Jews and the Imperial State: Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia
At the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a gradual shift occurred in the ways in which European governments managed their populations. In the Russian Empire, this transformation in governance meant that Jews could no longer remain a people apart. The identification of...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Ithaca, NY
Cornell University Press
[2018]
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | FHA01 FKE01 FLA01 UPA01 UBG01 FAW01 FAB01 FCO01 Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | At the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a gradual shift occurred in the ways in which European governments managed their populations. In the Russian Empire, this transformation in governance meant that Jews could no longer remain a people apart. The identification of Jews by passports, vital statistics records, and censuses was tied to the growth and development of government institutions, the creation of elaborate record-keeping procedures, and the universalistic challenge of documenting populations.In Jews and the Imperial State, Eugene M. Avrutin argues that the challenge of knowing who was Jewish and where Jews were, evolved from the everyday administrative concerns of managing territorial movement, ethnic diversity, and the maze of rights, special privileges, and temporary exemptions that composed the imperial legal code. Drawing on a wealth of previously unexplored archival materials, Avrutin tells the story of how one imperial population, the Jews, shaped the world in which they lived by negotiating with what were often perceived to be contradictory and highly restrictive laws and institutions.Although scholars have long interpreted imperial policies toward Jews in essentially negative terms, this groundbreaking book shifts the focus by analyzing what the law made possible. Some Jews responded to the system of government by circumventing legal statutes, others by bribing, converting, or resorting to various forms of manipulations, and still others by appealing to the state with individual grievances and requests |
Beschreibung: | Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Jan 2019) |
Beschreibung: | 1 online resource 7 halftones, 2 maps |
ISBN: | 9781501726729 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zc 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV045916533 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 190606s2018 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9781501726729 |9 978-1-5017-2672-9 | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.7591/9781501726729 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (ZDB-23-DGG)9781501726729 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1059573869 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045916533 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-739 |a DE-860 |a DE-859 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-473 |a DE-1046 |a DE-1043 |a DE-858 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 305.892/404709034 | |
100 | 1 | |a Avrutin, Eugene M. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Jews and the Imperial State |b Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia |c Eugene M. Avrutin |
264 | 1 | |a Ithaca, NY |b Cornell University Press |c [2018] | |
264 | 4 | |c © 2010 | |
300 | |a 1 online resource |b 7 halftones, 2 maps | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Jan 2019) | ||
520 | |a At the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a gradual shift occurred in the ways in which European governments managed their populations. In the Russian Empire, this transformation in governance meant that Jews could no longer remain a people apart. The identification of Jews by passports, vital statistics records, and censuses was tied to the growth and development of government institutions, the creation of elaborate record-keeping procedures, and the universalistic challenge of documenting populations.In Jews and the Imperial State, Eugene M. Avrutin argues that the challenge of knowing who was Jewish and where Jews were, evolved from the everyday administrative concerns of managing territorial movement, ethnic diversity, and the maze of rights, special privileges, and temporary exemptions that composed the imperial legal code. Drawing on a wealth of previously unexplored archival materials, Avrutin tells the story of how one imperial population, the Jews, shaped the world in which they lived by negotiating with what were often perceived to be contradictory and highly restrictive laws and institutions.Although scholars have long interpreted imperial policies toward Jews in essentially negative terms, this groundbreaking book shifts the focus by analyzing what the law made possible. Some Jews responded to the system of government by circumventing legal statutes, others by bribing, converting, or resorting to various forms of manipulations, and still others by appealing to the state with individual grievances and requests | ||
546 | |a In English | ||
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1790-1917 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rechtsstellung |0 (DE-588)4134078-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kulturelle Identität |0 (DE-588)4033542-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Juden |0 (DE-588)4028808-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Kulturelle Identität |0 (DE-588)4033542-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Rechtsstellung |0 (DE-588)4134078-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1790-1917 |A z |
689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
912 | |a ZDB-23-DGG | ||
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031299039 | ||
883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FHA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FHA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FKE01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FKE_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FLA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FLA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l UPA01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UPA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l UBG01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UBG_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FAW01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAW_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FAB01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAB_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |l FCO01 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FCO_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804180093298278400 |
---|---|
any_adam_object | |
author | Avrutin, Eugene M. |
author_facet | Avrutin, Eugene M. |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Avrutin, Eugene M. |
author_variant | e m a em ema |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV045916533 |
collection | ZDB-23-DGG |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-23-DGG)9781501726729 (OCoLC)1059573869 (DE-599)BVBBV045916533 |
dewey-full | 305.892/404709034 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
dewey-raw | 305.892/404709034 |
dewey-search | 305.892/404709034 |
dewey-sort | 3305.892 9404709034 |
dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
discipline | Soziologie |
era | Geschichte 1790-1917 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1790-1917 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04534nmm a2200601zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045916533</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190606s2018 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-5017-2672-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-23-DGG)9781501726729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1059573869</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045916533</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1043</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">305.892/404709034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Avrutin, Eugene M.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Jews and the Imperial State</subfield><subfield code="b">Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia</subfield><subfield code="c">Eugene M. Avrutin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ithaca, NY</subfield><subfield code="b">Cornell University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2018]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">7 halftones, 2 maps</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Jan 2019)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">At the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a gradual shift occurred in the ways in which European governments managed their populations. In the Russian Empire, this transformation in governance meant that Jews could no longer remain a people apart. The identification of Jews by passports, vital statistics records, and censuses was tied to the growth and development of government institutions, the creation of elaborate record-keeping procedures, and the universalistic challenge of documenting populations.In Jews and the Imperial State, Eugene M. Avrutin argues that the challenge of knowing who was Jewish and where Jews were, evolved from the everyday administrative concerns of managing territorial movement, ethnic diversity, and the maze of rights, special privileges, and temporary exemptions that composed the imperial legal code. Drawing on a wealth of previously unexplored archival materials, Avrutin tells the story of how one imperial population, the Jews, shaped the world in which they lived by negotiating with what were often perceived to be contradictory and highly restrictive laws and institutions.Although scholars have long interpreted imperial policies toward Jews in essentially negative terms, this groundbreaking book shifts the focus by analyzing what the law made possible. Some Jews responded to the system of government by circumventing legal statutes, others by bribing, converting, or resorting to various forms of manipulations, and still others by appealing to the state with individual grievances and requests</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1790-1917</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rechtsstellung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4134078-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kulturelle Identität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033542-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Juden</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4028808-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Kulturelle Identität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033542-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Rechtsstellung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4134078-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1790-1917</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031299039</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FHA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FHA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FKE01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FKE_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FLA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FLA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">UPA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UPA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">UBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FAW01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAW_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FAB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAB_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729</subfield><subfield code="l">FCO01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FCO_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
geographic_facet | Russland |
id | DE-604.BV045916533 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:30:17Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781501726729 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031299039 |
oclc_num | 1059573869 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-739 DE-860 DE-859 DE-Aug4 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-858 |
owner_facet | DE-739 DE-860 DE-859 DE-Aug4 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-1046 DE-1043 DE-858 |
physical | 1 online resource 7 halftones, 2 maps |
psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-DGG FHA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FKE_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FLA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UPA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UBG_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAW_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAB_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FCO_PDA_DGG |
publishDate | 2018 |
publishDateSearch | 2018 |
publishDateSort | 2018 |
publisher | Cornell University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Avrutin, Eugene M. Verfasser aut Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia Eugene M. Avrutin Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press [2018] © 2010 1 online resource 7 halftones, 2 maps txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Jan 2019) At the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a gradual shift occurred in the ways in which European governments managed their populations. In the Russian Empire, this transformation in governance meant that Jews could no longer remain a people apart. The identification of Jews by passports, vital statistics records, and censuses was tied to the growth and development of government institutions, the creation of elaborate record-keeping procedures, and the universalistic challenge of documenting populations.In Jews and the Imperial State, Eugene M. Avrutin argues that the challenge of knowing who was Jewish and where Jews were, evolved from the everyday administrative concerns of managing territorial movement, ethnic diversity, and the maze of rights, special privileges, and temporary exemptions that composed the imperial legal code. Drawing on a wealth of previously unexplored archival materials, Avrutin tells the story of how one imperial population, the Jews, shaped the world in which they lived by negotiating with what were often perceived to be contradictory and highly restrictive laws and institutions.Although scholars have long interpreted imperial policies toward Jews in essentially negative terms, this groundbreaking book shifts the focus by analyzing what the law made possible. Some Jews responded to the system of government by circumventing legal statutes, others by bribing, converting, or resorting to various forms of manipulations, and still others by appealing to the state with individual grievances and requests In English Geschichte 1790-1917 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd rswk-swf Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 s Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 s Geschichte 1790-1917 z 1\p DE-604 https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Avrutin, Eugene M. Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4134078-4 (DE-588)4033542-2 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
title | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia |
title_auth | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia |
title_exact_search | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia |
title_full | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia Eugene M. Avrutin |
title_fullStr | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia Eugene M. Avrutin |
title_full_unstemmed | Jews and the Imperial State Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia Eugene M. Avrutin |
title_short | Jews and the Imperial State |
title_sort | jews and the imperial state identification politics in tsarist russia |
title_sub | Identification Politics in Tsarist Russia |
topic | Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Rechtsstellung Kulturelle Identität Juden Russland |
url | https://www.degruyter.com/doi/book/10.7591/9781501726729 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT avrutineugenem jewsandtheimperialstateidentificationpoliticsintsaristrussia |