Up against the wall: the KGB and Latvia
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Karte |
| Sprache: | English |
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Warwick
Helion & Company Limited
2019
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Ortsregister Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 346 Seiten, 32 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits |
| ISBN: | 1911628836 9781911628835 |
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Contents List of Illustrations List of Maps Preface Acknowledgements The timeline of Soviet state security agencies On Soviet times. iv vi vii viii xi xii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 13 28 39 54 60 78 91 106 121 132 142 150 164 173 185 199 210 218 241 252 265 277 286 293 305 318 The Year of Terror 1940-41 Massacre in Liepaja: the Zilais brīnums Riga’s heart of darkness: the Stūra Māja Say our names - murder at the Central Prison Lenin and the Latvian Riflemen The Civil War and War of Independence Stalin’s Purges The Cheka back in charge The whispering society Gravestones and gulags Secret cities and bunker battles Siberian slave camps A wilderness of misery Post-war chaos Cold War spies and double agents Radishes and tomatoes The beautiful Soviet paradise KGB booklets in the West Human rights and the Communist system Censorship and thought control Forbidden questions A meeting of politically repressed people Untangling a double life The end of the KGB and the ‘Cheka bags’ Champagne, confessions and legacies A new beginning for the Stūra Māja Bibliography Index 331 338
Bibliography Alkis, I (ed) Pretestības Kustība Okupacijas Varam Latvija: Atminas Un Dokumentos No 1941 Lidz 1956 Gama (Rīga: Solvita, 1997). Andrew, C and Gordievsky, O. KGB: The Inside Story OfIts Foreign Operations From Lenin To Gorbachev. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1990). Andrew, C and Mitrokhin, V. The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West (London: Penguin, 1999). Applebaum, A. Gulag: A History (London: Penguin, 2003). Baltic Yearbook of International Law, Vol 1 2001, edited by Ineta Žiemele. (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002). Barmine, A. One Who Survived: The Life Story OfA Russian Under The Soviets (New York: G.P. Putnam, 1945). Bennett, G. Cowans War: The Story OfBritish Naval Operations In The Baltic 1918— 1920 (London: Collins, 1964). Bergmanis, A. and Zālīte, I. The Political Surveillance Role Played By The Committee For State Security (KGB) Of The Latvian SSR, 1940—1991, chapter in Latvia and Latvians, Volume II. (Riga: Latvian Academy of Sciences, 2018). Birstein, Dr V.J. The Perversion of Knowledge: The True Story Of Soviet Science (Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2004). Bower, T. The Red Web: MI6 and the KGB Master Coup (London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1993). Butler, R. Stalins Secret Police (London: Amber Books, 2015). Buttar, P. The Splintered Empires — the Eastern Front 1917—1921 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2017). Buzinska, I. Bernu Pasaule (Rīga: Raktuve, 2008). Carpentier, J. (ed) The Emergence ofHuman Rights in Europe: An Anthology (Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2001). Celmiņa, H. Women in Soviet Prisons (New York:
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332 UP AGAINST THE WALL Eglitis, O. Non-Violent Action In The Liberation OfLatvia Monograph Series number 5, The Albert Einstein Institution, 1993 (originally from the University of Wisconsin ֊ Madison). Eksterns, M. Walking Since Daybreak: A Story OfEastern Europe, World War Two And The Heart Of Our Century. (New York, Mariner Books, 2000). Ezergailis, A. Nazi/Soviet Disinformation about the Holocaust: Daugavas Vanagi — Who are They? Revisited (Rīga: Latvijas 50 gadu okupācijas muzeja fonds (OMF), 2005). Ezergailis, A: The 1917 Revolution in Latvia (Boulder, CO: Eastern European Quarterly [Columbia University Press] 1974). Ezergailis, A. The Latvian Impact On The Bolshevik Revolution (Boulder, CO: Eastern European Monographs [Columbia University Press], 1983). Figes, О. The Whisperers: Private Life In Russia (London: Penguin, 2008). Gerson, L. The Secret Police in Lenin’s Russia (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976). Gide, A. Return From The USSR (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1964). Gordon, F. Latvians And Jews: Between Germany And Russia (Stockholm: Memento, Daugavas Vanagi, 2001). Heer, H. and Naumann, К. War OfExtermination: The German Military In World War II (New York: Berghahn Books, 2004). Hiden, J and Salmon, P. The Baltic Nations and Europe—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the 20th Century (Harlow: Longman Books, 1996). Great Soviet Encyclopaedia, The. 1974 edition of 31 volumes. (London: Collier Macmillan, 1974-1983). Hutchinson, J. Late Imperial Russia 1890—1917 (London: Longman, 1999). Iwaskiw, W.R. (ed). Latvia: A Country Study. (Washington: GPO
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 333 Kalniete, S. With Dance Shoes în Siberian Snows (London: Dalkey Archive Press, 2009). Kiersons, S. Boys Of The Dvina: Latvia’s Army 1918-1940 (Lulu.com, 2013). Kizny, T. Gulag: Life And Death Inside The Concentration Camps (Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2004). Klaas, В. The Despot’s Accomplice: How the West is Aiding and Abetting the Decline of Democracy London: C. Hurst and Co, 2016). Knaģis, I. There Was Such A Time —Memoirs (Fund Sibīrijas Berni, 2009). Korbel, J. Poland Between East And West: Soviet And German Diplomacy Toward Poland, 1919—1933 (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2015). Krivitsky, W. In Stalins Secret Service (New York: Enigma Books, 2000). Kung, A. A Dream Of Freedom: Four Decades Of National Survival Versus Russian Imperialism In Estonia, Latvia And Lithuania 1940—1980 (Cardiff: Boreas Publishing House, 1980). Lācis,V. Latvia: Our Dream Is Coming True (London: Soviet Booklets, 1959). Lenoe, M.E. The Kirov Murder and Soviet History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010). Leonard, R. Secret Soldiers of the Revolution: Soviet Military Intelligence 1918—1933 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999). Levytsky, B. The Uses Of Terror— The Soviet Secret Service 1917—70 (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1971). Lewin, M. The Soviet Century (London: Verso, 2005). Lockhart, R.H. Memoirs ofa British Agent (London: Shenval Press, 1932). Lodder, C. The Experiments At The Vkhutemas Schoolin Pisch, A. The Personality Cult Of Stalin In Soviet Posters, 1929—1953: Archetypes, inventions and fabrications. pl68. (Canberra: ANU Press, 2016). Longley, D. The
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334 UP AGAINST THE WALL Ozola, A and Jansons, R. Sibīrijas Vēstulēs Uz Berza Tass — Cilvēks Padomju Represiju Sistema 1941—1956[Birch Bark Lettersfrom Siberia] (Tukums: Tukums Museum, 2011). Pabriks A. and Purs, A. Latvia: The Challenges ofChange (2013 edition, first published Abingdon: Routledge, 2001). Patenaude, B.M. The Big Show In Bololand: The American relief expedition to Soviet Russia in the famine of 1921 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002). Pettäi, E-C. Memory and Pluralism in the Baltic States (Abingdon: Routledge, 2014) Pettäi, E-C and Pettäi, V. Transitional and Retrospective Justice in the Baltic States. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015). Philby, K. My Silent War: the autobiography of a spy (New York: Modern Library, 2002). Plakans, A. Experiencing Totalitarianism: The Invasion and Occupation Of Latvia By The USSR And Nazi Germany 1939—1991. (Bloomington, Indiana; Author House, 2007). The Hidden and Forbidden History ofLatvia under Soviet and Nazi Occupations 1940— 1991. (Riga: Institute of the History of Latvia, 2005). Prados, J. Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). Press, B. The Murder oftheJews in Latvia 1941—1945 (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2000). Purs, A and Plakans, A. A Historical Dictionary of Latvia (Lanham: Rowman Littlefield, 2017). Rabinowitch, A. Prelude to Revolution - the Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968). Rashke, R. Useful Enemies: America’s Open-Door Policyfor Nazi War
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 335 Shearer, D. and Khaustov, V. Stalin and the Łubianka: A Documentary History ofthe Political Police and Security Organs in the Soviet Union, 1922-1953 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014). Skujenieks, K. Seeds in Snow (Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2016). Skultans, V. The Testimony ofLives (Abingdon: Routledge, 1998). Skultans, V. Empathy and Healing ֊ Essays In Medical And Narrative Anthropology (New York: Berghahn Books, 2007). Smele, J.D. The ‘Russian Civil Wars 1916—1926: Ten Years That Shook The World (London, Hurst and Company, 2015). Smele, J.D. Civil War in Siberia: The Anti-Bolshevik Government ofAdmiral Kolchak, 1918—1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). Smele, J.D. Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916—1926 (Rowman Littlefield, 2015). Smith, S.A. The Russian Revolution — A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). Solzhenitsyn, A. Gulag Archipelago (London: Collins and Harvill, 1974). Statiev, A. The Soviet Counterinsurgency In The Western Borderlands (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010). Stranga, A. The Birth ofLatvia chapter in The Birth ofLatvia — Art and the Age (Riga: Latvijas Nacionālais mākslās muzej/Neputns, 2018). Suvorov, V. Inside Soviet Military intelligence (New York; Berkley Books, 1984). Swain, G. The Origins Of The Russian Civil War (London: Longman Group Ltd, 1996). Trotsky, L. My Life: An Attempt At An Autobiography. (Pathfinder: Reissue, 1970). Veidemane, A (editor) Lenin and Latvia, (Rīga: Avots’ publishers, 1980). Volodarsky, B. The KGB’s Poison Factory, from
Lenin to Litvinenko. (Barnsley: Prendine Books, 2009). West, N and Tsarov, O. The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets Exposed By The KGB Archives (London: Harper Collins, 1998). Žiemele, I (ed). The Baltic Yearbook of International Law, voi 1 2001. (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002). Zuroff, E. Operation Last Chance: One Man’s Quest to bring Nazi Criminals to Justice (London: Paigrave MacMillan, 2009). Articles Beika, A. Latvians in the Soviet Union: The Victims ofCommunist Terror, 1929—1939 at Crimes Against Humanity website, Latvian site at http://lpra.vip.lv/BULANA/ latvians_in_the_soviet_union.html (accessed 28.08.2018). Gough, Maria. In the Laboratory of Constructivism: Karl Ioganson’s Cold Structures. October 84 (1998): 91-117. doi:10.2307/779210. Kadish, A. Power and Policy in the Latvian Countryside: The Aims, Process and Effects of Collectivisation ofAgriculture, 1940-1949. IB Diploma Programme Extended Essay, unpublished.
336 UP AGAINST THE WALL Kale, S. Latvian Riflemens Young Artists Circle Daile and its Members. Revision ofthe Current Interpretation. Unpublished Phd thesis. Supplied to author. Leonard, R. (2007). From War through Revolution: The Story of the Latvian Rifles. Nebraska, CO: 32nd Annual European Studies Conference. (2007). Loader, M. The Death Of ‘Socialism With A Latvian Face’: The Purge Of The Latvian National Communists, July 1959—1962. Journal of Baltic Studies, Volume 48, 2017, issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2016.1244771 . Loader, M. Beria and Khrushchev: The Power Struggle over Nationality Policy and the Case ofLatvia, Europe-Asia Studies, 68:10, 1759-1792, (2016). Muciņš L. Nošaušana Sevišķā Kārtībā [Shooting on special orders — the crimes of the USSR] paper to 2016 meeting of the Scientific Commission investigating KGB power structures. pl85. (At VDK-izpetes-rakstu-krajums-4sejums_2017-1230decembris_LielaisBralisTeviVero_VDK-un-tas-piesegstrukturas_ISBN_9789934-8587-7-2). Muciņš, L. Genocīds Liepajas Zilajā Brīnumā, (paper supplied to author). Plavnieks, R. Nazi Collaborators On Trial During the Cold War: the Cases against Viktors Arajs and the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police (PhD thesis, University of North Carolina, 2013). Reinsone, S: Forbidden and Sublime Forest Landscapes: NarratedExperiences OfLatvian National Partisan Women Afier World War II, Cold War History, (2015:11): DOI: 10.1080/14682745.2014.986108. Remeikis, T. A Latvian in the Politbureau; A Political Portrait ofArvīds Pelše (Padomju Latvijas Komunists, 1959 In LITUANUS, the Lithuanian
Quarterly Journal Of Arts And Sciences Volume 12, No.l - Spring 1966, available at http://www. lituanus.org/1966/66_l_07Remeikis.html (accessed 28.08.2018). Strods, H and Veremjevs, V. Martyrdom of Latvian citizens in Vyatlag in 1938— 1956 (Latvijas pilsoņu martiroloģijs Vjatlagã. 1938—1956) (2567 Vjatlaga mocekļu īsbiogrāfijas) at http://doc.mod.gov.lv/lv/gramatas/VJATLAG/files/ vjatlag_2006.pdf . Swain, G. Latvia’s Democratic Resistance: A Forgotten Episode from the Second World War, European History Quarterly, no 2, 2009. Tahk, К. A Revolution Beyond Borders: The Soviet Art ofthe Latvian Riflemen (Funding report for the American Councils for International Education, 2014, online). Toivo, U., 2006. Violence and Activism in the Baltic Provinces during the Revolution of 1905. Acta Historica Tallinnensia, 10, p.48—59. Volkava, E. The Kazakh Famine 1930—33, www.WilsonCenter.org . Dvds 25 March 1949: three documentary films about the 1949 deportations, featuring interview selections by Andrejs Edvīns Feldmanis and Lelde Neimane. Latvijas Okupacijas Muzeja Biedrība (OMB) 2016. Klucis: The Deconstruction OfAn Artist- documentary by Pēteris Krilovs. VFS Films, 2015.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 337 We Were Free Latvian Citizens — documentary film by the Occupation Museum Association of Latvia (2008). Interviews conducted by author: Ruta Bonner, Pāvils Brūvers, Martin Dale, Iveta Derkusova, Inese Dreimane, Gints Eisters, Maruta Eistere, Andrejs Edvīns Feldmanis, Kristina Jarinovska, Sandra Kalniete, Martins Kaprans, Pēteris Krilovs, Ieva Lešinska-Gaber, Linards Muciņš, Ernests Puļķis, Ēriks Rudzītis, Aivars Sinka, Andris Ziders, Maris Ziders, Modris Zihmanis, Efraim Zuroff. And featuring selected contributions from testimonials in the Occupation Museum archives by: Marija Ozola, Vidis Upenieks, Jānis Kalniņš, Harijs Ruks, Mirdza Barbaka, Velta Gluha, Silvija Ansone, Zenta Stūre, Ārija Gobzene, Rita Kaufmane, Elza Reisone, Aina Sļisarenko, Raimonds Miķelsons, Kārlis Timmermanis, Elvira Sebre, Ārija Baltpurvina, Laimonis Jaukulis, Skaidrīte Bērziņa, Rasma Kuiko, Hedviga Puga and Andrejs Pūce.
Index PEOPLE Alekhin, Mikhail 96-97 Alexander, Lt Col Harold 83 Alexander II, Tsar 17, 62-64, 69, 72, 74-75, 78-81, 98, 172, 252 Alksnis, Jēkabs 92-93 Andersons, Valdemārs 97, 100—101, 122—123, 188 Ansone, Silvija 152, 163 Antra 200-201 Arājs, Viktors 235-238 Astra, Gunārs 241, 249-250, 271, 294 Auze, Eduards 125, 127 Auziņa, Valda 315-317 Avdjukēvičs, Longins 211-212 Balodis, Jānis 82, 84, 261 Barbaka, Mirdza 47, 53 Baumanis, Kārlis 94 Bergmanis, Aldis 24, 26-27, 120, 150, 163, 183, 197, 217, 263-264, 293, 296, 303, 330 Beria, Lavrentiy 49, 97, 206 Berkis, Vitolds 190, 193 Berklavs, Eduards 206—209, 246, 296 Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel 18, 84 Bērziņš, Colonel Eduards 64, 71-73, 75, 92-93, 109, 136-137, 221-224, 311 Bērziņš, Ivars 221, 224 Bērziņš-Ziemelis, Jānis 64, 93, 109 Bīleskalns, Osvalds 185, 187 Bisters, Mārtiņš 25-27 Bolšteins, General Ludvigs 21 Bonner, Ruta 261 Borgs, Bernhards 223-224 Bratuškina, Margarita 122-123 Breikšs, Leonīds 24-25 Brekters, Andrejs 35, 37 Brempele, Aleksandra 55 Briedis, Colonel Fridrihs 68, 70-71 Briķis, Ernests 35, 37 Broks, Ilgvars 122-123 Brože, Vilis 124-125 Bruce-Lockhart, Robert 73-74, 77, 92, 136 Brūvers, Pāvils 254, 263, 265, 267-272, 276, 296 338 Bundulis, Major Alberts 190, 194 Čakste, Jānis 243-244 Cālītis, Ints 249 Celmiņa, Helene 242-243 Churchill, Winston 69, 113 Colby, William 322, 329 Conquest, Robert 95, 137 Cromie, Leslie 72, 74 Cukurs, Herbert 236-237 Dale, Martin 18, 32, 35, 134, 138, 143, 172 Denikin, General Anton 80, 85, 94 Derkusova, Iveta 98, 100-105 Dreimane, Inese 13, 56, 106, 109, 116, 319, 328-329 Drēviņš,
Aleksandrs 97, 99-101 Ducmanis, Pauls 220, 223-227, 232, 234 Dzerzhinsky, ‘Iron Felix’ 17, 67-74, 88, 95, 140 Dzintars, Jānis 297 Eidemanis, Roberts 92, 94 Eiduks, Aleksandrs 86-87 Eihe, Roberts 92, 94 Eistere, Maruta 281 Eisters, Gints 280-281 Ezergailis, Andrew 65-67, 76-77, 220-221, 224, 234, 236, 239, 331 Farbtuhs, Mikhails 310 Feldmanis, Andrejs Edvīns 28-31 Fogele, lnete 124, 160 Forstmane, Lilita 122-123 Fridrihsons, Kurts 175 Frinovsky, Mikhail 96-97 Gailis, Raits 305, 307-309 Gečas, Antanas 189, 226, 234, 238-239 Gersone, Haksa 157-158 Gersone, Raja 157-158 Gide, Andrė 174-177, 184, 218, 331 Gints, Eisters 280-281 Glāznieks, Osvalds 100, 103
INDEX Godmanis, Ivars 296, ЗОЇ Goltz, General Rudiger von der 83 Goppers, General Kārlis 44, 68, 71, 80, 261 Gorbachev, Mikhail 250, 258, 276, 297-299, 314, 327, 330 Gorbunovs, Anatolijs 298-299 Graikstis, Viesturs 133, 157, 159 Grīns, Aleksandrs 23, 63 Grosvalds, Jāzeps 98-99 Grundmane, Elza 65-66 Hāzners, Vilis 194, 225, 227, 233-235, 322-323, 329 Hitler, Adolf 18, 31, 112, 201, 232, 280, 331 Holemanis, Alfrēds 37-38 levina, Sandra 157-158 Ikars Smilga 64, 94 Iltners, Edgars 259 Indriks, Jānis 152 Ivans, Dainis 294, 296 Jansons, Kārlis 97, 103 Jarinovska, Kristine 50, 260, 303 Jaukulis, Laimonis 210-211 Jemberga, Sanita 328 Johansons, Edmunds 41, 97, 99—100, 296, 303 Johansons, Kārlis 97, 99 Johnson, Ross 253, 255, 263 Juhņevičs, Father Antons 113 Jurjāns, Edgars aka ‘Krampis’ 115-116 Kalējs, Konrads 234, 236, 238 Kalnbērziņš, Jānis 19, 21, 26, 62, 83, 88-89, 106, 11І, 118, 120, 199-200, 206-208, 320, 331 Kalniete, Sandra 283-284, 312-315, 317 Kalnietis, Aleksandrs 283-284 Kalniņš, Kārlis 224 Kalniņš, Viktors 242, 249 Kambala, Vaclav 133-134 Kangeris, Kārlis 303 Kāns, Žanis 32—33 Kaplan, Fanny ‘Dora’ 69, 73 Kaprāns, Mārtiņš 257-259, 329 Karulis, Kārlis 124-125 Kaufmane, Rita 155, 163 Kazaka, Biruta 171-172 Keiselis, Jāzeps 34, 37 Kipurs, Kazimirs 191—193 Klētinš, Žanis 157—158 Klimkāns, Jānis 110, 112-113, 147, 185, 190, 193 339 Klucis, Gustavs 97-101, 103, 105, 113, 335 Knaģis, Ilmārs 168-173 Knoriņš, Vilis 94 Kokoreviča, Vita 305, 307 Kolchak, Admiral Alexander 80-81 Kononov, Vassily 310-311 Kovalevskis, Pauls 13, 26 Krilovs, Pēteris 185-186, 188, 195 Krišjānis, Mārtiņš
and Arvids 125-126 Krūmiņš, Augusts 101,193-194,197 Krūmiņš, Zigurds 193-194, 197 Kruschev, Nikita 49, 103, 205-208, 258, 266 Kulagina, Valentina 101, 103 Kurelis, General Jānis 45, 159 Kuznetsov, Eduards 245 Lācis, Martins 67, 69-71, 74-75, 78, 92, 204-205 Lācis, Vilis 18, 21, 24, 108, 214-217, 323 Lase, Ieva 175, 183 Lasmane-Doronina, Lidija 46, 53 Legzdiņš, Captain Arturs 124-125 Leiko, Marija 104, 105 Lejiņš, Atis 218-219, 238, 286 Lenin, Vladimir 17, 39, 51, 60, 63-64, 67-69, 71-76, 81, 87-88, 90-91, 93, 96-98, 104, 109, 137, 174, 177-180, 182, 184, 200, 215-216, 244, 247, 280, 287, 296, 330-331 Lešinska-Gaber, Ieva 286-292 Lešinskis, Imants 215, 218, 221, 229-230, 286,292 Levalds, Alfreds 271-272, 327 Linnas, Karl 221, 239 Lockhart, Robert Bruce; ‘the Lockhart Plot’ 73-74, 92, 136 Lukaševics, Major Jānis 186, 188, 190-191, 254, 322 Luse, J. 44, 316 Maikovskis, Boleslavs 221, 225 Maikov, Pavel 68, 73 Masonkin, Ilya 310 McKibben, Sandy 190-191 Meiris, Alfons 122-123 Melngailis, Ģederts 256 Menders, Fricis 246 Mendriks, Father Jānis 136 Miezite, Hilda 146, 148 Muciņš, Linards 34, 300-301 Mundure, Valerija aka Marta Skuja 113 Nachimson, Semyon 65—66
340 UP AGAINST THE WALL Noviks, Alfons 13, 16-17, 24, 26, 44-45, 174, 226, 309-310 Oškalns, Otomārs 111, 118-120 Otrups, Arnis 132-134 Ozola, Agrita 165 Ozoliņš, Miervaldis 175-176 Ozols, Kārlis 108, 230 Pelēcis, Alexandrs 166 Pelse, Arvids 207, 209 Pence, Lūcija 122-123 Peters, Jēkabs 17, 64, 67, 75, 93 Philby, Kim 190-191, 193 Pieps, Eduards 126 Podiņš, Augusts 128-130 Poga, August 123,202-205 Poikans, Ilmārs 329 Polikarpov, Colonel 126-127 Powers, Francis Gary 18, 50, 62, 88, 100, 194, 197 Pugo, Boris 295, 298 Puļķis, Ernests 35-37, 139-141 Purvina, Dzintra 35, 122-123, 165-166, 168, 172 Purvitis, Vilhelms 100, 175 Rancāns, Klementijs 301, 304 Reilly, Sidney 73-74 Reinsone, Sanita 124, 146—148 Richters, Ilze 323, 329 Rips, Ilya 244 Rode, Gunārs 242 Rokpelnis, Jānis 259,311-312,316 Rotbaha, Kristīne 122-124 Rozenštrauha, Laura and Rūta 166 Rožkalns, Jānis 255, 263, 265, 271, 273-276, 326-327 Rudzītis, Ēriks 214, 323 Rudzutaks, Jānis 92—93, 101 Ruks, Harijs 41, 48, 52—53 Rupeika, Arvīds 223-224 Savenko, Yevgeny 310 Savickis, Juris 307-308 Shustin, Semion 16, 24, 56 Sietiņš, Ernests 157, 159 Silarājs, Rudolph 190-192 Sile, Ilga 110, 120, 128-129 Silmale, Maija 175-176 Sinka, Aivars 218, 225-226, 228 Skujenieks, Knuts 241, 311 Skultāns, Viedä 200 Sļisarenko, Aina 160-163, 169, 278 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 78, 89, 95, 104, 137, 269, 271 Stērste, Elza 175-176 Stigga, Oskars 64, 75 Strauss, Vidvuds 102, 105 Strautmanis, Andris 273-274, 326-327 Streipa, Colonel Jānis 15, 44 Stučka, Pēteris 17-18, 43, 64, 81-82, 88, 183, 207, 248 Suhovs, Major 45, 49 Supe, Mihalīna 146, 148 Supe,
Pēteris 113, 122, 147 Šveics, Vidvuds 187-190 Tepfers, General Verners 188 Tess, Nikolajs 310 Timmermanis, Kārlis 202, 204 Tone, Valdemārs 97, 99, 104 Trotsky, Leon 17, 68, 73, 77, 79-80, 88-89, 91, 182 Turčinskis, Zigmārs 120, 193 Ubāns, Konrāds 97, 99, 103 Udaltsova, Nadezhda 100, 102-103 Ulmanis, Kārlis 16-17, 20-21, 35, 57, 82-83, 86, 88-89, 219, 247-248, 280, 296, 315 Unshlikht, Joseph 93 Upenieks, Vidis 117, 243 Vācietis, Jukums 63-64, 66, 68, 71, 78-79, 81, 92 Vanags, Aleksandrs 42-43 Vanags, Jānis 44-45, 256, 263 Veidemanis, Kārlis 97, 101, 103 Vēvers, Captain Jānis 25, 44, 56, 188, 194, 253 Vēzis, Jēkabs 124-125 Vike-Freiberga, Vaira 235, 302, 327 Vilbrants, Jānis Viļas 35, 37 Vitkus, Laimonis 157, 159, 188, 210-211 Vītoliņš, Marģers 192-194 Volframs, Dr Teodors 33—34 Vulfsons, Mavriks 295 Wrangel, General Pyotr 85, 94 Yakhimovich, Ivan 244, 249 Yezhov, Nikolai ‘Yasha’ 92, 95-97, 103, 137 Yudenich, Nikolai 70, 80 Zakenfelds, Žanis 224 Žákovsky, Leonid 95-97 Zālīte, Indulis 24, 120, 131, 150, 163, 183, 197, 217, 263-264, 293, 296, 303, 318, 327, 330
INDEX Zālīte, Māra 150 Zalmanson, Sylva 245 Zariņš, Kārlis 191-192, 200 Zēgners, Jānis 224-225 Ziders, Andris and Māris 277, 278-280 Ziemelis, Juris 249 341 Zihmanis Modris 123-124, 143-144, 146 Zirnis, Jānis 237-238 Zujāns, Ivan 114, 206 Zuroff, Efraim 223, 226, 229-239, 312, 317 Zvinbergs, Zigmunds 133-134 PLACES Abrene 106, 108, 111 Agapitova 168-172 Aizpute 95, 268, 278 Aloja 64, 194 Alūksne 166, 282 Amur 136, 151, 164, 166, 172, 210 Annas cemetery 124-125, 131 Astrakhan prison 17, 25, 55-56, 63 Australia 30, 165, 213, 218, 226, 229-231, 234, 287 Darmstadt 230, 322 Daugava (river) 60, 64, 84, 185, 252, 257, 294, 314-315 Daugavpils 17, 28, 68, 82, 84, 106, 111, 113-114, 126, 186, 211, 253, 282, 294, 310, 324 Denmark 86, 139, 315 Dobele 94, 106, 282 Dom Square 297, 318 Durbe 35, 278 Baltic States 18, 27, 40, 49-50, 52, 81, 83, 89-90, 120, 135, 186, 191, 196, 214, 226, 237, 239, 247, 249, 294, 302, 304-305, 313, 332-333 Balvi 13, 103, 106, 108 Bārta 31, 132, 282 Bauska 66, 97, 282, 287 Belarus 86, 95, 118, 189, 204, 219, 228, 230 Belgium 190, 214, 216, 322-323 Belomor Canal 129, 136, 139 Berlin 43, 99, 102, 194, 221, 233, 322 Bonn 230, 273 Britain 18, 68, 80, 117, 169, 189-190, 193, 197, 214, 226, 229, 231, 233, 292, 307, 323 Brīvības iela 37, 39, 43, 252-253, 322, 328 Brīvzemnieka ielā 34-35, 37 Butovo 87, 103 East Prussia 63, 108 Eastern Front 65, 68, 71, 89, 106, 193, 227, 330 England 104, 170, 187, 191, 193, 231, 262, 305, 307 Ērgļi 114,200,267 Estonia 32, 81, 98, 140, 190, 193, 208, 233, 236, 249, 267, 270, 284, 301 the EU 183,305,312-313 Canada 26, 169, 216, 225-226,
231, 268, 326 Cēsis 42, 83, 94, 97, 103-104, 106, 111, 115, 151, 153, 200, 210-211, 262, 278 Chelyabinsk 78, 80 China 81, 138, 287 Cologne 267, 270 Courland 62, 64-66, 68-69, 93, 95, 106, 114, 118, 128-129, 139, 144, 156-157, 159, 186, 188, 190-191, 201, 219, 221, 262, 268, 281-282, 286,324 Crimea 85, 129, 279, 326 Czechoslovakia 79, 241, 243—244, 249, 287 Finland 64, 68, 82, 86, 232-233, 270, 272 Forest Cemetery 59, 103-104, 243, 250 France 68, 117, 174, 184, 232, 236, 284, 325 Frankfurt-am-Main 102, 139, 237-238, 322 Free Latvia 60, 63, 88, 130, 203, 207, 247, 279-280, 292, 296 Germany 17-18, 56, 62, 67-68, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83-84, 89, 93, 102, 104, 110, 118, 139, 142, 155, 159-160, 166, 170, 191, 193, 214, 216, 221, 224-225, 230-231, 236-238, 241, 249, 262, 267, 270, 272-273, 276, 290, 293, 299, 305-306, 312, 314, 322-323, 325 Gotland 187, 192 Gulbene 30, 94, 113, 282-283 Hamburg 190, 238 Helsinki 65-66, 249, 255-256, 263, 267, 270, 275, 293-294, 296 Hungary 50, 79, 232, 241, 286, 307
INDEX Zālīte, Māra 150 Zalmanson, Sylva 245 Zariņš, Kārlis 191-192, 200 Zēgners, Jānis 224-225 Ziders, Andris and Māris 277, 278-280 Ziemelis, Juris 249 341 Zihmanis Modris 123-124, 143-144, 146 Zirnis, Jānis 237-238 Zujāns, Ivan 114,206 Zuroff, Efraim 223, 226, 229-239, 312, 317 Zvinbergs, Zigmunds 133-134 PLACES Abrene 106, 108, 111 Agapitova 168-172 Aizpute 95, 268, 278 Aloja 64, 194 Alūksne 166, 282 Amur 136, 151, 164, 166, 172, 210 Annas cemetery 124-125, 131 Astrakhan prison 17, 25, 55-56, 63 Australia 30, 165, 213, 218, 226, 229-231, 234, 287 Darmstadt 230, 322 Daugava (river) 60, 64, 84, 185, 252, 257, 294, 314-315 Daugavpils 17, 28, 68, 82, 84, 106, 111, 113-114, 126, 186, 211, 253, 282, 294, 310, 324 Denmark 86, 139, 315 Dobele 94, 106, 282 Dom Square 297, 318 Durbe 35, 278 Baltic States 18, 27, 40, 49-50, 52, 81, 83, 89-90, 120, 135, 186, 191, 196, 214, 226, 237, 239, 247, 249, 294, 302, 304-305, 313, 332-333 Balvi 13, 103, 106, 108 Bārta 31, 132, 282 Bauska 66, 97, 282, 287 Belarus 86, 95, 118, 189, 204, 219, 228, 230 Belgium 190, 214, 216, 322-323 Belomor Canal 129,136,139 Berlin 43, 99, 102, 194, 221, 233, 322 Bonn 230, 273 Britain 18, 68, 80, 117, 169, 189-190, 193, 197, 214, 226, 229, 231, 233, 292, 307, 323 Brīvības iela 37, 39, 43, 252-253, 322, 328 Brīvzemnieka ielā 34—35, 37 Butovo 87, 103 East Prussia 63, 108 Eastern Front 65, 68, 71, 89, 106, 193, 227, 330 England 104, 170, 187, 191, 193, 231, 262, 305, 307 Ērgļi 114,200,267 Estonia 32, 81, 98, 140, 190, 193, 208, 233, 236, 249, 267, 270, 284, 301 the EU 183,305,312-313 Canada 26, 169, 216, 225-226,
231, 268, 326 Cēsis 42, 83, 94, 97, 103-104, 106, 111, 115, 151, 153, 200, 210-211, 262, 278 Chelyabinsk 78, 80 China 81, 138, 287 Cologne 267, 270 Courland 62, 64-66, 68-69, 93, 95, 106, 114, 118, 128-129, 139, 144, 156-157, 159, 186, 188, 190-191, 201, 219, 221, 262, 268, 281-282, 286, 324 Crimea 85, 129, 279, 326 Czechoslovakia 79, 24l, 243-244, 249, 287 Finland 64, 68, 82, 86, 232-233, 270, 272 Forest Cemetery 59, 103-104, 243, 250 France 68, 117, 174, 184, 232, 236, 284, 325 Frankfurt-am-Main 102, 139, 237-238, 322 Free Latvia 60, 63, 88, 130, 203, 207, 247, 279-280, 292, 296 Germany 17-18, 56, 62, 67-68, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83-84, 89, 93, 102, 104, 110, 118, 139, 142, 155, 159-160, 166, 170, 191, 193, 214, 216, 221, 224-225, 230-231, 236-238, 241, 249, 262, 267, 270, 272-273, 276, 290, 293, 299, 305-306, 312, 314, 322-323, 325 Gotland 187, 192 Gulbene 30, 94, 113, 282-283 Hamburg 190, 238 Helsinki 65-66, 249, 255-256, 263, 267, 270, 275, 293-294, 296 Hungary 50, 79, 232, 241, 286, 307
342 UP AGAINST THE WALL Ilūkste 111, 115, 126 India 170,329 the Island of Death 168,170 Israel 158, 237, 239, 245-246, 251, 293 Japan 92, 137, 232 Jēkabpils 106, 111, 113, 115, 171, 282 Jelgava 15, 28-29, 37, 82, 94, 100-101, 103, 106, 125, 130, 139, 143, 145, 159, 178, 202-204, 207, 213, 282, 320 Karaganda 55, 124, 134 Karelia 129-130, 170, 187 Katyn 34, 227, 233, 321 Kazachinsk 165, 169 Kazakhstan 55, 124, 160, 164 Kazan 78-79 Ķegums 86, 248 Kiev 68, 70, 94 Kirov 94-95, 104, 135, 157, 165, 278 Kolyma 45, 92, 136-137, 141, 159, 330 Komi Republic 55, 136, 159, 205 Krasnoyarsk 157, 159, 164-165, 168, 278 the Kremlin 68-69, 74, 79, 97, 183 Kronstadt 65, 67, 93 Krustpils 13,29,267 Kuldīga 106, 110, 120, 124-127, 160, 283 Kurmāle ПО, 129, 160-161, 163 Kurzeme 45, 47, 84 Latgale 15, 18-19, 68, 84, 90, 103, 109-110, 112-114, 120, 136, 153, 169, 211, 252 Latvia University 122,202-203 Latvian Academy of Sciences 245, 330 Latvian SSR 103, 106, 120, 126, 131, 175, 199-200, 249, 259, 283, 293, 302, 311, 330 Leipzig 102, 312 Leningrad 19, 86, 94—96, 101, 104, 116, 118, 140-141,211,221,245, 250 Levashovo 96, 104 Lībagi 127, 166 Liepāja 15, 17, 28-29, 31-37, 48, 65-66, 69, 81-83, 94-95, 106, 124, 132-135, 138-139, 141-142, 146, 159, 172, 178, 253, 258-259, 277-283, 300 Litene 15, 28, 30, 227, 283 Livonia 64, 93 London 69, 74, 94, 113, 188, 190-193, 212, 215, 237, 253, 330 Lord Street 42, 204 Lubeck 139, 322 the Łubianka 69, 104 Ludza 13, 15, 20, 106, 109, 111 Madona 72, 111, 118,282 Maslenki 20, 26 Melbourne 230, 234 Mežaparks 177, 180 Minsk 68, 94, 220, 229-230 Mordovia 148, 200,
241-242, 249 Moscow 19-22, 41, 50, 54, 64-66, 68-71, 73, 81, 85-87, 89, 91-103, 112, 115, 118-119, 121, 126, 129-130, 134, 137, 140, 144, 151, 158, 167-168, 175, 180, 186, 194-195, 197, 205-207, 242, 245-246, 249, 253-255, 257-259, 268, 272-273, 284, 288, 294-295, 297-301, 304-305, 307, 320, 329, 331 Mud Street 49, 204 Munich 83, 253, 256, 270, 276, 286, 289-290 Münster 225, 276 Murmansk 187, 248 New York 84, 87, 197, 218, 221, 225, 239, 288, 330-331 Nica 31, 132-133, 138-139, 141 Novgorod 69, 100, 305, 307 Occupation Museum 28, 41, 46, 52-53, 60, 151, 163, 202, 242, 314 Omsk 80-81, 94, 151, 153-155, 164, 175, 200, 202, 278, 280 Palanga 142, 190 Paris 99, 102, 175, 181, 309 Penza 67, 72, 97-99, 103 Perm 80, 242, 249 Petrograd, see St Petersburg Planica 160-162 Poland 17-18, 83, 93, 135, 190, 232-233, 308, 326 Prague 55, 81, 249, 251, 262, 300, 312 Priekule 35-36, 141 Pskov 68, 81, 86, 147 Rēzekne 16,84,103,111,225 Riga 21, 24, 60, 64-65, 73, 86, 102, 105-106, 110, 129-130, 158-159, 173, 175-176, 178, 180-181, 183, 185-190, 192, 195-196, 207, 225, 231, 236-238, 245, 259, 286-287, 294-298, 300, 306, 308, 310-311, 315, 329, 331 Riga Central Prison 13, 24-25, 43, 54, 56-59, 82, 113-114, 159, 204-205, 227, 262 Riga Film Studio 186, 196 Rucava 278, 282
INDEX 343 Rumbula 227, 236, 238, 282 Russia 16-19, 24, 26, 39, 62, 64-65, 68-69, 71, 74, 77, 79, 81, 85, 87, 97, 99-100, 102, 106, 136, 140-141, 164, 170-172, 174-175, 178-179, 182-183, 186-187, 197, 207, 211, 232, 249, 256, 258, 267, 292, 297, 299, 305, 307-308, 312, 314, 325-326, 329, 331 Rybinsky 277-278 Serpukhov 139-140 Siberia 28, 30, 36-37, 40, 44-45, 68, 70-71, 74, 79-81, 86, 89, 92-95, 103, 112, 115, 123, 125, 132, 146, 150, 152-153, 157, 160-162, 164-170, 172-174, 176, 181, 185, 187, 189, 200, 203, 205, 210, 212, 219, 227, 241, 250, 265-266, 271, 277, 279-280, 283-284, 310, 314, 316 Sigulda 152,211,284,309 Skatuve Theatre 97, 100-103, 105 Skrīveri 247-248 Skrunda 69, 278, 282-283 Slampe 133, 156-159 Slonim 219-220, 239 Smolensk 100-101 Soviet Union 15, 17-24, 31, 34, 38-41, 43, 50-52, 55-56, 60, 71, 74-75, 85-86, 89-92, 96, 98, 100-102, 104, 106, 108, 114, 116, 118-120, 130, 132, 135-137, 142, 154, 157-159, 164, 173-176, 181, 184, 188, 193, 195, 206, 208-212, 215, 218-220, 227, 229, 232, 236, 234, 241-242, 245-247, 249, 256, 258-260, 262-263, 267-271, 273-274, 276, 281-283, 285, 287, 293-294, 296-299, 308, 314, 328, 331 St Petersburg (Petrograd) 17, 60, 64—71, 73, 75, 87, 94, 98-99, 167, 182, 207, 211, 248, 312-313, 318, 322, 331 Stabu iela 39,47,202 Stockholm 190, 218-219, 322, 331 Stūra Māja 21, 24, 39-47, 53-54, 56-57, 106, 144-145, 176, 188, 192, 194, 242, 266-267, 269, 273, 283, 299, 316, 318, 321-322, 324, 328-329 Sweden 133, 166, 180, 185, 187-188, 190, 192-193, 213, 218, 248, 272, 286, 289-290 Tallinn 65,267,272 Talsi 127, 165-166, 203 Tblisi 86, 102
Tērvete 143, 282 Tomsk 123, 151-153, 156, 164, 166, 172, 200, 210, 280 Tosmāre iela 35, 37 Tosmāre 31, 34, 282 Tukums 66, 82, 101, 106, 125, 158, 165, 282-283 Ukraine 13, 66, 68, 70, 75, 93-95, 164, 236, 267 Ukstiņa ielā 34, 37 Ulbroka forest 16, 44 United States 117, 164, 194, 213, 218, 276, 221, 230-231, 234, 239, 287-288, 326 the Urals 80, 130, 159, 192 USSR see Soviet Union Vaiņode 35-36, 141, 282-283 Valka 66, 106, 122-124, 131 Valmiera 15-16, 106, 152, 199, 222, 261 Vanagi 32, 112-114, 132-133, 215, 219-225, 227-229, 231-235, 238-239, 322-323, 331 Varkava 112—113, 120 VEF Radio Works 214, 241 Ventas 124, 153 Ventspils 106, 139, 160, 166, 186-187, 191, 253, 278, 282-283, 294 Vidzeme 30, 84, 94, 98, 101, 114-115, 247, 310, 324 Vienna 102, 276 Viļaka 106, 108-109, 123, 147 Vitebsk 68, 114 Vladivostock 79-81 Volga (river) 71, 78, 136 Vorkuta 55, 136, 159-160, 201, 262 Vyatlag Gulag 157, 165 Vyborg 64-65 Washington 286, 288, 331 West Germany 214, 225, 237-238, 249 White Sea 96, 136, 159 Yaroslavl 71-72 Zemgale 22, 118, 159 Zilais brīnums building 15, 28, 32-34, 36-37, 132, 139
344 UP AGAINST THE WALL POLITICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE INTELLIGENCE BODIES Bolsheviks 16-18, 21, 41, 43-45, 51, 60, 62-83, 80-88, 91-95, 97-98, 101, 103, 137, 164, 174, 178, 182-183, 200, 207, 211, 221, 313, 331 Cheka 15, 18, 22, 24, 26, 28, 40-47, 49, 54, 56, 59, 63, 65, 67-75, 78, 85, 87-88, 92-93, 95, 97-98, 103-104, 106, 108-110, 112-116, 123, 125-130, 132-134, 139-140, 145, 153, 157, 166, 168, 174-175, 179, 181, 185, 190, 194, 200-205, 207, 241, 243, 246, 248-249, 261, 265, 272, 274-276, 281, 283, 285, 299-302, 304, 311,314, 320, 324-329 Central Committee of CPL 94, 111, 118-119, 157, 164, 208, 212, 259, 263 Chekhists 16, 29-31, 45, 56-57, 68-70, 96, 109, 125, 129, 145, 147, 167, 174, 200-201, 248, 272-273, 275-276, 311, 320, 327, 329 CIA 17, 26, 185, 188, 191, 193-194, 197, 225, 239, 247, 254, 270, 286, 288-290, 292, 322-323, 329 Communist Youth 40, 119, 133, 155,244 Council of People’s Commissars 21, 67-68, 93, 157 CPL (Communist Party of Latvia) 21—22, 118, 208 CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) 19, 51, 164, 244, 247 Gestapo 227, 231 Glavlit (censorship institution) 52, 257-258 GPU (State Political Directorate) 49, 70, 88, 93, 95 KGB 19, 34, 36, 38-41, 49-50, 52, 54, 74, 87, 90, 106, 113-114, 117, 120-121, 126, 130, 146-147, 159, 174, 186-197, 201, 211-212, 215-225, 227-235, 238, 241-246, 249-250, 253-270, 282, 285-288, 290-309, 311, 313-314, 316, 318, 321-331 Komsomol 51-52, 73, 180 Kursa, student resistance movement 132-134, 141, 159 Latvian Central Council 114, 166, 176, 185, 188, 224 Latvian Committee for Cultural Relations with Latvians Abroad 221, 223
Latvian Organisation of Repressed People 168, 170 Latvian People’s Front 17, 283 Latvian Social Democrat party (SD) 55, 60, 63-64, 69, 88, 93-94, 178 LCP (Latvian Communist Party) 76, 119, 205-206, 208, 212, 247, 254, 257, 259 League of Nations 18, 86 Left Social Revolutionaries 65, 71 Liepaja organisation of Politically Repressed People 277-278 Litfond (Soviet Literature Foundation) 51-52 LNJA (Latvian National Youth Association) 122-123 LNK (Latvian Independence Movement) 270-271 LNNK (Movement of National Independence) 270, 293, 296 LPSR (Latvian Socialist Republic) 25, 131, 207, 217, 331 Mensheviks 65, 88, 178, 182 MGB (Soviet Ministry of State Security) 41, 114, 116, 126, 174, 188, 190-191, 205 MI6 72-73, 185, 187-193, 197, 330 Military Revolutionary Committee 69, 94 MVD (Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs) 41, 126, 146, 190, 206 NATO 183, 303, 309, 325-326 Nazis 18, 31, 56-57, 83-84, 89-90, 106, 135, 157, 159, 176, 193, 211, 220, 231-235, 247, 312, 315, 331 NKGB (People’s Commissariat of State Security) 34, 41, 44, 56, 174, 188 NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs) 19-20, 22-24, 33-34, 40-41, 43-44, 49, 56, 70, 74, 92, 95-97, 103-104, 106, 114, 116, 121, 124, 126-127, 130, 136-137, 146-148, 174, 188, 201, 205-207, 241, 284, 310, 324, 330 OGPU (Unified State Political Directorate) 49, 66, 74, 88, 95 P.D. (Militia Support Service) 153, 239 the Pioneers 51, 180,201,287 Politburo 50, 91-92, 207, 257 Popular Front of Latvia 293-294 Registration Directorate (RU) 74—75
INDEX SMERSH (Soviet Military CounterIntelligence) 108, 318 TSDC (Centre for the Documentation of the Consequences of Totalitarianism) 309, 327 345 UNESCO 165-166, 284 VAK (Environmental Protection Club) 294-296 MILITARY UNITS GROUPS 15th Division (Latvian Legion) 214, 225, 262, 322 18th Latvian police battalion 219-221, 239 1st Latvian Rifle Regiment 71, 73 201st Latvian Rifle Division 106,118 2nd Latvian Rifle Regiment 71, 73 3rd Latvian Rifle Regiment 71, 73 5th Latvian Riflemen regiment 69, 78, 103 6th Latvian Rifle Regiment 69, 71, 85, 202 6th Tukums Regiment 66, 101 7th Bauska Latvian Infantry 66, 69, 97 8th Latvian Rifle Regiment 69, 71, 73 Aizsargi (Home Guard) 15-16, 26, 29, 36-37, 88-89, 139, 157-158, 165, 174, 278 Arājs Kommando 189, 227-228, 235 Baltic Fleet 142, 282-283 Baltic German Landeswehr 82-83 Latvian Army 15, 17, 19, 28, 30, 37, 44, 63, 82-84, 108, 158, 188, 227, 261, 283, 323 Latvian National Legion (‘Legionnaires’) 79, 81, 106, 108, 118, 122, 139-140, 144, 159, 166, 171,175, 225-228, 231-232, 237, 320 Latvian National Partisan Association 47, 112, 114-115, 119-120, 124, 127, 147, 166-167, 210, 212, 253, 280, 283 Latvian Organisation of National Partisans 114, 166 Latvian ‘Red’ Riflemen 17, 44, 60-61, 63-65, 82, 99, 182 Latvian SS Legion 231-232 LTS(p)A (Latvian Fatherland Guards’ Association) 24, 113-115 Red Army 16, 19-21, 23, 29-31, 43, 45, 56, 63, 68, 72-75, 78-80, 82-84, 92-93, 104, 106, 108-109, 113, 116-118, 122, 128, 193, 201, 207, 247, 295, 326-327 Czech Legion 78-79, 81, 89, 94 Forest Daughters 124, 131, 146, 333 German ‘Iron Division’
freikorps 17, 82-84, 331 Tēvijas Vanagi (Hawks of the Fatherland) 114, 132-133 Third Army 65,80 Istrebiteli militiamen 111-112, 115-116 West Russian Volunteer Army 18, 84—85 the Whites 44, 46, 48, 51, 59, 68, 70-72, 77-83, 85, 94, 96, 111, 117-118, 122-123, 132, 136, 142, 159, 169-170, 182-183, 185, 199, 261, 265, 281, 300, 319, 321, 330 Latdivision 82, 85 XII Army 65-66 Hawks of the Fatherland see Tēvijas Vanagi Home Guard see Aizsargi
346 UP AGAINST THE WALL GENERAL TERMS 1905 Revolution 62, 64, 66, 92-94, 98, 135, 186 ‘Maxis’ group 190, 192 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 18, 86, 160,233, 249-250, 283, 294-295 Baigais Gads 15, 57, 324 Nazi occupation 73, 185, 220, 225, 235 Barricades, Riga 297-299 Cheka bags 41, 293, 299-302, 304, 314, 324-325, 327-328 Cina newspaper 22, 64, 247 Cold War 74, 142, 173, 189, 218, 226, 239-240, 252-253, 281-282 Daugavas Vanagi: Who are theyі 220, 223-224, 229, 238-239 Displaced Persons Camp (DP) 189-191, 216, 221, 322 February 1917 Revolution 64, 84, 93-94 First World War 17, 35, 43-44, 61-62, 64-65, 79, 85, 97-100, 186, 212, 228, 261, 315 the Freedom Monument 23-24, 130, 181, 237, 248, 275, 294, 315-316 the ‘French Group’ 175-176 the Great Purge 93, 103 The Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 65, 76, 89, 118, 120 the Great Terror 91, 96 Gulag Archipelago 78, 89, 95, 104, 262 Hero of the Soviet Union 118-120 the Holocaust 158, 171, 220, 226, 229, 232-239, 291, 312, 331 Independence Day 23, 117, 122, 249, 275, 296 the Iron Curtain 253, 256, 259, 313 Jews 31, 37, 57, 69, 73, 77, 86, 89, 157-158, 171, 189, 218-220, 224, 226-237, 245-246, 276, 312, 315, 320, 324-327, 331 October Revolution 51, 67-68, 74, 93-94, 98, 179-180, 250, 252 Operation Krasta Banga 151,284 Order of the Red Banner 66, 96, 106, 142 perestroika 276, 296, 300, 314, 327 Pravda 94, 177 Prometheus [Prometejs] Society 64—65, 91, 94, 97, 101-102 the Purges 19, 92-93, 95, 137, 188 Radio Free Europe (RFE) 253-256, 265, 268, 270, 286, 289-290 Radio Liberty (RL) 253, 255-256 Red Terror 43, 69-70, 72, 74-75, 82, 93, 109 The Red Web
120, 187-188, 190, 197, 330 Rīgas Balss newspaper 221, 223 Russian Civil War 24, 44, 61, 66, 70, 78-79, 86, 94-95, 103, 182 the Saratov 84-85 The Scotsman newspaper 226, 239 Second World War 18, 36, 40-41, 45, 75, 83, 86, 134, 140, 142, 164-165, 182, 185, 187, 197, 207, 214, 218, 220, 226, 261, 274, 282, 318, 323 Shustin List 24, 56, 59 Simon Wiesenthal Centre 223, 225-226, 228,312 Spanish flu 99, 186 Tēvija newspaper 13, 221 the Third Reich 231, 313 Trans-Siberian railway 78, 80 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 68,71,81 tuberculosis 49, 99, 129, 283 the Turbulent Turtle 142-143, 282 typhus 85, 140 kolkhozes (collective farms) 151, 164, 173, 210, 216, 280 kulaks 72, 83, 96, 151, 160, 164 Kurzemnieks newspaper 131,221 Westward Ho! 189, 191, 214 White Terror 82-83 the ‘Lockhart Plot’ 73-74, 92, 136 the ‘Year of Terror’ 15, 24 í į Voice of America 253-255, 268 Sepwteoh# j I Ї |
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| bvnumber | BV046027008 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1108980087 (DE-599)BVBBV046027008 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Map |
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| geographic | Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lettland Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV046027008 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:07:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1911628836 9781911628835 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031408940 |
| oclc_num | 1108980087 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | xii, 346 Seiten, 32 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190717 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Helion & Company Limited |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hunt, Vincent 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)1132066913 aut Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia Vincent Hunt Warwick Helion & Company Limited 2019 xii, 346 Seiten, 32 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sowjetunion Narodnyj Komissariat Vnutrennich Del (DE-588)42358-0 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti (DE-588)2101272-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Latvia / History / 20th century Liepāja (Latvia) / History / 20th century Rīga (Latvia) / History / 20th century Russian S.F.S.R. / Chrezvychaĭnai͡a komissii͡a po borʹbe s kontr-revoli͡ut͡sieĭ i sabotazhem Soviet Union / Komitet gosudarstvennoĭ bezopasnosti Intelligence service / Latvia / Rīga / History / 20th century Secret service / Latvia / Rīga / History / 20th century World War, 1914-1918 / Personal narratives, Latvian World War, 1939-1945 / Personal narratives, Latvian Latvians / Crimes against / Russia (Federation) / 20th century / History / Sources Political persecution / Latvia / 20th century / History Latvians / Russia (Federation) / Siberia / Biography Forced labor / Russia (Federation) / Siberia Latvians / Russia (Federation) / Siberia / Interviews Intelligence service Secret service Latvia Latvia / Rīga 1900-1999 History Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Sowjetunion Narodnyj Komissariat Vnutrennich Del (DE-588)42358-0 b Sowjetunion Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti (DE-588)2101272-6 b Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031408940&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031408940&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031408940&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031408940&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031408940&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Hunt, Vincent 1963- Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia Sowjetunion Narodnyj Komissariat Vnutrennich Del (DE-588)42358-0 gnd Sowjetunion Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti (DE-588)2101272-6 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)42358-0 (DE-588)2101272-6 (DE-588)4046565-2 (DE-588)4074187-4 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia |
| title_auth | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia |
| title_exact_search | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia |
| title_full | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia Vincent Hunt |
| title_fullStr | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia Vincent Hunt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Up against the wall the KGB and Latvia Vincent Hunt |
| title_short | Up against the wall |
| title_sort | up against the wall the kgb and latvia |
| title_sub | the KGB and Latvia |
| topic | Sowjetunion Narodnyj Komissariat Vnutrennich Del (DE-588)42358-0 gnd Sowjetunion Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti (DE-588)2101272-6 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sowjetunion Narodnyj Komissariat Vnutrennich Del Sowjetunion Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti Politische Verfolgung Lettland Sowjetunion |
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