Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany: (ca. 1520-1720)
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1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Paderborn
Ferdinand Schöningh
[2019]
|
Schriftenreihe: | Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period / Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit
Vol. 1 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XX, 657 Seiten 23.5 cm x 15.5 cm |
ISBN: | 9783506701503 3506701509 |
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100 | 1 | |a Astorri, Paolo |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1195177186 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany |b (ca. 1520-1720) |c Paolo Astorri |
264 | 1 | |a Paderborn |b Ferdinand Schöningh |c [2019] | |
264 | 4 | |c © 2019 | |
300 | |a XX, 657 Seiten |c 23.5 cm x 15.5 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period / Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit |v Vol. 1 | |
502 | |b Dissertation |c Catholic University of Leuven |d 2018 | ||
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1520-1720 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1520-1720 |A z |
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710 | 2 | |a Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh |0 (DE-588)2178840-6 |4 pbl | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-657-70150-6 |
810 | 2 | |a Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit |t Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period |v Vol. 1 |w (DE-604)BV046251865 |9 1 | |
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856 | 4 | 2 | |u https://www.recensio.net/r/4af8d61bfb8a4c358f72cc87282b7764 |y rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung (ZHF), 48 (2021), 2, S. 367-369 |3 Rezension |
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999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031463584 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804180372204814336 |
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adam_text | CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
...................................................................................
XIX
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................................
1
1
A
LUTHERAN
DOCTRINE
OF
CONTRACT?
.................................................
1
2
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
.....................................................................
6
3
SELECTION
OF
SOURCES
.......................................................................
8
4
METHOD
..........................................................................................
IO
5
STRUCTURE
........................................................................................
12
PART
I
CHRISTIAN
SPIRITUALITY
AND
LAW:
DEVELOPMENTS
AND
SOURCES
1
CARE
FOR
THE
SOULS
BEFORE
THE
REFORMATION
AND
IN
THE
EARLY
MODEM
ROMAN
CATHOLIC
WORLD
..........................................................................
17
1.0
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................
17
1.1
THE
FIRST
CHRISTIAN
COMMUNITIES
................................................
18
1.1.1
CHRISTIAN
LIFE
IN
THE
WORLD
......................................................
18
1.1.2
THE
JURISDICTION
OF
THE
CHURCH
...............................................
19
1.1.3
MONASTICISM
AND
THE
REFORM
OF
SPIRITUAL
LIFE
.......................
20
1.2
FROM
AUGUSTINE
TO
CHARLEMAGNE
..................................................
21
1.2.1
PILGRIMS
TOWARDS
HEAVEN
.......................................................
21
1.2.2
FROM
PENITENTIALS
TO
CAPITULARS
.............................................
23
1.3
THE
JURISDICTION
OF
THE
SOULS
.........................................................
26
1.3.1
THE
JUDGMENT
OF
GOD
.............................................................
26
1.3.2
THEOLOGY
OF
PENANCE
..............................................................
28
1.3.3
THE
FORUM
POENITENTIALE
.......................................................
31
1.3.4
DOMINICANS
*
AND
FRANCISCANS
*
SUMMAE
...............................
33
1.4
THE
SPECIALISTS
OF
CONSCIENCE
.......................................................
37
1.4.1
ARISTOTELIAN
MORALITY
.............................................................
37
1.4.2
GERSON
AND
THE
EARLY
MODEM
SCHOLASTICS
.............................
39
1.4.3
JESUIT
MORAL
THEOLOGY
.............................................................
43
1.5
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
46
VIII
CONTENTS
2
THE
ENGAGEMENT
OF
THE
LUTHERAN
THEOLOGIANS
WITH
CONTRACT
LAW:
PRINCIPLES
AND
LITERATURE
.....................................................................
47
2.0
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................
47
2.1
THE
REFORMATION
OF
CONTRACT
LAW
.................................................
48
2.1.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
48
2.1.2
LUTHER:
THEOLOGICAL
AND
LEGAL
PREMISES
...............................
51
2.1.2.1
JUSTIFICATION
AND
MORAL
ACTIONS
.............................
51
2.1.2.2
THE
LAW
AND
THE
GOSPEL
..........................................
52
2.1.2.3
CONTRACT
LAW
AND
THE
LOVE
FOR
MAN
*
S
NEIGHBOURS
..............................................................
54
2.1.3
MELANCHTHON:
THEOLOGICAL
AND
LEGAL
PREMISES
.....................
55
2.1.3.1
THE
WILL,
THE
LAW
AND
THE
GOSPEL
..........................
55
2.1.3.2
DIVINE
LAW
AND
NATURAL
LAW
...................................
57
2.1.3.3
CONTRACT
LAW
AS
DIVINE
INSTITUTION
........................
59
2.1.4
THE
CONTRIBUTIONS
OF
THE
FIRST
DISCIPLES
.................................
60
2.1.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
60
2.1.4.2
RHEGIUS:
THE
STUDENT
OF
ECK
...................................
61
2.1.4.3
BRENZ:
THE
MAGISTRATE
AS
SERVANT
OF
CONSCIENCE
...
62
2.1.4.4
AEPINUS:
THE
SUPERINTENDENT
OF
HAMBURG
............
63
2.2
THE
STRUGGLE
FOR
CONFESSIONAL
IDENTITY
..........................................
64
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................
64
2.2.2
ETHICAL
TREATISES
.....................................................................
67
2.2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
67
2.2.2.2
CHYTRAEUS
AND
THE
REFORMATION
IN
ROSTOCK
..........
67
2.2.2.3
VON
EITZEN:
ROSTOCK,
HAMBURG
AND
SCHLESWIG
.......
69
2.2.2.4
STRIGEL
AND
THE
DOCTRINA
DULCISSIMA
DE
CONTRACTIBUS
.............................................................
70
2.2.3
DOGMATIC
TREATISES
................................................................
71
2.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
71
2.2.3.2
CHEMNITZ:
CONSERVING
THE
GENUINE DOCTRINE
.......
71
2.2.3.3
HEMMINGSEN:
PRAECEPTOR
UNIVERSALIS
DANIAE
.........
73
2.2.3 4
GERHARD:
THE
FIRST
LUTHERAN
MORALIST
.....................
75
2.2.4
BIBLICAL
COMMENTARIES
AND
SERMONS
....................................
77
2.2.4.1
GEORG
MAJOR:
BETWEEN
PAUL
*
S
LETTERS
AND
MELANCHTHON
...........................................................
77
2.2.4*2
ANDREAE:
CHANCELLOR
AND
PROVOST
AT
THE
TUBINGEN
UNIVERSITY
................................................................
78
2.2.43
HUNNIUS:
BETWEEN
TUBINGEN
AND
WITTENBERG
......
78
CONTENTS
IX
2.3
PENANCE,
CASUISTRY
AND
MORAL
THEOLOGY
......................................
79
2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................
79
2.3.2
TOWARDS
A
NEW
TYPE
OF
PENANCE
...........................................
83
2.3.3
CATECHETICAL
BOOKS,
MANUALS
FOR
CONFESSORS
AND
COLLECTIONS
OF
THEOLOGICAL
COUNSELS
.........................................................
85
2.3.4
CASUISTRY
................................................................................
87
2.3.4.1
BALDUIN
AND
MEISNER:
THE
SCHOOL
OF
WITTENBERG
...
87
2.34.2
KONIG
AND
DANNHAUER:
ALTDORF
AND
STRASBOURG
....
89
2.3.4.3
DUNTE,
PRIICKNER
AND
THE
PASTORAL
PRACTICE
............
92
2.3.5
MORAL
THEOLOGY
.....................................................................
92
2.3.5.1
GEORG
CALIXT
AND
THE
THEOLOGIANS
OF
HELMSTEDT
...
92
2.3.Z.2
DURR,
BAIER
AND
THE
THEOLOGIANS
OF
ALTDORF
............
96
2
-3-5-3
STRAUCH
AND
SCHELWIG:
FROM
WITTENBERG
TO
DANZIG
..
97
2.4
THE
CHALLENGES
OF
THE
MODEM
NATURAL
LAWYERS
..........................
98
2.4.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
98
2.4.2
THE
DEFENSE
OF
THE
ORTHODOX
DOCTRINE
...................................
100
2.4.2.1
ALBERTI
AND
ZENTGRAV:
REACTIONARY
THEOLOGIANS
...
100
2.4.2.2
OSIANDER,
JAGER
AND
THE
EARLY
MODEM
SCHOLASTICS
..
103
2.4.3
BUDDEUS:
SEPARATING
MORAL
THEOLOGY
FROM
NATURAL
JURISPRUDENCE
.........................................................................
105
2.4.4
OLEARIUS
AND
HAFERUNG:
COMING
BACK
TO
THE
TRADITION
.........
107
2.5
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
109
PART
II
A
BIBLICAL
FRAMERWORK
FOR
CONTRACT
LAW:
BASIC
ELEMENTS
1
THE
CONCEPTUALIZATION
OF
AGREEMENTS
...............................................
113
1.0
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................
113
1.1
TOWARDS
A
CONSENSUALIST
THEORY
OF
CONTRACT
LAW
.......................
114
1.2
THE
SEVENTH
COMMANDMENT:
PRIVATE
PROPERTY
AND
CONTRACTS
...
118
1.2.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
118
1.2.2
THE
DEFENSE
OF
PRIVATE
PROPERTY
.............................................
119
1.2.2.1
NOT
A
COMMUNION
OF
GOODS,
BUT
A
PRIVATE
PROPERTY
FOR
THE
NEIGHBOUR
*
S
NEEDS
.......................
119
1.2.2.2
CHEMNITZ
*
REFUSAL
OF
THE
ARGUMENTS
IN
FAVOUR
OF
A
COMMUNION
OF
GOODS
......................................
124
1.2.2.3
A
DIVINE
ORDER:
LUTHER
AND
MELANCHTHON
*
S
DEFINITION
OF
PROPERTY
.............................................
128
1.2.2.4
THE
NEXUS
WITH
THE
REVELATION
...............................
130
X
CONTENTS
1.2.3
CONTRACTS
ARE
A
CREATION
OF
GOD
...........................................
135
1.2.3.1
EXPLOITING
THE
DEFINITIONS
ALREADY
IN
EXISTENCE
....
135
1.2.3.2
INSTRUMENTS
OF
FAITH
AND
CHARITY
............................
138
1.3
THE
EIGHTH
COMMANDMENT:
OBSERVANCE
OF
AGREEMENTS
............
141
1.3.1
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................
141
1.3.2
PACTUM
AND
PROMISSIO
.........................................................
142
1.3.3
TOWARDS
A
NEW
CONCEPTUALIZATION
........................................
143
1.3.4
THE
VIRTUE
OF
TRUTHFULNESS
......................................................
147
1.3.5
ATTEMPTING
A
SYNTHESIS
.........................................................
148
1.4
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
150
2
THE
SEVENTH
COMMANDMENT:
THE
LAWFULNESS
AND
RIGHT
USE
OF
CONTRACTS
...............................................................................................
152
2.0
INTRODUCTION
....................................................................................
152
2.1
THE
LAWFULNESS
OF
BUSINESS
AND
CONTRACTS
...................................
153
2.1.1
ANABAPTISTS REJECTION
OF
BUSINESS
........................................
153
2.1.2
LUTHER
ANDMELANCHTHON S
REACTION
......................................
155
2.1.3
THE
RESPONSE
OF
THE
LUTHERAN
ORTHODOXY
.............................
157
2.2
THE
*
RIGHT
USE
OF
CONTRACTS
.........................................................
161
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
161
2.2.2
FAITH
AND
CHARITY
..................................................................
163
2.2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
163
2.2.2.2
GENESIS:
MELANCHTHON
AND
CHEMNITZ
...................
163
2.2.2.3
FURTHER
APPLICATIONS:
DIETERICH,
SELNECKER,
DURR,
BAIER
AND
BUDDEUS
..........................................
166
2.2.3
THE
PROTECTION
AGAINST
FRAUD
................................................
168
2.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
168
2.2.3.2
LUTHER:
SOLA
SCRIPTURA
...............................................
168
2.2.3 3
A
DETAILED
CATEGORIZATION?
....................................
169
2.2.4
EQUALITY
IN
CONTRACTS
.............................................................
173
2.2.4.1
MELANCHTHON:
EQUALITY
AS
OBEDIENCE
TOWARDS
GOD
...........................................................................
173
2.2.4*2
CHYTRAEUS,
BRENZ
AND
GERHARD:
SPECIFYING
THE
MEANING
OF
EQUALITY
.................................................
179
2.2.4 3
OLEARIUS,
OSIANDER
AND
JAGER:
EQUALITY
AS
PROTECTION
AGAINST
FRAUD
........................................
181
2.2.4 4
BUDDEUS
AND
BERTLING:
EQUALITY
AS
A
FORM
OF
PROMOTION
OF
THE
OTHER
PARTY
*
S
INTEREST
.................
182
2.3
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
185
CONTENTS
XI
3
THE
EIGHTH
COMMANDMENT:
CONTRACTUAL
FIDELITY
.............................
186
3.0
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................
186
3.1
PACTA
SUNT
SERVANDA*.
TOWARDS
A
NEW
FOUNDATION
........................
187
3.1.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
187
3.1.2
THE
LEGACY
OF
CANON
LAW
......................................................
188
3.1.3
THE
EIGHTH
COMMANDMENT
....................................................
189
3.1.4
NATURAL
LAW
..........................................................................
193
3.1.5
THE
VIRTUE
OF
TRUTHFULNESS
AND
FIDELITY
.................................
195
3.1.6
CHRISTIAN
LOVE
.......................................................................
196
3.2
MORAL
OR
LEGAL
EFFECTS
...................................................................
198
3.2.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
198
3.2.2
THE
EARLY
MODEM
SCHOLASTICS
...............................................
198
3.2.3
ONEROUS
PROMISES
AND
GRATUITOUS
PROMISES
..........................
199
3.2.4
THE
PROMISOR S
INTENTION
.........................................................
200
3.2.5
EVERY
JUST
AND
HONOURABLE
PROMISE
IS
BINDING
IN
CONSCIENCE
.........................................................................
203
3.2.6
POLLICITATIO
AND
PERFECTA
PROMISSIO
........................................
205
3.3
FORMATION
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
...........................................................
207
3.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
207
3.3.2
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE
OBLIGATION
.............................................
207
3.3.2.1
COMMENTING
ON
CICERO:
MELANCHTHON
AND
VON
EITZEN
..................................................................
207
33.2.2
DRAWING
UPON
THE
SCHOLASTICS:
MEISNER,
HOMEIUS
AND
JAGER
....................................................
209
3.Z.2.3
LOOKING
AT
THE
VIRTUES:
OLEARIUS
AND
HAFERUNG
....
210
3.3.3
THE
INTENTION
.........................................................................
211
3.3.4
THE
EXPRESSION
OF
CONSENT
....................................................
212
3.3.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
212
3.3-4.2
OSIANDER:
THE
NECESSITY
OF
A
DECLARATION
..............
213
3-3-4-3
JAGER:
EVERYTHING
IS
BINDING
IN
THE
COURT
OF
CONSCIENCE
..............................................................
216
33.4.4
THE
TYPES
OF
DECLARATIONS
......................................
218
3.3.5
THE
NECESSITY
OF
ACCEPTANCE
..................................................
219
3.3.6
THE
SUBJECTS
OF
THE
AGREEMENT
...............................................
222
3.4
VICES
OF
CONSENT
............................................................................
224
3.4.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
224
3.4.2
INCAPACITY
................................................................................
226
3.4.3
MISTAKE
(ERROR
VEL
DOLUS)
.......................................................
227
3.4.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
227
XII
CONTENTS
Z.4.3.2
MEISNER:
A
RATIONAL
APPROACH
...............................
228
Z.4.Z.3
DANNHAUER:
OBEDIENCE
TO
THE
SCRIPTURES
..............
231
3.4.4
DURESS
...................................................................................
235
3.4.41
THE
LAW
OF
MARRIAGE
...............................................
235
3.4
4
2
DOES
DURESS
INVALIDATE
AN
AGREEMENT?
....................
236
3.5
THE
PERFORMANCE
.............................................................................
240
3.5.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
240
3.5.2
MORAL
IMPOSSIBILITY
................................................................
241
3.5.2.1
GENERAL
CLAUSES
.......................................................
241
3-5.2.2
NATURAL
LAW
VS.
MORAL
THEOLOGY
............................
243
3-5-2.3
NOXIOUS
OR
USELESS
SUBJECT
MATTER
AND
CHANGED
CIRCUMSTANCES
............................................................
246
3.5.3
PHYSICAL
IMPOSSIBILITY
...............................................................
250
3.5.4
RULES
FOR
THE
EXECUTION ..........................................................
251
3.6
FROM
THE
WILL
TO
THE
BOND:
A
BRIEF
GAZE
TOWARDS
THE
FUTURE
....
252
3.7
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
255
PART
III
SELECTED
ISSUESFROM
PARTICULAR
TYPES
OF
CONTRACT
1
SALE,
LEASE
AND
RESTITUTION
....................................................................
261
1.0
INTRODUCTION
...................................................................................
261
1.1
SALE:
ROMAN
LAW,
ARISTOTLE
AND
ORTHODOX
THEOLOGY
........................
263
1.1.1
INTRODUCTION
...........................................................................
263
1.1.2
LAWFULNESS
AND
STRUCTURE
........................................................
264
1.1.3
RULES
CONCERNING
THE
GOODS
....................................................
269
1.1.3.1
THE
RIGHT
OF
PROPERTY
...............................................
269
1.1.3.2
A
JUST
MEASURE
.........................................................
271
1.1.3.3
DEFECTS
OF
GOODS
I:
FOLLOWING
THE
SCHOLASTICS
.......
273
1.1.3.4
DEFECTS
OF
GOODS
II:
THE
RIGORIST
VERSION
..............
274
1.1.4
RULES
CONCERNING
THE
PRICE
......................................................
280
1.1.4.1
THE
ETHICS
OF
PRICING:
COMMON
ESTIMATION,
PUBLIC
AUTHORITY
AND
CONSCIENCE
............................
280
1.1.4.2
MARKET
ABUSE
I
:
CONSCIENCE,
THE
HOLY
SCRIPTURE
AND
THE
MAGISTRATE
..................................................
283
1.1.4.3
MARKET
ABUSE
11
:
SCHOLASTIC
ARGUMENTATION
APPLIED
......................................................................
285
1.1.4.4
PRIVATE
MONOPOLIES
ARE
AGAINST
CHARITY
..................
289
CONTENTS
XIII
1.2
LEASE:
BETWEEN
THE
SCHOLASTICS
AND
THE
SCRIPTURES
.......................
293
1.2.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
293
1.2.2
LOCATIO
REI
AND
LOCATIO
PERSONAE
..........................................
293
1.2.2.1
EQUALITY
IN
LEASE:
MELANCHTHON
AND
HIS
IMMEDIATE
FOLLOWERS
...............................................
293
1.2.2.2
HORNEIUS,
DURR,
BAIER
AND
PRIICKNER:
GAINING
PRECISION
....................................................................
297
1.2.3
THE
LEASE
OF
BODY
(LOCATIO
CORPORIS)
......................................
300
1.2.3.1
THE
DEBATE
AMONG
THE
EARLY
MODERN
SCHOLASTICS
................................................................
300
1.2.3.2
MEISNER:
FOUR
REASONS
AGAINST
THE
PROSTITUTE
*
S
RIGHT
TO
KEEP
HER
SALARY
............................................
300
1.2.3.3
OSIANDER:
RESUMING
THE
SCHOLASTIC
APPROVAL
...........
304
1.3
GUIDELINES
FOR
RESTITUTION
...............................................................
305
1.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
305
1.3.2
THEORETICAL
FEATURES
................................................................
306
1.3.2.1
FOUNDATION:
AUGUSTINE,
THE
SCRIPTURES
AND
RATIONAL
ARGUMENTS
..................................................
306
1.3.2.2
AN
ISSUE
OF
SALVATION?
...............................................
309
1.3.3
PRACTICAL
FEATURES
..................................................................
312
1.3.3.1
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR
EXECUTING
RESTITUTION
...................
312
1.3.3.2
GENERAL
EXCEPTIONS
................................................
314
1.3.3.3
ALMSGIVING
IN
PLACE
OF
RESTITUTION
..........................
315
1.3.3.4
RESTITUTION
IN
THE
EVENT
OF
DAMAGES
TO
THE
DEBTOR
AND
HIS
FAMILY
...........................................
316
1.3.3.5
THE
LAESIO
ENORMIS
..................................................
319
1.4
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
321
2
LENDING
AND
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
....................................................
324
2.0
INTRODUCTION
......................................................................................
324
2.1
REQUISITES
FOR
A
REVOLUTION
..............................................................
326
2.1.1
INTRODUCTION
............................................................................
326
2.1.2
SCHOLASTIC
THEOLOGIANS
AND
CANONISTS
ON
THE
PROHIBITION
AGAINST
INTEREST
.....................................................................
327
2.1.2.1
ROMAN
LAW
AND
CANON
LAW
...................................
327
2.1.2.2
A
SIN
AGAINST
JUSTICE
AND
A
BREACH
OF
NATURAL
LAW
..........................................................................
330
2.1.3
THE
GERMAN
CONTRACT:
A
FORMIDABLE
WEAPON
FOR
BANKERS
AND
MERCHANTS
.......................................................................
332
XIV
CONTENTS
2.1.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
332
2.1.3.2
ANTECEDENTS: PARTNERSHIP
AND
CENSUS
.....................
332
2.1.3.3
TWO
LEGAL
QUALIFICATIONS
..........................................
334
2.1.3.4
THE
APPROACH
OF
THE
LUTHERAN
THEOLOGIANS
...........
337
2.2
PILLARS
FOR
A
NEW
THEORY
OF
INTEREST:
LUTHER
*
S
AND
MELANCHTHON
*
S
FORMULATIONS
..........................................................
340
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
340
2.2.2
LUTHER
AND
THE
SPIRIT
OF
THE
SCRIPTURES
...................................
341
2.2.2.1
THREE
ESSENTIAL
INNOVATIONS
...................................
341
2.2.2.2
THE
ZLNSKAUFI
FROM
CRITICISM
TO
MODERATE
APPROVAL
....................................................................
344
2.2.3
MELANCHTHON:
TURNING
BACK
TO
THE
PAST?
.................................
346
2.2.3.1
THE
PROHIBITION
AGAINST
INTEREST
..............................
346
2.2.3.2
THE
CONTRACT
WITH
THE
CLAUSE
TO
RESELL
....................
347
2.2.33
A
DIALOGUE
WITH
THE
CANONISTS:
THE
INTERESSE
...........
350
2.3
LOANS
TOWARDS
THE
POOR
AND
BUSINESS
CONTRACTS:
A
FIRST
REFORMULATION
OF
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
.....................................
354
2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
354
2.3.2
MUTUUM
DATE
NIHIL
INDE
SPERANTES:
FROM
A
RULE
OF
JUSTICE
TO
A
RULE
OF
CHARITY
....................................................
355
2.3.2.1
THE
RICH
AND
THE
POOR
.............................................
355
2.3.2.2
ALMOSEN,
LEIHEN
UND
CONTRACTEN
..................................
358
2.3.3
LOANS
TO
THE
POOR
......................................................................
360
2.3.3.1
RELAXATIO
AND
ADFLICTIO
...............................................
360
2.3 3.2
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
REFORMULATED
....................
362
2.3.4
THE
WIDERKAUFFLICHER
ZINS
......................................................
365
2.3.4.1
THE
AUTHORITY
OF
THE
MAGISTRATE
................................
365
2.3 4.2
DIVINE
ORDINANCE
......................................................
368
2.4
CHARITY
AND
FINANCE
I:
EARLY
GUIDELINES
........................................
369
2.4.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
369
2.4.2
RHEGIUS:
A
CHANGE
OF
PERSPECTIVE
..........................................
371
2.4.2.1
SO
HAB
ERSTLICH
FUR
AUGEN
DAS
NATURLICHE
GESETZT
UND
DES
NEHESTEN
LIEBE
.............................................
371
2.4.2.2
APPLYING
THE
POLITICAL
ORDINANCE
............................
375
2.4.3
HEMMINGSEN
AT
THE
CROSSROAD
OF
INTEREST
THEORIES
..............
377
2.4.4
CHEMNITZ:
TRUSTING ONLY
THE
SCRIPTURES
.................................
379
2.4.4.1
THE
REAL
MEANING
OF
USURA
....................................
379
2.4 4.2
TRIA
GENERA
CHRISTIANORUM
......................................
383
2.4.43
LENDING
ACCORDING
TO
CHARITY
.................................
385
CONTENTS
XV
2.4.4 4
THE
CONTRACT
WITH
A
CLAUSE
OF
REDEMPTION
(
CONTRACTUS
REDEMPTIONIS)
..........................................
388
2.4.4.Z
PARTNERSHIP
................................................................
392
2.4 4.6
THE
INTERESSE
............................................................
393
2.5
CHARITY
AND
FINANCE
II:
SYSTEMATIC
TREATMENT
..............................
395
2.5.1
REFORMING
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
................
*
.........................
395
2.5.1.1
INTRODUCTION
...............................................................
395
2.5.1.2
HUNNIUS
AND
THE
RULE
OF
PAUL
-
2
COR.
8,13
..............
395
2.5.1.3
GERHARD:
ETYMOLOGY
AND
CONTEXT
............................
398
2.5.2
WIDERKAUFFLICHER
ZINS:
JUSTIFICATION
......................................
401
2.5.2.1
INTRODUCTION
............................................................
401
2.5*2.2
THE
POLITICAL
ORDINANCE
AS
SPECIFICATION
OF
THE
SCRIPTURES
................................................................
401
2.5.2.3
AN
OBLIGATION
FOUNDED
ON
GRATITUDE
AND
NATURAL
LAW
...............................................................
402
2.5.2.4
RELAXATIO
AND
ADFLICTIO
...............................................
404
2.5.2 5
SOCIAL
UTILITY
AND
EQUALITY
WITH
LAWFUL
CONTRACTS
....................................................................
408
2.5.3
WIDERKAUFFLICHER
ZINS:
APPLICATION
........................................
409
2.5.3.1
INTRODUCTION
..............................................................
409
2.5.3.2
CONDITION
OF
THE
PARTIES
..........................................
410
2.5 3.3
RECIPROCAL
BENEFIT
.................................................
411
2.5 3.4
REMISSION
OF
DEBT
.................................................
413
2.6
COROLLARIES
AND
RECEPTION
............................................................
416
2.6.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
416
2.6.2
NATURAL
LAW:
TWO
OPPOSITE
OPINIONS
....................................
416
2.6.3
MONS
PIETATIS
.........................................................................
418
2.6.4
SPREADING THE
GOOD
WORD
......................................................
421
2.7
CONCLUSION
.......................................................................................
424
PART
IV
FROM
LUTHERAN
THEOLOGY
TO
LEGAL
PRACTICE
1
THE
DISPUTE
OF
REGENSBURG
(1587)
.........................................................
433
1.1
THE
ORIGINS
OF
THE
DISPUTE
....................................................................
434
1.1.1
PRIOR
EVENTS
..............................................................................
434
1.1.1.1
LUTHER
AND
THE
GERMAN
CONTRACT
............................
434
1.1.1.2
THE
DISPUTE
OF
RUDOLSTADT
........................................
436
XVI
CONTENTS
1.1.1.3
NICHT
ALS
EIN
RECHT,
SONDEM
ALS
EIN
DISPENSATION
:
GALLUS
*
TEACHINGS
ON
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
AND
THE
IMPERIAL
ORDINANCE
.....................................
438
1.1.2
THE
DISCUSSION
IN
REGENSBURG
.................................................
440
1.1.2.1
THE
FIVE
ZEALOUS
MINISTERS
.......................................
440
1.1.2.2
THE
THEOLOGICAL
AND
POLITICAL
RESPONSE
....................
442
1.2
FOUR
SERMONS
FOR
CHRISTIANS
*
EDUCATION
........................................
445
1.2.1
A
WORRIED
CONSCIENCE
...............................................................
445
1.2.2
PROPELLING
THE
LUTHERAN
THEORY
OF
INTEREST
..............................
446
1.2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
...............................................................
446
1.2.2.2
THE
PROHIBITION
AGAINST
INTEREST,
GRATUITOUS
LOANS
AND
BUSINESS
CONTRACTS
...................................
446
1.2.2.3
LUTHER
*
S
TEACHINGS
ON
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
AND
THE
GERMAN
CONTRACT
........................................
450
1.2.2.4
CRUSHING
THE
SCHOLASTIC
THEORY
OF
INTEREST
..............
452
1.2.3
ONLY
FOR
THE
ELDERLY,
ORPHANS,
WIDOWS
AND
OTHER
INDIGENTS?
................................................................................
456
1.2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
...............................................................
456
1.2.3.2
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
JUSTINIAN
I
.....................................
457
1.2.3.3
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
JUSTINIAN
II
.......................................
458
1.2.3.4
THE
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN
SONDERLICH
AND
ALLEIN
.........
459
1.2.3.5
THE
CONCEPT
OF
NEED
...............................................
461
1.2.4
AN
ORDINANCE
FOR
CONSCIENCE
...................................................
462
1.2.5
CONCLUSION
..............................................................................
464
1.3
LEGAL
COUNSELS
..................................................................................
467
1.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................................
467
1.3.2
A
REASONABLE
AND
JUST
CUSTOM
IN
REGENSBURG
........................
469
1.3.2.1
INTRODUCTION
...............................................................
469
1.3.2.2
THE
APPROVAL
OF
THE
PUBLIC
AUTHORITY
.......................
469
1.3.2.3
REASONABLENESS
AND
NATURAL
EQUITY
.......................
472
1.3.3
THE
LAWFULNESS
OF
THE
WIDERKAUFFLICHER
ZINS
........................
473
1.3.3.1
INTRODUCTION
.............................................................
473
1.3.3.2
THE
PURCHASE
OF
ANNUAL
INCOME
............................
475
1.3.3.3
THE
REDEEMABILITY
AFTER
A
CERTAIN
PERIOD
OF
TIME
.........................................................................
481
1.3.3.4
THE
PERSONAL
OBLIGATION
............................................
484
1.3.4
CONCLUSION
..............................................................................
486
1.4
CONCLUSION
.......................................................................................
488
CONTENTS
XVII
2
THE
CONTRIBUTION
OF
THE
JURISTS
..............................................................
490
2.0
INTRODUCTION
......................................................................................
490
2.1
MATTHIAS
COLER:
A
BOLD
CLAIM
.........................................................
493
2.1.1
INTRODUCTION
............................................................................
493
2.1.2
DEFENDING
INTEREST-TAKING
AS
A
MATTER
OF
DIVINE
LAW
............
494
2.1.2.1
THE
REASON
OF
EQUALITY
.............................................
494
2.1.2.2
THE
RISK
OF
LOSS
.........................................................
499
2.1.3
THE
LAW
OF
JUSTINIAN
..............................................................
503
2.1.3.1
A
REPUDIATED
LAW
....................................................
503
2.1.3.2
REVERSING
SCHURPPS
OPINION
.....................................
505
2.1.3.3
THE NEW
IMPERIAL
LAW
AND
THE
THEOLOGIANS
*
APPROVAL
..................................................................
507
2.2
PETER
HEIGE:
READING
THE
LAW
WITH
THE
EYES
OF
CHARITY
..................
509
2.2.1
INTRODUCTION
............................................................................
509
2.2.2
REINTERPRETING
THE
DIVINE
LAW
...............................................
511
2.2.2.1
THE
PERMISSION
TO
CHARGE
INTEREST
ON
LOANS
TO
FOREIGNERS
................................................................
511
2.2.2.2
TARBLTH
AND
NESHEK
..................................................
513
2.2.2.3
USING
AND
ABUSING
..................................................
516
2.2.3
DEFENDING THE
CIVIL
LAW
.........................................................
519
2.2.3.1
COMPLIANCE
WITH
THE
DIVINE
LAW
............................
519
2.2.3*2
THE
POWER
OF
THE
MAGISTRATE
...................................
523
2.2.3 3
THE
STERILITY
OF
MONEY
...............................................
526
2.2.4
THE
JUDGMENT
OF
CONSCIENCE
..................................................
527
2.2.4.1
CHARITY
AS
A
GENERAL
CRITERION
...............................
527
2.2.4*2
THE
QUALITIES
OF
THE
PARTIES
......................................
529
2.3
THE
IMPACT
OF
THE
NEW
THEORY
......................................................
530
2.3.1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................................................
530
2.3.2
WESENBECK
*
S
PARATITLA
RECONSIDERED
BY
BACHOF
VON
ECHT
AND
HAHN
..............................................................................
532
2.3.3
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
THEOLOGIANS
ON
THE
JURISTS
.......................
536
2.3.3.1
DENYING
THE
PAYMENT
OF
INTEREST
GOES
AGAINST
CHARITY
.......................................................................
536
2.33.2
THE
REMISSION
OF
DEBT
...........................................
538
2.3.4
RETHINKING
THE
CANON
LAW
......................................................
542
2.3.4.1
A
NEW
GAZE
ON
THE
INTEREST
PROHIBITION
..................
542
2.34.2
THE
NATURE
OF
THE
EMPTIO
REDDLTUUM
.........................
545
2.4
CONCLUSION
.....................................................................................
551
XVIII
CONTENTS
GENERAL
SUMMARY
..............................
556
1
CHRISTIAN
SPIRITUALITY
AND
LAW:
DEVELOPMENTS
AND
SOURCES
.........
556
2
A
BIBLICAL
FRAMEWORK
FOR
CONTRACT
LAW:
BASIC
ELEMENTS
..............
558
3
SELECTED
ISSUES
ON
PARTICULAR
TYPES
OF
CONTRACT
............................
564
4
FROM
LUTHERAN
THEOLOGY
TO
LEGAL
PRACTICE
...................................
572
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.............................................................................
574
1
A
LUTHERAN
THEORY
OF
CONTRACT
LAW?
............................................
574
2
THE
COLLABORATION
BETWEEN
THEOLOGIANS
AND
JURISTS
IN
REGULATING
CONTRACTS
......................................................................
576
3
THE
LUTHERAN
THEORY
OF
INTEREST
AND
THE
MORALITY
OF
THE
MARKETPLACE
...................................................................................
578
4
THE
FATE
OF
THE
LUTHERAN CONTRACT
LAW:
SOME
HYPOTHESES
...........
580
BIBLIOGRAPHY
...............................
585
1
PRIMARY
SOURCES
...............................................................................
585
1.1
ROMAN
LAW,
CANON
LAW,
PROVINCIAL
LAW
AND
IMPERIAL
LAW
...........................................................................
585
1.2
HOLY
BIBLE
................................................................................
585
1.3
CLASSICAL
AUTHORS
......................................................................
585
1.4
LATE
MEDIEVAL
AUTHORS
.............................................................
586
1.5
EARLY
MODEM
AUTHORS
...........................................................
587
2
SECONDARY
SOURCES
...........................................................................
598
2.1
DICTIONARIES
AND
ENCYCLOPEDIAS
...............................................
598
2.2
MONOGRAPHIES
AND
ARTICLES
......................................................
606
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Astorri, Paolo |
author_GND | (DE-588)1195177186 |
author_facet | Astorri, Paolo |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Astorri, Paolo |
author_variant | p a pa |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV046082515 |
classification_rvk | NN 1940 PW 4250 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1113171444 (DE-599)DNB1173723285 |
discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Geschichte |
era | Geschichte 1520-1720 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1520-1720 |
format | Thesis Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
geographic | Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd |
geographic_facet | Deutschland |
id | DE-604.BV046082515 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:34:43Z |
institution | BVB |
institution_GND | (DE-588)2178840-6 |
isbn | 9783506701503 3506701509 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031463584 |
oclc_num | 1113171444 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-11 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-384 |
owner_facet | DE-11 DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-384 |
physical | XX, 657 Seiten 23.5 cm x 15.5 cm |
publishDate | 2019 |
publishDateSearch | 2019 |
publishDateSort | 2019 |
publisher | Ferdinand Schöningh |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period / Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit |
spelling | Astorri, Paolo Verfasser (DE-588)1195177186 aut Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) Paolo Astorri Paderborn Ferdinand Schöningh [2019] © 2019 XX, 657 Seiten 23.5 cm x 15.5 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period / Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit Vol. 1 Dissertation Catholic University of Leuven 2018 Geschichte 1520-1720 gnd rswk-swf Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd rswk-swf Luthertum (DE-588)4036718-6 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Luthertum (DE-588)4036718-6 s Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 s Geschichte 1520-1720 z DE-604 Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh (DE-588)2178840-6 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-657-70150-6 Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period Vol. 1 (DE-604)BV046251865 1 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4ddca9b92fa6455f82fb82c8a771f062&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext https://www.recensio.net/r/4af8d61bfb8a4c358f72cc87282b7764 rezensiert in: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung (ZHF), 48 (2021), 2, S. 367-369 Rezension DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031463584&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Astorri, Paolo Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd Luthertum (DE-588)4036718-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4063283-0 (DE-588)4036718-6 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
title | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) |
title_auth | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) |
title_exact_search | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) |
title_full | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) Paolo Astorri |
title_fullStr | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) Paolo Astorri |
title_full_unstemmed | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany (ca. 1520-1720) Paolo Astorri |
title_short | Lutheran theology and contract law in early modern Germany |
title_sort | lutheran theology and contract law in early modern germany ca 1520 1720 |
title_sub | (ca. 1520-1720) |
topic | Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd Luthertum (DE-588)4036718-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Vertragsrecht Luthertum Deutschland Hochschulschrift |
url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=4ddca9b92fa6455f82fb82c8a771f062&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm https://www.recensio.net/r/4af8d61bfb8a4c358f72cc87282b7764 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031463584&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV046251865 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT astorripaolo lutherantheologyandcontractlawinearlymoderngermanyca15201720 AT verlagferdinandschoningh lutherantheologyandcontractlawinearlymoderngermanyca15201720 |