Marine mammals: adaptations for an aquatic life
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham
Springer
2019
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 302 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9783319982786 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804180301117652992 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Randall W Davis
Marine Mammals
Adaptations for an Aquatic Life
Springer
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1 1 Physical Challenges of the Marine Environment 1
1 2 Physiological Homeostasis 2
1 3 Chapter Sequence 3
2 Return to the Sea: The Evolution of Marine Mammals 7
2 1 Cetacea 7
211 Archaeoceti 7
212 Mysticeti 12
213 Odontoceti 1 4
2 2 Sirenia ^ 16
2 3 Pinnipedia 18
2 4 Sea Otters 20
2 5 Evolution of Physiological Adaptations for Aquatic Life 21
2 6 Summary 23
References 25
3 Respiration and the Effects of Pressure 29
3 1 The Alveolar Lungs of Marine Mammals 29
3 2 Lung Volume and Diffusing Capacity 30
3 3 Cartilaginous and Smooth Muscle Reinforcement
of Airways 31
3 4 Pulmonary Function 32
3 5 Respiratory Control 35
3 6 Effects of Pressure 37
361 Barotrauma 38
362 Blood Gases 43
363 Effects of Pressure on Proteins and Cell Membranes:
High-Pressure Nervous Syndrome 49
3 7 Summary 50
References 52
4 Metabolism and Thermoregulation 57
4 1 Basal Metabolic Rate and Allometry 57
4 2 Thermoregulation 63
421 Physiological Thermoregulation 63
422 Behavioral Thermoregulation 81
4 3 Summary 83
References 85
ix
X Contents
5 Locomotion 89
5 1 Body Shape and Drag 89
511 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 89
512 Drag 92
5 2 Thrust and Swimming Modes 98
521 Fully Aquatic Marine Mammals 98
522 Amphibious Marine Mammals 101
5 3 Energetics 105
531 Power Produced by Contracting Muscles 105
532 Measuring the Energetics of Swimming 105
533 The Influence of Body Mass on Swimming
Energetics 110
534 Cost per Stroke (CPS) 110
535 Cost of Transport (COT) - 112
536 Swim Speed 114
5 4 Buoyancy 115
541 The Effect of Buoyancy During Dives 116
542 Does Negative Buoyancy Conserve Energy
and Extend Aerobic Dive Duration? 117
543 Individual Differences in Buoyancy 121
544 Seasonal Changes in Buoyancy 122
545 Drift Dives J 123
546 Positively Buoyant Marine Mammals 124
5 5 Summary 127
References 129
6 Physiological Adaptations for Breath-Hold Diving 133
6 1 The Dive Response 133
611A Historical Perspective 133
612 The Role of the Dive Response During
Voluntary Dives 138
6 2 Autonomic and Conscious Control of the Dive Response 143
6 3 The Role of Globins and Body Oxygen Stores 146
6 4 Tissue Level Adaptations for Maintaining Aerobic
Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle 151
641 Convective Oxygen Transport and Capillarity 151
642 Myoglobin Distribution 152
643 Fiber Types 153
644 Mitochondrial Volume Density 155
645 Enzyme Activities 156
646 Lipid Droplets 157
6 5 Tissue Level Adaptations for Maintaining Aerobic
Metabolism in Other Organs 157
651 Heart 157
652 Splanchnic Organs 158
653 Kidneys 158
6 6 Renal and Splanchnic Organ Function 158
6 7 Brain Function 161
Contents xi
6 8 Oxidative Stress 163
6 9 Fuel Homeostasis 163
6 10 Summary 167
References 168
7 Sensory Systems 177
7 1 Photoreception (Vision) 177
711 Cetacea 179
712 Pinnipedia 181
713 Sirenia 183
714 Sea Otters 183
7 2 Mechanoreception 184
721 Audition and Sound Production 184
722 Vestibular System 191
723 Sense of Touch and Vibrissae 193
7 3 Thermoreception 195
7 4 Chemoreception 196
741 Olfaction (Smell) 196
742 Vomeronasal System 198
743 Gustation (Taste) 199
,7 5 Electroreception 203
7 6 Magnetoreception 203
7 7 Summary 207
References 210
8 Feeding and Digestion 219
8 1 Morphological Adaptations for Acquiring Food 219
811 Cetacea 219
812 Pinnipedia 228
813 Sea Otters 238
814 Sirenia 241
8 2 Digestion 244
821 Carnivory 245
822 Herbivory 246
8 3 Lactation 247
8 4 Fasting 255
8 5 Summary 256
References 259
9 Sleep 267
9 1 Terrestrial Mammals 267
9 2 Cetacea 268
9 3 Pinnipedia 269
931 Otariidae 269
932 Phocidae 269
933 Odobenidae 271
9 4 Sirenia 271
9 5 Sea Otters 272
9 6 Sleep Strategies 272
xii Contents
961 Cetacea 273
962 Otariidae 273
963 Phocidae and Odobenidae 274
964 Sirenia 274
965 Sea Otters 275
9 7 Comparison of Sleep Strategies 275
9 8 Summary 276
References 277
Appendix 1 List of Abbreviations and Symbols 279
Appendix 2 List of Marine Mammals by Latin and Common Name 281
Appendix 3 Maximum Recorded Dive Depths and Durations
for Marine Mammals 287
Appendix 4 Estimated Energy Efficiency of an Average Mid-water
Foraging Dive for a Weddell Seal in McMurdo Sound During
the Austral Spring 295
Glossary 297
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:33:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319982786 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xii, 302 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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| spelling | Davis, Randall W. 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)120110386X aut Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life Randell W. Davis Cham Springer 2019 xii, 302 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Meeressäugetiere (DE-588)4169251-2 gnd rswk-swf Tierphysiologie (DE-588)4060126-2 gnd rswk-swf Meeressäugetiere (DE-588)4169251-2 s Tierphysiologie (DE-588)4060126-2 s DE-188 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031423461&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Davis, Randall W. 1952- Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life Meeressäugetiere (DE-588)4169251-2 gnd Tierphysiologie (DE-588)4060126-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169251-2 (DE-588)4060126-2 |
| title | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life |
| title_auth | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life |
| title_exact_search | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life |
| title_full | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life Randell W. Davis |
| title_fullStr | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life Randell W. Davis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life Randell W. Davis |
| title_short | Marine mammals |
| title_sort | marine mammals adaptations for an aquatic life |
| title_sub | adaptations for an aquatic life |
| topic | Meeressäugetiere (DE-588)4169251-2 gnd Tierphysiologie (DE-588)4060126-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meeressäugetiere Tierphysiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031423461&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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