Making peace with referendums: Cyprus and Northern Ireland
"This manuscript presents the first in-depth comparative study of peace referendums, demonstrating that the way peace negotiations are conducted has an impact on referendum outcomes. Specifically, Amaral compares the Annan Plan negotiations in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) negotiat...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse University Press
2019
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Syracuse studies on peace and conflict resolution
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This manuscript presents the first in-depth comparative study of peace referendums, demonstrating that the way peace negotiations are conducted has an impact on referendum outcomes. Specifically, Amaral compares the Annan Plan negotiations in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) negotiations in Northern Ireland. The underlying aim is to uncover how peace negotiations can favor broad support for peace settlements and potentially avoid a failed referendum"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 179 Seiten 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780815636243 0815636245 9780815636427 0815636423 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations 1. Peace Negotiations and Peace Agreement Referendums ix xv xvii i 2. How Peace Negotiations Shape Agreement Referendums 16 3. The Case Studies 31 4. The Annan Plan Experience in Cyprus so 5. The Good Friday Agreement Experience in Northern Ireland 78 6. Comparing the Cypriot and Northern Irish Experiences 104 7. A New Paradigm in Peace Negotiations 122 Conclusion 137 Bibliography Index 14s 169
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Index accountability, arbitration and, 57, 75-76, 106-7; effects of civil society on, 25, 126; mandate referendums and, 7,131-32; political elites and, 25, 114; political inclusion and, 114; public opinion and, 7, 123; secrecy and, 38, 76,123 agreement design: content vs. process information, 117-21; political parties and, 17, 26-27; research design and, 43, 47; success vs. failure of, 17-18, 27, 37, 40-41, 124-25, 128-29; voters and, 8-9, 16-17 agreement referendum results, as negotiation outcomes, 6, 14-15, 21-22 Ahern, Bertie, 84, 86 AKEL (Progressive Party of the Working People), 53, 63-65, 112, 120 Akinei, Mustafa, 61-62, 65, 73, 127 Alderdice, John, 82, 88, 92, 95 Alliance Party, 81-82, 85, 88, 89-90, 105 All-Party Talks, 78, 82, 83, 87, 89, xoo Anastasiades-Akinci negotiations, 127 Anglo-Irish Agreement, 36, 78 Angola, 2, 2Ո1 Annan, Kofi, 35, 50, 53-55, 60, 67, 73 Annan Plan (Cyprus), 31-49, 50-77; background of, 35, 69-70; civil society mobiliza tion and, 66-69, 76, 115-17; comparisons to GFA, 36-43, 104-21, 122-23; complex ity of, 73-74; conditions of, 69-75; contextual factors affecting, 28; design of, 40-41; early stages of, 50-56; failure vs. success of, 7, 28, 37-41, 42, 51, 70-71, 75֊77, 104-21, 113-14; legacy of, 122-36; mediation strategies, 36, 50-52, 57, 58, 104, 107, no, 129; political inclusion and, 62֊66, 105, 107-8, in-15; referendum results and turnout, 37, 40, 42, 44, 56, X25; secrecy and, 37-38,
170 Index Annan Plan (Cyprus) {cont) 56-62, 76, 77, 104-6, 107, 110; socioeconomic factors and, 29. See also specific politi cal party or organization arbitration: accountability and, 57, 75-76, io6֊7; failure and, 37-38; as strategy, 44, 54՜55, 5б֊б2, 71-72 Aughey, Arthur, 97 Azerbaijan, 8 Balkan War, 35 Beardsley, Kyle, 20-21 Belfast Agreement. See Good Friday Agreement (GFA) Belfast News Letter (newspaper), 100 Belfast Telegraph (newspaper), 100 Bercovitch, Jacob, 1-2 Bicesse agreement, 2 Blair, Tony, 84, 86-87, 98-99, 102 bombings, 33-34, 79 Bosnia, 130 Brexit, 134-35 British Broadcasting Cooperation (BBC), 88 British colonialism, 31 Canary Wharf, London, 79 cease-fires, 1-2, 32, 36, 79, 83 Christofias, Demetris, 53, 63-64 civil society inclusion: account ability and, 25, 126; impor tance of, 4-5, 7, 12, 18, 24-26, 37, 39-40, ІІ5-І7, 126-28; legitimacy and, 4-5, 24-25; mobilization of, 61-62, 66-69, 74-75, 76, 93-96,101,102; parameters of, 47; public participation as, 47; research design and, 43, 46-47; studies and surveys of, 126; sustainability of peace and, 4. See also specific organization Clarke, Liam, 100 derides, Glafkos, 50, 64 Clinton administration, 36, 79 Close, Seamus, 82, 85 Cohen, Asher, 42 Colombia, 5, 6, 7, 123-24, 127, 128, 129 Communal Liberation Party (TKP), 61-62 communication facilitation: Annan Plan and, 107, 129; civil society and, 25, 40; GFA and, iox; as mediation strategy, 18, 19-20, 44-45; secrecy and, 87 confidentiality, 85-89, no, 127 conflict management, 3-4, 5 conflict resolution, 3-4, 5, 6, 21, 132 Congo, 24 consociationalism, 26,
36,124 Copenhagen European Council Summit, 52 credibility, 7, 76, 85, 131 Crimea, 8 crisis abatement, 20-21 CTP (Republican Turkish Party), 54, 55
Index CYBC (TV), 60 Cyprus: buffer zone, 32, 43, 54, 59; frozen conflict in, 43; ori gins of conflict in, 31-34, 59; post-Cold War, 35Ш. See ako Annan Plan (Cyprus); Greek Cypriots; Turkish Cypriots Czech Republic, 8 Davenport, Mark, 88 Dayton Agreements, 35, 130 decolonization, 31, 59 Demetriou, Panayiotis, 72 Democratic Centre Party, 124 Democratic Party (DIKO), 53, 63-64, 65, 70, 71 Democratic Party (DP), 54, 65-66, 73,108 Democratic Rally (DISY), 50, 52-53, 64-66, 68, 72, 108, 112,120 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 39, 80, 83, 85, 89, 91-92,102, II2-I3 Denktash, Rauf: accountability and, 107; campaign rhetoric of, 61, 70, 114; Copenhagen Summit and, 52; misinforma tion campaign of, 128-29; sidelining of, 38, 39, 108-9, 113-14; strategies and tactics of, 50-62, 63, 65, 67, 71-7З, 107, 112 Denktash, Serdar, 54, 65-66, 73, 108 Denmark, 13 De Soto, Alvaro: Akinei and, 65; civil society meetings with, 171 67; media climate and, 60; mediating role of, 35, 36, 45, 5°; public support and, 73; strategies and tactics of, 50-51, 58, 104 directive (manipulative) strate gies, 18-20, 21, IIO-II, 135 Dixon, Paul, 98-99 Donaldson, Jeffrey, 85 Downing Street Declaration, 36 durability, 2-3, 20, 25, 90 Durham, Helen, 12, 22-23 East Timor, 6, 8-9, 132 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 24֊25 EDEK (Movement for Social Democracy), 53, 63 EDI (United Democrats), 50, 64, 68, 71, 72 Egypt, 18-19 Elcil, Sener, 61 elites. See political elites Empey, Reg, 95, 119 enduring rivalries, 3-4 enosis, 31, 32 Epaminondas, Marios, 58-59, 73, 119 Erdoğan, Recep, 55, 76, 109 Erei, Ali,
67, 119 ethnonational conflicts, 8-9 European Community (EC), 34-35 European Constitution referen dum, 28 Europeanization, 8
172 Index FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), 6, 123-24 Farren, Sean, 83-84, 88, 94 formal agreements, 20-21 Forum, Peace (Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue), 79-82, 94, 131 France, 13 Franklin’s Theory, 12-13 FRELIMO (Mozambique Liber ation Front), 25Ո2 full settlements, 18 36-43, 104-21, 122-23; decommissioning issue, 38, 79, 84, 87, 96, 99, 107-8, 120, 133; design of, 16-17, 40-41; implementation issues, 97Ո4; legacy of, 122-36; mediation strategies, 36, 38, 82-84, 85, 101,104, 105, no; negotiation principles, 82-84; political inclusion and, 89-93, 101-2, 105, in-15; referendum results and turn out, 42, 44, 85, 87; secrecy and, 85-89, 105, no; success of, 16-17, 37-41, 42, 70, 85, 93, 95, 98, 101-3, 104-21, 124. See also specific political party or organization Greece, military junta in, 32 Greek Cypriots: buffer zone and, 32,43, 54, 59; enosis and, 31, 32; EU accession and, 29, 35, 50-56, 77, 134; majority sta tus of, 34; origins of conflict, 31-34, 59. See also Annan Plan (Cyprus); specific political party or organization Guatemala, 7,14, 17, 28, 29, 123 Ginty, Mac, 9, 14, 17, 23, 28 Good Friday Agreement (GFA), 31-49, 78-103; ambiguity of, 96-101, 103; background of, 31-37, 78-85; civil society mobilization and, 93-96, 101, 102, 105, 115-17; compar isons to the Annan Plan, Haass, Richard N., 26-27 Hadjidemetriou, Takis, 71 Hadjipavlou, Maria, 59, 68 Hajiroussos, Antonis, 125 Hayes, Bernadette C., 102, 118 Holbrooke, Richard, 35, 52 Horowitz, Donald L., 89 Hume, John, 81, 99 European Union (EU): Brexit, 134-35; Cypriot accession to, 29, 35,
38, 50-56, 77, 134; Czech Republic and, 8; growth of, 34-35; Ireland’s accession to, 35-36; Nether lands and, 28; Norway and, 29; Poland and, 29; Swit zerland and, 29; Turkey’s accession to, 55, 70; United Kingdom’s accession to, Յ5-36, 134-35 exit polls, 40
Index inclusivity, 4-5, 23-26, 28, 39, 45-47, 124-25. See also civil society inclusion; political inclusion Indigenous Rights Accords (Gua temala), 7, 14 Indonesia, 8-9 information. See public information insecurity, 28 institutional design, 124-25 intangible outcomes, 1 International Body on Arms Decommissioning, 79 internet, role of, 11-12 Inter-Religious Council on Libe ria, 25 м Iraq, 7, 28, 125 Ireland, 31-34, 37, 79, 81, 82-83, 92, 98. See also specific agreement; specific political party or organization Irish Nationalists: minority status of, 34, 102; origins of conflict in, 31-34. See also Good Friday Agreement (GFA); specific political party or organization Irish News (newspaper), 100 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 33 Irish Unionists: majority status of, 34, 102; origins of conflict in, 31-34. See also Good Fri day Agreement (GFA); specific political party or organization Irvine, Winston, 87, 99 Israel, 18-19, 22, 130 173 journalism, 58-60, 74, 88-89, IOO-IOI, 105 Kaymak, Erol, 121 Kenya, 24 Kilmurray, Avila, 85, 91 “kin-states,” 45, 108-9 Kissinger, Henry, 18-19 Kocadal, Özker, 109 KTOS (Turkish Cypriot Teachers Union), 61 Kurds, 125 Leave Campaign, 134-35 Leduc, Lawrence, 13 Lee, Sung Yong, 14, 17, 23, 28 legitimacy: civil society inclusion and, 4-5, 24-25; mandate referendums and, 7, 131, 132; political inclusion and, 125-26, 136; secrecy and, 76; voter turnout and, 29, 42, 85, IOI leverage, as tactic, 18-19, 21 Liberia, 24-25 Liberian Bar Association, 25m Liberian Diaspora, 25m Liberians United for Reconcilia tion and Democracy (LURD), 25м Listhaug, Ola, 29
Loizides, Neophytos, 28-29 Londono, Rodrigo, 124 Loyalist Volunteer Force, 92 LTDH (Tunisian Human Rights League), 25Ո3
174 Index Lubbers, M., 28 Lusaka agreement, 2 Maastricht Treaty, 13 Maginness, Alban, 87, 98 Mallon, Seamus, 100 mandate referendums, 7, 130-31 manipulative (directive) strate gies, 18-20, 21, no-11, 135 Mano River Women’s Peace Net work, 25м Markides, Aléeos, 52 Marxist Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 88; personal characteristics of, 85-86; on procedural rules, 83-84; sidelining of, 86; strat egies and tactics of, 38, 39, 45, 85-86, 104 Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), 25Ш, 65 Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK), 53, 63 Mozambican National Resis tance, 25Ո2 Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), 25Ո2 Multi-Party Talks, 78, 89, 94 2Ո1 Maskey, Alex, 88 McAllister, Ian, 102, 118 McCartney, Robert, 80, 92 McGarry, John, 16-17, 46 McWilliams Monica, 94 media, 11-12, 74, 88-89, 121, 139. See also public informa tion; specific media media leaks, 36, 88-89 mediation strategies: impact of, 38, 39,45, 50-51, 58, 85-86, 104-11; pure vs. power mediation, 20; research design and, 43, 44-45; studies on effectiveness of, 1-6, 18-20, 104; types of, 18-23, 44-45, no, 123. See also arbitration; specific strategy Michael, Michális Stavrou, 38 Middle East, post-Cold War importance, 35Ш Mitchell, George: appointments of, 79, 83; media leaks and, Nagorno-Karabakh, 8 Nationalist parties. See specific party National Unity Party (UBP), 50, 66 negotiation process conditions, 16-27, 28, 37, 41, 43, 48, 76-77, 137. See also agreement design; civil society inclusion; mediation strategies; political inclusion; spoiler management Netherlands, 28 New Democracy Movement,
73 newspapers, 11, 74, 100 NGOs, mobilization of, 46, 68, 91,95 Northern Ireland, origins of con flict in, 31-34. See also specific agreement; specific political party or organization Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action (NICVA), 94֊95
Index Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue (Peace Forum), 79֊82, 94, 131 Northern Ireland Women’s Coa lition (NIWC), 81-82, 85, 90, 91, 94, 95, 105, 1x5 Norway, 29 Olgun, Ergun, 73 O’Leary, Brendan, 16-17, 46 Oliver, Quintin, 95-96, 100 Orange Order, 93 Orthodox Church of Cyprus, 68 Oslo Accords, 22, 130 outcomes, 1-30; agreement reached vs. agreement accepted, 104, 122; definitions, 1-6, 7Ո2, 21-22; divided, 101-3; factors affecting, 9-15, 27-30, 39-41, 43-49, no-11, 12425; public information and, 12-14,118,123; tangible vs. intangible, 1,19, 137. See also inclusivity; negotiation process conditions; specific agreement Özuslu, Sami, 62, 74 Paffenholz, Thania, 46-47 Paisley, Ian, 80, 83, 92, 128-29 Palestine, 22, 130 Palestine Liberation Organiza tion (PLO), 22 Panama, 8 Pancyprian Citizens Movement, 68-69 Papadopoulos, Tassos: account ability of, 57, 75-76, 106-7; 175 campaign rhetoric of, 57, 59-61, 64, 70, 114; election of, 53, 63; EU accession and, 53-54, 77; misinformation campaign, 128-29; strategies and tactics of, 41, 55-56, 63, 70-73, 107, 120 partial settlements, 2 participatory mechanisms, role of, 4-5 Pavlowitch, Kosta, 60 peace agreement referendums, 1-30; campaigns for, 11-12, 29-30; definitions, 6, 48; political party support and, іо-ii; pros and cons of, 12936; studies and surveys of, 5-Ю, 14-15, 37, ІЗ7; timing of, 29; as a tool, 6-9; undem ocratic aspects of, 8. See also outcomes; specific agreement Peace and Democracy Party (PDM), 62 Peace Forum (Northern Ireknd Forum for Political Dialogue), 79-82,94, ІЗ x peace negotiations, 1-30;
challenges of, 8-9; char acteristics of, 8-9, 18-27, 40-4T, 43-49; contextual factors, 27-30, 132; future of, 122-36; influences on, 16-18; studies and surveys of, 1-6, 137; variables, 44-47· See also outcomes; specific agreement peace studies, 1-6, 137 Petasis, Aris, 57 Poland, 29
176 Index political elites: accommodation of, I2i; accountability and, 25, 114; implementation issues and, 130; institutional design and, 124; mediation strategy and, 123; power of, 4, 5, 6, 10-11, 13, 69; secrecy and, 104-5, i ю, 123; “silent elite pacts,” 130 political inclusion, 89-92; accountability and, 114; definitions, 45-47, 117; dif ferences in, 62-66; European integration and, 140; impor tance of, 4-5, 18, 37, 101-2, 123-26; legitimacy and, 12526, 136; public education and, 135; research design and, 43, 45-46; spoiler management and, 90-91, 106, in-15 political parties: agreement design and, 17, 26-27; influence on voters, 12-14; kin-states and, 108-9; spoiler management and, in-15; support and, 10—lí, 43, 47-48. See also specific party polls. See public opinion polls Portugal, гм power sharing, 3, 6-7, 26-27, 36, 78 procedural strategies: Annan Plan and, 36, 51-52, 57, no; GFA and, 36, 38, 82-84, 85, 105, 110; as mediation strategy, 18, 19, 110; triple-lock system, 83 process conditions. See negotia tion process conditions Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL), 53, 63-65, 112, 120 Progressive Unionist Party (PUP), 80-81, 87, 91, 92, 99 Protestant Royal Ulster Constab ulary (RUC), 33, 96 Provisional IRA (PIRA), 33, 34, 79-80, 83, 99 public diplomacy, role of, 4-6 public information: confidenti ality vs., 88-89; Franklin’s Theory, 12-13; lack of, 17, 22-23, 58-62, 74֊75, 106-7, 135; outcomes and, 12-14, 118, 123; research design and, 43, 48-49; sources of, io-ii; studies and surveys of, 48-49 public opinion: accountability and, 7, 123; managing and
shaping of, 5, 12, 88-89, 130, 139; “public” defined, 7Ո2; radicalization of, 9, 132; studies and surveys of, 14-15, 74-75, 139 public opinion polls, 5, 14-15, 40, 47, 64, 87, 123-24, 139 public participation, 47 pure vs. power mediation, 20 Putnam, Robert, 16 Qvortrup, Matt, 5, 132 radio, її, 62, 74 referendum campaigns, 48. See ako peace agreement referendums
Index Republican Turkish Party (СТР), 54, б5 Republic of Cyprus. See Cyprus Republic of Ireland. See Ireland Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 6,123-24 Rome General Peace Accords, 25Ո2 RUC (Protestant Royal Ulster Constabulary), 33, 96 Russian Federation, 8 Rwanda, 2, 7, 28, 29 Rynhold, Jonathan, 42 Saatchi 8շ Saatchi, 95-96 Sager, Pearl, 94 Santos, Juan Manuel, 124 Savimbi, Jonas, 2M Schneider, G., 13 Sciarini, Pascal, 29 Scranton, Margaret E., 7-8 secrecy, 56-62; accountability and, 38, 76, 123; confiden tiality and, 85-89, no, 127; indusivity and, 103, 104-6, 140; lack ofinformation and, 17, 22-23, 58-62, 74-75, 106-7, 135; legitimacy and, 76; political elites and, 104-5, no, 123; studies and surveys of, 4, 22; as tactic, 21-23, 37-39, 77, 87-89, no, 123, 140 self-determination, 6-7, 8, 96 Shi’a Arabs, 125 sidelining, 38, 39, 86, 108-9, 113-14 177 Sierra Leone, 2, 24 “Silent elite pacts,” 130 SIM, 62 Sinn Féin: campaign tactics, 99; concessions to, 87; conditions of, 33, 81, 84, 88, 97֊98, 99, 102,120; PIRA and, 8oni; political inclusion and, 91-92, 113; stakeholder status and, 39, 83; United States and, 36 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP): civil society inclusion and, 94; collapse of Parliament and, 34; confi dentiality and, 88; Northern Ireland Forum for Political Dialogue and, 94; political inclusion and, 89, 91, 113; strategies and tactics of, 83-84, 97-98, 99, 100, 102 social media, role of, 11-12 socioeconomic conditions, 29 Somalia, 2 South Africa, 6-7, 130-32 South Sudan, 6, 29 Sovereign Base Areas, 69-70 spoiler management, 23-24, 39,
90-91, 106, in-15, 126, 128-29, 130 Sri Lanka, 2 status quo, 23 Stedman, Stephen John, 23, 24, 26-27 Sunni Arabs, 125 Sunningdale Agreement, 36, 78, 96, 100 Svensson, Isak, 20 Switzerland, 29
178 Index Такі, Yiouli, бо taksim, 31 Talat, Mehmet Ali, 54, 55, 61-62, 65-66, 72, 73 tangible outcomes, 1 television, її, 60, 74 tension reduction, 1, 20-21 the Troubles, 33 This Country is Ours platform, 61-62, 66-68, 116 TKP (Communal Liberation Party), 61-62 Touval, Saadia, 18 transparency, 88, 127-28, 134 Treaty of Nice, 13-14 Trimble, David, 80, 84, 86, 92, 99, 102, 107-8 triple-lock system, 83 trust, 3, 13, 19, 28 Tunisia, 25 Tunisian Confederation of Indus try, Trade and Handicrafts (UTICA), 25n3 Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT), 25ՈՅ Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH), 25ՈՅ Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet, 25Ո3 Tunisian Order of Lawyers, 25Ո3 Turkey, 35ПІ, 55 Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce, 67 Turkish Cypriots: buffer zone and, 32, 43, 54, 59; EU acces sion and, 29, 35; minority status of, 32, 34; origins of conflict, 31-34, 59; tabim and, 31. See also Annan Plan (Cyprus); specific political party or organization Turkish Cypriot Teachers Union (KTOS), 61 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), 32, 54, 63, 113-14. See also Annan Plan (Cyprus) Tzionis, Tassos, 70-71 U2, 99 UBP (National Unity Party), 50, 66 UGTT (Tunisian General Labour Union), 25Ո3 Ukraine, 8 Ulster Defence Association/ Ulster Freedom Fighters (UDA/UFF), 33 Ulster Democratic Party (UDP), 80-81 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP): agreement design and, 16-17, 120; campaign messaging, 99; civil society mobilization and, 101, 102; kin-states and, 109; Mitchell and, 85-87; political inclusion and, 89; power-sharing and, 80; release of paramilitary prisoners, 84, 86-87, 97; split in, 92, 95,
102, 107-8 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), 33,80-81,92 Union for the Total Indepen dence of Angola (UNITA), 2ПІ Unionist parties. See specific party
Index United Democrats (EDI), 50, 64, 68, 71, 72 United Kingdom: accession to EU, 35֊3б, 134-35; Brexit, 134-35; Cyprus and, 31, 55, 57, 59, 69-70; Northern Ire land and, 32-33, 81, 97, 120 United Kingdom Unionist Party (UKUP), 39, 80, 83, 89, 91-92,102, IX2-I3 United Nations (UN), շու, 8-9, 19, 37-38. See also Annan, Kofi; Annan Plan (Cyprus) United Nations Good Offices Mission, 50, 51, 58, 65, 70, 112, 125 United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), 31-32 United Nations Security Council, 51, 53м, 57-58, 60, 64, 67 United States, 2ni, 7-8, 19, 35, 36, 57, 79, 130. See also Holbrooke, Richard; Mitchell, George Uribe, Alvaro, 124 Vassiliou, George, 35, 51, 71 violence: agreement durability and, 3-4; bombings, 33՜34, 79; cease-fires, 1-2, 32, 36, 79, 83; in Derry, 33; in East Timor, 8-9, 132; escalation of, 8-9; ethnonational conflict and, 2, 8-9; frozen conflict and, 43; in London, 79; media 179 leaks and, 88; paramilitary, 33-34, 36, 43, 79, 81, 82, 90, ιοί; re-escalation of, 84, 129-30, 131, 132; in South Africa, 131; spoilers use of, 23; the Troubles, 33 voters and voting: agreement design and, 8-9, 16-17; alignment of, іо-ii; edu cation of, 28, 123, 127, 128-29, 1ЗЗ-35; effects of party splits on, 108; eligibility of, 30; Franklin’s Theory and, 12-13; manipulation of, 8, 135; socioeconomic condi tions of, 29; studies and sur veys of, 16, 74-75, 106, 108; tools to influence, 11-12. See also public information; pub lic opinion; public opinion polls voter turnout, 29, 42, 85, IOI, 124,129 Wanis-St. John, Anthony, 130 Weitsman, P. A., 13 Western Sahara, 8
Weston, Thomas, 67 Women’s Coalition. See Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) Zahar, Marie-Joëlle, 23-24 Zartman, William, 18 Zürich-London Agreements, 59 Bayerische į Staatsbibliothek München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Amaral, Joana |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1169690211 |
| author_facet | Amaral, Joana |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Amaral, Joana |
| author_variant | j a ja |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046100077 |
| contents | Peace negotiations and peace agreement referendums -- How peace negotiations shape agreement referendums -- The case studies -- The Annan Plan experience in Cyprus -- The Good Friday Agreement experience in Northern Ireland -- Comparing the Cypriot and Northern Irish experiences -- A new paradigm in peace negotiations |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1123131439 (DE-599)BVBBV046100077 |
| edition | First edition |
| format | Book |
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Specifically, Amaral compares the Annan Plan negotiations in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) negotiations in Northern Ireland. 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| id | DE-604.BV046100077 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:35:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780815636243 0815636245 9780815636427 0815636423 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031480874 |
| oclc_num | 1123131439 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xviii, 179 Seiten 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20191010 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Syracuse University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Syracuse studies on peace and conflict resolution |
| spelling | Amaral, Joana Verfasser (DE-588)1169690211 aut Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland Joana Amaral First edition Syracuse, New York Syracuse University Press 2019 xviii, 179 Seiten 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Syracuse studies on peace and conflict resolution Peace negotiations and peace agreement referendums -- How peace negotiations shape agreement referendums -- The case studies -- The Annan Plan experience in Cyprus -- The Good Friday Agreement experience in Northern Ireland -- Comparing the Cypriot and Northern Irish experiences -- A new paradigm in peace negotiations "This manuscript presents the first in-depth comparative study of peace referendums, demonstrating that the way peace negotiations are conducted has an impact on referendum outcomes. Specifically, Amaral compares the Annan Plan negotiations in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) negotiations in Northern Ireland. The underlying aim is to uncover how peace negotiations can favor broad support for peace settlements and potentially avoid a failed referendum"-- Belfast Agreement 1998 April 10 (DE-588)4699330-7 gnd rswk-swf Annan-Plan (DE-588)7595829-6 gnd rswk-swf Cyprus Crisis (1974-) Peace-building / Case studies Referendum / Case studies Peace-building / Cyprus Peace-building / Northern Ireland Referendum / Cyprus Referendum / Northern Ireland Cyprus / History / Cyprus Crisis, 1974- Northern Ireland / Politics and government / 1968-1998 Peace-building Politics and government Referendum Cyprus Northern Ireland 1968-1998 Case studies History Annan-Plan (DE-588)7595829-6 s Belfast Agreement 1998 April 10 (DE-588)4699330-7 u DE-604 Online version Amaral, Joana, author Making peace with referendums Syracuse, New York : Syracuse University Press, 2019 9780815654704 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Amaral, Joana Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland Peace negotiations and peace agreement referendums -- How peace negotiations shape agreement referendums -- The case studies -- The Annan Plan experience in Cyprus -- The Good Friday Agreement experience in Northern Ireland -- Comparing the Cypriot and Northern Irish experiences -- A new paradigm in peace negotiations Belfast Agreement 1998 April 10 (DE-588)4699330-7 gnd Annan-Plan (DE-588)7595829-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4699330-7 (DE-588)7595829-6 |
| title | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland |
| title_auth | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland |
| title_exact_search | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland |
| title_full | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland Joana Amaral |
| title_fullStr | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland Joana Amaral |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making peace with referendums Cyprus and Northern Ireland Joana Amaral |
| title_short | Making peace with referendums |
| title_sort | making peace with referendums cyprus and northern ireland |
| title_sub | Cyprus and Northern Ireland |
| topic | Belfast Agreement 1998 April 10 (DE-588)4699330-7 gnd Annan-Plan (DE-588)7595829-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Belfast Agreement 1998 April 10 Annan-Plan |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031480874&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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