The world of the crusades: a daily life encyclopedia Volume 2 Politics and warfare to science and technology
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Santa Barbara, CA
ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
[2019]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, Seiten 411-827 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781440854644 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface, xv Acknowledgments, xvii Introduction: The World of the Crusades, xix Chronology, xxxiii VOLUME 1 Arts, 1 Introduction, 1 Alhambra Palace, 2 Chanson de Geste, 5 Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 7 Constantinople, Artistic Treasures of, 10 Crown of Thoms, 13 Crusader Castles, 14 Crusader Illuminated Manuscripts, 17 Gothic Architecture, 20 Hagia Sophia, 22 Holy Lance, 25 Islamic Art, 27 Islamic Culture, 30 Islamic Poetry, 33 Jewish Chroniclers and Historians, 35 Latin Christian Chroniclers and Historians, 37 Montjoie, 41 Music and the Crusades, 43 Muslim Chroniclers and Historians, 45 Nur ad-Din, Promotion of the Arts, 48 v
vi I Contents Prester John, Legend of, 51 Qur’an, Latin Translations of, 54 Relics, Looting of, 56 Romanesque Architecture, 59 Sainte Chapelle, 61 Symbols of the Crusading Orders, 63 True Cross, 66 Economics and Work, 69 Introduction, 69 Agriculture and the Crusader States, 71 Baltic States Trade, 73 Banking and the Templars, 76 Blacksmiths, 78 Byzantine and Latin Christian Trade, 80 Byzantine and Muslim Trade, 83 Colonialism and Crusading, 85 Cooks, 88 Crusade Charters and the Cost of Crusading, 92 Crusade Tax, 94 Crusader Coinage, 96 Economic Motives of the Crusaders, 98 Economies of the Crusader States, 102 Exports from the Crusader States, 104 Family Funding of Crusaders, 107 Imports to the Crusader States, 108 Italian Merchants, 110 Labor in the Crusader States, 112 Landowners, 115 Laundresses, 118 Pillage and Plunder, 120 Planning for a Crusade, 123 Port Cities in the Crusader States, 126 Prostitution, 129 Silk Roads, 132 Slavery and the Crusades, 134 Taxation in the Cmsader States, 138 Family and Gender, 141 Introduction, 141 Amazons, 142
Aristocratic Women, 144 Children’s Crusade, 148 Christian Marriage, 150 Christian Women, Muslim Views of, 153 Dynastic Succession in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 156 Effeminate Greeks, 160 Eroticized Muslim Women, 162 Knightly Masculinity, 164 Masculinity and the Crusades, 167 Motherhood, 170 Muslim and Christian Intermarriage, 173 Muslim Polygamy, 175 Primogeniture, 178 Rape and the First Crusade, 180 Sexual Promiscuity, 183 Virgin Mary, 185 Wives, Abandonment of, 188 Wives as an Impediment, 191 Women and Prayer, 193 Women and the Siege of Antioch (1098), 195 Women as Combatants, 198 Women Captives, Plight of, 200 Women, Efforts to Ban from Crusades, 203 Women on the Home Front, 206 Women, Participation of, 209 Fashion and Appearance, 213 Introduction, 213 Arab Dress, 214 Arab Hairstyles, 217 Byzantine Uniforms, 219 Christian Women’s Clothing, 221 Clerical Dress, 224 Clerical Hairstyles, 226 Climate and Clothing in the Holy Land, 228 Crusader’s Cross and Clothing, 231 Hospitaller Uniforms, 233 Hygiene and Islamic Law, 236 Hygiene in Latin Christendom, 238 Hygiene in the Holy Land, 240 Jewelry, 242
viii I Contents Knightly Dress, 243 Knightly Hairstyles, 246 Muslim Women’s Clothing, 248 Native Clothing, Adoption of in the Holy Land, 251 Peasant Clothing, 253 Templar Uniforms, 255 Textiles, 259 Turkish Dress, 260 Turkish Hairstyles, 262 Undergarments, 265 Food and Drink, 267 Introduction, 267 Agricultural Seasons and Crusading, 269 Beer, 271 Bread, 273 Byzantine Logistical Support of the Crusaders, 275 Cannibalism, 278 Christian Fasting, 280 Crusader Armies, Feeding of, 282 Culinary Impact of the Crusades on Europe, 285 Feasts, 288 Food, 290 Food Preservation, 292 Food Shortages, 294 Food and Siege Warfare, 297 Hunting, 299 Jewish Dietary Laws, 302 Living Off the Land, 304 Meat, 307 Men as Providers of Food, 309 Muslim Dietary Laws, 311 Muslim Fasting, 313 Poison, 315 Popular Foods in Europe, 318 Popular Foods in the Holy Land, 320 Spices, 322 Starvation, 324 Vegetables, 327 Water, 329
Wine, 331 Women as Providers of Water, 334 Housing and Community, 337 Introduction, 337 Abuse of Christians in the East before the First Crusade, 339 Armenian Views of the Crusaders, 341 Byzantine Views of the Crusaders, 344 Convivencia, 347 Crusader Atrocities against Non-Christians, 349 Dhimmi Status, 352 Eastern Christian Groups, 355 Jewish Communities in Europe, 357 Jewish Communities in the Holy Land, 361 Jihadist Atrocities against Non-Muslims, 363 Knights Hospitaller, Conversion to a Military Order, 366 Knights Templar, Founding of (1119), 368 Knights Templar, Temple Mount Headquarters of, 372 Latin Christians as Barbarians in Muslim Sources, 374 Latin Christians in the Holy Land after 1291, 376 Massacre of Latin Christians in Constantinople (1182), 379 Monastic Life in the Military Orders, 382 Mongols, Christian Efforts to Convert, 384 Muslim Peoples, 387 Muslim Reactions to the Crusader States, 389 Muslims as Barbarians in Crusader Sources, 392 Populating the Crusader States, 395 Sleep, 398 Spanish Military Orders, Establishment of, 401 Sunni and Shia Conflicts, 403 Teutonic Knights, Founding of, 405 Turkish and Arab Conflicts, 408 VOLUME 2 Politics and Warfare, 411 Introduction, 411 “Battle of the Blacks” (1169), 413 Byzantine Empire, Impact of Crusading on, 415 Byzantine Empire, Recruitment of Western Warriors, 418
x Į Contents Byzantine Empire, Requests for Military Aid, 421 Christian Calls to Reclaim the Holy Land after 1291, 424 Christian-Islamic Conflict before the Crusades, 427 Criticism of Crusading, 430 Crusader Attacks on Christians, 433 Cmsader Queens, 435 Crusader States, Establishment of (1097-1109), 437 Crusader States, Fall of, 440 “Defensive Wars,” Crusades as, 443 Desertion, 446 Edessä, Fall of (Second Crusade, 1144), 448 Export of Violence Theory and Crusading, 451 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250), 454 Heretics, Crusades against, 457 Islamic Dynasties, 459 Jerusalem, Fall of (Third Crusade, 1187), 462 Jihad, Appeal of, 464 Latin Empire of Constantinople, Establishment of (1204), 466 Lay Enthusiasm for Crusading, 469 Louis IX, King of France (1214-1270), 473 Monarchs, Participation of in Crusading, 475 Mongols, Impact of on the Crusades, 478 Muslim Disunity and the First Crusade, 481 Nur ad-Din, Resistance of to the Crusaders, 483 Political Crusades in Europe, 485 Ransom of Prisoners, 488 Reconquista, 490 Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria (1137-1193), 494 Turkish Threat to Europe, 497 Recreation and Social Customs, 501 Introduction, 501 Chastity, 502 Christian Prisoners, Treatment of, 504 Crusader’s Vow, 507 Crusading as an Armed Pilgrimage, 509 Drug Use, 511 Drunkenness, 513 Eastern Christians, Life for in the Crusader States, 515 Etiquette, 518
Going Native, 520 Heraldry, 523 Holidays, 525 Idleness, 528 Interfaith Relations, 530 Jews, Life for in the Crusader States, 532 Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Legal System of, 535 Muslim and Christian Friendship, 538 Muslim Prisoners, Treatment of, 540 Muslims, Life for in the Crusader States, 542 Oaths, 545 Pilgrimage, Hazards of, 547 Pilgrimage and Pilgrimage Sites, 550 Punishment of Crimes, 553 Siege Negotiations, 556 Social Interaction, 558 Social Status of Local Peoples, 561 Religion and Beliefs, 564 Introduction, 564 “Act of Love,” Crusading as, 565 Bible and Crusade Preaching, 568 Bible, Holy War in, 570 Canon Law and Crusading, 573 Christian Holy War before the Crusades, 576 Christian Reconciliation Efforts, 579 Clerical Preaching, 582 Dominican Order, 585 Ecclesiastical Councils and the Crusades, 587 Franciscan Order, 590 Holy War, Crusading as, 593 Indulgences, 595 Islamic Law, 598 Jerusalem, Religious Significance of, 600 Jesus in Crusade Preaching, 602 Jihad, 605 Martyrdom (Christian), 607 Martyrdom (Islamic), 609 Missionary Efforts, 611 Personal Holiness, Necessity of for Military Success, 614
xii I Contents Praise of God for Military Victories, 616 Protestant Views of the Crusades, 619 Religious Appeal of Crusading, 621 Religious Conversion, 624 Saintly Intercession, 627 Sin and Military Defeat, 629 Urban II, Pope (r. 1088-1099), Promotion of the First Crusade, 632 Science and Technology, 636 Introduction, 636 Archers (Crusader), 637 Archers (Muslim), 640 Armor (Crusader), 642 Armor (Muslim), 644 Cavalry (Byzantine), 646 Cavalry (Muslim), 648 Cavalry (Western), 650 Defensive Walls, 653 Disease, 657 Greek Fire, 659 Gunpowder, 661 Handheld Weapons (Crusader), 664 Handheld Weapons (Muslim), 666 Hospitals, 668 Medical Practitioners in the Crusader States, 671 Muslim Learning, European Exposure to, 673 Muslim Views of Crusader Medicine, 675 Muslim Views of Crusaders as Uneducated, 678 Naval Technology, 680 Naval Warfare, 682 Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, 685 Siege Engines, 687 Siege Mining, 690 Siege Warfare, 693 Surgery, 696 Translations of Islamic Texts, 699 Trebuchet, 702 Universities, 704
Contents I xiii Primary Documents, 709 Charlemagne Laments the Death of Roland in La Chanson de Roland (eleventh century), 709 Albert of Aachen on the Crusaders’ Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews (1096), 711 Albert of Aachen on Godfrey’s Negotiations with the Byzantine Emperor for the Purchase of Food in Constantinople (1096), 713 Count Stephen’s Letter to His Wife Adele on the Successes and Hardships of the Battle of Antioch during the First Crusade (1098), 716 Letter of Manasses to Lambert on the Jubilation of Conquering Jerusalem and a Request for Aid from the West (ca. 1099), 718 Godfrey’s Letter to Pope Paschal II on Cannibalism during the First Crusade (1099), 719 Fulcher of Chartres on Bohemund and Baldwin’s Completion of Their Crusading Vows (1099), 721 Fulcher of Chartres on “Going Native” in the Holy Land, 723 The Gesta Francorum on Hunger during the First Crusade (ca. 1101), 724 The Gesta Francorum on Women as a Source of Sin and Failure of the Crusading Army during the First Crusade (ca. 1101), 726 The Gesta Francorum on the Discovery of the Holy Lance and Its Effect on Morale (ca. 1101), 728 The Gesta Francorum on the Siege Weapons and Tactics Used in the Crusaders’ Conquest of Jerusalem (ca. 1101), 730 Raymond ď Aguiliers on the Crusaders Overcoming the Defensive Walls of Jerusalem (ca. 1105), 732 Baldric of Dol on Pope Urban II’s Speech Admonishing Western Knights to Unify in Defense of Eastern Christians (ca. 1107), 734 Robert the Monk’s Version of Pope Urban II’s Speech on the Abuse of Christians in the Holy Land (ca. 1107), 736 Guibert of Nogent on Pope
Urban II’s Speech on the Religious Significance of Jerusalem (ca. 1109), 737 Ekkehard of Aurach on the Appearance of the First Crusaders, 739 Economic Privileges and Inducements Offered to Crusaders by Pope Eugenius III (1145), 742 Bernard of Clairvaux on the Second Crusade as a means of Salvation for Otherwise Sinful Knights (1146), 744 Bemard of Clairvaux Wams Participants of the Second Cmsade Not to Attack Jews (1146), 746 Geoffrey of Clairvaux’s Defense of Bemard of Clairvaux, 748
xiv I Contents Anna Comnena on the Bad Manners of the Crusaders (ca. 1148), 750 Beha ed-Din on How the Crusaders’ Thirst Led to Their Loss at the Battle of Hattin ( 1187), 751 Beha ed-Din on Arab Custom and the Treatment of Prisoners after the Battle of Hattin (1187), 752 Imad ad-Din on the Abuse of Christian Women after the Capture of Jerusalem (1187), 754 Imad ad-Din on Christian Women as Combatants during the Third Crusade, 755 Imad ad-Din on the Appearance of Frankish Women as Prostitutes, 757 Usamah on Western or “Frankish” Medicine, 759 Usamah’s Positive Reflections on Christian and Muslim Piety, 760 Economic Privileges and Inducements Offered to Crusaders by Pope Innocent III, 761 Geoffrey de Villehardouin’s Description of the Spoils of Constantinople (1204), 763 Nicetas Choniates on the Crusaders’ Plunder of the Treasures of Constantinople (1204), 765 Nicetas Choniates on the Destruction of Ancient Art in the Latin Sack of Constantinople (1204), 767 Jacques de Vitry on the Founding of the Templars, 769 Jacques de Vitry on the Immoral Lifestyle and Customs of the Pullani, 771 Burchard of Mount Sion on the Appearance, Hygiene, and Lifestyles of Muslims and Christians (ca. 1283), 773 Ludolph of Suchem on Christian Disunity and the Muslim Conquest of Acre (1291), 775 Ludolph of Suchem on the Fortifications of the City of Acre and Its Conquest (1291), 778 Bibliography, 781 Index, 793
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| spelling | Holt, Andrew Verfasser (DE-588)1189696061 aut The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia Volume 2 Politics and warfare to science and technology Andrew Holt Santa Barbara, CA ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC [2019] xiv, Seiten 411-827 Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV046029130 2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031411033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Holt, Andrew The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia |
| title | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia |
| title_auth | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia |
| title_exact_search | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia |
| title_full | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia Volume 2 Politics and warfare to science and technology Andrew Holt |
| title_fullStr | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia Volume 2 Politics and warfare to science and technology Andrew Holt |
| title_full_unstemmed | The world of the crusades a daily life encyclopedia Volume 2 Politics and warfare to science and technology Andrew Holt |
| title_short | The world of the crusades |
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| title_sub | a daily life encyclopedia |
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