Rhyme over reason: phonological motivation in English
"We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2019
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Zusammenfassung: | "We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Réka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category 'morpheme' that is able to incorporate less regular word-formation processes"-- "Rhyme over Reason We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Reka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category "morpheme" that is able to incorporate less regular word- formation processes"-- |
Beschreibung: | xiii, 269 Seiten Illustrationen |
ISBN: | 9781108491877 1108491871 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV045453256 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20190326 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 190211s2019 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
020 | |a 9781108491877 |9 978-1-108-49187-7 | ||
020 | |a 1108491871 |9 1108491871 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1088347810 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045453256 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-384 |a DE-188 |a DE-824 |a DE-19 | ||
084 | |a HF 200 |0 (DE-625)48801: |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Benczes, Réka |d 1974- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139021213 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rhyme over reason |b phonological motivation in English |c Réka Benczes |
264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge University Press |c 2019 | |
300 | |a xiii, 269 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
505 | 8 | |a Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Phonological motivation in language evolution and development; 3. Phonetic symbolism; 4. Onomatopoeia; 5. Rhyme and alliteration in blends and compounds; 6. Words, words, words: rhyme and repetition in multi-word expressions; 7. Conclusions: the piggy in the middle | |
520 | 3 | |a "We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Réka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category 'morpheme' that is able to incorporate less regular word-formation processes"-- | |
520 | 3 | |a "Rhyme over Reason We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Reka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category "morpheme" that is able to incorporate less regular word- formation processes"-- | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Englisch |0 (DE-588)4014777-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Motivierung |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4170590-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Phonologie |0 (DE-588)4045836-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
653 | 0 | |a English language / Onomatopoeic words | |
653 | 0 | |a Onomatopoeia | |
653 | 0 | |a Sound symbolism | |
653 | 0 | |a LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology | |
653 | 0 | |a English language / Onomatopoeic words | |
653 | 0 | |a Onomatopoeia | |
653 | 0 | |a Sound symbolism | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Englisch |0 (DE-588)4014777-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Phonologie |0 (DE-588)4045836-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Motivierung |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4170590-7 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030838590 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804179353192366080 |
---|---|
adam_text | Contents
List of Figures page x
List of Tables xi
Acknowledgements xii
1 Introduction 1
Phonological Motivation 5
Motivation between Form and Meaning 7
Motivation between Form and Form 9
Scope of die Book 11
Main Theoretical Assumptions 19
Symbolic Units in Language 19
Usage-based Models 21
Structure of the Book 24
2 Phonological Motivation in Language Evolution and
Development 26
Correspondences between Sound and Meaning 27
Iconicity 29
Iconicity and the Origins of Language 32
Iconicity and Language Learning 35
Phonological Motivation in Language Acquisition 37
Consonant Harmony 40
Onomatopoeia 42
Rhyme 43
Phonological Motivation in the Later Years: Rhyme and Literacy 45
Phonological Motivation and Second Language Acquisition 47
Phonological Motivation and ‘Unintentional Linguistic Inventions’ 48
Malapropisms 49
Assimilation and Sound Exchange 51
Mondegreens 53
Phonological Motivation and Intentional Linguistic Inventions 55
Conclusions 57
3 Phonetic Symbolism 59
What Is Sound Symbolism? 60
Corporeal Sound Symbolism 61
Imitative Sound Symbolism 61
vii
viii Contents
Synaesthetic Sound Symbolism 62
Conventional Sound Symbolism 62
Correspondences between Individual Sounds and Meaning 63
Are Sound—Meaning Correspondences Universal? 66
Phonesthemes 69
What Phonesthemes Are There in English? 69
Where Do Phonesthemes Come From? 74
Embodied Meaning 75
Learning Strategy 75
Imitation and Remotivation 77
Semantic Coherence 80
The Status of Phonesthemes in Morphology 83
Productivity 87
Phonetic Symbolism in Branding 89
Conclusions 93
4 Onomatopoeia 95
What Is Onomatopoeia? 96
Revisiting the Definition of Onomatopoeia 101
Onomatopoeia in Use 105
Persuasive Speech 105
Poetry 106
Child Language and CDS 108
Colloquial Speech and Slang 110
Conclusions 112
5 Rhyme and Alliteration in Blends and Compounds 114
Lexical Blends Revisited 115
Reduplication in English 121
Fully Reduplicated Compounds 124
Affection and Intimacy 126
Contrast 128
Contempt 129
Intensification 130
Ablaut-Based Compounds 132
Rhyming Compounds 135
Productivity of Rhyming Compounds 137
Sound 138
Disorder 140
Disparagement 141
Deception 142
Children’s Speech and CDS 144
Alliterating Compounds 144
Rhyme with an Already Existing Compound 147
Conclusions 150
6 Words, Words, Words: Rhyme and Repetition in Multi-word
Expressions 152
Binomials 153
Idioms and Proverbs 155
Contents
IX
Slogans and Promotional Messages 161
Presidential Inaugural Addresses 165
Legal Language 167
Conclusions 169
7 Conclusions: The Piggy in the Middle 171
Back to Jakobson 172
Word-Formation and Linguistic Theorizing 175
Language Acquisition 177
Language in Use 179
Appendix 182
References 241
Index 264
We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives
us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle
of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia
or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by
virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish
an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of
examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand
names and slogans, this book offers a comprehensive account of the role
that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by
doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category morpheme’ that is
able to incorporate less regular word-formation processes.
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Benczes, Réka 1974- |
author_GND | (DE-588)139021213 |
author_facet | Benczes, Réka 1974- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Benczes, Réka 1974- |
author_variant | r b rb |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV045453256 |
classification_rvk | HF 200 |
contents | Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Phonological motivation in language evolution and development; 3. Phonetic symbolism; 4. Onomatopoeia; 5. Rhyme and alliteration in blends and compounds; 6. Words, words, words: rhyme and repetition in multi-word expressions; 7. Conclusions: the piggy in the middle |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1088347810 (DE-599)BVBBV045453256 |
discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04069nam a2200505 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045453256</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20190326 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190211s2019 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781108491877</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-108-49187-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1108491871</subfield><subfield code="9">1108491871</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1088347810</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045453256</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HF 200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)48801:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Benczes, Réka</subfield><subfield code="d">1974-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)139021213</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rhyme over reason</subfield><subfield code="b">phonological motivation in English</subfield><subfield code="c">Réka Benczes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xiii, 269 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Phonological motivation in language evolution and development; 3. Phonetic symbolism; 4. Onomatopoeia; 5. Rhyme and alliteration in blends and compounds; 6. Words, words, words: rhyme and repetition in multi-word expressions; 7. Conclusions: the piggy in the middle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Réka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category 'morpheme' that is able to incorporate less regular word-formation processes"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Rhyme over Reason We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Reka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category "morpheme" that is able to incorporate less regular word- formation processes"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Englisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014777-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Motivierung</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170590-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Phonologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045836-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">English language / Onomatopoeic words</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Onomatopoeia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sound symbolism</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">English language / Onomatopoeic words</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Onomatopoeia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sound symbolism</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Englisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014777-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Phonologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045836-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Motivierung</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170590-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030838590</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV045453256 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:18:31Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781108491877 1108491871 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030838590 |
oclc_num | 1088347810 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-384 DE-188 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
owner_facet | DE-384 DE-188 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
physical | xiii, 269 Seiten Illustrationen |
publishDate | 2019 |
publishDateSearch | 2019 |
publishDateSort | 2019 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Benczes, Réka 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)139021213 aut Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English Réka Benczes Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2019 xiii, 269 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Phonological motivation in language evolution and development; 3. Phonetic symbolism; 4. Onomatopoeia; 5. Rhyme and alliteration in blends and compounds; 6. Words, words, words: rhyme and repetition in multi-word expressions; 7. Conclusions: the piggy in the middle "We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Réka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category 'morpheme' that is able to incorporate less regular word-formation processes"-- "Rhyme over Reason We are fascinated by what words sound like. This fascination also drives us to search for meaning in sound - thereby contradicting the principle of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. Phonesthemes, onomatopoeia or rhyming compounds all share the property of carrying meaning by virtue of what they sound like, simply because language users establish an association between form and meaning. By drawing on a wide array of examples, ranging from conventionalized words and expressions to brand names and slogans, Reka Benczes offers a comprehensive account of the role that sound symbolism and rhyme/alliteration plays in English, and by doing so, advocates a more relaxed view of the category "morpheme" that is able to incorporate less regular word- formation processes"-- Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Motivierung Linguistik (DE-588)4170590-7 gnd rswk-swf Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd rswk-swf English language / Onomatopoeic words Onomatopoeia Sound symbolism LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 s Motivierung Linguistik (DE-588)4170590-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
spellingShingle | Benczes, Réka 1974- Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Phonological motivation in language evolution and development; 3. Phonetic symbolism; 4. Onomatopoeia; 5. Rhyme and alliteration in blends and compounds; 6. Words, words, words: rhyme and repetition in multi-word expressions; 7. Conclusions: the piggy in the middle Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Motivierung Linguistik (DE-588)4170590-7 gnd Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4170590-7 (DE-588)4045836-2 |
title | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English |
title_auth | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English |
title_exact_search | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English |
title_full | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English Réka Benczes |
title_fullStr | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English Réka Benczes |
title_full_unstemmed | Rhyme over reason phonological motivation in English Réka Benczes |
title_short | Rhyme over reason |
title_sort | rhyme over reason phonological motivation in english |
title_sub | phonological motivation in English |
topic | Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Motivierung Linguistik (DE-588)4170590-7 gnd Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Englisch Motivierung Linguistik Phonologie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030838590&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT benczesreka rhymeoverreasonphonologicalmotivationinenglish |