Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia: a high-resolution analysis approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bochum
VML Verlag Marie Leidorf
2019
Rahden, Westf 2019 |
| Schriftenreihe: | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum
Nr. 231 Der Anschnitt. Beiheft 41 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Ausführliche Beschreibung Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 218 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9783867570336 |
Internformat
MARC
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 003 | DE-604 | ||
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| 016 | 7 | |a 1191495795 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783867570336 |9 978-3-86757-033-6 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Salzmann, Eveline |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1051231442 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a The Royal cemetery of Ur |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia |b a high-resolution analysis approach |c Eveline Salzmann |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bochum |c 2019 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Rahden, Westf |b VML Verlag Marie Leidorf |c 2019 | |
| 300 | |a 218 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum |v Nr. 231 | |
| 490 | 1 | |a Der Anschnitt. Beiheft |v 41 | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main |d 2017 | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kupfer |0 (DE-588)4033734-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bronze |0 (DE-588)4146667-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Silber |0 (DE-588)4133759-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bronzezeit |0 (DE-588)4008357-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Archäometrie |0 (DE-588)4130392-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Metallfund |0 (DE-588)4128496-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Ur |0 (DE-588)4062072-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Mesopotamien |0 (DE-588)4038788-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Kupfer |0 (DE-2581)TH000007690 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Ur |0 (DE-2581)TH000003406 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Silber |0 (DE-2581)TH000007698 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Bronze |0 (DE-2581)TH000007684 |2 gbd | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Ur |0 (DE-588)4062072-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Metallfund |0 (DE-588)4128496-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Archäometrie |0 (DE-588)4130392-1 |D s |
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Mesopotamien |0 (DE-588)4038788-4 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Bronzezeit |0 (DE-588)4008357-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Silber |0 (DE-588)4133759-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Kupfer |0 (DE-588)4033734-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 4 | |a Bronze |0 (DE-588)4146667-6 |D s |
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| 830 | 0 | |a Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum |v Nr. 231 |w (DE-604)BV021607779 |9 231 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Der Anschnitt. Beiheft |v 41 |w (DE-604)BV002812342 |9 41 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804180438433923072 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENT
PREFACE
..........................................................................................................................................................................
9
1
THE
*
UR-PROJECT
*
-
MAIN
GOALS
..........................................................................................................................
11
2
THE
FERTILE
CRESCENT
-
CRADLE
OF
CIVILISATION
...................................................................................................
13
3
UR
-
THE
SITE
.........................................................................................................................................................
15
3.1
LOCATION,
HISTORIC
SIGNIFICANCE,
AND
TRIVIA
...................................................................................................
15
3.2
EXCAVATIONS
.................................................................................................................................................
16
3.3
THE
ANALYSED
ARTEFACTS.
..............................................................................................................................
20
3.3.1
THE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONTEXT
OF
THE
SAMPLED
COPPER-BASED
ARTEFACTS
.........................................
20
3.3.1.1
.
URUK
.................................................................................................................................................
20
3.3.1.2
.
JEMDET
NASR/EARLY
DYNASTIC
1
..........................................................................................................
20
3.3.1.3
.
EARLY
DYNASTIC
III
............................................................................................................................
20
3.3.1.4
.
AKKADIAN
........................................................................................................................................
22
3.3.1.5
.
UR
III
.................................................................................................................................................
23
3.3.1.6
.
LATE
UR
III
TO
ISIN-LARSA
..................................................................................................................
23
3.3.1.7
.
EARLY
IRON
AGE
.................................................................................................................................
23
3.3.1.8
.
WITHOUT
CONTEXT
..............................................................................................................................
23
3.3.2
THE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONTEXT
OF
THE
SAMPLED
SILVER
ARTEFACTS
.......................................................
23
4
RESOURCE
PROCUREMENT
AND
TRADE
ROUTES
IN
3RD
MILLENNIUM
BCE
UR
........................................................
25
5
A
COMPREHENSIVE
GIS-BASED
GEOLOGICAL,
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
AND
ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL
DATABASE
...........
27
6
GEODYNAMIC
SETTINGS
OF
COPPER,
SILVER
AND
TIN
OCCURRENCES
IN
THE
NEAR
AND
MIDDLE
EAST
....................
31
6.1
ANATOLIA
.......................................................................................................................................................
31
6.2
CAUCASUS
.....................................................................
...
..........................................................................
33
6.3
LEVANT
AND
SINAI
...............................................
.....................................................................................
34
6.4
EASTERN
DESERT
OF
EGYPT
..............................................................................................................................
34
6.5 IRANIAN
PLATEAU
AND
ZAGROS
MOUNTAINS
..................
34
6.6
MAKAN
-
OMAN
AND
DILMUN
-
EAST
COAST
OF
ARABIAN
PENINSULA
....................................................................
35
6.7
CENTRAL
ASIA
AND
HIMALAYAS
........................................................................................................................
36
6.7.1
PRECAMBRIAN
TO
PALAEOZOIC
GEODYNAMICS
.................................
36
6.7.2
MESOZOIC
OPHIOLITES
AND
VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY
....................................................................................
37
6.7.3
CENOZOIC
HIMALAYAN
OROGENY
ASSOCIATED
UNITS
..........................................................................
37
6.8
THE
INDUS
VALLEY
AND
ARAVALLI-DELHI
RANGE
IN
NW
INDIA
................................
37
7
METHODS:
ELECTRON
MICROPROBE
ANALYSIS
.........................................................................................................
39
7.1
REQUIREMENTS
AND
PROCEDURE
...................................................................................................................
39
7.2
LIMITATIONS
...................................................................................................................................................
39
7.3
SAMPLE
PREPARATION
....................................................................................................................................
39
7.4
ELECTRON
MICROPROBE
ANALYSIS
...................................................................................................................
39
8
METHODS:
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
.............................................................................................................................
43
8.1
REQUIREMENTS
AND
PROCEDURE
.....................................................................................................................
43
8.2
SAMPLE
PREPARATION
...................................................................................................................................43
8.3
LASERABLATION
................................................................................................................................................43
8.3.2
LEAD
ISOTOPES
...............................................................................................................................45
8.3.2.1
.
MASS
BIAS
CORRECTION
WITH
TL
(SOLUTION)
...........................................................................................
46
8.3.2.2
.
STANDARD-SAMPLE
BRACKETING
(LASERABLATION)
.................................................................................
46
8.3.2.3
.
MATRIX
CORRECTION
WITH
THE
EXPONENTIAL
LAW
.....................................................................................
46
8.3.3
COPPER
ISOTOPES
.............................................................................................................................
47
8.3.4
DESTRUCTIVE
LASERABLATION
....
48
8.4
WET
CHEMICAL
MEASUREMENTS
OF
PB
AND
CU
ISOTOPES
...............................................................................
48
8.4.1
WET
CHEMICAL
PB
ISOTOPE
MEASUREMENTS
.....................................................................................
48
8.4.2
WET
CHEMICAL
CU
ISOTOPE
MEASUREMENTS
....................................................................................
49
8.5
ACCURACY
AND
PRECISION
-
LASERABLATION
IN
COMPARISON
WITH
WET
CHEMICAL
MEASUREMENTS
......................
49
8.6
GRAPHICS
........................................................................................................................................................
52
9
BEGINNINGS
OF
COPPER
METALLURGY
.......................................................................................................................
53
9.1
THE
EMERGENCE
OF
COPPER
BASE
METAL
AND
ITS
ALLOYS
.................................................................................
53
9.1.1
11TH
TO
9TH
MILLENNIUM
BCE
...........................................................................................................
53
9.1.2
8TH
TO
7TH
MILLENNIUM
BCE
............................................................................................................
53
9.1.3
6TH
MILLENNIUM
BCE
.......................................................................................................................
53
9.1.4
5TH
TO
4TH
MILLENNIUM
BCE
............................................................................................................
54
9.1.5
3RD
MILLENNIUM
BCE
.......................................................................................................................
55
9.2
COPPER
ORES
..................................................................................................................................................
57
9.2.1
EARLY
UNALLOYED
COPPER:
NATIVE
COPPER
VERSUS
SMELTED
COPPER
ORES
FROM
OXIDATION
ZONES
.
.
57
9.3
SMELTING
OF
COPPER
ORES
.............................................................................................................................
59
9.3.1
SMELTING
OF
OXIDIC
COPPER
ORES
....................................................................................................
59
9.3.2
SMELTING
OF
SULPHIDE
ORES
............................................................................................................
60
9.3.3
SMELTING
OF
ARSENICAL
COPPER
........................................................................................................
60
9.3.4
SMELTING
OF
COPPER
AND
TIN
............................................................................................................
61
9.4
THE
*
TIN
PROBLEM
*
.......................................................................................................................................
62
10
THE
COPPER-BASED
ARTEFACTS:
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
...................................................................................
63
10.1
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
...................................................................................................................................
63
10.1.1
RESULTS:
ELECTRON
MICROPROBE
ANALYSIS
.........................................................................................
63
10.1.1.1
DIFFERING
ALLOYS
AND
METALS
BY
THEIR
MAIN
ELEMENTS
.........................................................................
63
10.1.1.2
HOMOGENEITY
OF
COPPER-BASED
METAL
ARTEFACTS
...............................................................................
64
10.1.2
DISCUSSION:
THE
MAIN
ELEMENTS
....................................................................................................
65
10.1.2.1
THE
CHEMISTRY
OF
THE
INCLUSIONS
......................................................................................................
68
10.1.3
RESULTS:
TRACE
ELEMENTS
-
NANOSECOND-LASERABLATION-SC-ICP-MS
.............................................
68
10.1.3.1
THE
BULK
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
OF
THE
COPPER-BASED
ARTEFACTS
......................................................
69
10.1.4
DISCUSSION:
TRACE
ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
..............................................................................................
71
10.1.5
IMPLICATIONS
OF
THE
CHEMISTRY
ON
THE
ORE
SOURCE
........................................................................
73
10.1.5.1
INTENTIONAL
ALLOYING
OF
TIN
BRONZE
......................................................................................................
75
10.2
ISOTOPE
ANALYSIS
...........................................................................................................................................
77
10.2.1
RESULTS:
COPPER
ISOTOPES
-
FS-LASERABLATION-MC-ICP-MS
AND
SOLUTION
MC-ICP-MS
..............
77
10.2.2
DISCUSSION:
CU
ISOTOPES
................................................................................................................
77
10.2.3
RESULTS:
LEAD
ISOTOPES
-
LASERABLATION-MC-ICP-MS
AND
SOLUTION
MC-ICP-MS
......................
78
10.2.4
DISCUSSION:
LEAD
ISOTOPES
...........................................................................................................
78
10.3
COMPARISON
OF
POTENTIAL
RAW
MATERIAL
SOURCES
WITH
THE
UR
COPPER-BASED
METAL
..................................
81
10.3.1
PROVENANCE
OF
THE
AS-NI-COPPER
.................................................................................................
81
10.3.2
PROVENANCE
OF
THE
TIN
BRONZES
.....................................................................................................
83
10.3.3
PROVENANCE
OF
THE
PURE
COPPER
ARTEFACT
31-17-352T
................................................................
86
11
THE
COPPER-BASED
ARTEFACTS:
CONCLUSION
.......................................................................................................
87
12
BEGINNINGS
OF
SILVER
METALLURGY
........................................................................................................................
89
12.1
LEAD-
AND
SILVER
ORES
................................................................................................................................
89
12.2
SMELTING
OF
POLYMETALLIC
ORES
....................................................................................................................
90
12.2.1
ROAST
REDUCTION
PROCESS:
.............................................................................................................
90
12.2.2
ROAST
REACTION
PROCESS:
................................................................................................................
91
12.2.3
SMELTING
PROCESS:
........................................................................................................................
91
12.3
CUPELLATION
OF
SILVER
..................................................................................................................................
91
13
THE
SILVER
ARTEFACTS:
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
.................................................................................................
93
13.1
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
..................................................................................................................................
93
13.1.1
RESULTS:
ELECTRON
MICROPROBE
ANALYSIS
.........................................................................................
93
13.1.2
DISCUSSION:
THE
MAIN
ELEMENTS
...................................................................................
93
13.1.3
RESULTS:
TRACE
ELEMENTS
-
NANOSECOND-LASERABLATION-SC-ICP-MS
......................................................................................................
95
13.1.4
DISCUSSION:
TRACE
ELEMENTS
.........................................................................................................
95
13.2
ISOTOPE
ANALYSIS
...........................................................................................................................................
98
13.2.1
RESULTS:
COPPER
ISOTOPES
-
FS-LASERABLATION-
AND
SOLUTION-MC-ICP-MS
.........................................
98
13.2.2
DISCUSSION:
COPPER
ISOTOPES
.......................................................................................................
98
13.2.3
RESULTS:
LEAD
ISOTOPES
-
MC-ICP-MS
.........................................................................................
101
13.2.4
DISCUSSION:
LEAD
ISOTOPES
.........................................................................................................
101
13.3
COMPARISON
OF
POTENTIAL
RAW
MATERIAL
SOURCES
WITH
THE
UR
SILVER
METAL
...............................................
102
13.3.1
THE
ORE
TYPE
.................................................................................................................................
102
13.3.2
COMPARING
PB
ISOTOPE
SIGNATURES
OF
ORES
WITH
THE
SILVER
ARTEFACTS
.........................................
102
14
THE
SILVER
ARTEFACTS:
CONCLUSION
....................................................................................................................
107
15
CONCLUSIONS
.......................................................................................................................................................
109
16
ABSTRACT
/
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
..........................................................................................................................
113
17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
........................................................................................................................................................
119
A
METHODS
..............................................................................................................................................................
129
A.1
DOCUMENTATION
OF
CHANGES
IN
ELECTRON-MICROPROBE
MEASUREMENT
CONDITIONS
.........................................
129
A.2
R-SCRIPT
FOR
PB
ISOTOPE
EVALUATION
.........................................................................................................
130
B
ANALYTICAL
RESULTS
.............................................................................................................................................
135
B.1
ELECTRON
MICROPROBE
RESULTS
.......................................................................................................................
136
B.2
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
RESULTS
.........................................................................................................................
140
B.3
COPPER
ISOTOPE
ANALYSIS
.............................................................................................................................
144
B.4
LEAD
ISOTOPE
ANALYSIS
........................................................................................
145
C
CATALOGUE
............................................................................................................................................................
149
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Salzmann, Eveline |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1051231442 |
| author_facet | Salzmann, Eveline |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Salzmann, Eveline |
| author_variant | e s es |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046122473 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1128 NG 4080 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1110714052 (DE-599)DNB1191495795 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Ur (DE-588)4062072-4 gnd Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ur Mesopotamien |
| id | DE-604.BV046122473 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:35:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065031947 |
| isbn | 9783867570336 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031502931 |
| oclc_num | 1110714052 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-M157 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-M157 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 |
| physical | 218 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| psigel | gbd_4_2108 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | VML Verlag Marie Leidorf |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Der Anschnitt. Beiheft |
| series2 | Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Der Anschnitt. Beiheft |
| spelling | Salzmann, Eveline Verfasser (DE-588)1051231442 aut The Royal cemetery of Ur Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach Eveline Salzmann Bochum 2019 Rahden, Westf VML Verlag Marie Leidorf 2019 218 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Nr. 231 Der Anschnitt. Beiheft 41 Dissertation Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 2017 Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Bronze (DE-588)4146667-6 gnd rswk-swf Silber (DE-588)4133759-1 gnd rswk-swf Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd rswk-swf Archäometrie (DE-588)4130392-1 gnd rswk-swf Metallfund (DE-588)4128496-3 gnd rswk-swf Ur (DE-588)4062072-4 gnd rswk-swf Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kupfer (DE-2581)TH000007690 gbd Ur (DE-2581)TH000003406 gbd Silber (DE-2581)TH000007698 gbd Bronze (DE-2581)TH000007684 gbd Ur (DE-588)4062072-4 g Metallfund (DE-588)4128496-3 s Archäometrie (DE-588)4130392-1 s DE-604 Mesopotamien (DE-588)4038788-4 g Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 s Silber (DE-588)4133759-1 s Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 s Bronze (DE-588)4146667-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s VML Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH (DE-588)1065031947 pbl Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Nr. 231 (DE-604)BV021607779 231 Der Anschnitt. Beiheft 41 (DE-604)BV002812342 41 X:MVB text/html https://www.vml.de/d/detail.php?ISBN=978-3-86757-032-9 2019-07-31 Verlag Ausführliche Beschreibung DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031502931&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Salzmann, Eveline Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum Der Anschnitt. Beiheft Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bronze (DE-588)4146667-6 gnd Silber (DE-588)4133759-1 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd Archäometrie (DE-588)4130392-1 gnd Metallfund (DE-588)4128496-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033734-0 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4146667-6 (DE-588)4133759-1 (DE-588)4008357-3 (DE-588)4130392-1 (DE-588)4128496-3 (DE-588)4062072-4 (DE-588)4038788-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach |
| title_alt | The Royal cemetery of Ur |
| title_auth | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach |
| title_exact_search | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach |
| title_full | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach Eveline Salzmann |
| title_fullStr | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach Eveline Salzmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia a high-resolution analysis approach Eveline Salzmann |
| title_short | Silver, copper and bronze in early dynastic Ur, Mesopotamia |
| title_sort | silver copper and bronze in early dynastic ur mesopotamia a high resolution analysis approach |
| title_sub | a high-resolution analysis approach |
| topic | Kupfer (DE-588)4033734-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bronze (DE-588)4146667-6 gnd Silber (DE-588)4133759-1 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd Archäometrie (DE-588)4130392-1 gnd Metallfund (DE-588)4128496-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kupfer Funde Bronze Silber Bronzezeit Archäometrie Metallfund Ur Mesopotamien Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://www.vml.de/d/detail.php?ISBN=978-3-86757-032-9 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031502931&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021607779 (DE-604)BV002812342 |
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