Armageddon insurance: civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991
"The dangerous, decades-long arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War begged a fundamental question: how did these superpowers actually plan to survive a nuclear strike? In Armageddon insurance, the first historical account of Soviet civil defense and a pione...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina Press
[2019]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The new Cold War history
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The dangerous, decades-long arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War begged a fundamental question: how did these superpowers actually plan to survive a nuclear strike? In Armageddon insurance, the first historical account of Soviet civil defense and a pioneering reappraisal of its American counterpart, Edward M. Geist compares how the two superpowers tried, and mostly failed, to reinforce their societies to withstand the ultimate catastrophe"... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781469645254 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments, xi
Introduction, 1
Propaganda, Mobilization, and Survival
1 Inauspicious Beginnings, 17
2 The Window of Survivability, 53
3 The “Oh My God!” Phase, 97
4 The Real Mineshaft Gap, 138
5 Strategy for Survival, 189
Conclusion, 240
Insurance Forgone
Notes, 255
Bibliography, 295
Index, 315
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State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF)
Ukraine
Central State Archive of Social Organizations of Ukraine, Kiev (TsDAHO)
Fondi
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Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (DDEL), Abilene, Kansas
National Archives (NA), College Park, Maryland
Record Group 304, Records of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Record Group 396, Records of the Office of Emergency Preparedness
Record Group 397, Records of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
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Bibliography 313
Index
Page numbers in italics signify graphics.
1927 war scare, 22, 25, 241, 257028
1983 war scare, 189-90, 226-27, 241.
See also Operation “RYAN”
2016 war scare, 240-42
Able Archer, 189
ABM Treaty, 6,179, 207
agitation, 12,14,19, 242, 243, 249-50
Air War and Emotional Stress (1951
book), 65
Aksiutin, Iurii, 174
Alas, Babylon (1959 novel), 129-31,
274nii7
Alert America campaign, 75
Altunin, Boris, 196,198, 210, 211, 235
American Imperialism: The Bitterest
Enemy of the Peoples (1952 book), 122
Amerika (1987 miniseries), 230
Andromeda Nebula (1957 novel), 134
Andropov, Yuri, 189, 226, 241
antiballistic missile (ABM), 5, 6,146,
148-50,171,178-79,192, 207, 28onio8
antinuclear movements, 69,163, 211,
214-15, 217-18, 224, 226-27, 233-
See also civil defense protest
movement
Archer Productions, 69-73, 75,108,
26sn69
ARCOS affair, 22, 24
Armenian earthquake, 235-36, 248
arms control, 7,141,145-47,187,
192-93, 201-3, 206, 211; and civil
defense, 166-70, 232-33
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
(ACDA), 166-69,192, 204-9
assured destruction, 15,149-50,
192-93, 202, 277033
assured retaliation, 193
atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons
Atomic Cafe (1982 film), 69
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 57,
62, 96,117,118
Atomnaia krepost’ (1958 novel), 132
Atomstodin (1948 novel), 86,132
AVIAKhIM, 24, 256-571120
Becton, Francis, 224, 225
Beers, Barnet, 33~34, 39, 43, 48, 50, 52
behavioralism, 67-68; The American
Soldier (1949 book), 67; influence on
U.S. civil defense, 74
Beria, Lavrenti, 35-37, 44-45, 52,
82-83, 97,194
Berlin Crisis (1948), 43
Berlin Crisis (1961), 153,162-64,189
Bikini Atoll, 34-36,117-18
biological weapons and warfare, 24, 27,
30, 53, 69, 90-91
blackout procedures, 31, 45, 84,
26onii4
blast shelters, 29, 33,186-88,196-99,
213, 223, 227-28, 237, 244-45,
2820146; DCPA proposal, 204;
different from fallout shelters, 119,
184; effectiveness in Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, 17-19; effectiveness in
WWII, 18-19, 29; Eisenhower-era
proposal, 100,102-7, 245; FCDA
proposals, 55-62,105-6; Russian,
241; Soviet, 79-82, 90-94,176-80,
blast shelters (cont.)
208; Soviet, cost of, 26911155,
26911157, 2931116; Truman-era
proposal, 55-61, 245
blat, 93
Block, Herbert, 50, 61,109
Boston, 63
Braun, Marilyn J., 214-15, 221, 288090
Brennan, Donald, 150,166
Brezhnev, Leonid, 15,174,191,195-96,
226-28, 234, 247
Brodie, Bernard, 195
Brown, Harold K., 204, 206, 208-9, 219
Bukharin, Nikolai, 22, 24, 27
Bulganin, Nikolai, 52, 83
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 18, 51,
65,118,151, 209, 210
Bush, George H. W., 224, 309
Caldwell, Millard R, 112, 245; governor
of Florida, 49; head of FCDA, 49-51,
57-61, 266097; racial controversy,
49 51, 78, 26ini26, 26ini28, 266093;
resignation, 79; role in 1948 presiden-
tial election, 49, 2601127
California, 1,100,102,112,125,141,143,
163, 212, 216
Calonius, Lars, 72-73
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 215-16, 221
Cannon, Clarence, 62,164
A Canticle for Leibowitz (1959 novel),
129-30
Carter, Jimmy, 173, 203-4, 207-10
Castle Bravo, 102
Caucasus, 115-16
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
121-25,128,167, 203, 206-7, 218, 235,
269H157, 279097
Chazov, Evgenii, 228-29
chemical weapons, 23-24, 26-28, 53,
90-91
Chernobyl, 191, 234-36, 244, 248
Chester, Conrad, 232, 292ni57
children, 68-75, no, 114,116,122,180,
272063, 2901147
Chuikov, Vasilii, 175-78,197, 2801130
civil defense, definition, 2; economic
arguments against, 5-6,100,127-28,
245; nineteenth-century antecedents,
20-21; origin of name, 34; strategic
arguments against, 146,151-52,
206-8; in Switzerland, 120, 225, 239;
technical controversy about, 7, 202,
208, 219-20, 228-29, 245; in United
Kingdom, 27-28, 30, 34, 2571139-
See also civil defense, Soviet Union;
civil defense, United States
civil defense, Russia. See Ministry of
Extreme Situations
civil defense, Soviet Union: budgets, 15,
18, 82, 93-94,128-29,178-80,
269ni54, 2801141, 293016; at
Chernobyl, 234-35; relationship to
Soviet nuclear strategy, 153-57,
210-11; and surprise attack, 196-97;
temporary dissolution, 127-29; U.S.
interpretations of, 121-22,125-27,
181-84,199-200, 202-3, 235-36.
See also Grazhdanskaia Oborona;
Mestnaia Protivovozdushnaia
Oborona
civil defense, United States: budgets,
57, 59-6o, 102-4, 159-6i, 164,
172-73, 201, 210, 214, 216, 218,
220-21, 224, 245; post-Cold War,
242-43, 248; relationship to U.S.
nuclear strategy, 203-8, 213-14;
Soviet interpretations of, 122-24,
183-86, 211, 226-27; in World War
II, 30-32. See also Defense Civil
Preparedness Agency; Federal Civil
Defense Administration; Federal
Emergency Management Agency;
Office of Civil and Defense Mobiliza-
tion; Office of Civil Defense; Office
of Civilian Defense
Civil Defense: A Choice of Disasters (1987
book), 219
Civil Defense Act of 1950, 51, 56-57, 60,
26111132
316 Index
Civil Defense Alert (magazine), 62, 69, 73
Civil Defense and Arms Control, 166-67,
169
Civil Defense in the Soviet Union (1962
book), 126-27
Civil Defense of the USA (i960 book),
124,127
civil defense protest movement, 123, 218
Civil Defense Research Group (ORNL),
202, 232
Clarkson, Helen, 130
cobalt bomb, 129, 216
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(CPSU), 11, 82, 122,136,153,174, 228,
233, 250, 293ni7
community shelter program, 139,
157-64; assumptions about Soviet
attack, 161-62; design assumptions,
159-60, 28omi2; estimated effective-
ness, 159-61; shelter marking, 139,
159,172, 214, 287n84; shelter
stocking, 139,159, 2871184; shelter
survey, 139,159,172, 222, 287084
computers, 159-60, 181, 204
continuity of government, 2, 4, 212,
222, 225
The Counterfeit Ark: Crisis Relocation for
Nuclear War (1984 book), 218
counterforce, 147-51,162,169, 200,
205, 231, 235, 237; de facto U.S.
policy, 193; defined, 143-44; relation-
ship to civil defense, 150-51,169; in
Soviet strategy, 195-96. See also
NUTS
countervalue, 143-46,148-50,196, 205,
231, 237. See also MAD
Crimean War, 20
Crisis Relocation Program (CRP), 190,
192, 200-204, 211-26, 231, 238,
288n90, 289mo3; local opposition,
215-16, 221, 225. See also Evacuation:
strategic
Cuban Missile Crisis, 6,138,139,
174-75, 189, 241, 247, 27503, 276n6,
28304
The Day After (1983 film), 216-17, 230
Dead Man s Letters (1986 film), 230
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
(DCPA), 173, 182, 200-201, 204, 206,
209
détente, 169,190, 201-4, 248
deterrence, 142-48,150,193-94, 239;
civil defense as contributor to
deterrence, 77,158, 213, 231-33; civil
defense as impediment to deterrence,
151-52,167
DOBROKhIM, 23-24
Doctor Strangelove (1964 film),
131, 144
Doomsday Machine, 121,144
DOSAAF, 46-47, 85-91, 129, 176-77,
198, 2600113, 2670125, 268ni35,
2810137
DOSARM, 45-46
Drell, Sidney, 202, 285045
drills, 24, 27, 45, 70, 241; duck and
cover, 71; evacuation, 110,122
Duck and Cover (1951 film), 68-76, 78,
117,122, 265057
Dulles, John Foster, 79,105,136,142
Dyke, Peter, 218, 288nioo
Dyson, Freeman, 151-52, 233
Dzerzhinskii, Felix, 23
Efremov, Ivan, 133~ 35
Eisenhower, Dwight, 53, 79, 153;
Federal Highways Act of 1956, 112-13;
opposition to civil defense, 13,
100-101,104-5,136
emergency management, 2, 201, 208-9,
212, 214, 218, 221-22, 240
Energiia podvlastna nam! (1951 novel),
132
Estonia, 88
evacuation: drills, 110,114; post-attack,
106; strategic, 107,110,123,182,187,
190,199-200, 206, 213-14, 217-18,
220-22, 224, 238, 244, 284031;
tactical, 13,100, 106-7,109-11,124,
127,137, 272043; types, 106
Index 317
fallout, 95-99,102,116-18,130; poor
understanding of in early 1950s,
117-18. See also fallout shelters
Fallout Protection (1961 booklet), 163
fallout shelters, 13,16, 273081, 282-
8311166; community, i37-4h 146,151,
157-65,169,172,175,177,180,182,
184-85,187; differences from blast
shelters, 55-56,119; first proposed,
119; home, 99,102,105-6,119-21,
127,137; neglected in CRP, 222,
278n66; Soviet, 140,176,196-98.
See also community shelter program;
Shelter Incentive Program
Fate of the Earth (1982 book), 217, 233,
288097
Federal Civil Defense Administration
(FCDA), 13, 20, 79, 94-95,135-37,187,
244-46, 271112; established, 50; hopes
for how civil defense would work,
53-55, 98-99; merged with Office of
Defense Mobilization, 104; moved to
Battle Creek, 26903, 273073; origins
in NSRB, 47-49; public communica-
tions strategy, 61-78,135; shelter
development plans, 54-60,100-106;
Soviet perceptions of, 123-27; tactical
evacuation, 106-13
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA), 190, 203, 237, 248,
287078, 288095, 2890113, 2900122;
and CRP, 212-25; established, 209;
and peacetime emergency manage-
ment, 190, 212, 217-18
Federal Highway Act of 1956,113
Finland, 28, 258054
fire, 119,180, 273076, 2901142
First Main Directorate, 35, 41
First World War, 21
Ford, Gerald, 173-74
Forrestal, James, 39-40
Frank, Pat, 129-31, 2750123
Friedberg, Aaron, 10,193
Frunze district, Moscow, 80-81, 91-93,
2690154
Gailar, Joanne, 181-83, 208
Gaither Report, 104-5,159
Garrison, Dee, 140, 223
Garrison state, 8-10,14, 20, 40, 42-43,
52, 55, 89, 93,141,146; defined, 9*
See also party-garrison state
Germany, 9, 21-22, 27, 32, 40, 65,147,
154,184-85, 257043
Giuffrida, Louis O., 212-13, 217, 222,
224, 287077; racial controversy, 212
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 131,191, 229, 233-35
Gordievskii, Oleg, 227
Gosplan, 36, 37
Gouré, Leon, 125-27; early life, 125-26;
role in Vietnam War, 183; studies of
Soviet civil defense, 126-27,182-83,
199-200, 230, 235-36, 244, 248
Grazhdanskaia Oborona (Soviet civil
defense organization), 89,174-80,
196-99, 210-11, 234-36, 2810137.
See also civil defense, Soviet Union
Grechko, Andrei, 195
Gromyko, Anatolii, 229-30, 233
Ground Observers Corps (GOC), 108
The Guardians (1985 novel), 231
Hampe, Erich, 153-55
Hebert, F. Edward, 164-65, 168,170
Hiroshima, 4, 71, 85,119,129; shelters,
17-18; Soviet observers, 32-33
Hitler, Adolf, 9, 28, 30, 39-40,125,132,
185
Hoegh, Leo, 104-5
Hopley, Russell J., 39-41» 43
Hudson Institute, 144,150,166, 232
integrated Emergency Management
Systems (IEMS), 221
Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF)
Treaty, 233
International Physicians for the
Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW),
227-28, 2910147
Ivanov, Boris, 234
Ivy Mike, 101,117
318 Index
Jackson, Henry “Scoop”, 5,170-72, 252,
28onio8
Janis, Irving L., 65-67, 71
Johnson, Lyndon, B., 149,160,170-72,
183
Jones, T. K., 214, 287085
Kahn, Herman: adequate civil defense
program, 121; argument against
countervalue targeting, 143-45,
147-50; early life, 143; Soviet views
of, 185-86,195; views on strategic
implications of civil defense, 121,126,
152,158,199-200
Kazakhstan, 41, 95,117
Kearny, Cresson, 182, 2910151
Kennedy, John R: early advocate of
civil defense, 42, 64; impact of death
on civil defense program, 171-72;
support of fallout shelters, 6,16, 64,
121,130,139,148,157-58,161-62,
164,170,184,187
KGB, 226-27, 235
Khrushchev, Nikita, 9, 99,136,138,
153-54? 191? 229, 247, 251; cancels
Soviet civil defense program, 127-29
Kiev, 88,125,177,198, 235
Kiselev, Dmitrii, 240-42
Kissinger, Henry, 6,195, 203
Knowledge Society, 87, 228-29
Korean War, 43-44? 64
Korzun, Lev, 185-86
Kramer, Stanley, 131
La Guardia, Fiarello, 30-32
Laird, Melvyn, 173, 200
Landis, James M., 31-32
Lapp, Ralph, 64,104,118, 2801131
Larsen, Paul J., 42, 47-48
Lasswell, Harold, 9-10
The Last Day: A Novel of the Day After
Tomorrow (1959 novel), 130
Laxness, Halldor, 86-87,132
Leaning, Jennifer, 218, 221, 231, 237
Leningrad, 30, 46, 88
Life (magazine), 162
Lown, Bernard, 228
Lucky Dragon, 117-18
MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction), 15,
150,192-94, 202, 231-33. See also
countervalue; nuclear strategy
Malenkov, Georgii, 36, 52, 83, 86, 97,
127,129? 131
Malyshev, Viacheslav, 52, 83, 97
massive retaliation, 136,141-42,144? 148
McNamara, Robert S.: and cancellation
of SIP, 164,170-72; favorable views of
civil defense, 156-58,160-61; strategic
outlook, 15,148-50,193? 2771133
The Medical Implications of Nuclear War
(1986 book), 219
Meese, Edwin, 212, 217
Merril, Judith, 274nns
Meshcheriakov, M. G., 34, 35, 52
Mestnaia Protivovozdushnaia Oborona
(MPVO), 19, 26-30, 45? 47? 80-95? 97?
113-19, 123-25, 135-37? 153-54? 184;
abolition, 129; assumptions about
nuclear attack, 267-680134; founda-
tion, 26; transfer to MVD, 28; in
WWII, 28-30. See also civil defense,
Soviet Union
Michigan Survey Research Center, 64-65
Mikoian, Anastas, 14-15? 127-28,131,
136,175? 194? 251-52
military-industrial complex, 25, 257028
Miller, Walter, 129-30
Ministry of Extreme Situations (MChS),
236, 240-41, 248, 292nni70-7i
Ministry of Medium Machine-Building,
52, 97
missiles, 161-62,179, 242-43; advo-
cated by Gaither Report, 105;
anticipated by FCDA, 100,110; impact
on civil defense, 16, 55, 94; Soviet
interpretations of strategic impor-
tance, 153? 155-57,191? 193; as
survivable retaliatory force, 142-43,
149
Index 319
Molotov, Viacheslav, 28, 42
Morgenstern, Oskar, 167-68, 279097
Moscow (city), 28-30, 80, 88, 91-92,
94,115-16,197, 241
Moscow (oblast), 115-16,198, 26911155
Nagasaki, 17-18, 71, 85; Soviet observ-
ers, 32-33; tunnel shelters, 18
National Academy of Sciences, 105,165
National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People (NAACP), 49,
51, 78, 26ini28
National Security Council (NSC), 101-5,
136,173, 212-13, 287n78
National Security Resources Board
(NSRB), 39-44, 47-48, 50-51, 57-58,
64-65,124
New Orleans, 63,110
“New Thinking”, 233, 235
New York (state), 73,120
New York City, 21, 28, 31, 58, 72,110,
123,162, 216, 288n9o
Nitze, Paul, 201, 204, 212
Noel Gayler, 226
North, Oliver, 212
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 105,125,141,147-48,
184-85,189
NSDD-26, 213-14, 226, 237
NSDD-259, 237
nuclear blackmail, 144-45,151,182,
186,192,199-200, 233, 29ini37
nuclear proliferation, 147-48
nuclear strategy, 6-7,187,190-203,
231-34, 238, 244; relationship to civil
defense, 140-57; Soviet, 153-57; U.S.,
141-52. See also counterforce;
countervalue
nuclear wan anticipated fatalities in,
138,156,160-61,180,182, 208, 237,
289ni03, 29oni22; civil defense
officials’ conception of, 53-56, 66,
84-86, 94, 97,103,137,159, 197, 237;
ecological effects of, 7, 97-98,129,
228-29, 2750131, 288097, 289nio6;
likelihood of, 76-77,148,151, 253;
portrayal in official propaganda,
68-78, 84-86, 91, 228-29; portrayal
in popular culture, 4, 86,129-36,
216-17, 231, 249; possibility of victory
in, 55, 94-95,131,156,180,182,
189-90, 203, 214, 239, 248; relation-
ship to civil defense, 2, 4-8,154,
192-96,199, 211, 244-49; Soviet
attitudes toward, 4,14-15, 86-87, 97,
180, 252-53; Stalin s attitudes toward,
19-20, 34-38, 41-45; survivability of,
55, 97,127,156, 214, 225, 278-79n88.
See also nuclear strategy; nuclear
weapons
nuclear weapons: availability of, 96;
effects, u, 35, 38, 43-45, 52, 55, 62,
77, 84, 91,129,180, 218-19; fission,
94-97; fusion, 96-99,101-2,107;
tests, 36, 38, 41, 62, 94- See also
nuclear war
nuclear winter, 219, 229, 246, 289nio6
NUTS (Nuclear Utilization Target
Selection), 150, 231. See also counter-
force; nuclear strategy
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 182-83
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 181, 202
Obshchestvo druzei Vozdushnogo Flota
(ODVF), 23-24
Obytaemyi ostrov (1971 novel), 135
Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
(OCDM), 99, 104,112,119,127,157,
244,27in27
Office of Civil Defense (OCD), 139,141,
144,148,150,152,157, 159-6o,
162-65,167-73,182,184, 212, 244,
276n6, 28011112
Office of Civilian Defense, 19, 31, 34, 39,
249
On Escalation (1965 book), 186,195, 255
On the Beach (1957 novel), 129-31,133,
135
On Thermonuclear War (i960 book),
121,144-45
320 Index
Operation Alert, 123
Operation Crossroads, 34-35
Operation “RYAN”, 226-27
Oregon Institute of Science and
Medicine (OISM), 230, 29:01150
OSOAVIAKhIM, 24-29, 45-46, 249,
257n42
Our Cities Must Fight (1951 film), 70,
108, 271x137
Pamiatka naseleniiu po zashchite ot
atomnogo oruzhiia, 84-87
party-garrison state: damaged by
Khrushchev’s reforms, 191-92;
defined, 9; differences from garrison
state, 9-11; ill-adapted to nuclear
arms race, 38, 55, 93, 95, 99, H3,
154-56,178, 246-47; possible
post-Soviet revival, 242; relationship
to CPSU, 52, 250-51; role of civil
defense in, 19, 22-28,136-38,140,
178,187,194, 238; undermined by
Gorbachev, 229
PD-41, 203, 207, 209, 213, 219
peaceful coexistence, 131,135-36,153,
176
peacetime draft, 44
Pearson, Drew, 48, 26oni2i
Peck, Gregory, 131
Peterson, Val: as federal civil defense
administrator, 54,100-104,108-10,
112,117-18,136, 270017; governor of
Nebraska, 100; made ambassador to
Denmark, 104; mocks Duck and
Cover, 78,117
Philadelphia, 63
Physicians for Social Responsibility
(PSR), 211, 215, 217-18, 231, 289nioi
Pipes, Richard, 203-4, 248
Pittman, Steuart L., 7,139,141,150,159,
164-72,184, 209, 219, 222, 278n69
Podol’sk, 90-92, 94,114-16
poison gas. See chemical weapons
Politburo, 4, 82,179,191. See also
Presidium
Presidium, 82-83, 86-90, 93,122,
127-29, 136-37, 174-75* See also
Politburo
primary groups, 67, 68; in Duck and
Cover, 74
Project East River. See Report of Project
East River
Project Harbor Study, 165,181
propaganda: civil-defense ill-adapted
for, 243; distinct from agitation,
12-14; Soviet, 19, 22, 25-27, 45? 47,
87-89, 91,115,122-23,126, 135?
176-77,180,183,198-99, 229, 249,
29ini47; U.S., 55-56, 60-61, 64,
66-70, 75-77, 80,108,110-12,
249-50
Proxmire, William, 225
Pry, Peter, 235-36
public education campaigns: 1956-58,
90-91, 2680135; Soviet, 1955-56,
87-88; U.S., 1951-53,174, 236
public opinion surveys, 5; in Soviet
Union, 136, 229, 29111147; in U.S.,
64-66, 77, 220, 223
Puchkov, Vladimir, 240
Putin, Vladimir, 240-42
Rabinowitch, Eugene, 51
racism, 120, 212; and FCDA policy, 78,
266n93
radiation, 2750131; after atomic
bombings of Japan, 33; from fallout,
98,102,117-19,130,159-60; fears of,
77, 219, 229-30; protection against,
35, 55, in, 139,159-60, 180,198
radio, 39, 48, 54, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 86,
110,117,152,180
radioactivity, 103,133, 235, 275ni3i
radiological warfare, 124
RAND Corporation, 65, 67,104-5,
125-26, 143-45, 183
rassredotochnenie (dispersal), 175,
2810131
Reagan, Ronald, 189, 212-13, 215, 218,
223-24, 231-32
Index 321
Report of Project East River, 76-78,108
Rockefeller, Nelson R, 105,120-21,164,
173, 28onu8
Rogozin, Dmitrii, 241
Rongelap, 117-18
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 31, 64, 264040
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 30
Rose, Kenneth D., 120
Rukovodstvo po podgotovke krupnykh
naselennykh punktov i ob”ektov
narodnogo khoziaistva k zashchite ot
vozdeistviiakh atomnogo oruzhiia,
83-87, 91,113
Rumsfeld, Donald, 173, 201, 28onii8
Rybakov, Viacheslav, 230
Rykov, Aleksei, 24, 26
Sagan, Carl, 219, 2890106
San Francisco, 110, 216, 221
Scheer, Robert, 214, 287085
Schell, Jonathan, 217, 233
Schelling, Thomas, 8
Schlesinger, James R., 193, 201
schools, 35, 37, 63, 69-70, 72, 93,
176, 229
Second World War: British civil defense
in, 27-28, 34; German civil defense
in, 154; Japanese civil defense in,
17-18; as nuclear war, 7; Soviet civil
defense in, 28-30,114, 249; U.S. civil
defense in, 30-32, 39, 52, 249
Shelter Incentive Program, 159,165,
170-73, 287084
shelters, 2, 5,14-21, 27-28, 241; gas
shelters, 29; improvised, 29,182,198;
ventilation, 172,180, 28onii2,
28sn45, 29ini42. See also blast
shelters; fallout shelters
Shoigu, Sergei, 236, 240, 2920171
Shute, Nevil, 129-35
Singer, J. David, 151
sirens, 12,17, 56,115; false alarms, 1,
2,112
Special Committee under the Council of
Ministers, 36-37, 82-83
Stalin, Joseph, 9,12,14,19-29, 33-39,
52, 55, 242-43, 256m8, 2600108;
death, 82; refusal to permit civil
defense against nuclear weapons,
41-45, 247; skepticism about military
utility of nuclear weapons, 19-20,
34-38
Stanford Research Institute, 103,159
Steelman, John, 41-42, 64
Stone, Jeremy, 166
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Treaty
(SALT), 182,192, 204, 208, 210,
286n62; Soviet refusal to negotiate
about civil defense, 207
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
(START), 233
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI),
223-24, 231-34, 237, 292ni57
Strategic Rocket Forces, 155
Strugatskii, Arkadii, 135
Strugatskii, Boris, 135, 230
Survival Under Atomic Attack (1950
booklet), 64, 72
Survival Under Atomic Attack (1951
film), 69-70, 72
survivalism, 230
Symington, W. Stuart, 43-44, 47-48,
65,108, 259UL03
“Team B”, 203
television: antinuclear campaigners
appear on Soviet, 227-28; broad-
casts of civil defense propaganda,
66, 73,180, 240, 242; growth of, 70,
191; popular portrayals of civil
defense on, 131, 217, 230; U.S. civil
defense officials appear on, 64,
78, 216
Teller, Edward, 192, 220
Thinking about the Unthinkable (1962
book), 152, 277
Thomas, Albert, 164, 278n86
Tirana, Brandyl, 210, 219
Tolstikov, Oleg, 152, 28:01130
Tomorrow! (1954 novel), 98,135
322 Index
Truman, Harry: announces Soviet
A-bomb test, 41-42; appointment of
Millard Caldwell as civil defense
administrator, 48-49; establishes
FCDA, 50; hesitation to authorize civil
defense program, 40-41, 43, 52,157,
243; re-election, 49, 26mi27; refusal to
accept Caldwell s resignation, 78-79
Tsygichko, Vitalii, 194
Ukraine, 1-2,138,175,179-80,197,
284n20
United Kingdom, 22, 25, 28, 30,147
United States Air Force, 1, 108, 142,153
United States Civil Defense (1950 book),
44, 47, 51
United States Congress, 250; demands
for civil defense, 13,102-5,113,187,
209-11, 27H127, 289mo3; hostile to
civil defense spending, 6,12,16, 43,
55, 59-61, 63, 72, 76, 78, 95,100,139,
141, 159, 162, 164-65,170,172-73,
187, 216, 218, 220, 222, 225, 246; insis-
tence on state and local control of
civil defense, 39, 44; investigates
alleged corruption in FEMA, 213;
passes Civil Defense Act of 1950, 51
United States Strategic Bombing Survey
(USSBS), 17-18, 33
Universal Military Training (UMT), 44
U.S. Civil War, 20
US. Department of Defense (DOD), 40,
138,158-61,172,193, 204-9, 211, 217,
245
U.S. Department of State, 147, 204, 206-7
U.S. House of Representatives, 165,169,
214, 220, 242; Appropriations Commit-
tee, 59-60, 62,136,164, 220-21
U.S. Senate, 51,123,165,169-70, 220,
226
Vance, Cyrus, 204, 285ns!
Vannikov, Boris, 35-38, 45, 52
Villella, Fred J., 213
Voennaia mysV (journal), 196
Voennaia Strategiia (1962 book),
154-57
Voennye znaniia (magazine), 86-87,189
Vorobev, Serafim, 234
Voroshilov, Kliment, 23-24, 27
Wadsworth, James, J., 47-48, 50, 61,
64-65, 69, 78-79, 26oni2i, 266097
War Survival in Soviet Strategy (1976
book), 202, 210
warning time, 91,106,109-10,125,197,
272H43
Warnke, Paul, 192-93, 286n62
Washington (state), 110, 225, 243
Washington, D.C., 49, 63, 78,112,
161-62, 269U3
weak contract state: cause of contradic-
tory policies, 60, 99,105,113, 137,
139,141,171,187,190, 220, 222, 238;
contrast with garrison state, 8-9,136,
238, 246, 251; defined, 10; relation-
ship to civil defense, 38, 44, 55,113,
139, Mi, 170,192, 246, 250
Weinberg, Alvin, 232-33
Welles, Orson, 108
Wells, H. G., 21
Wiesner, Jerome, 146,150
Wigner, Eugene, 165,181-83,192, 202,
208, 226, 29ini37
Winchell, Walter, 39-40, 43
Winter War, 28
The World Set Free (1914 novel), 21
Wylie, Philip, 98, 108,129-31,135, 209
York, Herbert F., 146
Young, Stephen, 164,170
Index 323
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Geist, Edward |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1152015281 |
| author_facet | Geist, Edward |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Geist, Edward |
| author_variant | e g eg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045456169 |
| callnumber-first | U - Military Science |
| callnumber-label | UA926 |
| callnumber-raw | UA926 |
| callnumber-search | UA926 |
| callnumber-sort | UA 3926 |
| callnumber-subject | UA - Armies |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1088788015 (DE-599)BVBBV045456169 |
| dewey-full | 363.350947/09047 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
| dewey-raw | 363.350947/09047 |
| dewey-search | 363.350947/09047 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.350947 49047 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV045456169 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:18:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781469645254 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 018018512 |
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| physical | xii, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | The University of North Carolina Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The new Cold War history |
| spelling | Geist, Edward Verfasser (DE-588)1152015281 aut Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Edward M. Geist Civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina Press [2019] © xii, 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The new Cold War history Includes bibliographical references and index "The dangerous, decades-long arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War begged a fundamental question: how did these superpowers actually plan to survive a nuclear strike? In Armageddon insurance, the first historical account of Soviet civil defense and a pioneering reappraisal of its American counterpart, Edward M. Geist compares how the two superpowers tried, and mostly failed, to reinforce their societies to withstand the ultimate catastrophe"... Geschichte 1945-1991 gnd rswk-swf Civil defense United States History 20th century Civil defense Soviet Union History 20th century Cold War Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Zivilschutz (DE-588)4067915-9 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Zivilschutz (DE-588)4067915-9 s Geschichte 1945-1991 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-4696-4526-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Geist, Edward Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Civil defense United States History 20th century Civil defense Soviet Union History 20th century Cold War Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Zivilschutz (DE-588)4067915-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)4067915-9 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
| title_alt | Civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
| title_auth | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
| title_exact_search | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
| title_full | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Edward M. Geist |
| title_fullStr | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Edward M. Geist |
| title_full_unstemmed | Armageddon insurance civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 Edward M. Geist |
| title_short | Armageddon insurance |
| title_sort | armageddon insurance civil defense in the united states and soviet union 1945 1991 |
| title_sub | civil defense in the United States and Soviet Union, 1945-1991 |
| topic | Civil defense United States History 20th century Civil defense Soviet Union History 20th century Cold War Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Zivilschutz (DE-588)4067915-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Civil defense United States History 20th century Civil defense Soviet Union History 20th century Cold War Ost-West-Konflikt Zivilschutz Sowjetunion USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030841449&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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