 26-7, 71, 168, 215 340
INDEX Ivangorod 12.8 Ivanov, General Nikolai 169, 171 Jabłońska, Helena z Seifertów 165, 205-7, 2.22, 228 Japan 27, 32-3, 139, 245 Jarosław 5-6, 73-4, 78, 122, 126, 204, 216, 218 Jews cultural life, religious belief and divisions 11-і 2, 14 economic role in Przemyśl 9, 11-12, 165 expulsion from Przemyśl 224-7 persecution of 14, 117-24, 222-3, 224-7, 231-2 profiteering accusations 164-5 as translators in the army 52 see also anti-Semitism, Holocaust, Przemyśl city synagogues Kronstadt 202 Kraśnik, Battle of 23, 31, 42 Krautwald von Annau, LieutenantGeneral Joseph 155, 157 Kiinigl-Ehrenburg, Ilka 9, 11, 18, 138, 141, 149, 207 Kusmanek von Burgneustädten, Lieutenant-General Hermann early life and career 53, 81 in captivity 215-16 leadership during siege 53-4, 69, 75-6, 80, 86-7, 162, 166, 188-93, 200, 203-4 paranoia about treachery 63-6, 70, 76, i73-4 191, 200-201 persecution of Ruthenes 63-6, 70 promotion to general 134 rejection of capitulation demand 79 reputation 109, 131, 192-3, 2I4 Karl, Archduke 30 Kazakhstan 17, 219, 234 Kazimierz the Great, King of Poland 9 Kharkiv 98 Kielce 129 Kiev 4, 114, 188, 215, 219, 228 Kloiber, Major-General Friedrich 19г Komadina, Captain Constantin 92-3, 107-8 Komarów, Battle of 31-2, 35, 38, 43 Kopystańka summit 155, 157-9 Kövess, General Hermann von 35-6 Kovno 202 Kriegsnachrichten (fortress newspaper) 149, 179-80 Kriegsnotwehrrecht (‘Right of Defence in War’) 46, 66 Ladosz, Major Kazimierz 195, 197-8 Lajos, King of Hungary and Poland 4 Landsturm armament and equipment 36, 49-50, 69, 240 deployment in field army 36-8, 7Ն 239֊4° deployment
as fortress garrison 53 officers 18, 19, 49-53, 100, 107, 183 performance in battle 53, 56, 77, 87-8, 183 training 50, 70, 76-7, 84, 196 see also garrison of Fortress Przemyśl Laky, Lieutenant Emerich von 36-8, 66, 93 З41
INDEX Landwehr 237-41 Lemberg city, see Lwów Lemberg, Second Battle of 35, 38-44 Lenar, Jan 217-18 Lesh, Lieutenant-General Leonid 82, 89, 94 Liège 54, 82 Limanowa, Battle of 154, 168 Lisko 122, 155 Lublin 31, 42 Ludendorff, General Erich 35, 125, 128,130 Łupków Pass 6,168 Lwów 5, 6, 14, 17,18, 21, 22, 29, 32, 46, 50, 65, 69, 70, 72, 83, 123, 125, 133, 139, 154, 180, 190, 195, 201, 216, 218, 221, 227 crisis and capture by Russians 24,34-8 pogrom of September 1914 119 Russian occupation of in-17, 213, 217, 222, 224, 225 Lwowski suburb of Przemyśl 13, 232 Moldovan, Ensign Béla 39-42 Molotov Line 20, 232 Moltke, General Helmuth von 27, 31 Molnár, Lieutenant-Colonel Elek xx, 156, 158 Molnár, Ferenc 2 Moravia 17, 18, 51 Mościska 83, 123, 204, 209 Munkács roo, 104, 106 Murmansk Railway 220 music 13, 22, 140-42 Na Błonie Wood 198, 200 Na Górach-Batycze positions 154, 157-8, 185-6, 191 Namur 82 nationalism 3, 10-12, 14, 18, 27, 63, 98, in-15, 230-31, 232·, 2-33, z35 z38, Z4Z Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) 20, 232 Neidenburg 221 newspapers 14,19, 21-2, 72-3, 106, 109, 113, 117, 133, 136, 137, 140, 142, 143-4, i48֊51։ 159, 164, 179-80, 212-15 Nikolai II, Tsar of Russia 2, 98, in, 115, 119, 121, 212, 223-4, 233, 236, 242 Nikolai Nikolaevich, Grand Duke ni, 113-15, 119-20, 123, 172, 178, 212, 223, 229 Niżankowice 75, 127, 172, 216 Nizhny Novgorod 216 NKVD (Soviet Secret Police) 234 Mackensen, General August von 230 Magiera Heights 127-8 Magyary, Second Lieutenant József 156 Mannlicher rifle 40, 50 Marburg 18 Máriavölgy 100 Martinek, Colonel August 66, 209 Matwijas, Sofron 231 Medecki, Józef
181 Medyka 76-7, 195, 197, 200 Okolitá, Wasyl 176-8, 180 Mezőlaborcz 170 Omsk 16 Miliutin, General Dmitry 242 Orthodox Church, Orthodox Mokhnatskaya, Mariya Ignatyevna believers 45, 64, 112-16, 176, 67-8 179-80, 223-4, 236
INDEX Paportenka summit 155, 157 Pod Mazurami positions 75, 175, 229 Poland 4-5, 20, 23, ni, 125, 128, 131, 150, 179, 230-34, 236 Poles cultural life 10, 13, 14 persecution by Russians in-12, 117, 224 political influence in Przemyśl 10 as soldiers 38, 76-7, 87, 128, 172 see also garrison units of Fortress Przemyśl Landsturm Infantry Regiments 17 and 18 police 39, 65, 67-8, 81, 113, 117, rzi, 133, 145, 147, 206-7, 22г, 228, 230, 234 post 151-2, 175 see also airmail Potocki, Count Andrzej 14 Prague 16, 51 price controls 135 prisoners of war 25, 31,77, 98-9, 106-7,140,149, 157, i59 17i, 178,180,199, 204, 212,214-21 Prochaska, Second Lieutenant Bruno 18-19, 52-3, 91-2 Procházka, Józefa 207 propaganda 19, 67, 109, 148-51, 178-81, 214, 223 prostitution 143-4 Przemyśl city bridges: 3rd May: 12, 206, 208, 230; railway: 10, 208; wooden: 181, 208 castle 4, 9,12, 13, 140 cathedrals 9, 223, 236 cemeteries 182, 207, 211, 212, 229, 235 churches 4, 9,10,12, 64, 224, 236 City Council 10, 23, 65, 134, 135, 137, 143, 2-31 clock tower 21, 211, 236 hotels 12, 138,143, 230 Jewish quarter 9, 11, 232, 234, 236 mayors 10, 221, 223, 224, 228 military buildings 9, 13, 54, 78-9,142, 236 mobilization in 1914 21-3, 54, 61-5 occupation by Russians in 1915 221-30 old town 4, 8-9, 12-13, 2I5 230, 232, 236 origins 4 Polish appearance 10 population 8, 24-5, 133 pre-war development 8-14 pre-war military garrison 8 railway stations 9, 12, 13, 23, 25, 67, 75 !33 138, 140, 2·οι, 224, 228, 230, 235 schools io, 14,17, 22,114, 138, 222, 223, 224, 230, 233 streets: Dworski 67; Grunwald 10; Krasiński io, 208;
Mickiewicz 9, io, 12, 13, 54, 78, 142, 236; Siemiradzki 67; Słowacki (formerly Dobromil) io, 13, 206, 207, 210, 211 suburbs, see Lwowski, Garbarze, Zasanie synagogues 4, ii, 12, 13, 222, 236 Tartar’s Barrow 13 see also charity, cinema, Grand Café Stieber, police Przemyśl fortress, see Fortress of Przemyśl Przemysław, Prince 13 343
INDEX Przeworsk 2i8 psychiatrie disorders i8, 87, 93-4, 103, 184-5, 213 Raabl, Captain Franz von 80 radio station of Fortress Przemyśl see also Romanov dynasty, Russian army Russian army ambition to annex and refashion Galicia no-12 anti-Semitism 117-24, 2-2-2-՜3» 224-7 17» 44» 148-50» !7i» 2-ої Radymno 126, 154, 218 rations, soldiers’ 71, 98, 161-2, 166, 167, 175, 183-4, 188, 192, 194, 218, 219 Rawa Ruska 39, 42, 43, 47 Reder von Schellmann, Major Ferdinand 185 Redl, Colonel Alfred, 29 refugees 24, 63, 118, 150, 232, 234 see also evacuation of civilians Reininghaus, Gina von 25, 43, 131, 169 Remarque, Erich Maria 15-16, 18 Rokietnica 154 Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholics 4, 8-9, 112, 115, 236 Romanov dynasty 3, in, 122 Romer, Colonel Jan 32-4 Rotter, Abraham 231 rumours and fantasies 37, 45, 64, 66, 71» 76, 94» 103,107, 122,133 137» 138,139, 145» Мб, 165, 17З» 194» 202, 214, 224, 227 Russia Council of Ministers 120, 123 pogroms against Jews in 1903-6 119 Revolution of 1905-6 98, 118, 119, 242, 243, 244 Revolution of 1917 16, 220 treatment of prisoners of war 172, 215-21 War aims in 344 anti-Ukrainian actions 112-17, 224, 243 armies: Third: 31, 42, 73, 78, 81, 83, 108, 124, 126, 154, 227-8; Fourth: 43, 128; Fifth 31, 43, 44; Eighth: 31, 42, 81, 83, 108, 126, 190; Ninth: 43; Blockade (Eleventh): 81-2, 87, 94, 97, 108-9, 126, 134, 157, 175, 180, 202, 209, 214, 246 artillery 32, 76, 81-6, 89-95, 97» 105, 107-8, 127, 133, 175, 202-3, 221, 245 brigades: 3rd Rifle: 82, 94, 95, 97, 245; 48th Militia: 201 casualties 31, 86, 109 cavalry, 42, 73, 74, 81, 82, 94, 125-6, 134, 152, 245
see also Cossacks conscription system 243-4 corps: IX: 73; X: 73; XI: 73 deportations of Jews 122-4 divisions: 9th Cavalry: 94; 12th: 81, 89, 245; 19th: 81, 89, 90, 97, 98, 106, 109, 245; 58th Reserve: 89, 97, 200, 201-2; 60th Reserve: 97; 69th Reserve: 83, 94, 97, 98, 99, 107; 78th Reserve: 89; 81st Reserve: 172, 210; 82nd Reserve: 89, 95, 158 leadership, see Stavka manpower 26, 244-5
INDEX regiments: Crimean Infantry Regiment 73: 103; Infantry Regiment 274: 97 training and tactics 33, 85-6, 89-90,97-9, 185, 242-5 Russophiles ii, 15, 45, 63-7, 70, 112, 116, 120, 122, 173, 176, 221, 223, 228 Ruthenes accusations of treachery 45, 63-8, 70, 173* 176 cultural life 10-11, 14 discontent in the Fortress garrison 84, 176-80, 216 discrimination against in peace 14, 231 persecution by Habsburg army 45-6, 63-8, 70, 213 Russified and persecuted by the Russian army 112-17, 224 as soldiers 38, 70, 76-7, 84, 87, 100, 103, 128, 172, 176-8, 180-81, 216 see also garrison units of Fortress Przemyśl Landsturm Infantry Regiment 18 see also Russophiles, Ukrainians Rzeszów 76, 126 Saint Pölten 71 Salis-Soglio, General Daniel 55 Sambor 155, 190 San River 5, 9, 10, ii, 12, 29, 43, 44, 46, 47, 54, 73, 75, x26, 128, 129, 130, I3I, 137, 154, 155, Iť 8, 205, 206, 207, 208, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234 Sanok 65, 108, 155, 210 Sarajevo 15, 21, 27, 72 Saratov 18 Schmelkes, Rabbi Gedalyah 225 schools io, 14, 22, 114, 138, 222, 223, 224 Schwalb, Colonel Hans 204-5 Seide, Major-General Rudolf 156 Seiler, Ensign Hans 100, 103-5 Selivanov, General Andrei 157, 209 Serbia 27-9, 35, 72, 149 sexual relations 141-7 Shcherbachev, Lieutenant-General Dmitry Grigorevich 81-4, 87, 89-90, 94-5, 97, 108 Sheptits’kyi, Archbishop Andrei 113, 115, 180 Siberia 16, 114, 136, 216, 217, 222, 245 Sichynsky, Miroslav 14 Siedliska 55, 82-4, 86-7, 89-90, 92·, 97-9, 106-7, 160 Sieniawa 155 Soviet Union 3, 232 annexation of former Polish territory 233 deportations and mass murder 113, 233-4, 23б spying, see
espionage Stalin, Joseph 3, 234 Stanger, Flying Officer Rudolf 207 starvation 3, 165, 179, 184-5, 2I2, 218 230, 234, 235 Stavka 81, 109, 119-20, 128, 212, 227 Stenitzer, Medical Officer Richard von 138, 153 Stock, Jan Jakub 17, 22, 152, 165 suicide 29, 105, 213, 224 Sukhomlinov, General Vladimir III Švrljuga, Lieutenant Janko 99-100, 102-3, x°fi 345
INDEX St Petersburg 114, 117, 2IŞ, 222 Szathmáry, Colonel Géza von 199-200 Szopa, Stanislaw 165 Sztödola, Major Johann 199 Szybenica summit 155 Vienna 6, 12, 17-19, 51, 71, 99, 105, 130, 175-6, 212, 214 Vistula River 5, 81,125-6,128-9 Vit, Lieutenant Jan 16-19, 87, 107, 183, 195, 197, 200 Vladimir of Kiev 4 Vladivostok 17 Volga River 16,18 Volksdeutsche 234 Vorarlberg 71 T4 ‘Euthanasia Programme’ 18 Tábori Újság (fortress newspaper) 72-3, 149, 179-80 Tamásy von Fogaras, LieutenantGeneral Árpád 69-70, 75, 78-9, i55 175» 198-zoo, 202, 204 Tannenberg, Battle of 125 Tartars 4, 13, 24 Teschen 169 Thalerhof Concentration (Internment) Camp 64 theatre 13, 14, 140 Tomann, Medical Officer Josef 184 Treaty of London 215 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 220 Trentino 169 Trepov, General Dmitry F. 119 Trieste 17 Turkestan 219 typhus 21, 219 Tyrol 18, 71, 169 Ukrainians (see also Ruthenes) 10-11, 63, 64, 114, X15, 124 coups of November 1918 in Lwów and Przemyśl 18, 231 nationalist organizations 112, 113 terrorism 14, 231, 236 Union of Brest 114 Uzbekistan 17, 219 Uzsok Pass 125, 168-9 ( »ÂSη Á Waitzendorfer, Lieutenant- General Karl 191, 196-8, 201-2, 204 Wapowce 171 Warsaw 126 Washburn, Stanley 217 Weber, Major-General Alfred 108 Wereszyca River 38-9, 43-4 West Ukrainian Republic 231 Wierzbowski, Police Inspector Eugen 222 Wilcza training ground 73, 84 Wiik, Aniela, 144-5 Wilson, President Woodrow 231 Winna Góra 148, 181 Witte, Prime Minister Sergei in Wodzicki, Count Jerzy 50 Yevreinov, Sergei Dmitriyevich 221 Yiddish n, 51, 225-6 Zasanie suburb of Przemyśl 11-13, 30, 207, 230, 232, 235 Ziemia
Przemyska (newspaper) 149-51 Zielińska, Ella, 145-6 Zipser, Major Vinzenz 50, 52, 85, 195 Złoczów 32, 52 Zubrytsky, Father Mykhailo 64 346
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Watson, Alexander 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1050271874 |
| author_facet | Watson, Alexander 1979- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Watson, Alexander 1979- |
| author_variant | a w aw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046173127 |
| classification_rvk | NP 4450 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1125193599 (DE-599)BVBBV046173127 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV046173127 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:37:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780241309063 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031552834 |
| oclc_num | 1125193599 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | xxii, 346 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Plan, Porträt |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20191202 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Allen Lane |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Watson, Alexander 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1050271874 aut The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl Alexander Watson London Allen Lane 2019 xxii, 346 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Plan, Porträt txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Belagerung von Przemyśl (DE-588)4398747-3 gnd rswk-swf Belagerung von Przemyśl (DE-588)4398747-3 s DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/a855cdc61f4249248d0dc3a617c4d044 rezensiert in: Hungarian Historical Review, 2020, 2, S. 369-372 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Watson, Alexander 1979- The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl Belagerung von Przemyśl (DE-588)4398747-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4398747-3 |
| title | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl |
| title_auth | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl |
| title_exact_search | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl |
| title_full | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl Alexander Watson |
| title_fullStr | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl Alexander Watson |
| title_full_unstemmed | The fortress the great siege of Przemyśl Alexander Watson |
| title_short | The fortress |
| title_sort | the fortress the great siege of przemysl |
| title_sub | the great siege of Przemyśl |
| topic | Belagerung von Przemyśl (DE-588)4398747-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Belagerung von Przemyśl |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/a855cdc61f4249248d0dc3a617c4d044 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031552834&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT watsonalexander thefortressthegreatsiegeofprzemysl |