Principles of Lithography:
Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser: Levinson, Harry J. (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Bellingham, Washington, USA SPIE Press [2019]
Ausgabe:Fourth edition
Schlagworte:
Beschreibung:Chapter 1 Overview of Lithography; Problems; Chapter 2 Optical Pattern Formation; 2.1 The Problem of Imaging; 2.2 Aerial Images; 2.3 The Contributions of Physics and Chemistry; 2.4 Focus; Problems; References; Chapter 3 Photoresists; 3.1 Positive and Negative Resists; 3.2 Adhesion Promotion; 3.3 Resist Spin Coating, Softbake,
- and Hardbake; 3.4 Photochemistry of Novolak/DNQ g- and i-line Resists; 3.5 Acid-Catalyzed DUV Resists; 3.6 Development and Post-Exposure Bakes; 3.7 Operational Characterization; 3.8 Line-Edge Roughness; 3.9 Multilayer Resist Processes; Problems; References; Chapter 4 Modeling and Thin-Film Effects; 4.1 Models of Optical Imaging; 4.2 Aberrations; 4.3 Modeling Photochemical Reactions; 4.4 Thin-Film Optical Effects; 4.5 Post-Exposure Bakes; 4.6 Methods for Addressing the Problems of Reflective Substrates; 4.7 Development; 4.8 Quantum Effects and Modeling; 4.9 Summary of Modeling; Problems; References; Chapter 5 Wafer Steppers and Scanners; 5.1 Overview; 5.2 Light Sources; 5.3 Illumination Systems; 5.4 Reduction Lenses; 5.5 Autofocus Systems; 5.6 The Wafer Stage; 5.7 Scanning; 5.8 Dual-Stage Exposure Tools; 5.9 Lithography Exposure Tools before Steppers; Problems; References; Chapter 6 Overlay; 6.1 Alignment Systems; 6.1.1 Classification of alignment systems; 6.1.2 Optical
- methods for alignment and wafer-to-reticle referencing; 6.1.3 Number of alignment marks; 6.2 Overlay Models; 6.3 Matching; 6.4 Process-Dependent Overlay Effects; Problems; References; Chapter 7 Masks and Reticles; 7.1 Overview; 7.2 Mask Blanks; 7.3 Mechanical Optical-Pattern Generators; 7.4 Electron-Beam Lithography and Single-Beam Mask Writers; 7.5 Multi-Electron-Beam Mask Writers; 7.6 Optical Mask Writers; 7.7 Resists for Mask Making; 7.8 Etching; 7.9 Pellicles; 7.10 Mask-Defect Inspection and Repair; Problems; References; Chapter 8 Confronting the Diffraction Limit; 8.1 Off-Axis Illumination; 8.2 Optical Proximity Effects; 8.3 The Mask-Error Enhancement Factor (MEEF); 8.4 Phase-Shifting Masks; 8.5 Putting It All Together; Problems; References; Chapter 9 Metrology; 9.1 Linewidth Measurement; 9.1.1 Linewidth measurement using scanning electron microscopes; 9.1.2 Scatterometry; 9.1.3 Electrical linewidth measurement; 9.2 Measurement of Overlay; Problems;
- References; Chapter 10 Immersion Lithography and the Limits of Optical Lithography; 10.1 Immersion Lithography; 10.2 The Diffraction Limit; 10.3 Improvements in Optics; 10.4 Maximum Numerical Aperture; 10.5 The Shortest Wavelength; 10.6 Improved Photoresists; 10.7 Flatter Wafers; 10.8 How Low Can k1 Go?; 10.9 How Far Can Optical Lithography Be Extended?; 10.10 Multiple Patterning; 10.11 Interferometric Lithography; Problems; References; Chapter 11 Lithography Costs; 11.1 Cost-of-Ownership; 11.1.1 Capital costs; 11.1.2 Consumables; 11.1.3 Mask costs; 11.1.4 Rework; 11.1.5 Metrology; 11.1.6 Maintenance costs; 11.1.7 Labor costs; 11.1.8 Facilities costs; 11.2 Mix-and-Match Strategies; Problems; References; Chapter 12 Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography; 12.1 Background and Multilayer Reflectors; 12.2 EUV Lithography System Overview; 12.3 EUV Masks; 12.4 Sources and Illuminators; 12.5 EUV Optics; 12.6 EUV Resists; Problems; References; Chapter 13
- Alternative Lithography Techniques; 13.1 Proximity X-ray Lithography; 13.2 Electron-Beam Direct-Write Lithography; 13.2.1 Single-beam direct-write systems; 13.2.2 Multiple-electron-beam direct-write systems; 13.2.3 Cell-projection lithography; 13.2.4 Scattering-mask electron-projection lithography; 13.3 Ion-Projection Lithography; 13.4 Imprint Lithography; 13.5 Directed Self-Assembly; Problems; References; Appendix A Coherence; Problems; References
Beschreibung:xvi, 571 pages illustrations
ISBN:9781510627604

Es ist kein Print-Exemplar vorhanden.

Fernleihe Bestellen Achtung: Nicht im THWS-Bestand!