Zapomniany bohater: opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Łódź
Muzeum Tradycji Niepodległościowych
2017
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 188 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788394661823 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI Zamiast wstępu - տէր. Królestwo Polskie w przeddzień powstania - տէր. Piotr Wysocki - dzieciństwo i młodość - տէր. Noc Listopadowa - wybuch powstania - տէր. Bitwy powstania listopadowego. Armia regularna. Oddziały powstańcze. Kobiety w powstaniu - տէր. Szanse powstania listopadowego. Cena upadku - տէր. Więzień stanu - տէր. U schyłku życia - տէր. Powstanie listopadowe i postać Piotra Wysockiego w literaturze i sztuce - տէր. Zakończenie - տէր. Resume - տէր. Polecane pozycje bibliograficzne - տէր. Spis treści - տէր. 2 4 35 41 76 121 145 152 159 180 183 185 186 187
SUMMARY Modest homes often produce great men” ֊ says an ancient Roman maxim. Outstanding Polish figures - and Piotr Wysocki was not an exception ֊ often come out not on the basis of an excellent ancestry or background or even exceptional com petences. They were simply “historical personalities”, although they often appeared in a wrong place and wrong time. They were people who were not able to agree to current status quo and ready to certify their own ideas by deeds. Usually they were young men, impetus and keen on reacting violently against current political reality, not similar to previous glory of the Polish Res Publica. Memories of those glorious days of the past survived in common mentality of the Polish people - and brutal irregularities of the three foreign powers after the partitions of Poland had to bring about some outburst. Nowadays the November Uprising is hardly present in popular conscience. One can find very different opinions ֊ from an idea that the uprising was in fact an alleged anti-Polish conspiracy, provoked by Masomy, to equally exaggerated jud gement that it was the first national and popular movement of the majority of Poles. Some even said that the November Uprising was an outcome of “revolutionary activity of peasant masses” ֊ but this statement is quite deprived of historical basis. Now the year of 1831, that brought so many hopes and disappointments as well ֊ is rather a “dark age” of Polish historiography, although we ought to remember that of all Polish uprisings in 19-th century the November one had bigger chances for victory. Against the
powerful enemy acted not so numerous but excellent Polish army of one hundred thousand men: stalwart, very well prepared and armoured. That army presented a really dangerous force and under command of skilled and brave generals could have been a devastating power. Polish Army of the November Uprising was not in any way inferior to the Russian one. An outstanding Russian military expert - lieutenant of Russian General Staff in 1831 - said: “ Polish army was able to easily concentrate major forces and attack subsequently our units. Vast territories and bad roads caused important troubles for our forces to release. So, we needed many weeks to prepare our movements and Poles were ready much earlier”. But unfortunately Poles took no advantage of that strategical chance. They won most of battles but without a decisive victory. Why? To comprehend the reasons of that result, we must remember one fact: nearly all the members of the national government, generals and officers of higher ranks - shorty speaking, people so regarded by Piotr Wysocki and other organizers of the November Uprising ֊ were deeply shocked or frightened by the outburst the Polish-Russian war. Of course, after some weeks the uprising was approved by most patriots of different social classes: artisans, merchants, workers, gentry, scholars and soldiers. But aristocracy and the body of generals - considered as the moral leaders of the nation - were anxious to bring back an ancient regime. Moreover, many of them were indeed ready to lead the uprising, but according to their own interests, contrary to expectations of
the majority of nation. One could say, that if the national government established in Warsaw had been a more revolutionary one, if it had been able to mobilize all the forces to war against Russia from the beginning and overcome social and ideological 184
prejudices, the effect of the November Uprising could have been quite different. So, we need not ask: why did Poles lose at all, but why did they lose on their own requ est? The answer, that there was not a proper commander is inadequate. Of course Skrzynecki, Krukowiecki or Rybiński were not leaders who we could be compared to Kościuszko, but this is an insufficient explanation. We ought to reach deeper to examine the founders of that uprising, actors of the November Night, leaders of many different political fractions of the Polish Kingdom under the Russian rule from Prince Adam Czartoryski to “calisians” or other minor fractions. Effects of any political uprising depend on power and firmness of its leaders. Unfortunately in the war of 1830/1831 those valuable features were missing. Leaders of conspiracy had rather poor faith in their own strength. They appeared weaker than even the leaders of National Masonry and Patriotic Society as well. They started the uprising but they were not in position to conclude it and they gave up shortly after the first ni ght. The Uprising could survive the crisis of the November Night and the next ten months only thanks to public backing and military effort of the people. We ought to remember that at the helm of the uprising government ( Administrative Council) acted such men as Adam Czartoryski and Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki adversaries of the uprising and war against tsar. But we can distinguish two fractions among them. The first one, more consistent, was eager to give up as soon as possible and submit to the mercy of tsar.
General Józef Chłopicki, a dictator of the Uprising belonged to this fraction. But a party of Adam Czartoryski had another idea: that it would be unwisely to act openly against the public sentiments , so they preferred to limit revolutionary activity, but request some concessions from tsar Nicholas I: first of all respecting the Constitution and promises given by tsar Alexander I. But all of this was only a dream. Nicholas I was not in position to make any concessions. The November Uprising fell and its soldiers disappeared in the shadows of history. This was the fate of Piotr Jacek Wysocki, the main character of this essay. Ancient Romans used to say: “Historia magistra vitae” ֊ but nowadays we hardly remember it. Piotr Wysocki was one of the most tragic heroes in the history of Poland. One could say that Wysocki was in fact a gravedigger of last liberties of ancient Poland. But we can also say, that he sacrificed himself for the Polish case. Anyway he was a typical representative of Polish gentry, ambitious and proud, but unpractical to gain compatibility of the European public opinion. Brought up in romantic atmo sphere, Wysocki glorified the past. But some historical forces placed him in the focus of complicated events, maybe to tangled for him. In 29 November 1830 he set fire to the uprising that ended as a catastrophe. But we cannot blame him for it. His life covered by the book, was difficult, with many successes and sour falls as well. The aim of this work is to give evidence of Wysocki’s curriculum vitae. We ought to emphasize that the moments of hesitation in his
life belonged to the period of his youth. After the outburst of the Uprising and then, after the collapse of it, he behaved as a real hero. Wysocki was at first sentenced by Russian court to death by quartering. That sentence was later changed for hanging and ultimately he was sentenced to 23 years of hard internal exile in penal colony (katorga) - as an “act of mercy”. But he did not break down, he survived as a hero. Unfortunately, today Wysocki fell into oblivion. This is a serious mistake. 185
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788394661823 |
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| spelling | Kacperski, Andrzej Verfasser (DE-588)1209088703 aut Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym Andrzej Kacperski Łódź Muzeum Tradycji Niepodległościowych 2017 188 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Wysocki, Piotr 1797-1875 (DE-588)1033653136 gnd rswk-swf Novemberaufstand 1830-1831 (DE-588)4162722-2 gnd rswk-swf Wysocki, Piotr / (1797-1875) Polska / 1830-1831 (Powstanie Listopadowe) / wydawnictwa popularne Powstanie listopadowe (1830-1831) Żołnierze Polska 1701-1800 1801-1900 Biografia Wysocki, Piotr 1797-1875 (DE-588)1033653136 p Novemberaufstand 1830-1831 (DE-588)4162722-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030832862&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030832862&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kacperski, Andrzej Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym Wysocki, Piotr 1797-1875 (DE-588)1033653136 gnd Novemberaufstand 1830-1831 (DE-588)4162722-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1033653136 (DE-588)4162722-2 |
| title | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym |
| title_auth | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym |
| title_exact_search | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym |
| title_full | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym Andrzej Kacperski |
| title_fullStr | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym Andrzej Kacperski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zapomniany bohater opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym Andrzej Kacperski |
| title_short | Zapomniany bohater |
| title_sort | zapomniany bohater opowiesc o piotrze wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym |
| title_sub | opowieść o Piotrze Wysockim i powstaniu listopadowym |
| topic | Wysocki, Piotr 1797-1875 (DE-588)1033653136 gnd Novemberaufstand 1830-1831 (DE-588)4162722-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wysocki, Piotr 1797-1875 Novemberaufstand 1830-1831 |
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