Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Baden-Baden
Tectum Verlag
[2018]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 282 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9783828842342 3828842348 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a22000008c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV045557361 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20190520 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 190415s2018 gw a||| m||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 015 | |a 18,N47 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 1171463804 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783828842342 |c Festeinband : EUR 58.00 (DE), EUR 59.70 (AT) |9 978-3-8288-4234-2 | ||
| 020 | |a 3828842348 |9 3-8288-4234-8 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9783828842342 | |
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1074347407 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB1171463804 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BW | ||
| 049 | |a DE-703 | ||
| 084 | |a ML 7900 |0 (DE-625)123253: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 300 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Chigwendere, Fungai B. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts |c Fungai B. Chigwendere |
| 264 | 1 | |a Baden-Baden |b Tectum Verlag |c [2018] | |
| 300 | |a 282 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa |d 2018 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschäftsverbindung |0 (DE-588)4314530-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Interkulturelles Management |0 (DE-588)4343519-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kulturkontakt |0 (DE-588)4033569-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Organisation |0 (DE-588)4043774-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Afrika |0 (DE-588)4000695-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Südafrika |0 (DE-588)4078012-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | |a intercultural communication | ||
| 653 | |a culture | ||
| 653 | |a communication | ||
| 653 | |a South Africa | ||
| 653 | |a Organisation | ||
| 653 | |a congruence framework | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Organisation |0 (DE-588)4043774-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Kulturkontakt |0 (DE-588)4033569-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Südafrika |0 (DE-588)4078012-0 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Afrika |0 (DE-588)4000695-5 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Geschäftsverbindung |0 (DE-588)4314530-9 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 4 | |a Kulturkontakt |0 (DE-588)4033569-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 5 | |a Interkulturelles Management |0 (DE-588)4343519-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Tectum Verlag |0 (DE-588)16099069-5 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-8288-7121-2 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB |z 978-3-8288-7122-9 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m X:MVB |q text/html |u http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=ec255ef636114d95b54a82acb7222879&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm |3 Inhaltstext |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030941197&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030941197 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1811629888924286976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND
ORIENTATION.23
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.1 CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
1.1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SINO-AFRICAN CONTEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 25
1.2.1 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO AND THEORIES OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
1.2.2 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE IN SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS: THE STATE OF
RESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 27
1.3 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.3.1 MAIN STUDY AIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.3.2 STUDY OF THEORY (LITERATURE STUDY) A IM . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.3.2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY OF THEORY (LITERATURE
STUDY).
31
1.3.2.2 THEORETICAL (LITERATURE STUDY) RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.32
1.3.3 EMPIRICAL AIMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
1.3.3.1 EMPIRICAL
OBJECTIVES.
33
1.3.3.2 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
33
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
34
1.5 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
35
1.5.1 STUDY OF THEORY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
1.5.2 EMPIRICAL STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.6 DEMARCATION OF STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 38
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
39
1.8 STRUCTURE OF THESIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 40
CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUALISING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE
.
45
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.1 DEFINING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
2.2 THE STUDY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.2.1 HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 46
2.2.2 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 47
2.2.2.1 THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
APPROACHES.
48
A. THE PSYCHOSOCIAL
APPROACH.48
B. THE SKILLS
APPROACH.
48
C. BEHAVIOURAL
APPROACH.
49
D. KNOWLEDGE OF THE "OTHER" APPROACH
.
49
E. COMMON GROUND AND ACCEPTANCE OF DIFFERENCES APPROACH
.
49
22.2.2 THE INTERPRETIVE APPROACHES
.
50
2.2.23 THE CRITICAL
APPROACHES.51
2.2.24
SUMMARY.
51
2.2.3 THEORIES FOR ENHANCING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 52
2.23.1 CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
THEORY.52
2.23.2 ANXIETY UNCERTAINTY MANAGEMENT
THEORY.
53
2.233 FACE NEGOTIATION TH E O
RY.
53
2.3 BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
2.3.1 LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.3.2 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.3.3 CULTURE AND VALUE DIFFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.3.4 ETHNOCENTRISM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
2.3.5 STEREOTYPING AND PREJUDICE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
2.3.6 ANXIETY FELT BY THE "STRANGERS" IN COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.4 CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
2.4.1 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
24.1.1 COMMUNICATION
ORIENTATION.
59
24.1.2 MANNER OF
COMMUNICATION.
59
24.2 EFFECTIVENESS IN COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.4.3 APPROPRIATENESS IN COMMUNICATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
2.5. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.5.1 A CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH TO ENHANCED INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.5.2 CULTURAL, CROSS-CULTURAL AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
61
2.6 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 62
CHAPTER 3: CONCEPTUALISING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
AWARENESS.63
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.1 THEMES UNDERLYING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (IC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.1.1 CULTURE AND VALUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.1.1.1
SELF-PERCEPTIONS.
64
3.1.2 WORLDVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 65
3
.
1.3
COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.1.4 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
3.1.5 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN COMMUNICATION. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 67
3.1.5.1 DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL VARIATION IN COMMUNICATION
.
67
A. THE INDIVIDUALISM VS COLLECTIVISM DIMENSION IN
COMMUNICATION.
68
B. LOW AND HIGH CONTEXT
COMMUNICATION.
69
C. HIGH VERSUS LOW FACE NEEDS
.
70
3.1.5.2
SUMMARY.
70
3.2 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.2.1 CRITERIA FOR CONCEPTUALISING COMMUNICATION ORIENTATION AND MANNER
OF COMMUNICATION
(IC AWARENESS ENABLERS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2.1.1 CRITERION 1: VALUES, GUIDING PHILOSOPHIES
(INCORPORATINGSELF-PERCEPTIONS).
74
3.2.1.2 CRITERION 2: THE NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION.
74
3.2.1.3 CRITERION 3: THE OBJECTIVE OF
COMMUNICATION.
74
3.2.1.4 CRITERION 4: DEGREE OF INTERACTION IN
COMMUNICATION.
75
3.2.1.5 CRITERION 5: THINKING PROCESS AND
COMMUNICATION.
76
3.2.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IC AWARENESS ENABLERS, COMMUNICATION
ORIENTATION, MANNER OF
COMMUNICATION AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
77
3.2.3 FRAMEWORK FOR COMPARING THE MANNER OF COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 78
3.3 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
79
CHAPTER 4: A GENERIC THEORETICAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE
FRAMEWORK . 81
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.1 PRESENTING THE GENERIC THEORETICAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
CONGRUENCE FRAMEWORK
.
81
4.1.1 READING THE FIGURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.1.1.1 DEVELOPING IC AWARENESS THROUGH UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION
ORIENTATION AND THE MANNER OF
COMMUNICATION.
83
4.1.1.2 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS-ENGENDERED CONSEQUENCES
AND POSSIBILITIES
.
84
4.1.1.3 ENHANCED INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION.
84
4.2 THE GENERIC THEORETICAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE
FRAMEWORK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
PRESENT STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 85
4.3 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
86
CHAPTERS: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
AWARENESS.87
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.1 WESTERN, AFRICAN AND CHINESE CULTURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
5.1.1. WESTERN CULTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
5.1.2 AFRICAN CULTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.1.2.1
COMMUNALISM.
89
A. THE SUPREMACY OF THE
COMMUNITY.
89
B. THE UTILITY OF THE
INDIVIDUAL.
89
C. THE SANCTITY OF AUTHORITY
.
90
D. RESPECT FOR OLD A G E
.
90
E. RELIGION AS A WAY OF
LIFE.
90
5.1.2.2
UBUNTU.
91
5.1.2.3
HUMANISM.
91
5.1.3 CHINESE CULTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.1.3.1
CONFUCIANISM.
92
A. JEN (BENEVOLENCE AND
HUMANNESS).92
B. INFLUENCE OF FAMILY AND INSIDERS (ZI-JIREN) VERSUS
OUTSIDERS. 92
C. HIERARCHY AND ROLE
RELATIONSHIPS.93
D. BAO (RECIPROCITY)
.
93
E. GUANXI
(RELATIONSHIPS/CONNECTIONS).
93
F.
MIANZI(FACE).
94
5.1.4 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 94
5.2 COMMUNICATION ORIENTATION AND MANNER OF COMMUNICATION IN WESTERN,
AFRICAN AND CHINESE CULTURES . 94
5.2.1 VALUES AND GUIDING PHILOSOPHIES
(INCORPORATING SELF-PERCEPTIONS)
.
96
5.2.1.1 SELF-PERCEPTIONS
.
96
5.2.2 NATURE OF COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.2.3 OBJECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.2.4 DEGREE OF INTERACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.2.5 THINKING PROCESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.2.6 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 107
5.3 THE MANNER OF COMMUNICATION IN WESTERN, AFRICAN AND CHINESE CULTURAL
CONTEXTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5.4 THEORETICAL IC CONGRUENCE (TICC) FRAMEWORK SPECIFIC TO SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS. . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.5 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 110
CHAPTER
6
: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
.
111
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.1 THE PHILOSOPHY OF RESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
6.1.1 RESEARCH PARADIGM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.2 RESEARCH DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 114
6.3 A: STUDY OF TH E O RY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 115
6.3.1 TRADITIONAL LITERATURE REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.3.2 QUASI-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.3.2.1 PLANNING THE QUASI-SYSTEMATIC
REVIEW.117
63.2.2 LITERATURE SEARCH AND
SELECTION.117
A. TIMEFRAME FOR LITERATURE SOURCING
.
B. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION OF ARTICLES
.
6.3.3 META-SYNTHESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.3.1 META-SYNTHESIS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT STUDY
.
6.3.4 QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND ETHICAL ISSUES: STUDY OF THEORY.
6.4 B: EMPIRICAL QUALITATIVE STUDY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
6.4.1 OVERVIEW
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1.1 QUALITATIVE STUDY INTERVIEWING EXPERTS
.
A. DEFINITION OF AN "EXPERT"
.
6.4.2 DATA COLLECTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
64.2.1 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE.
64.2.2 DATA COLLECTION METHODS
A. IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS.
B. INTERVIEW STRUCTURE AND INTENTION
.
6.4.3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
.
64.3.1
CONFIRMABILITY.
64.3.2 TRANSFERABILITY
.
64.3.3 DEPENDABILITY
.
64.34
CREDIBILITY.
64.3.5 TRIANGULATION
.
6 4 .4 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.5 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64.5.1 LEVEL OF ANA LYSIS
.
64.5.2 PROCEDURES OF ANALYSIS
.
6.5 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 7: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS
.
INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
7.1
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE SAMPLE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
7.1.1
DISTRIBUTION OF CULTURAL GROUPING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.2
DISTRIBUTION OF GENDER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.3
DISTRIBUTION OF AG E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.14
DISTRIBUTION OF ETHNIC GROUP
.
7.1.5
DISTRIBUTION OF POSITION AND EDUCATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.6 DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRY SECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.7
DISTRIBUTION OF EXPERIENCE IN MONTHS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 PERSPECTIVES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS - AFRICAN
CULTURE
.117
118
119
119
.121
.121
.121
122
122
123
124
125
125
126
129
129
130
130
130
.131
132
132
132
133
138
139
139
140
142
142
142
143
143
144
144
145
146
7.3.1 OWN PERSPECTIVES: AFRICAN
EXPERTS.
146
7.3.1.1 HUMAN
CENTREDNESS.
149
73.1.2
CONSENSUS-SEEKING.
150
7.313 RESPECTFUL
.151
7.3.1.4
HUMBLE.
151
7.3.1.5 SPEAKING IN A DIRECT
MANNER.152
7.3.1.6 SHOWING
EMOTIONS.
153
7.31.7
COMMUNALISTIC.
153
7.318 FOLLOWING RULES AND
PROTOCOL.153
7.3.1.9 FAMILY
ORIENTATION.
154
7.3.1.10
ETIQUETTE.
154
7.3.1.11
SUMMARY.
154
7.3.2 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS OF AFRICAN CULTURE: CHINESE
EXPERTS' PERSPECTIVES
.
155
7-3-2.1 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE
HUMAN-CENTRED.
157
73.2.2 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE
ARROGANT.
157
7.3.23 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE DIRECT
.158
73.2.4 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE
HUMBLE.
158
73.2.5 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE
FAMILY-ORIENTATED.159
73.2.6 AFRICAN PEOPLE TALK A LO T
.
159
73.2.7 AFRICAN PEOPLE ARE
CURIOUS.
160
73.2.8 AFRICAN PEOPLE SHOW
EMOTIONS.
160
73.2.9
SUMMARY.160
7 3 3 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS IN AFRICAN CULTURE - OWN AND
OTHER PERSPECTIVES
.
161
7.33.1
DISCUSSION.
164
PERSPECTIVES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS - CHINESE C U LTU
RE
.
166
7.4.1 OWN PERSPECTIVES: CHINESE E XP E RTS
.
166
7.4.1.1 FOLLOW RULES AND
PROTOCOL.
169
7.4.12 FACE-GIVING AND FACE-SAVING - M IANZI
.
169
7.4.13 IN-GROUP
FOCUS.
170
7.4.14 INDIRECT
MANNER.
171
7.4.15 PURSUIT OF
HARMONY.
171
74.1.6
HIERARCHICAL.172
74.1.7 LITTLE TA LK
.
172
74.1.8 NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION.
173
74.1.9
RESPECT.
173
74.1.10 RELATIONSHIPS - GUANXI
.
174
74.1.11 SHOWING
EMOTIONS.
174
74.1.12
SUMMARY.
174
7.4.2 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS OF CHINESE CULTURE: AFRICAN
EXPERTS' PERSPECTIVES
.
175
74.2.1 CHINESE PEOPLE FOLLOW RULES AND PROTOCOL
.
178
74.2.2 CHINESE PEOPLE HAVE AN IN-GROUP FOCUS
.
179
74.2.3 CHINESE PEOPLE KEEP THEIR OWN CULTURE
.
180
74.24 CHINESE PEOPLE COMMUNICATE NONVERBALLY
.
181
74.2.5 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE
ABRUPT.
182
74.2.6 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE
INSINCERE.
182
74.2.7 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE AUTHORITATIVE
.183
74.2.8 CHINESE PEOPLE DO NOT SHOW
EMOTIONS.
183
74.2.9 STATUS-DRIVEN
COMMUNICATION.
184
74.2.10 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE CALM IN
MANNER.
184
74.2.11 CHINESE PEOPLE DO NOT SAY
"NO".
185
74.2.12 STRONG CONCERN FOR FACE-GIVING AND FACE-SAVING - M
IANZI. 185
74.2.13 COMMUNICATION IS
HIERARCHICAL.186
74.2.14 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE
HONOURABLE.
186
74.2.15 CHINESE PEOPLE DO NOT TALK M U CH
.
187
74.2.16 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE
RUDE.
187
74.2.17 CHINESE PEOPLE VALUE RELATIONSHIPS - GUANXI
.
188
74.2.18 CHINESE PEOPLE ARE
INDIRECT.
188
74.2.19
SUMMARY.
189
74.3 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS IN CHINESE CULTURE - OWN AND
OTHER PERSPECTIVES. . . . 189
74.3.1
DISCUSSION.
193
7.5 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS: AFRICAN OWN AND CHINESE OWN
PERSPECTIVES COMPARED
.
194
7.5.1 S U M M ARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 197
7.6 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS: AFRICAN AND CHINESE
PERSPECTIVES OF "OTHER" COMPARED
.
198
7.6.1 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
201
7.7 EMERGING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS PERSPECTIVES (AFRICAN
AND CHINESE EXPERTS)
.
201
7.7.1 VARIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 204
7.7.1.1 BUSINESS AND SOCIAL
CONTEXTS.
204
7.7.1.2 ORGANISATIONAL
TYPOLOGY.205
7.7.1
.3
RACE.
.2 0 5
7.7.14 LEVEL OF
EDUCATION.
206
7.7.1.5
CLASS.
206
7.7.2 EXPERT OBSERVATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
7.7.2.1 MIX OF WESTERN AND AFRICAN
WAYS.207
77.2.2 SIMILARITY BETWEEN CHINESE AND AFRICAN
WAYS.
207
7.7.3 INFLUENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
208
7.7.3.1
STEREOTYPES.
208
77.3.2 DIFFERENCES IN WORK
ETHIC.
209
77.3.3
ETHNOCENTRISM.
210
7
.
7.34
MOTIVES FOR
INTERACTION.
210
77.3.5 PRECONCEPTIONS
.
211
77.3.6 PERSONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES.211
77.37
PREJUDICE.
212
77.3.8 NO COMMUNICATION
OCCURS.212
7.7.4 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 213
7.8 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS CATEGORIES - SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS
.
214
7.8.1 CATEGORIES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
214
7.8.2 LINKING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS PERSPECTIVES TO
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
AWARENESS CATEGORIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
7.8.2.1 CULTURAL
ORIENTATION.
218
7 8.2.2 MANNER OF
COMMUNICATION.
219
7.8.23 ORIENTATION TO RULES AND
PROTOCOL.
220
7.8.24 INDIVIDUAL
DISPOSITIONS.
220
7.8.23 WITHIN-CULTURE
VARIATIONS.
221
7 8.2.6 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS
INFLUENCES.
221
7.9 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 222
CHAPTER 8: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS.225
BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE RESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 225
8.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
8.1.1 UPDATED GENERIC THEORETICAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE
FRAM EWORK
.
228
8.1.1.1 CULTURAL
ORIENTATION.
230
8.1.1.2 MANNER OF
COMMUNICATION.
230
8.1.13 ORIENTATION TO RULES AND
PROTOCOL.
230
8.1.14 INDIVIDUAL
DISPOSITIONS.
231
8.1.13 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION INFLUENCES
.
231
8.1.1.6 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
VARIATIONS.
231
8.1.2 HYBRID INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CONGRUENCE FRAMEWORK (HICC) FOR
SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
8.1.2.1 CULTURAL ORIENTATION IN SINO-AFRICAN ORGANISATIONAL
CONTEXTS. 234
8.1.2.2 MANNER OF COMMUNICATION IN SINO-AFRICAN ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS
.
234
8.1.23 ORIENTATION TO RULES AND PROTOCOL IN SINO-AFRICAN ORGANISATIONAL
CONTEXTS
.
235
8.1.24 INDIVIDUAL DISPOSITIONS IN SINO-AFRICAN ORGANISATIONAL
CONTEXTS. 235
8.1.23 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION INFLUENCES IN SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS.236
8.1.2.6 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION VARIATIONS IN SINO-AFRICAN
ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXTS
.
236
8.2 SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THIS RESEARCH
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
236
8.2.1 MAIN CONTRIBUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
8.2.2 STUDY OF THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
8 .2 .3 .
EMPIRICAL QUALITATIVE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
237
8.2.4 M ETHODOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
8.3 LIMITATIONS OF THIS RESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
8.3.1 STUDY OF THEORY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
8.3.2 EMPIRICAL QUALITATIVE STUDY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
8.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
8.5 CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 240
9
REFERENCES.
241
10
ANNEXURES.
265 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Chigwendere, Fungai B. |
| author_facet | Chigwendere, Fungai B. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Chigwendere, Fungai B. |
| author_variant | f b c fb fbc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045557361 |
| classification_rvk | ML 7900 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1074347407 (DE-599)DNB1171463804 |
| discipline | Politologie Soziologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Thesis Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a22000008c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045557361</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20190520</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190415s2018 gw a||| m||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">18,N47</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1171463804</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783828842342</subfield><subfield code="c">Festeinband : EUR 58.00 (DE), EUR 59.70 (AT)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-8288-4234-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3828842348</subfield><subfield code="9">3-8288-4234-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783828842342</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1074347407</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB1171463804</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-BW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 7900</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123253:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">300</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chigwendere, Fungai B.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts</subfield><subfield code="c">Fungai B. Chigwendere</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Baden-Baden</subfield><subfield code="b">Tectum Verlag</subfield><subfield code="c">[2018]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">282 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="502" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">Dissertation</subfield><subfield code="c">Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa</subfield><subfield code="d">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschäftsverbindung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4314530-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Interkulturelles Management</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4343519-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Unternehmen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061963-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kulturkontakt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033569-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Organisation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043774-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Afrika</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4000695-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Südafrika</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078012-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">intercultural communication</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">culture</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">communication</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">South Africa</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Organisation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">congruence framework</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4113937-9</subfield><subfield code="a">Hochschulschrift</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Organisation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043774-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Kulturkontakt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033569-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Südafrika</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078012-0</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Afrika</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4000695-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Unternehmen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061963-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschäftsverbindung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4314530-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Kulturkontakt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4033569-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Interkulturelles Management</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4343519-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tectum Verlag</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)16099069-5</subfield><subfield code="4">pbl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-8288-7121-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, EPUB</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-8288-7122-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">X:MVB</subfield><subfield code="q">text/html</subfield><subfield code="u">http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=ec255ef636114d95b54a82acb7222879&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltstext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030941197&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030941197</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Afrika China Südafrika |
| id | DE-604.BV045557361 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-30T14:01:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16099069-5 |
| isbn | 9783828842342 3828842348 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030941197 |
| oclc_num | 1074347407 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | 282 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Tectum Verlag |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Chigwendere, Fungai B. Verfasser aut Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts Fungai B. Chigwendere Baden-Baden Tectum Verlag [2018] 282 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dissertation Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa 2018 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschäftsverbindung (DE-588)4314530-9 gnd rswk-swf Interkulturelles Management (DE-588)4343519-1 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Kulturkontakt (DE-588)4033569-0 gnd rswk-swf Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd rswk-swf Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 gnd rswk-swf intercultural communication culture communication South Africa Organisation congruence framework (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 s Kulturkontakt (DE-588)4033569-0 s Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 g Geschichte z DE-604 Afrika (DE-588)4000695-5 g Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s Geschäftsverbindung (DE-588)4314530-9 s Interkulturelles Management (DE-588)4343519-1 s Tectum Verlag (DE-588)16099069-5 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-8288-7121-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-8288-7122-9 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=ec255ef636114d95b54a82acb7222879&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030941197&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chigwendere, Fungai B. Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts Geschäftsverbindung (DE-588)4314530-9 gnd Interkulturelles Management (DE-588)4343519-1 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Kulturkontakt (DE-588)4033569-0 gnd Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4314530-9 (DE-588)4343519-1 (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4033569-0 (DE-588)4043774-7 (DE-588)4000695-5 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4078012-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts |
| title_auth | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts |
| title_exact_search | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts |
| title_full | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts Fungai B. Chigwendere |
| title_fullStr | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts Fungai B. Chigwendere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts Fungai B. Chigwendere |
| title_short | Towards intercultural communication congruence in Sino-African organisational contexts |
| title_sort | towards intercultural communication congruence in sino african organisational contexts |
| topic | Geschäftsverbindung (DE-588)4314530-9 gnd Interkulturelles Management (DE-588)4343519-1 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Kulturkontakt (DE-588)4033569-0 gnd Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschäftsverbindung Interkulturelles Management Unternehmen Kulturkontakt Organisation Afrika China Südafrika Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=ec255ef636114d95b54a82acb7222879&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030941197&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chigwenderefungaib towardsinterculturalcommunicationcongruenceinsinoafricanorganisationalcontexts AT tectumverlag towardsinterculturalcommunicationcongruenceinsinoafricanorganisationalcontexts |