Cyprus under British colonial rule: culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954
This study examines British rule in Cyprus from 1878 to 1954. The author analyzes the cultural and religious dimensions of Cypriot responses to British rule and the ways in which Greek Orthodox culture was a primary conduit for resistance to the colonial system
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2019]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | This study examines British rule in Cyprus from 1878 to 1954. The author analyzes the cultural and religious dimensions of Cypriot responses to British rule and the ways in which Greek Orthodox culture was a primary conduit for resistance to the colonial system |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xvii, 321 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781498582049 9781498582025 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cyprus under British colonial rule |b culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 |c Christos P. Ioannides |
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| 520 | |a This study examines British rule in Cyprus from 1878 to 1954. The author analyzes the cultural and religious dimensions of Cypriot responses to British rule and the ways in which Greek Orthodox culture was a primary conduit for resistance to the colonial system | ||
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados |z Cyprus |x History |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Cyprus |x History |y British rule, 1878-1960 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Cyprus |x Civilization | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Cyprus |x Foreign relations |z Greece | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction ix
1 In the Shadow of the Greek Revolution and the Great Idea 1
2 British Rule: Ambivalence and High Expectations 33
3 City and Countryside 69
4 A Greek Orthodox Culture 93
5 The Multiple Functions of the Panigyri 109
6 Folk Poets: An Unforgiving Life and the Longing for
Social Justice 123
7 The Idol of the Tribe: Mother Hellas 141
8 Toward Rebellion 163
9 World War II and Its Aftermath 191
10 The Emergence of Ethnarch Makarios III and the
1950 Plebiscite 227
11 Makarios Challenging Athens: To the UN for
Self-Determination 253
Conclusion 279
Bibliography 285
Index 309
About the Author 321
vii
Bibliography
FOLK POEMS
1880-1890
Kyprianou, Nicolas
To Tlapcmovov rov Xcopixov (To Paraponon tou Chorikou) The Peasant’s
Complaint. (1889)
1891-1900
Papadopoulos, Kyriacos.
O IloXsjuoq rrfq EXXddoq Kai TovpKiaq rov 1897 (O Polemos tis Ellados kai
Tourkias tou 1897) The Greek-Turkish War of 1897. (1897)
Tzapouras, Chistodoulos
H AyyXiKfj Evitpeneia (E Aggliki Evprepeia) The English Good Manners.
(1897)
1901-1910
Palesis, Christophoros.
H Kvnpog Kai oi AioiKtjaeiq rrjq (Kypros kai oi Dioikiseis tis) Cyprus and
its Administrations. (1902)
Philippou, Constantinos.
H TlokoxsXeia (E Polyteleia) Luxury. (1910)
285
286
Bibliography
1911-1920
Michaelides, Vasilis.
H9rj IovXiov xov 1821 (E 9 Iouliou tou 1821) The 9th of July 1821. (1911)
Palesis, Christophoros
‘Z to Evviaxoma A codetta xovg Kaxco Ex i/ovg EScoxa (Sto Enniakosa
Dodeka tous Kato Stichous Edoka) In 1912 I Composed the Following
Verses. (1912)
Konstantinou, Charalambos
O rov 1912-1913 EXXtjvoxovpKofiovXyapiKog TldXepog (O tou 1912-1913
Ellinotourkovoulgarikos Polemos) The 1912-1913 Graeco-Turkish-
Bulgarian War. (1913)
Anthias, Tevkros
H Necoxepa EXXdg (E Neotera Ellas) Modem Greece. (1914)
Tlpog xov yevvaiov crcpaxicbxrfv rov MmCaviov EvdyyeXov XaxCrficodvvov
Arjjuapxov Aapvaicog (Pros to gennaion stratiotin tou Bizaniou Evangelon
Hatjiiooannou, Demarchon Lamakos) To the Brave Soldier of Bizanin
Evangelon Hatjiioannou, Lamaca Mayor. (1914)
IJoirjjua xcov EXXijvikcov Gpiapficov Kara xov EXXrjvoflovXyapiKOv ndXspov
xov 1913 (Poiema ton Ellinikon Thriamvon kata ton Ellinovoulgarikon
polemon to 1913) Poem on the Greek Triumphs in the Greek-Bulgarian
War of 1913. (1914)
Kostaki, Christophoros.
noirjpa OprfOKevxiKdv (Poiema Thriskevtikon) Religious Poem. (1915)
Palesis, Christophoros
Flavrfyvpig xov KaxaicXvapov ev Adpvaxi xrjv 10r v Iovviov 1918 (E Pani-
gyris tou Kataklysmou en Lamaki tin Dekatin [10th] of June 1918)
The Panigyri of Kataklysmos in Lamaca on June 10th, 1918. (1918)
Anthias, Tevkros.
EvTxvaAoA (Xypna Lae) People Wake Up. (1918)
1921-1930
Nikolaou, Aristotelis
H Tlxcboig Kai rj Avdaxacng xov EXXrjviKov E vovg (E Ptosis kai e Anastasis
tou Ellinikou Ethnous) The Rise and Fall of the Greek Nation. (1921)
Yianni, Yiasonis
Eloirjpa AnayxovioOtvxog (Poiema Apanchonisthentos) A Poem by a
Man to Be Hanged. (1921)
Bibliography
287
Palesis, Christophoros
Ai Neai BovXevxmai ExXoyai sv KvTtpco (E Neai Voulevtike Ekloge en
Kypro) The New Parliamentary Elections in Cyprus. (1925)
Kasapis, Georgios
H Kvnpoq npoq r* adepKia xriq (E Kypros pros t’ aderkia tis) Cyprus to her
siblings. (1928)
Liasides, Pavlos
1lexpe xov Fiov aov AXXagavd (Pepse ton Yion sou Allaxana ) Send Your
Son Once Again. (1928)
Qq tcogov JJidv (Os Poson Pion) Until When. (1928)
H UsvrriKOVTajsxYipiq (E Pentikontaetiris) The Jubilee. (1928)
EreXeicoaev rj TIoivy aov (Eteliosen e Poini sou) Your Sentence is over.
(1928)
Achniotis, Theodosis
H Kvnpoq axrjv Mdvav xrjq (E Kypros sting Manan tis) Cyprus to
Her Mother. (1929)
Palesis, Christophoros
Ilpoq xovq EXevOepovq ASeX povq (Pros tous Eleftherous Adelfous) To the
Free Brothers. (1929)
n vxa oi ricopKoi ev’ zov Koapov Mioxapicoi (Panta oi Giorkoi en tou Kos-
mou Mistarkoi) The Farmers are always the World’s Serfs. (Late 1920s)
Exov AyyXov Ycpvnovpyov xcov Akoikicqv (Ston Agglon Yfyporgon ton Apoi-
kion) To the English Undersecretary of the Colonies. (1930)
0 PsoTcsprjq Kai oi Bv^aaxdpiSsq (O Reshperis kai oi Byzastarides)
The Farmer and the (Blood)-Suckers. (1930)
Kameras, Kyriacos
01 TI6601 paq (Oi Pothoi mas) Our Yearnings. (1930)
Lipertis, Demetris
Exovq Kvnpicbxeq Mapxvpsq xr q 9tjq IovXiov 1821 (Stous Kypriotes Mar-
tyres tes 9 Iouliou 1821) To the Cypriote Martyrs of July 9, 1821. (1930)
1931-1940
Lipertis, Demetris
H E^syepaiq npoq Evcoaiv 1931 [TexpaXoyia] (E Exegersis pros Enosin
1931 [Tetralogia]) The Enosis Uprising of 1931 [Tetralogy]. (1931)
Michael, Demetris
O ToKiaxf{Q (O Tokistis) The Usurer. (Late 1930s)
288
Bibliography
Anemomylos, K. A.
Acbpov eiq tov EXkrjviKOV Aycbva (Doron eis ton Ellenikon Agona) Gift to
the Greek Struggle. (1940)
1941-1950
Azinos, Charalambos
HNsKpavaaraarig rr/g EAXaSag (E Nekranastasis tis Elladas) Greece Rising
from the Dead. (1944)
Plastiras, Michalis
EXars a’reg (pTepovyeq pov (Elate s’tes fterouges mou) Come under my
wings. (1944)
Grivas, Anastasios
Ai ArjjuoriKaiExXoyai tov 1946 (Ai Demotike Ekloge tou 1946) The Munic-
ipal Elections of 1946. (1946)
Mappouras, Andreas
To Tlapanovov tov noirjTdpT] (To Paraponon tou Poietari) The Poet’s Com-
plaint. (Late 1940s)
Papazacharia, Konstantis
To KaTCOTspco IJoirjpa to Evvraca ty v 15rjv Iavovapiov 1950 ty v Hpspav
tov Ar poyY (piopaToq (To Katotero Poiema to Syntaxa tin 15 Ianouariou
1950 tin Emeran tou Dimopsifismatos) The Poem Below I Composed on
January 15th 1950 the Day of the Plebiscite. (1950)
1951-1952
Mavrides, N. Ch.
H TCvxpov oTYjv Mavav tr/g (E Tzyprou sten Manan tes) Cyprus to
Her Mother. (1952)
ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS III:
SERMONS, SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS,
ENCYCLICALS, PETITIONS, MEMORANDA
Archbishop Makarios HI (1913-1977), dominated the politics of Cyprus and
exercised enormous influence on Greek politics. He assumed the leadership of
the Enosis movement from the late 1940s onward. The documentation of his
ecclesiastical, but especially his political legacy, can be found in his pronounce-
ment at different fora and to a variety of audiences. Following his death in 1977,
the Archbishop Makarios III Foundation collected, categorized, and published
the sermons, encyclicals, speeches, interviews, petitions, and memoranda in the
Bibliography
289
voluminous work entitled: Anavra Apxismokótiov Kvnpov Fy (Apanta Archi-
episkopou Kyprou Makariou III) Collective Works of Archbishop of Cyprus
Makarios HI, vols. 1—18 (Nicosia: Archbishop Makarios in Foundation, Janu-
ary 1991—2007). For the purposes of this book, the period covered and as far as
Makarios is concerned, starts in June 1948 and concludes in December 1954.
All of his pronouncements and written statements for that period have been pub-
lished in vol. 1 of Anavra ApxismoKÓTCov Kvnpov r, 1948—1954 (Apanta Archi-
episkopou Makariou IU, 1948—1954 henceforth referred to as Apanta;). As such,
the Makarios’ Apanta constitute an indispensable primary source with regard to
the Enosis movement. Makarios’ pronouncements and written statements which
had been utilized for the purposes of this book appear in chronological order
below:
June 13, 1948
The Address by the Metropolitan of Kition Makarios during the ceremony
of his installment at his Metropolitan District. Apanta, vol. 1: 31—33.
June 20, 1948
Speech by Makarios, Metropolitan of Kition, at the Agia Napa Church, Limas-
sol. Makarios, Apanta, vol. 1: 34—36.
February 17, 1950
We will resort everywhere seeking vindication of our struggle: Written and
oral statements by the President of the Office of the Ethnarchy, the Met-
ropolitan of Kition Makarios with regard to the Enosis Plebiscite. Apanta,
vol. 1: 275-80.
May 14, 1950
Speech by the Metropolitan of Kition Makarios at the Church of Agia
Napa, Limassol. Apanta, vol. 1: 53—56. (Delivered on the occasion of the
departure to Greece of a deputation under the Bishop of Kyrenia Kypria-
nos to start an international campaign publicizing the January 15, 1950
Plebiscite.)
June 29, 1950
The Eulogy by the Metropolitan of Kition Makarios during the funeral of
Archbishop Makarios II at the Cathedral of Saint John in Nicosia. Apanta,
vol. 1: 57-59.
October 20, 1950
The Enthronement Address by H. B. Archbishop of Cyprus Makarios III at
the Cathedral of Saint John in Nicosia. Apanta, vol. 1: 60—63.
290
Bibliography
November 5, 1950
Encyclical by Archbishop Makarios on the anniversary of Cyprus’ annexa-
tion to the English Crown. Apanta, vol. 1: 71-72.
January 18, 1951
Encyclical by Archbishop Makarios on the anniversary of the Enosis Plebi-
scite. Apanta, vol. 1: 79-80.
February 4, 1951
Address by Archbishop Makarios on the occasion of the enthronement of
the new Metropolitan of Kition, Anthimos Machairiotis. Apanta, vol. 1:
83-84.
March 15, 1951
Archbishop and Ethnarch Makarios greets [university] students in Athens.
Apanta, vol. 1: 88-89.
March 25 1951
Address by H.B. Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus to the Greek People
through the Athens Radio Station. Apanta, vol. 1: 96.
April 6, 1951
Ethnarch Makarios addresses Greek and foreign journalists (Athens).
Apanta, vol. 1: 281-286.
October 21, 1951
Speech by Ethnarch Makarios at the Phaneromeni Church on the twentieth
anniversary of the national uprising of 1931. Apanta, vol. 1: 116-20.
March 17, 1952
Address by Ethnarch Makarios on the national anniversary of March 25th.
Apanta, vol. 1: 142-43.
July 25, 1952
Ethnarch Makarios denounces Greece’s political leadership from Athens
Radio Station. Apanta, vol. 1 :158-60.
October 19, 1952
Address by Ethnarch Makarios during the unveiling of the statue of the
National Martyr Metropolitan of Kition Nicodemos Mylonas. Apanta, vol.
1: 168-69.
Bibliography
291
November 6, 1952
Greetings by Ethnarch Makarios to the Greeks of America [during his visit
to the U.S.). Apanta, vol. 1: 170—72.
November 6, 1952
Ethnarch Makarios’ interview to the newspaper “Journal American”
(New York). Apanta, vol. 1: 324—25.
December 1, 1952
Ethnarch Makarios address to the delegation of the Northern Epiros Asso-
ciation “Pyrros” of New York. Apanta, vol. 1: 173.
December 16, 1952
Excerpts of Speeches by Ethnarch Makarios in Detroit, United States of
America. Apanta, vol. 1: 174.
December 28, 1952
Brief Speech by Ethnarch Makarios during the luncheon to his honor by the
Cyprus Association of America [New York]. Apanta, vol. 1: 177.
January 28, 1953
Speech by Archbishop Makarios at the Church of Saint Sophia in Wash-
ington. Apanta, vol. 1: 178.
February 20, 1953
Ethnarch Makarios’ press conference for representatives of English and
other foreign newspapers (London). Apanta, vol. 1: 332—35.
March 4, 1953
Greetings by Ethnarch Makarios to a [university] student rally [Athens].
Apanta, vol. 1: 179—80.
March 25, 1953
Encyclical by Archbishop Makarios on the national anniversary of March
25. Apanta, vol. 1: 188—89.
April 27, 1953
Petition by Ethnarch Makarios to the British Government to utilize the
Plebiscite of January 15, 1950 or to conduct a new Plebiscite. Apanta, vol.
1: 190-91.
292
Bibliography
June 17, 1953
Memorandum of Ethnarch Makarios to Adlai Stevenson. Apanta, vol.
1: 195.
June 20, 1953
Ethnarch Makarios’ interview to the Athens Radio Station. Apanta, vol. 1:
340-43.
June 28, 1953
Speech by Ethnarch Makarios at the Phaneromeni Church rally. Apanta,
vol. 1: 198-202.
October 14, 1953
Archbishop Makarios addresses the members of the Ethnarchical Council.
Apanta, vol. 1: 212-14.
December 23, 1953
Message of Archbishop Makarios to Hellenism in Africa. Apanta, vol. 1:
215-16.
January 14, 1954
Speech by Ethnarch Makarios during Doxology at the Phaneromeni
Church on the fourth anniversary of the Plebiscite for Union with Greece.
Apanta, vol. 1: 219-22.
January 18, 1954
Ethnarch Makarios’ interview with the correspondent of “Hurriet.” Apanta,
vol. 1: 353-55.
April 25, 1954
Message by Ethnarch Makarios to the people of Greece. Apanta, vol.
1: 227.
June 23, 1954
Address by Archbishop Makarios to the General Representatives of the B’
Pancyprian National Assembly. Apanta, vol. 1: 23142.
August 7, 1954
Protest by Ethnarch Makarios against the imposition of Anti-sedition Laws.
Apanta, vol. 1: 246-47.
Bibliography
293
August 10, 1954
The document of the Cypriot application to the United Nations. Apanta,
vol. 1: 248-50.
August 15, 1954
Ethnarch Makarios’ interview to the London “Times.” Apanta, vol. 1:
373—74. Note: The interview was broadcast next day, August 15, 1954, on
the BBC.
August 22, 1954
Address by Ethnarch Makarios at the Rally at the Phaneromeni Church.
Apanta, vol. 1: 253—57.
August 22, 1954
Application by Ethnarch Makarios to the United Nations. Apanta, vol. 1:
258-60.
September 29, 1954
[Athens Radio] Address by Ethnarch Makarios to the people of Greece.
Apanta, vol. 1: 263—65.
October 11, 1954
Ethnarch Makarios’ press conference to the representatives of Greek and
foreign press (Athens). Apanta, vol. 1: 381—87.
October 22, 1954
An Interview with Makarios, The Truth, London, October 22, 1954.
Apanta, vol. 1: 389—92.
Early December 1954
Memorandum by Ethnarch Makarios to the Delegations of UN Member-
states. Apanta, vol. 1: 266—68.
US OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
Department of State, Memorandum of Conversation. Secret. Subject: Policy Meeting
on Affairs Concerning Cyprus and the Problem of Enos is (Union of Cyprus with
Greece). May 2, 1950.
Department of State, NEA. Background Memo for Senator Connally Regarding the
Question of Union of Cyprus with Greece. Confidential. April 3, 1951.
294
Bibliography
Department of State. Incoming Telegram Action Copy. Secret. From Athens. To:
Secretary of State. No. 1847. December 9, 1950.
Department of State. Incoming Telegram Action Copy. From: Athens. To Secretary
of State. Confidential. NEA Message Center. No. 1204, May 24, 1950.
Foreign Service Despatch. From: American Consulate, Nicosia. To: The Department
of State. Subject: The Position of Cyprus in Relation to Stability of the Middle East.
Secret. July 17, 1952.
Foreign Service of the United States. From American Embassy, London Despatch
No. 1269. Confidential. Subject: Colonial Office Comments on Secret Develop-
ments Affecting Cyprus. September 14, 1950.
Foreign Service of the United States. From the American Embassy, London. To
Department of State. Confidential. Subject: Colonial Office Views on Recent Devel-
opments in Cyprus. May 18, 1950.
Memorandum Prepared in the Embassy in the United Kingdom. Secret. Memoran-
dum of informal US-UK Discussion in connection with the visit to London if the
Honorable George C. McGee. Tuesday afternoon, September 19, 1950. In Foreign
Relations of the United States, 1950. Volume V—The Near East, South Asia and
Africa. Department of State, Washington, 1978.
PPS Files: Lot 64 D 563: NEA Iran. Top Secret. United States Minutes of United
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October 26, 1950. In Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950. Volume V—The
Near East, South Asia and Africa. Department of State, Washington, 1978.
Telegram (781.00/6-2450) Secret. Secretary of State to the Embassy in Greece.
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1950. Volume V—The Near East, South Asia and Africa. Department of State,
Washington, 1978.
Telegram (310.2/9-954) Secret. Priority. New York, September 9, 1954. The United
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of State, Washington, 1978.
United States Government, Office Memorandum. Confidential. To: UNA—Mr. Hick-
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Toward Voting in General Committee. October 2, 1950.
United States Government, Office Memorandum. Confidential: From NEA—Mr.
Hare, To: H—Mr. McFall. Subject: Union of Cyprus with Greece. June 2, 1950.
W. J. Porter, US Consulate, Nicosia, to the State Department. Subject: Political
Developments in Cyprus Following the “Plebiscite.” Confidential, January 25,
1950.
Washington, August 17, 1954. Confidential. 310.2/8-1754. Subject: “Negotiations
with UK on Chinese Representation Issue.” In Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1950. Volume V—The Near East, South Asia and Africa. Department of
State, Washington, 1978.
Washington, August 17, 1954. Confidential. 310.2/8-1754. Subject: “Negotiations
with UK on Chinese Representation Issue.” In Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1950. Volume V—The Near East, South Asia and Africa. Department of
State, Washington, 1978.
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Index
Abbasi, Ali Bey El, 8-9;
Bishops as peasants’ protectors, 9;
Church influence under Ottomans,
9-10
adiallaktoi (uncompromising), 85-86,
173-74, 230-32, 234
Aegean Islands, 17, 29nll3, 129, 195
Agia Sophia (Saint Sophia) Church, folk
song of, 14
AKEL (Restorative Party of Working
People), communist party, 91,
88n23, 151, 160n35, 182, 185n38,
187n86, 189nl26, 204-9, 211;
between Enosis and self-government,
203, 208, 237;
folk poets and, 151, 208, 211, 214-
15,218, 225nll4;
founding of, 204-6, 209-11;
as working-class champion, 208-11,
213.
See also Christophias; Haravgi;
Servas
AKEL’s unique character:
accommodation with the Church,
210-14;
Church elections, participation in,
230-32;
as loyal Makarios follower, 212;
moderate outlook, 211-14, 218.
See also Christophias; Liasides
Alastos Doros (Evdoros Joannides),
22n7, 70, 170, 181;
champion of Enosis plebiscite, 241;
and left, 178, 185n38;
and peasants in 1931 rebellion, 178
Alexandria, 2, 44, 97, 231, 269, 274n22
All Holy Mother (Virgin Mary),
miracles and, 110, 111, 118n4,
227. See also Kykkos Monastery;
Machairas Monastery
alytrotismos (yearning for salvation),
Great Idea and, 16-17, 142, 255
Anthias, Tevkros (Pavlou, Andreas):
and 1931 rebellion, 181;
AKEL founding and, 205;
poet’s fame, 205-6; 222nn72—73
Antioch, Patriarchate, 2, 22n3
Apostle Andrew Monastery, miracles
and, 5, 111, 118n6;
panigyri and pilgrimage at, 111, 115
Arab Spring, xi
Archbishop-Ethnarch, 7, 9, 40, 56, 61-
62, 73, 74, 84, 92n91, 229. See
also Makarios III, Archbishop-
Ethnarch; millet system
Armitage, Robert, governor, EOKA
rebellion and, 40
Arveler-Glykatzi, Helen, 12, 27n79
309
310
Index
Asia Minor Catastrophe, 17, 21-22,
30nl36;
as Greek folly, 21, 30nl39;
population’s fate, 21, 30nl38;
and Smyrna destruction, 21, 30nl37
Ataturk, Kemal, 21
Atsikkos, Yiakoumis (folk poet), 135
Attalides, Michael, 73, 88n24
autonomy of Cypriot nationalists from
Athens, 183, 203, 239, 281;
October 1931 rebellion and, 183,
189nn132-33;
plebiscite and, 238, 244;
and UN appeal, 256, 259-61,
275nn24, 26
Averoff, Evangelos, 257-58, 274nl4;
and Eden’s affront, 257, 258,
274nl7;
offer of military bases to Britain by,
257-58, 274nnl6, 18
Azinos, Charalambos (folk poet), 110,
111, 123, 129, 135, 151, 198, 200,
209, 214
Babiniotis, George, 12, 27n82, 139nn38,
41
Bahrain, x
Balkan Wars, 17, 19-20, 146, 173, 206
Bartholomew, Ecumenical Patriarch of
Constantinople, 97, 274n23
Battle of Crete, 192, 195
Beckingham, Charles, 134, 168, 172
Beloyiannis, Nikos, 216, 258, 262,
274nn22~23
Biddulph, Robert (governor), 50, 60,
64n49
Bishop(s):
church decentralization and, 82-84;
ethno-religious message of, 84,
92nn92—93;
as local ethnarch, 82-83, 84, 242;
peasants’ loyalty to, 9, 25n52, 73,
83, 91nn85—86.
See also ecclesiastical intrigue; millet
system
Bitter Lemons (Durrell), ix, 45, 58, 141,
279
Bulgaria, 19, 20, 148;
British “Machiavellian” scheme and,
244
Byron, Lord, Greek revolution and,
41-42
Byzantium, 1,12, 22n2, 27n79, 28n90,
196;
Cyprus under, 1-2, 22n2;
Great Idea and, 14, 15
Cairo, x, 44
Came, John, and Archbishop
Kyprianos’ fate, 11, 26nn67-70
carnival:
Church’ s opposition and toleration,
76;
Limassol’s fame for, 76-77, 89nn38-
41
census reports:
1931 report, urban-rural distribution,
71, 72, 87nn9—10;
1946 report, urban-rural distribution,
71, 72, 73, 77, 87nn7-8, 88nl5
Christophias, Demetris:
address to Church Synod by, 213,
224nll0;
as AKEL leader, 212-13;
and Archbishop Demetrios of
America, 213, 224nlll;
Christ’s equalitarian teachings and,
213, 224nll0;
and folk poets, 218, 226nnl34-35;
Makarios’ legacy and, 213, 224nl09;
as president (2008-2013), 213-14
Churchill, Winston:
Cypms visit (1907) by, 41^13;
and enosis sentiment, 42^13,
65nn59-60;
and Greece in World War H, 191-92,
200;
and view of Ottoman rule, 42, 65n58
CIA coup in Iran (1953), and planning
in Cyprus, 267;
and Mossaddeq’s overthrow, 267-68,
276n48
coexistence, Christian and Muslim, 74,
125, 134, 140nn66, 68, 207;
Index
311
economic factors and, 74, 134,
140n60;
folk poets and, 125, 134-36,
137nll, 140nn62—63;
mixed villages and, 89n47, 134,
140n61;
panigyri and, 115, 116, 135, 140n64
coffee shop. See kafeneion
Cold War, 253, 273, 281
Constantine, king of Greece, 20. See
also Royalist-Venizelist split
Constantinople, fall of, 13-14. See also
Byzantium
Constitutional Charter of Cypriot
Church, 83-84, 91nn87-89
Consultative Assembly:
debate on draft constitution, 204;
failure of, 204, 221n59
continuity ideology, 14-16, 28nnl01,
108-9;
and discontinuity, 15, 28nl05.
See also Great Idea
cooperatives, 79-80, 81
Coufoudakis, Van, 17, 26nn55-56
Crawshaw, Nancy, 242, 254, 282,
283n9
Cross, Colin, 41, 47, 168, 171, 172, 183,
270, 273, 280
culture, religion, and politics, ix-xi,
xvinn7-10
Cypriot dialect, xiii, 12, 104, 129-30,
131, 132, 135, 136, 138nn32,
34—35, 152. See also Greek
dialects; folk poems
Cypriot expectations after World War
II, 200-202, 220nn37-38, 40,
221n45
Cypriot solidarity to World War II
Greece:
aid drive, 194—95;
Greek refugees in Cyprus, 195-96,
220nn24—25
Cyprus and World War I, Cypriot
volunteers in, 20
Cyprus Convention at Berlin Congress
(1878), 33-34
Cyprus in World War II:
Cypriot-British solidarity, 192;
Cypriot servicemen in Palestine, 193;
Cypriot volunteers in British army,
193, 219nn5, 7
decolonization, 191, 264, 271, 282
Dervis, Themistoçles, 209, 224n96, 245,
251n90. See also KEK
Disraeli, Benjamin, 34
divide and rule doctrine, 164, 282;
and Legislative Council, 164—66,
168, 184nn6-8;
Turkish minority and, 164, 184n5,
206
Dragoman (official interpreter), 8
Durrell, Lawrence:
ambivalence relating to, 44, 45, 46,
66n78;
as British Information Office
director, 45;
Greek culture, immersion in, 44;
and Greek Cypriot ambivalence, 56,
58-59, 67nnll, 108;
Montis criticism of, xvn5;
ode to Greece by, 44—45, 65nn69-
70;
and promotion of British objectives
in Cyprus, 45, 65nn73, 75;
Seferis criticism of, 45, 65n74.
See also Kyrenia and Durrell
Eastern Mediterranean, 3, 7, 17, 34, 44,
168, 170, 191
ecclesiastical intrigue:
under British and political cover,
85-87, 91 n88, 232;
under Ottomans and survival tactic,
8, 9, 85, 92nn94, 97
EDA (United Democratic Left), support
for Makarios, self-determination,
Enosis and, 262-63
Eden, Anthony, 46, 270, 271;
and Enosis after War, 200;
Greek offer of military bases to, 257,
274nl6;
Suez attack and, 258;
and Turkey, 268, 276n49.
312
Index
See also Averoff; Papagos
EDON (United Democratic Youth
Organization), folk poets and,
151, 160n35
education:
advancement under Britain, 47, 53;
Church resistance to British control
of, 59-62;
high schools and Greek nationalism,
60-61
Egypt. See Nasser; Suez
Emerson, Rupert, 282
Enosis (union with Greece). See Great
Idea; Greek nationalism; Mother
Greece; mystery of Enosis;
plebiscite for Enosis; tribal idols
EOKA (National Organization of
Cypriot Fighters), 43, 44, 58, 173,
183, 268-69, 273, 279
Epirus, 17, 19, 146, 243
EREK (National Radical Union of
Cyprus):
and Cypriot radicals, 173-74;
founding of, 173, 186n60;
Gandhi’s inspiration and, 74;
manifesto by, 176;
role in October 1931 rebellion,
176-78
Ethnarch. See Archbishop-Ethnarch
Fatih, Mehmet, 14
Feraios, Regas, Velestinlis, 10,
26nn58-62
folk poems:
characteristics of, 124, 127-29, 134,
280, 283n6;
duality of, 128-29, 138nn29-30;
oral tradition and, 127-28;
tsiattismata and, 116, 129, 120nn30-
36.
See also Cypriot dialect
folk poets:
attachment to the soil and village,
123-24, 137n3;
and coexistence, 134-36;
panigyri and, 115-16, 135;
and poverty, 124-27
folly. See Tuchman
France, 18, 20, 21, 34, 243, 263
Frangakis-Syrett, Elena, 7, 25n38
Frankish rule, 2-3, 22n7, 85, 124
Gandhi, Mahatma, 175, 176, 179,
186nn61, 63;
and civil disobedience, 174;
as inspiration to Cypriot radicals,
174;
and Salt March, 174.
See also EREK; Nicodemos
Geertz, Clifford, 76, 89nn43, 46, 90n49
Georgallides, George, 65n58, 87nl0,
169, 173, 182, 186nn60, 64,
189nnl30, 132
George, Lloyd, 168
Gerolymatos, Andre, 21, 31nl40, 196,
221n48, 262
Gladstone, William, Enosis desire in
Cyprus and, 164
Gourgouris, Stathis, 15, 28nn 104-5
Great Idea, 14-15, 18-22, 28nn95-96,
101, 103, 106-7, 30nn136-40;
folklore and, 15-16, 28nnl08-12;
irredentism and, 14, 17, 18,
29nnl14-15, 118, 142;
as liberation movement, 16-17,
29nn 116-20;
as Messianic ideology, 16.
See also alytrotismos; continuity
ideology
Greece and World War II, 160n40, 198,
220n23, 228, 230, 276n52;
Anglo-Greek alliance, 191-92,
219nn2-3;
resistance to German occupation,
191-92, 196, 200;
suffering during, 196-99
Greek Civil War (1944-1949), 202,
221n48, 228, 230, 231, 239;
and Britain, 202;
effect on Cyprus, 202, 207-8, 209,
211, 221nn50-51, 223nn82, 85,
91, 224n99, 281;
Index
313
lasting impact of, 202, 216, 259,
261-62, 275nn28, 31;
persecution of left, 262, 275n29.
See also Gerolymatos; Truman
Doctrine
Greek dialects and multiplicity of
vernaculars in modem Greek state
(1830), 129, 138n36. See also
Greek language
Greek Easter, 106nn8-12, 195-96
Greek irredentist nationalism. See Great
Idea
Greek Islands (Durrell), 44-45, 46,
65nn68-70, 66n78
Greek Jews, 197, 220n29
Greek language:
Alexandrian koine, 129, 139n38;
demotic Greek, 129-30, 139nn39-
41, 152;
Greek koine (universal Greek),
129-30, 131, 132, 139nn38-41,
43, 152, 157, 206;
katharevousa (purer Greek), 129,
130, 131, 132, 139n39, 234
Greek nationalism. See Great Idea;
Greek Revolution; Koraes
Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus, 1-2,
22nnl-6, 35, 38, 39, 40, 81, 83,
85, 94, 98, 100, 101, 109, 171,
229;
decentralized character of, 81, 82,
91n88, 92nn89-90;
populist character of, 83-84, 92n90.
See also Bishop(s); millet system
Greek Revolution, 9-10, 13, 26nn57-
62, 27n89, 56, 200, 212;
Cyprus and, 10-13, 26nn63-73
Greek-Turkish War (1897), 17-19,
29nn123-24, 30nn125-30
Grivas, Anastasios (folk poet), 110, 111,
209, 211
Grivas, George (Digenis). See EOKA
Hadjipolycarpou, Maria, 155, 158,
160n46, 233
Hajigeorgakis, Komesios, 8, 10, 25n47
Haravgi (Dawn), forum for folk poets,
15, 160n35, 218, 226nl36
Herzfeld, Michael, 14, 28nn95, 109-10
Hill, George, 3, 9, 10, 11, 23nl4, 36,
85, 164
Holland, Robert, 158, 172, 182, 240,
242, 244, 262, 264, 269
Hopkinson, Henry, self-determination
rejection by, 270-71, 277n64
Iatrides, John, 256
India and Cypriot self-determination at
UN: ’
Krishna Menon and Kashmir relating
to, 272, 277n70, 278nn70-73;
reservations by, 272, 277n69.
See also UN debate
Ioannides, Georgios Ch., 181, 276n50
Ioannides, Ioannis Ch. See KARE
Ioannidis, Pavlos. See KARE
Ionian Islands, 36, 63nnl4, 20, 174,
186n60
Iranian Revolution, x-xii, xnn9-ll. See
also CIA coup in Iran
irredentism. See Great Idea
Isaacs, Harold, 142, 159nl0
Islamic Revolution. See Iranian
Revolution
Israel. See Jewish refugees in Cyprus;
kibbutz experiment in Cyprus
Jerusalem, 2, 101, 229
Jewish refugees in Cyprus (1946-1949):
in British detention camps, 193,
219nnl0~12;
support by left to, 193-94, 219nnl4-15
Jews. See Greek Jews; Israel
Jones, Creech, 203
kafeneion (coffee shop):
politics at, 133-34;
rightist and leftist, 134, 208, 211-12,
223n88, 224nnl03, 105;
as village social center, 133-34
Kanellopoulos, Panayiotis, 244
Kapodistrias, Ioannis, 13, 27n85
314
Index
RARE (Cypriot Fighters Risk Taking
Leaders):
and 1931 rebellion, 268;
and EOKA, 268, 269;
Ioannides, Ioannis Ch., founder of,
268, 269, 276n50, 277n55;
Ioannidis, Pavlos and, 268, 276nn51-
52;
revival (1952), 268
Kameras, Kyriacos (folk poet), 135,
151, 160nn35—36
Kataklysmos panigyri, tsiattismata at,
116, 120nn30—35
Katsantonis, Antonis (folk poet), 135,
214,218
Kavafy, Constantine, 97-98;
Bartholomew honors, 97, 106nl4;
In Church, poem by, 97, 106nl5
KEK (Cypriot National Party), 209
Kenya. See tribal idols
Khomeini, Ruhollah, x
kibbutz experiment in Cyprus, 194-95
King Paul of Greece, 235, 244, 249n42,
250nn85-88, 253, 259, 274nl,
275n25
Kitromilides, Paschalis, 16-17, 26nn58,
61, 27n86, 28n99, 139n37
KKE (Communist Party of Greece),
204, 205
Komnenos, Manuel, emperor, 111
Konstantinou, Charalambos (folk poet),
146, 147
Koraes, Adamantios, 14—15;
Byzantium and, 15, 28nn98-99;
classical Greece and, 14, 28n96;
Greek revolution and, 14;
Jefferson and, 14-15, 28n97
Kostaki, Christophoros (folk poet), 100
Kranidiotes, Nicos, 236, 240, 249n63,
274n5
Küçük, Mehmed and July 1821 massacre,
11-12, 13, 26nn66, 70-73
Kun, Bela, 187n87
Kykkos Monastery, 38, 82, 115, 212,
224nl09, 228, 247n4;
panigyri and pilgrimage at, 110,
119nl8;
and Virgins’ miraculous icon, 110,
118nn3-4, 227
Kykkotis, Dionysios, 177, 181
Kyprianos, Archbishop:
Greek revolution and, 10, 26nn62-
64;
execution of (July 1821), 11-12,
26nn67, 70-73.
See also Michaelides, Vasilis
Kyprianou, Nicholas (folk poet), 49
Kyrenia and Durrell, 141^12, 128nnl-2;
Bellapaix, 141-42, 158n6;
Clito’s tavern allure, 128n3, 141;
friendships and dialogues on Enosis
in, 128nn4, 7-8, 141-42;
Panos and, 141, 279, 283nnl-3
Kyriakides, Stanley, 165, 167, 184nn7,
31
Kyrou, Alexis (Greek Consul):
Enosis activism and 1931 rebellion,
81;
support for land reform as in Greece
by, 81-82, 91nn80-81
Kyrris, Costas, 81, 91n74
land reform in Greece, 81, 91nn75~76;
and appeal to Cypriot peasants, 81,
91nn74, 77;
and Kileler peasant uprising, 81
Lang, Hamilton (British Vice-Consul),
11
Lanitis, Nicholas, Cl., 243
Laographia (folklore). See continuity
ideology
laoprovlytos (emerged from and elected
by the people), 84, 232
Legislative Council:
Anglo-Turkish alliance at, 165, 166,
168, 184nn8, 25;
and divide and rule policy, 164—65,
184n7;
as Greek opposition platform, 167,
168, 184nl3
Index
315
Lekkas, Pandelis, 16, 29nlll, 143,
159nnll—12
Leontios, Bishop of Paphos, Locum-
tenens: 188nl21, 229;
and AKEL support of, 202, 230,
247nnl7-18, 248nl9;
as Archbishop (1947), 230, 248n20;
as Enosis leader, 202, 221n54, 229,
230, 247nnll, 15-16,
See also Palmer
Leontios Machairas, Cypriot dialect and,
129, 138n32
Leontis, Artemis, 76, 93, 95, 97, 105nl,
109, 117, 118nl, 121n37
Lewis, Bernard, 5, 7, 24nn29, 37
Liasides, Pavlos (folk poet), xiv, 105,
123, 131, 148;
autobiography, 214, 225nll5;
believer in Christ, 211, 216-18,
226nl32;
communist ideology of a class poet,
208, 215, 216, 218;
and Israel’s establishment, 216;
life of poverty, 126-27, 137nl3, 214,
215, 225nll7;
mystical poetry of, 143-44, 159nl8;
and social justice, 127, 214, 215,
216, 218, 225nll6;
symbolic poetry, longing for
the “mother” and, 148-51,
160nn29-31
Linovamvakoi (cotton-linen people):
Christian converts to Islam, 4-5,
23nl8-24nl9;
praying at the village church, 5,
24n28;
and religious syncretism, 4,
24nn20-25
Lipertis, Dimitris, poet’s fame, 152,
160n38
locust plague (raids): 100-101,
107nn27-30
Lodge, Henry Cabot (US envoy to UN).
See UN debate
Loizides, Savvas:
1931 rebellion and, 176-77,
186nn78, 80, 83, 187n99;
and EREK founding, 173, 186nn59-
60;
exile in Athens, 181, 231;
and Makarios, 231, 236, 248n24;
and plebiscite organization, 236,
239-40, 243, 249n64, 250n81
MacDonald, Ramsey, 168
Macedonia and Balkan Wars, 19, 146;
and Great Idea, 17
Machairas Monastery:
panigyri and pilgrimage at, 11;
and Virgin’s miraculous icon, 11,
118n5
Makarios II, Archbishop, 230, 231, 232,
233, 236;
as Bishop of Kyrenia, 173, 230;
as EREK leader, 173, 176, 186n76;
exile in Athens, 231, 248n23;
and October 1931 rebellion, 176,
179, 186n77, 187nn99-101,
188nl02;
and plebiscite, 236-39, 249nn56-57,
59—60
Makarios III, Archbishop-Ethnarch:
charisma of, 227, 234, 235, 247nl,
248n40, 261, 275n27;
education of, 227, 228, 247nn4, 6-7;
election as Bishop of Kition, 228,
231, 248nn23-28;
Makarios as President and AKEL’s
support, 212, 224nnl06-8, 109;
peasants’ loyalty to, 130, 228, 247n5;
popular election as God’s will,
232-34, 248nn29—30, 32-34,
36-38;
studies in Boston, 228, 231,
247nn9-10;
village roots, 227, 228, 247nn3, 5
Makarios III and Greece:
Athens Radio address, denunciation
of Greek government by (July 25,
1952), 260-62, 263, 275nn26, 36;
316
Index
emergence as Pan-Hellenic leader,
234-35, 248n42, 263, 275n31;
support by the left, 262-63,
275nn32-35
Mana (mother), 134, 145, 146, 150-51,
153-54, 156, 160n32, 179,
275n30
Mappouras, Andreas (folk poet),
126-27, 135
March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam
(Tuchman), 30nl39, 281
Markides, Kyriacos, 136nn2-3, 207,
212, 223n83, 224nl00, 228, 247nl
Martin, John, Sir (British Minister of
State) and Durrell, 43-44, 65n64
Mavrovouniotis, Antonis (folk poet), 99
Máximos, Father:
on experiential role of church, 98,
106nl7, 158n55;
on ypomone, 96, 106nl3
Megali Idea. See Great Idea
Michael, Demetris (folk poet), 104
Michaelides, Vasilis, July Ninth 1821
(poem), 12
millet system, 5-9, 24nn30-32, 37;
Archbishop as Ethnarch under, 6-8,
24nn34-35;
Church under, 7-9, 24nn33, 40-46
Monroe, Elizabeth, 62, 68nl29, 172,
185n50
Mother Greece. See alytrotismos;
Enos is; Great Idea
municipal elections (1946) and AKEL’s
victory, 209-11, 223nn92-93, 99
Muslim Turkish minority community:
British dismantling of millet system
and, 40;
establishment as community of
believers 0umma), 4, 23nl7;
opposition to Greek majority rights,
41, 169, 184n230;
view of British as natural protectors
by, 40-41, 65n54, 169.
See also coexistence; Turkish
Cypriots
mystery of Enosis:
American Consul and, 143,
159nl4;
Durrell and, 141, 142, 143, 159nl3;
and a mystical bond, 143-44,
159nnl 1, 15, 17-18.
See also tribal idols
Naim, Tom, 142
Nasser, Gamal Abdel:
Egyptian Revolution and, 264, 266,
268;
as Pan-Arab leader, 264, 268;
Suez and, 264, 266, 270, 276n62
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization), 266, 276nn42,45
Nicholson, Reginald (acting governor)
belief in:
marginal popular support for Enosis,
171, 186nn44-46;
subservient peasants, 171, 186n42;
Nicodemos, Bishop of Kition, 80, 81,
82, 166, 168, 169-70, 184n21,
186n79;
exile of, 18;
and Gandhi, 174, 175, 176, 186nn68,
71, 75;
and manifesto as sacred nationalism,
175, 186nn70, 72-74;
October 1931 rebellion, 174-76, 182
Nicosia:
as cultural center, 74-75, 88nn32-33,
89nn36-37;
DurreH’s impressions of, 74, 88n31;
rural characteristics of, 73-74,
88nn24-30
October 1931 rebellion:
burning of Government House, 177,
186nn83-84;
city demonstrations during, 177,
179-81;
economic conditions and, 174, 177,
186nn65-66, 82;
Enosis demand and, 177, 186nn80;
EREKand, 176-77, 186n81;
spontaneity of, 181-82, 188nnl24-25
Index
317
October 1931 rebellion and countryside;
demographics and 1931 rebellion,
the peasant factor, 179-81,
188nnl08—18;
riots in villages, 178-79, 187nn90-91;
salt stealing during, 178-79,
187nn96—97
Ottoman rule, Cyprus under, 3-13
Palesis, Antonis, 107n38
Palesis, Christophoros (folk poet), xiv,
103, 112, 123, 125, 129, 131,
132-33, 135, 145-46;
on Anglo-Turkish alliance in
Legislative Council, 165-66;
contrast of British to Ottoman rule
(1901), 51-53;
life of poverty, 103;
opposition to British rule and Enosis
as freedom (1930), 57-58;
tsiattismata and, 103;
and yearning for social justice, 61,
68nl23, 103-A 107nn42-43
Palesis, Ioannis (folk poet), 103, 107n40
Palesis, John, xiv
Palmer, Richard (governor), 229-30;
dictatorial rule, 181, 188nl23;
effort to control the Church, 61-62,
68nl24, 229, 247nnl2-13;
and Leontios, Bishop, 229, 247nnll,
15-16;
plan to Anglicize education, 61-62,
68nn124-27
Pancyprian Gymnasium, 60, 228;
Greek nationalist ideology and, 62,
74-75.
See also education
panigyri (religious festival) multiple
functions of:
centrality in Cypriot culture, 109-10,
117-18, 118nnl—2, 121nn37-38;
commercial functions vital to
economy, 78, 90n54, 110, 112—
15, 119nnll—24;
cultural functions, 103, 107n40,
115-17, 120nn25—36;
as folk poets’ forum, 103, 107n40,
115, 120nn30, 34-35;
religious functions and pilgrimages,
98, 106n20, 109-12, 118nn3-6
Panteli, Stavros, 94, 134, 135, 177, 179,
180
Papadopoulos, Kyriacos (folk poet), 18
Papagos, Alexander:
AnglO Greek alliance in World War
H and, 191-92, 219nnl-3;
and Eden’s affront, 269, 277nn56-
57;
Makarios and, 259, 271
Papandreou, George, 245, 251n90
Papandreou Andreas, 275n27
Papaparrigopoulos, Constantinos. See
continuity ideology
Pascha (Easter). See Greek Easter
Passfield, Lord, 169-70, 184nn26,
32-38
PEAK (Pan-Hellenic Committee for
Cypriot Self-determination), 245,
250n82, 259, 271
peasant debt and usury, 78-79, 90nn55-
67, 103-5, 107nn42—44
Peristiani, Jean, 77
philhellenism:
British classical education and, 44,
65nn65-66;
and British officials’ ambivalence,
44, 46, 65n67;
World War II and, 191
Philiki Etairia (Society of Friends), 10,
26n62
Philippou, Konstantinos (folk poet), 54
philoxenia (hospitality), 49, 173,
185n56
Plastiras, Michael (folk poet), 198
Plastiras, Nikolaos, 244, 263
plebiscite for Enosis (January 1950),
155, 161n48;
Bishop Makarios of Kition as
organizer, 237;
British rejection of plebiscite
and results, 239, 241, 249n58,
250n76;
318
Index
Cypriot delegation’s visit to Greece
and mass mobilization in support
of, 243-45;
popular vote unanimous in, 241-42,
250nn68-70, 75;
self-determination and, 236-38, 239,
249nn44, 56, 60-61;
support by AKEL of, 208, 223n84,
237, 249nn50—54;
US visit by delegation of, 246-47;
voting as religious experience, 240,
249nn62—65
poietarides (poem makers), xii, 28nl09,
111, 126, 131
political soteriology, meaning of, 154;
and Makarios’ fusion of theology
and nationalism, 154-58, 160n46,
161nn47-56
Pontos, 17; Pontian dialect, 139n46
Poulantzas, Nicos:
Athens demonstrations for Cyprus
and, 263, 275n34;
EDA’s Cyprus activism and, 263,
275nn32-33
Proussis, Costas, and Liasides, 215
Purcell, H. D., 86, 98, 173, 248n25, 257
radicals. See adiallaktoi; EREK
RAF (Royal Air Force), 181, 188n20
Rappas, Alexis, 61, 80
realpolitik, 273, 282
Richard Coeur-de-Lion and Cyprus’
conquest (1191), 2
Richter, Hans, 78, 172, 181, 226nl37
Ritsos, Yiannis, Cyprus, and Romiosyni,
262
Romiosyni, meaning of, 12
Rossides, Zenon, 169, 236
Royalist-Venizelist split, 20-21, 22
Russia, 21, 33-34, 192, 200
Sami Pasha, 31, 37
Scholarius, Gennadios, 7
Servas, Ploutis:
as AKEL’s founding father and
theoretician, 205-6, 222nn67-69;
and coexistence, 207;
critical of the Church, 206;
Enosis, criticism and mixed
sentiments of, 207-8, 223nn76,
80;
as Limassol mayor, 206;
Moscow studies of, 205;
and “revisionism,” 206
Skeleas, Kostas, 178, 181
Soviet Union, 201, 205, 208, 258
Sozos, Christodoulos, 20
Spyridon, Archbishop of Athens, PEAK
and, 243, 244, 245, 259, 271
Stevenson, Adlai, Cyprus meeting with
Makarios and, 266, 276n43
Storrs, Ronald (governor), 44, 70, 169,
173;
lover of classics, 44, 65n65;
marginal support for Enosis view of,
170-71, 185n41;
October 1931 rebellion and, 174,
177, 181, 182, 186n83, 187n84,
188nl25, 189nl29
Stubbs, Edward, 61
Suez, 34, 266, 270;
Cyprus as base for attack on, 258,
264, 268, 282.
See also Eden; Nasser
Syrimis, George, 120n31, 128, 138n29
Taeuber, Irene, Cyprus demographic
study by, 70, 87n7
tama (votive offering), 110—11, 118n3
Tehran, x, 267
Theodorakis, Mikis, Cyprus and
Romiosyni, 262
Thessaloniki, liberation of, 19, 148
topolalia (spoken vernacular). See
Cypriot dialect
Tourkokratia (Turkish rule), 13
Treaty of Lausanne, 21
tribal idol(s):
Kenya and, 142;
mother Greece as, 143, 159nnll—12;
Muumbi, mother of Kikuyu tribe,
142, 159nl0;
Index
319
mystical bond and, 143, 159nnl3-17.
See also Mother Greece; mystery of
Enosis
Tribute, 34, 36, 42
Truman Doctrine (March 1947):
and defeat of communist guerrillas,
203;
dependence on US and Greek foreign
policy constraints, 202, 221n56,
281;
and massive aid to Greece, 203,
221n55
Tsaldaris, Constantine, 202, 239
Tserkezis, Savvas, 18
tsiattismata (distich rhymes). See folk
poems; Kataklysmos
Tuchman, Barbara, definition of folly
by, 30nl39;
and wooden-headedness, 281, 283n7
Turkey:
Eden and, 268;
invasion of Cyprus by, 5, 89n46,
135, 213, 217;
role of Islam in, x, xi;
and World War I, 19, 20;
World War II and neutrality of, 201,
221n41.
See also Asia Minor Catastrophe;
Ataturk; UN debate
Turkish Cypriots: See under
coexistence; Muslim Turkish
minority community; Turkey
Tylliria, 5
Tzapouras, Christodoulos (folk poet),
18, 50-51
Umma (community of believers), 4, 5
UN appeal by Greece for Cyprus’ self-
determination, Makarios’ pressure
and, 253-56, 259, 260-61, 271,
275nn24, 26;
popular mobilization in Greece and,
259, 271, 277n65
UN debate on Greek appeal (fall 1954):
Anglo-Turkish opposition to, 272,
277n67;
Cold War and, 273;
Krishna Menon and Kashmir relating
to, 272;
Makarios’ uphill diplomacy, 272-73;
unfavorable UN resolution, 273;
US and support to Britain, 272, 273,
277nn68—69, 278n76.
See also India
United States and Cyprus:
and CIA coup in Iran, 267, 276nn46-
48;
questions plebiscite, 242;
vital strategic base, 256, 265.
See also UN debate
United States and Greece. See Truman
Doctrine
United States and Iran:
CIA coup in Iran, 267;
hostage crisis, x, xiin9;
Shah’s support by, x
Vanezis, P.N. 228
Vatikiotis, P. J. 167
Vatyliotis, Charalambos, 178, 181,
187n87
Venizelos, Eleftherios:
Britain as vital ally, 21, 22, 183;
Cretan rebellion for Enosis led by,
18;
denounces October 1931 rebellion,
183, 189nnl34-35
Venizelos, Sophocles, offer of military
bases to Britain and, 258, 274n21
Veremis, Thanos, 16, 17
Victoria, Queen of England, 33, 34, 35,
38, 50, 54
Viet Nam, xi
village(s):
family as central social institution in,
78-79;
family bond with the soil, 123;
and peasant community, 76-78
Vryonides, Andronikos, 231, 232
Wilson, Woodrow, 167
Winster, Lord:
320
Index
belief in marginal support for Enosis,
170, 238;
Consultative Assembly and, 202,
204, 242, 250n78
Wolf, Eric, xi
Wolseley, Garnet, first High
Commissioner:
Greek population’s welcome and
demands for Enosis, 35-36, 38,
63nnl4, 20;
private journal of, 35, 63n9;
promises freedom and justice, 35,
63nl2;
and view of Greek clergy, 38-39,
64nn35, 40-41;
and view of Ottoman rule, 36,
63nnl5-19, 25-26;
vital improvements in the island
under, 39
Wright, Andrew, 238-39
Xenofontos, Andriana, and
Paraskevas, 5
Xioutas, Pavlos, 128
Yakkoullas, Mustafa (folk poet), 136
Yiangoullis, Constantinos, “father”
of study of Cypriot folk poetry,
xiii—xiv
Yiasonis, Yianni (folk poet), 125
Ypomone (patience), meaning of, 96;
Father Máximos and, 96, 106nl3;
peasants and, 96-97
Zenon, emperor, 2
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ioannides, Christos P. 1946- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1179306627 |
| author_facet | Ioannides, Christos P. 1946- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ioannides, Christos P. 1946- |
| author_variant | c p i cp cpi |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045456953 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS54 |
| callnumber-raw | DS54.8 |
| callnumber-search | DS54.8 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 254.8 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1090770366 (DE-599)BVBBV045456953 |
| dewey-full | 956.93/03 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 956 - Middle East (Near East) |
| dewey-raw | 956.93/03 |
| dewey-search | 956.93/03 |
| dewey-sort | 3956.93 13 |
| dewey-tens | 950 - History of Asia |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1878-1954 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1878-1954 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Cyprus History British rule, 1878-1960 Cyprus Civilization Cyprus Foreign relations Greece Greece Foreign relations Cyprus Zypern (DE-588)4079596-2 gnd Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Cyprus History British rule, 1878-1960 Cyprus Civilization Cyprus Foreign relations Greece Greece Foreign relations Cyprus Zypern Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV045456953 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:18:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781498582049 9781498582025 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 018042872 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030842216 |
| oclc_num | 1090770366 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvii, 321 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ioannides, Christos P. 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)1179306627 aut Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 Christos P. Ioannides Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2019] © 2019 xvii, 321 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index This study examines British rule in Cyprus from 1878 to 1954. The author analyzes the cultural and religious dimensions of Cypriot responses to British rule and the ways in which Greek Orthodox culture was a primary conduit for resistance to the colonial system Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados Cyprus History Geschichte 1878-1954 gnd rswk-swf Politics and culture Cyprus History 19th century Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd rswk-swf Cyprus History British rule, 1878-1960 Cyprus Civilization Cyprus Foreign relations Greece Greece Foreign relations Cyprus Zypern (DE-588)4079596-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Zypern (DE-588)4079596-2 g Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 s Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Geschichte 1878-1954 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. Ioannides, Christos P., 1946- author Cyprus under British colonial rule Lanham, Maryland : Lexington Books, 2019 978-1-4985-8203-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Ioannides, Christos P. 1946- Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados Cyprus History Politics and culture Cyprus History 19th century Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006020-2 (DE-588)4079596-2 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 |
| title_auth | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 |
| title_exact_search | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 |
| title_full | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 Christos P. Ioannides |
| title_fullStr | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 Christos P. Ioannides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cyprus under British colonial rule culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 Christos P. Ioannides |
| title_short | Cyprus under British colonial rule |
| title_sort | cyprus under british colonial rule culture politics and the movement toward union with greece 1878 1954 |
| title_sub | culture, politics, and the movement toward union with Greece, 1878-1954 |
| topic | Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados Cyprus History Politics and culture Cyprus History 19th century Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados Cyprus History Politics and culture Cyprus History 19th century Besetzung Cyprus History British rule, 1878-1960 Cyprus Civilization Cyprus Foreign relations Greece Greece Foreign relations Cyprus Zypern Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030842216&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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