Unwelcome memory: Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Jerusalem, Israel
Yad Vashem, The World Holocaust Remembrance Center
[2018]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Yad Vashem publications
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | 386 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9789653085732 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents
Preface 13
Introduction 19
Chapter One: Theoretical Premises 45
Soviet Jewish Identity 51
Jewish Historical Memory 71
Chapter Two: Soviet Memory Policy 87
Chapter Three: The Authorities, the Holocaust,
and the Monuments 105
The War and First Postwar Years 115
The First Monuments 122
Stalinist Antisemitism, 1948-53 136
Khrushchev’s Thaw and Brezhnevs Uncertain 1960s 141
Jewish Monuments under the Contradictory Conditions of
the Thaw 148
The “Stagnation” Period 172
Overcoming the Policy of Prohibition 177
Periodization of Memorialization Activity: The Case of
Belorussia 203
Regional Differences 207
Chapter Four: Jewish Memorial Activity 215
A New Kind of Jewish Cemetery 218
Ways in Which Jews Self-Organized 228
Local Memory 246
The Diversity of the Monuments 266
Chapter Five: Monuments as a Means of Ethnic Identity 275
Ethnic Symbolism 276
“Parallel” Memory of the War 307
Ethnic and Soviet Memory 314
Chapter Six: The Final Episode 323
Conclusion 337
Bibliography 343
Index 373
Bibliography
Archives
Yad Vashem Archives
M.35 - Collection of copies from other archives.
M.40.MAP - Collection of copies from Tsentralhyi arkhiv Ministerstva
oborony Rossiiskoi Federatsii (TsAMO) (Central Archives of
Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), Podolsk.
0.33 - Collection of testimonies.
0.41 - Collection of lists and documentation of the perished and
persecuted.
O. 93 - Shoah Visual History Archive Interviews (USC Shoah
Foundation).
P. 21.1; P.21.2; P.21.3 - Ilya Ehrenburg Collection.
JM - The microfilm collection, containing documents from other
archives. Dozens of microfilms were examined, including
documents from the following archives:
Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF) (State
Archive of the Russian Federation), Moscow.
Natsionalnyi arkhiv Respubliki Belarus (NARB) (National
Archives of the Belarus Republic), Minsk.
Yad Vashem Pages of Testimony Names Memorial Collection
Yad Vashem Photo Archives
Photographs from various albums.
Yad Vashem Visual Center, Film Database
2728 - Cemeteries and Monuments in Lithuania, 1991.
343
344
Unwelcome Memory
3140 - Evreiskoe kladbishche, film-directors Rafail Nakhmanovich
and Iurii Mar’ianov, Tsentmauchfilm, 1989.
Other Archives
Galuzevyi derzhavnyi arkhiv Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy (GDA SBU)
(Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine).
Lietuvos Ypatingasis Archyvas (LYA) (Lithuanian Special Archives,
Vilnius), http://www.archyvai.lt/lt/lya_parodos/vilniaus-getas.html.
Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (CJA),
Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art, http://cja.huji.ac.il/browser.php.
Museum “Jews in Latvia” Archives, Riga.
The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP),
Jerusalem.
Private Collections
Sofi Efros and Ella Drozhets, Rishon Letzion - Photographs and
unpublished documents.
Alexander Frenkel, St. Petersburg - Photographs, unpublished
documents, and newspaper clippings.
Inna Gerasimova, Wiesbaden - Photographs.
Kazhdan Family, St. Petersburg - Photographs and letters.
Alexander Litin, Mogilev - Photographs.
Benjamin Lukin, Jerusalem - Photographs and unpublished documents:
Ilya Dvorkin, Veniamin Lukin, Boris Khaimovich, “Evreiskie
pamiatniki na territorii Sovetskogo Soiuza (po materialam
ekspeditsii Tsentra issledovaniia i prezentatsii Vostochno-
evropeiskoi diaspory - Leningrad,” 1990; V[eniamin] Lukin,
“Pamiatnik zhertvam genotsida,” 1990.
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Mikhail (Shmuel) and Dasia Ryvkin, Petah Tikva — Photographs and
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Alexander Frenkel, My pomnim vse—Mir gedenken alts. Katalog
vystavki (Leningrad, 1988). (Samizdat photo-album).
Ida Shenderovich, Mogilev - Photographs.
Arkadii Shulman, Vitebsk - Photographs.
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EynikayU Moscow, 1944-1945.
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Index
Aizenshtadt, Mira 230
Alexander II 269
Aliger, Margarita 66
Alma-Ata 118
Altshuler, Mordechai 124n38, 140,
235
Am Israel Hai concept 118-119,
289
Amar, Tarik Cyril 77
Amburg, Sonia 215
Amburg, Zina 215
Ancupâni hills 174nl50
Anderson, Benedict 76
Antiouchus 119
Anyksciai 211 n221
Askoldov, Alexander 146
Assmann, Aleida 47, 71, 96
Assmann, Jan 47, 72, 78, 248
Auschwitz 228, 251
Authorities’ attitude toward Jewish
memorialization 170-171
opposition to Jewish
memorialization 108-109,
111-112, 186-189,191
financial control 114
indifference and disregard
155-156, 186, 191
imposition of Soviet symbols and
content 128, 159-160
removal of Jewish content 128-
129, 132, 166-167, 177-183,
184, 184nl63, 184nl64,
185-186, 192
support and maintenance of
monuments 190, 192-193
Baal Shem Tov 227
Babi Yar 36, 246-247, 335
as symbol 19, 21, 25, 37, 96, 140
attitude of intelligentsia 84, 109,
118, 135, 149, 175-176,216,
232-233
grassroots ceremonies 158, 176,
208, 230, 251
Jewish initiatives for
memorialization 228-229,
232
obscuring the murder of Jews
119
attitude of authorities 108-109,
112
unofficial flier 318-319
vs. Malyi Trostenets 174
youth activities 224, 251
Babtai 186nl69, 209n217, 211n221,
280-281, 292n33
Bajorai 209n217, 211n221
Baku 129
Balvi 21 ln221
Bar 254-255
Baranovichi 284, 284n21, 292n33,
297n45
Bar-Kokhba 116
Baryshnikova, Olga 243
Beizer, Mikhael 251
Belaia Tserkov 193, 226, 291
373
374
Unwelcome Memory
Belilovka 305n56
Belinskii, Yuri 195
Belogorsk 102, 190, 243, 248
Belorussia 93, 97-102, 108, 147,
174, 187,312-313
Belynichi 219, 221, 22In 15, 233
Belzec 96
Bengis, Iudel 139
Berdichev 154, 195nl90
Bereza Kartuska 132, 294n42
Berger, Grigorii 102
Bergholz, Olga 317-320
Berlin 179, 228
Berlin, Petr 238
Berman 171
Bernshtein, A. 149, 151,231-232
Beshenkovichi 13, 238, 298, 298n46,
301
Bessarabia 31, 207, 213-214, 315
see also Moldavia
Bezymensky, Alexander 232
Biala Podlaska 311n72, 312
Bialystok 282, 311, 312n74
Bikernieki woods 174nl50
Birobidzhan 137
Birzai 210n220
Blobel, Paul 267
Bobruisk 40, 114
memorial activity at Eloviki
242-243, 302-303
at Kamenka 192, 242-243,
257-258, 267-268
in Jewish cemetery 242-243, 279,
302, 317
Bogdanovka 26
Bogushevsk 155
Bolgrad 214, 315
Borislav 255
Boyarin, Jonathan 81n73, 218
Bragin 186, 283-284, 287, 305n56
Brailov91, 186nl69, 292n33,
305n56
Braslav 293, 305
Brest 99
Brest region 97
Brezhnev, Leonid 166
Briansk region 60, 326
Briedis, Janis 197
Bruk, Berta 169,243
Bruskina, Masha 174
Butman, Hillel 176nl 56
Bykhov 305
Center for the Study and
Presentation of the East
European Diaspora 332
Cesis 210n220
Chausy 244, 263-264
Chelmno 96
Cherikov 134, 136, 256, 304
Chernobyl 292n33
Chernovtsy 79 n66, 118, 175nl53,
199, 241
Chernovtsy region 214
Cherven
monument scheduled in 1946
126, 127, 127n42, 238
monument erected in the 1960s
26, 114, 160, 162-163, 241,
242, 242n59, 302
Children and youth, memorialization
13, 36, 73-75, 79, 145,240,
257-258, 314, 324, 329
Chmielnicki, Bohdan 73, 84-85,
116, 117n26
Commemorative dates
Jewish dates 140, 190, 229,
258-266, 289, 292, 292n33,
292n34, 292n35, 293, 306,
315
mixed Jewish and Soviet dates
265
Councils on Religious Affairs
234-235
Crimea 212-213
Dagda 202,211n221
Daugavpils 240-241, 334
Dawidowicz, Lucy 325
Index
375
Definitions of Jewish monuments
36-41
DellaPergola, Sergio 60
Derazhnia 255n88
Diatlovo 74, 330nl3
Diner, Dan 62
Disna 140, 140n67, 224nl8
Dissemination of information about
the Holocaust 76, 97, 143
documentary films 146-147,
309-310
feature films 121-122, 146
press (in Latvia) 199
literature 25, 89-90, 120, 121,
121n37, 122, 137, 142-145,
149-150, 175, 175nl53, 176,
198
performances 85, 118, 130, 218,
328
research 144n78
school textbooks 199n20G
Diversity of monuments 266-271
as homemade projects 272-273
by professional sculptors 167,
193, 203-204, 273, 334-335
Dnepropetrovsk 27In 109
Dobroe 26
Doctors Plot 137, 141
Donskoi, Mark 121
Dragunsky, David
dual Soviet-Jewish perception of
war 120
letter to Mikhoels regarding
memorialization 229
reburial of relatives 220, 230-231
Drissa 186nl69, 284, 292n33,
298n46, 305
Drobitskii Yar 112-113, 304
Dukora 305n56
Dunaevtsy 130-131, 132n51,
132n53, 185, 266, 291, 292n33,
293
Dvorkin, Ilya 332
Dymshits, Valery 332
Dzerzhinsk 42, 126-127, 269, 283
Eastern Belorussia 210, 213
Eastern Ukraine 210, 213, 306
Ehrenburg, Ilya 144-145, 323
as symbol of Soviet Jewry 54
attempt to renew the “Black
Book” project 144
introduction to Anne Franks
diary 142
letters to authorities 171-172
Eichmann trial 152
Einstein, Albert 54
Emigration from the USSR 30,
41-42
Emilchino 186nl69, 300-301
Escapist forgetfulness 13, 75-76
Estonia 212n222, 213
Ethnic and religious components of
Jewish life
mixed marriages 30, 63-64
observing traditional norms
51- 53,64
regional differences 59-60, 64
transformed ethnic identity
52- 53,56,61-64
Ethnic equality and Jewish
sensitivity to it 62-70, 151, 170
Expectation of intelligentsias role in
memorialization 168, 231-232
Extraordinary State Commission
(ChGK) 28, 119,219
Farber, Gennady 325, 334
Fastov 81
Federal Republic of Germany 143,
146, 335
Fefer, Itsik 129, 228
Financial component of
memorialization activity 26, 208,
241, 242, 242n59
Finder, Gabriel 313
Frampol 249, 260-262
Frenkel, Alexander 325-330, 334
photos by 36, 75, 177-178, 248,
264, 281, 285-286, 289-290,
298
376
Unwelcome Memory
see also Leningradskaia gruppa
issledovaniia Katastrofy
Frenkel, Mark 91
Fucik, Julius 318
Fundator, Vladimir 238
Genin family 13, 16, 301, 320
Gens, Yakov 81
Gerasimova, Inna 127, 244
German Democratic Republic
(GDR) 144, 144n78, 146
Ginzburg, Lev 147
Gitelman, Zvi 56, 107, 144, 150
Gitovich, Alexander 77
Glubokoe 298n46
Golbert, Rebecca L. 19
Golovchin 243
Goltfard 291
Goltsman, Avram 82n77
Gomel region 114
Gorbatyi, Hershl 226
Gorodnitsky, Alexander 223
Gorodok (Khmelnitskii region) 261
Gorodok (Vitebsk region) 242,
326n5
Grinshtein-Sharfman 148
Grossman, Vasily 121, 195nl90, 216
Grushko, Pinkhus 294
Grutman, Semion 195nl90, 216,
266
Gudkov, Lev 89
Gulag 91, 94, 139, 233, 242
Gurevich, Semion 162
Gusino 334
Halb wachs, Maurice 73
Halkin, Shmuel 157
Haman 117, 117n27y 118-119,
285-286
Hanover, Natan 116n25, 117n26,
218n6, 292n35
Hebrew inscriptions on monuments
20, 22, 125, 128, 131, 164,
184-185, 186nl69, 194-195,
197, 201-202, 251, 257, 260-261,
266-270, 279, 279n7, 281,
283-284, 284n21, 285-291,
292, 292n33, 292n34, 293, 294,
294n41, 294n42, 295-298,
302-303, 311, 311n72, 312, 315,
317
Heine, Heinrich 54
Hellbeck, Jochen 47
Herschmann, Adolph 91
Hevrah Kadisha 34
Hicks, Jeremy 309
Hirsch, Marianne 74
Historical-Ethnographic
Commission in Moscow 324
Hitler, Adolf
enemy of Jews 57, 105, 117,
117n27, 179, 284, 284n21,
285-287
Yiddish folklore on Hitler
118-119
equating Hitler and Haman 117,
117n27, 118-119, 285-286
Ialtushkov 186nl70, 226, 226n21
lama, in Minsk 127, 139, 146, 311
authorities’ attempt to alter
inscription 186
establishment of monument 123,
132
inscription on monument
305-306,316
Iampol 102, 248
Ianovichi 193
Iarmolintsy 248-249, 261-262, 300
Iarovaia, Rakhil 243
Iaryshev 268-269, 292n34, 293, 298,
300, 305, 305n60, 306
Ilukste 40
Private graves near Holocaust
monuments 224, 224nl8, 225
Ingulets 153, 208, 264, 269
International context of
memorialization
Holocaust in Soviet propaganda
138, 143, 144n78, 144n79
Index
377
Western perception of Soviet
Jews 22-24
Invitations to memorialization
ceremonies 319-321
Irkutsk 242
Israel (State of) 176, 325n3
attitude toward Soviet Jewish
memorialization activity 22,
24, 61n26
Israeli influence on
memorialization 57, 296, 320,
331, 334, 336
Israeli memorial practice 81, 85,
249-250
Israel (People of) 81, 118-119, 285,
289
Isupov, Vladimir 87nl, 88
Itkes, Efim 219
Iuzefovich, Iosif 228
Ivano-Frankivsk, see Stanislav
Ivanova, Elena 40
Izbica 312n74
Izmozik, Vladlen 145, 151
Jaunjelgava 211n221, 302-303
Jekabpils 211n221, 279, 279n9, 280,
288, 306
Jerusalem 84
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee 116
Jewish anxiety about the state of
mass graves 149
Jewish attitude toward the
Holocaust and the war
compensation for trauma 83-84,
120, 120n33, 150, 216-217
recognition of Jewish heroism 77
feelings of guilt 215-216, 218
intergenerational transmission
73-75,130-134
reaction to the Holocaust 216,
266
reaction to wartime antisemitism
66-69, 117
Jewish cemeteries 20, 37, 101,
124-125, 132-133, 134n55, 169,
184, 186nl70, 210, 212, 226,
238, 253, 256, 268, 276, 282-286,
298-299, 305-306, 317
cenotaphs 80, 80n67, 249, 251,
311
personal Holocaust monuments
80, 80n67, 224, 231,316
ceremonies and visits 38-39,
220, 227, 231, 275-276, 327,
334
Zionist memorialization 224,
251-252, 327
traditional visiting days 60
Jewish centralized memorialization
idea 228-229, 231-232
Jewish content of monuments
allusions to Bible and prayers
210, 259-260, 275, 288-291,
307
appealing to the subsequent
generations 130-134
initiators’ names on monuments
185nl65, 225, 226, 226n21,
294n41
Jewish military servicemen in
memorialization 239-240
Jewish Museum in Vilnius 136
Jewish Telegraph Agency 116
Jews vs. authorities regarding the
Holocaust
adjustment strategy 158-163
complaints regarding
indifference and lack of
support 35, 145, 170-172, 190
demands to repair vandalized
monuments 191-192
Jewish vs. official ceremonies
92-93, 157-158, 264-265
Jewish vs. non-Jewish mourning
culture 193-197, 222-224
Jonava 209n217, 211n221, 296, 299
Kab 291n27
Kadino 134
Kagan, Abram 230
378 • Unwelcome Memory
Kagan, Malka 243
Kagan, Mariia (Mikhlia) 166
Kaganovich, Lazar 170
Kaisiadorys 211 n221
Kalininskoe (Kalinindorf) 171,
203-205, 273, 300, 305-306
Kalius 199-200
Kalmanovich, Zelig 81
Kaluga 91
Kamen
memorial activists 180-181,273
monument in 38, 180-181, 192,
223
Kamenets - Podolskii
appeal to authorities 252
monument in Jewish cemetery
132-133
monument at mass grave 132,
134, 258-259, 283, 292n34
Kanäle, Veronika 199n200
Kanovich, Grigorii 146, 175
Karpachi 37
Kärsava 80n67, 184nl64, 202,
211n221, 298n45, 305
Kassel 335
Kaunas (Kovno) 124-125, 211n221,
282, 291, 307, 329
see also Ninth Fort
Kazakhstan 35
Kedainiai 211n221, 255n86
Kelderlejä 174nl50
Kerbel, Lev 39, 167-168, 193, 195
KGB (Committee for State Security)
29, 90-91, 113-114, 137, 139,
246, 291,318
Khaimovich, Boris 332
Kharkov 63, 112-113, 241, 304
Khashchevatoe 140
Khatkovo 186nl70
Khatyn 100,313
Khavkin, Artur 323
Khazanov, Chaim-Ore 116
Khislavichi 318n81
Khmelnik 188-189
Khotimsk 189
Khotin 214
Khrushchev, Nikita 105-106,
149-150, 159
Kiev 80, 111, 228, 243, 251, 318
see also Babi Yar
Kiddush Ha:am 281-282
Kiddush Hashem (kdoshim) 128,
132, 184, 277, 278, 278n6, 279n7,
281-283, 284, 284n21, 285, 288,
290-291,302, 307,315
Kiliia 184, 184nl63, 214
Kipnis, Itsik 84, 118, 179, 232-233
Kishinev 119
Kislovodsk 149
Kitaichuk 165, 172
Klein, Mikhail 273
Kletnia 318n81
Klimovichi 116, 182-183, 192, 224,
258, 278, 292n34, 294, 297n45,
305n56, 327
Kodyma 20-22, 184
Kolton, Leonid 325, 334
Konstantinovka 128, 169
Kornitsa 102, 248
Kostiukovichi 185
Kovalev-Krivonosov, A. 240
Kovel 195nl90
farewell inscriptions in
synagogue 216n3, 217
memorialization initiatives
266-267
wooden pillar 189, 267, 270, 272,
298
Kovshevatoe 200
Krakes 211n221
Kräslava 211n221
Krasnoe 264
Kremenchug 111
Krenkel 139
Krivoi Rog 269
Krugloe 186nl70
Krulevetskii, Natan 35
Krupki 193, 240, 319-320, 323
Krushevan, Pavel 119
Krustpils 211 n221
Índex
379
Kugelmass, Jack 81n73, 218
Kupiskis 209
Kursk 239
Kutno 311
Kuznetsov, Anatoli 143,148n91, 247
Labun 191
Ladyzhin 155
Lag BaOmer 60
Lakhva 270
Language identity and
memorialization
Jewish languages and
memorialization culture
57-59, 123-124, 127, 129,
133, 208, 210, 272, 275-276,
291, 305n56, 305n60, 307,
316,319-320, 330-332
Jewish messages in non-Jewish
languages 57-59, 123, 167,
186, 186nl70, 271, 279,
283, 291-292, 294n41, 296,
316-317, 330-332
language order on monuments
304, 305, 305n56, 305n57,
305n60
Latvia 101, 159-161, 197-199, 210,
211, 211n221, 213, 288, 333
Laub, Dori 83
Leibman 314
Lembrikov, Vladimir 225, 325-326
Leningrad
identities of Jews 62
Leningrad Affair 93, 100
memorialization groups 149,
190,219, 238, 263
Zionist activists 176nl56,
251-252, 324
Yom Hashoah 251
grassroots memorialization in
synagogue 263-264
publications 143n75
Leningradskaia gruppa issledovaniia
Katastrofy (Leningrad Holocaust
Research Group)
appeal for preservation of
monuments 326-328
appeal to study the Holocaust
and memorialization 328-329
members family backgrounds
326n5
memorialization project in
Pushkin 193, 195, 334-335
Mir gedenken alts (We remember
all) Exhibition 328, 328n9, 329
restoration of ethnic content
329-330
trips to murder sites 325
Lepel 40
Levada, Yuri 33
Levin, Vladimir 23, 134, 259
Liady 13, 264, 320-321, 323
Liakhovtsy, see Belogorsk
Lidenets 68
Liepàja 80, 80n67, 174nl50
Lifshits 162
Linke, Bronislaw Wojciech 194, 196
Linkuva 220-221
Liozno 79n65, 219
Lists of Jewish victims
on cenotaphs 251
on Holocaust monuments 21,
135-136, 169, 191-193,231,
238, 268
recording 261-262, 302
murdered in pogroms of 1905
and 1919 82, 82n74
Lithuania 114, 139, 143, 144n78,
201-202, 210, 210n220, 211,
211n221, 213, 259-260, 271,
330-331
Litin (town) 279n7
Litin, Alexander 204
Litvak, Olga 61n26
Liubonichi 244, 279, 317
Logoisk 21, 23
Lokshin 117
Lublin 311
Ludza199
Lukin, Benjamin 212, 243, 332
380 • Unwelcome Memory
Lukoml 224nl8, 238, 316-317
Luskin, Boris 193
Lutsk 271nl09
Luzhki 316
Lvov 112, 153
Lvovo 305
Lyntupy 189, 224n 18
Maccabees 116
Majdanek 130, 175nl53
Malin (town) 186nl69
Malin, Mikhail 193,195, 196,
196nl94, 226
Malpils 255-256
Maltinski, Chaim 127, 306
Malyi Trostenets 147, 147n90, 174,
313
Marcuse, Harold 24, 96
Mark, Ber 120, 145n81, 282
Markish, Peretz 85, 218
Markov, Alexei 150-151
Marshak, Samuil 150
Marx, Karl 54, 167
Masarskii, Ruvim 285
Masherov, Petr 174nl51, 187
Mazeikiai 210n220
Mazrukho, Leon 147
Medzhibozh 187, 226, 255
Mendelevich, Iosif 176n 156
Menorah, monuments 184nl63,
185, 294-299, 315, 319-320, 335
Meras, Icchokas 143, 146, 148n91
Merkine 21 ln221
Michaelson, Leah 196
Miechow 312n73
Miezelaitis, Eduardas 144
Mikhalpol 261
Mikhelson, Frida 197
Mikhoels, Solomon 129-130, 137,
228-229
Mineralnye Vody 149
Ministry of Defense 87nl
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 138
Ministry of State Security (MGB)
see KGB
Minsk
arrests of religious activists 139
arrests of Yiddish writers 137
films on Holocaust in Minsk 146
grassroots activity 237, 242n59
Minsk authorities 108, 166-167,
170, 186-187
Minsk ghetto 117, 120, 144n79,
147,313
monument in Minsk 112, 132,
179, 210, 269, 292n34, 293
official memorial to the war
victims 99, 100
social profile of memorialization
activists 237-238
Zionist activists 176nl56,186-187
see also lama
Minsk region 108, 127
Mirotin 170-171,252
Mogilev 186nl69, 223
Mogilev region 97,204-207
Moldavia 213, 242
Molodechno 13
Monuments’ reference to local
collaborators 201-203
Moscow
arrests of Yiddish writers 137
central authorities 146, 148,
159-160, 166
grassroots activists 149, 167,
169, 190, 192,219, 232, 238,
242n59, 314, 323
identities of Jews 62, 79n65, 276
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committees
(JAC) memorialization
initiatives 228
memorialization in synagogue
117,230
publications 24, 143, 148, 148n91
Zionist activists 251, 324
Moscow State Yiddish Theater 85,
130,218
Mourners Kaddish,
memorialization 226, 256, 263,
267, 329
Index * 381
Mstislavl 191nl81
Museum of the Defense of
Leningrad 100
Museum of the Great Patriotic War
in Kiev 100, 100n32
Museum of the Great Patriotic War
in Minsk 100
Mutual influence of
memorialization groups 208, 233
My slenice 311 n7 2
Naming children after a deceased
relative 79, 79n66
Naprasnovka 40
Narovlia 202
Nastashka 193, 291
Nathans, Benjamin 33
Negative description of perpetrators
57, 105, 111,202,267, 284,
284n21,285-288, 307
Nekrasov, Viktor 109, 149, 175-176,
247
Nemirov 224nl8, 255,279n7
Nereta 279n9, 280
Nevel 177-178, 246, 292n34, 330
Niepolomice 312n73
Nikolaev 154
Nikolaev region 154
Ninth Fort 163M28, 208, 247-248,
266, 268
NKVD, see KGB
Non-Jewish grassroots memorial
activity 37-38, 38n36, 40
Nora, Pierre 246
North Caucasus 26, 92
Northern Bukovina 31, 207,
213-214
Novograd Volynskii 202
Novogrudok 255n86
Novo-Poltavka 26, 154
Novozybkov 220, 229-231
Nowy S^cz 311n72, 312n74
Oboltsy 215
Odessa 80, 112,214
Office (Kabinet) of Jewish Culture
136
Olick, Jeffrey K. 46
Orsha 80
Ostropol 82n77
Ovsishcher, Lev 155, 176nl56
Ozarintsy 163-164, 268, 283
Ozerov, Lev 135, 216
Paneve2ys 186nl69, 201, 211n221,
297
Parichi 114, 155-156, 180, 238
Pavoloch 57-59, 186nl69, 186M70,
292
Pechora 193-197, 226, 291, 298
Pei nun, funeral symbol 253
in combination with Star of
David 180, 182, 270-272, 280,
287, 290, 297, 327
with Soviet five-pointed star 22,
177-178, 184, 297
without other Jewish symbols
271, 298, 306
with do ruen in Yiddish 205, 300
Pervomaisk 140
Petukhov, Evdokim 37-38
Pevzner, Iche Mordechai 182
Pichkar, Iankel 226, 226n21
Pikov 255, 257, 279, 294n42
Pilviskiai 210n220
Pinchevski, Moyshe 118
Piriatin 165 n 132
Piskarevskoe Cemetery 93, 99, 101,
251,318
Plinere, Iraida 256
Plonsk 312n74
Plunge 211n221
Pochep 186nl69, 292n33, 296, 298,
305n56
Pochinok 224nl8
Podolia 31, 60, 132
Pogar 37, 224-225
Pokrass A. 129
Poland 145, 207,218
re-emigration 32, 209, 213
Holocaust monuments 308-313
382
Unwelcome Memory
Poliakov, Ivan 108, 126, 160
Polianker, Hershl 232
Polonnoe 191, 253
Polotsk 329
Poltava 111
Ponary 228, 247, 268, 290, 292n33,
307, 335
first monument with Jewish
content 114, 124,124n38,
139, 179, 209-210, 234, 273,
306
second monument with Soviet
content 210
post-Soviet monument 335
Ponomarenko, Panteleimon 93
Positive description of Jewish
victims 276, 277, 277n2,
279-284
Preiji 211n221
Prewar memorialization of
pogroms victims 80-81, 82n74
Priluki 200
Proskurov (Khmelnitskii) 80, 82n74
Protection of monuments from
livestock and “gold diggers” 229,
252, 255,255n86
Przemy^l 311n72
Pukhovichi 292n34
Purim 118, 285-286
Pushkin (town) 26, 193, 195, 252,
334-335
Pushkin, Alexander 335
Pushkino 249
Pustoshka 330
Radoshkovichi 294-295, 305
Raikhelson, Grigorii (Girsh)
180-181,238
Rakov 133
Rapoport, Nathan 194-196, 250
Reburial of victims 38, 38n36, 53,
92, 124, 193, 202, 211, 218-223,
231, 234, 242, 244, 256, 279,
279n9, 280, 291, 294, 302-303
Jewish ambivalence 220
joint reburial of Jews and non-
Jews 37, 153
attitude of authorities 40, 112,
153, 155-156, 163-164,
166-168, 189, 221,264, 273
Red Army (Soviet Army)
Jewish gratitude to 48, 313-314
Jewish participation in the war
30, 30n22
Jewish soldiers on wartime
antisemitism 66-67
Jewish soldiers on the Holocaust
120, 195, 195nl90
Jewish soldiers on
memorialization 172, 187,
216,219, 242, 267
memorialization of fallen Jewish
soldiers 79n65, 239-240, 268
Soviet memorialization policy
regarding fallen 92, 106
Soviet universalization of army
casualties 106, 138
Reikhtman, Moyshe 199-200
Reitman, Iosif 273
Religious communities
participation in memorialization
126, 139-140, 233-235,
241-242
Rèzekne 174nl50, 186nl69,
211n221, 296, 299
Riasno 186nl69, 219, 231, 297
Riebini 211
Riga
grassroots activity 157-159,
161-162, 165, 169, 197-198,
250-251
prohibition of memorialization
101, 154
newspaper articles 197
radio program 197
Riga ghetto 101, 199
social profile of memorialization
activists 161, 238-239
youths participation 176, 208,
241,250
Index ♦ 383
Zionist activists 250, 324, 333-334
see also Rumbula
Rodinov, Iona 197
Rogachev 157
Rolnikaite, Masha (Mariia) 95, 129,
143, 143n75, 144, 148n91, 247
Romania 32, 213
re-emigration 32
Romanovsky, Daniel 188nl74, 325,
326, 326n5, 327
see also Leningradskaia gruppa
issledovaniia Katastrofy
Romm, Mikhail 146
Rosh Hashanah 52, 60, 289
Roslavl 40, 134n55, 170, 186,
186nl70
Rostov-on-Don 36
Rovno 270, 271nl09
Rozhyshche (Rozyszcze) 294n42
Rubepi 40
Rudensk 127
Rudnia 38-39, 167-169, 190,
192-195, 208, 243, 278, 304, 323
Rujena 37
Rumbula 101, 174nl50, 196nl93,
197, 208, 237, 239, 247, 255
appeals to authorities 159
authorities attitude 154, 176,
176nl56, 198
content of monument 159, 161,
169,211
vs. Babi Yar 158, 176, 232
Rumsiskes 211 n221
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist
Republic (RSFSR) 167, 208, 210,
213, 330
Rutman, Efim 237
Ruzhin 156
Rybakov, Anatoli 25, 175-176, 275,
289
Rylenkov, Nikolai 168, 194
Ryvkin, Mikhail (Shmuel) 183,
325-329
see also Leningradskaia gruppa
issledovaniia Katastrofy
Ryvkin, Mikhail 219, 231
Rzeszöw 31 ln72, 312n74
Sabile 210n220
Sakiai 201-202
Salaspils 159, 174nl50
Sandomierz 310
Sarin, E. 120
Satanov 261
Scheide, Karmen 46
Sebezh 186nl70
Seduva 41n42, 211n221, 269, 271
Senno 185
Separate plaques and symbols
302-304
Shchedrin 75, 156, 164-165, 172
Shcherbakova, Irina 19
Shcherbitskii, Vladimir 191
Shchors 25nll, 276, 288-290
Shenderovich, Ida 204
Shepetovka 200n204
Shifrin, Rabbi Chaim Zvi 291,
307n61
Shimshur, Petr 146
Shklov 224, 294
Shlifer, Rabbi Shlomo 116-117,
117n26, 278
Shmidtas 139
Shostakovich, Dmitry 150, 247
Shpilberg, Aizik 253
Shpola 302
Shulman, Arkadii 270
Shumer, Kh. 185nl65
Shumiachi 186nl69
Shumilino 186nl69, 189, 269-270,
279, 297n45
Shvernik, Nikolai 219
Sidur, Vadim 193, 195, 334
Siedlce 311n72
Silene 21 ln221,256, 282
Simonov, Konstantin 150, 175nl53
Sirotino 191, 191nl81, 285, 287,
297n45
Skaistkalne 210n220
Skede dunes 174nl50
384 • Unwelcome Memory
Skoblov, Grigorii 191
Skrudaliena 211n221, 256
Skvirskii 232
Slavuta 102
Slezkine, Yuri 61
Slobodka, see Kaunas
Slutskii, Boris 161
Smela 80
Smilovitsky, Leonid 207
Smith, Antony 51
Smolensk 167-168, 187, 192, 253,
264, 321
Smolensk region 60, 167
Smolevichi 127
Smoliany 170, 172, 252
Smoliar, Hirsh 120
Sneider, Joseph 280, 299
Snovsk, see Shchors
Snyder, Timothy 20
Sobibor 96
Social stratification and
memorialization 139-140,
231-234, 237-242
Soviet Policy regarding Jews
accusation of Jews1 passivity
108-109, 151-152, 196
Khrushchev on the Holocaust
105-106, 150
postwar state antisemitism and
accusation of nationalism 93,
137-138, 179
Soviet sensitivity regarding Nazi
propaganda 107
state antisemitism in post-Stalin
period 30, 69-70, 77, 142,
173, 181
universalist views regarding
the Holocaust 71,105-107,
152-153, 160, 277
Soviet vocabulary and symbols on
the monuments
citation of Bergholzs words 317,
318n81
five-pointed star 20-22, 117-178,
182, 184nl63, 186,316
“bourgeois nationalists” 202
sickle and hammer 160-161,
297, 315-316
“Soviet citizens” 20-22, 177-178,
182, 184nl63, 186,316
Sprishen, Mordukh 139, 316
St. Petersburg Jewish University 212
Stalin, Joseph 98
concept of nation 65-66
definition of Jews 69
Russocentrism 119
JAC s devotion to 116
Stalingrad Memorial 99
Stanislav (Stanislawów) 112,
124-125,283, 292n33
Star of David
adjoined to the monument 169,
302-304, 334
at base of monument 295
erased 181, 183, 184nl63,
184nl64, 185-186
in anti-Zionist propaganda 181
in combination with sickle and a
hammer 315-316
in yortsayt memorial cards
261-262
nationalist symbol to the
authorities 179
Nazi emblem of Jews 121
on cenotaphs 251
on monuments and plaques 113,
131-132, 177-178, 180, 182,
227, 270-272, 284n21, 291,
294n41, 294n42
prohibited 166, 170, 180, 189
traditional symbol 163, 296-297
Starikov, Dmitrii 150
Starodub 190, 192
Statistical data about monuments
26, 204-207, 210-214
Stavishche 196nl94
Stawiski 312n73
Stepermanis, Margers 199n200
Stolbtsy 302, 304
Strenci 37
Index
385
Strizhavka 292n33, 297n45
Subate 184, 184nl64
Sudakovo 38n36
Superfin, Zelig 327
Surazh 166, 243
Sutzkever, Avrom 120
Sveksna 211n221, 304
Sverdlov, Iakov 54
Sviatsk 229-231
Tallinn 212n222
Tarashcha 184nl63, 186nl69,
292n33, 296-297,315
Tashkent 79n65, 329
Tatarbunary 214
Taubin, Herman 149
Ten Commandments 41, 227, 270,
315
Teplik 186nl69, 279
Ternopol 112, 124, 128, 271nl09
Ternovka 305n57
Teterin 186nl70
Timkovichi 305n57
Tisha B’Av 60, 116, 258, 327
Tntz”b, funeral symbol 128,
293-294, 306
Tolochin 166, 180, 233, 282,
292n34, 298n46, 304, 305n56
Toropets 284-286, 292n33, 302
Torquemada 119
Traditional forms of lewish memory
79, 79n66, 80, 157, 258, 261
Trakai 253-254
Trakai district 209
Transcarpathia 32, 132
Transnistria 32, 91, 214
Transylvania 132
Treblinka 96, 121, 130
Tree with cut-off branches,
monument 300-301
Troianov 269, 272, 294n41
Trostinets 80
Tsarskoe Selo, see Pushkin
Tseitlin, Shmuel (Bubi) 159-161
Tukums 210n220
Turov 243
Tyaglyy, Mykhaylo 59, 157nll5,
203n208
Ukmerge 209, 209n217, 211n221
Ukraine 102, 112, 174, 212, 252,
318-319
Ukrainian State Yiddish Theater 118
Ulianovka 268
Ulla 223, 253
Unauthorized monuments 199-200
Use of old monuments 253,
269-270, 317
Ushachi 226, 328-329
Utena 211n221, 278n6, 283, 294
Uzda 42, 127, 269
Uzliany 42, 127, 269, 293, 316n79
Uzventis 211 n221
Valmiera 174nl50
Vandziogala 209n217, 21 ln221,
280-281, 292n33
Varaklani 211n221, 224, 294
Vaupshasov, Stanislav 144n79
Veidlinger, Jeffrey 61, 85
Ventspils 265
Verbovskii 139
Verkhnedvinsk, see Drissa
Viesite 279n9, 280
Vilani 211n221, 296
Vilkomir, see Ukmerge
Vilnius (Vilna) 112, 193, 211n221,
277n2, 282, 328
Taharat Hakodesh Synagogue
259-260, 306
Jewish Museum 136
Vilna ghetto 81, 95, 120, 129,
149, 307
see also Ponary
Vinnitsa 112, 189, 241
Vinnitsa region 188-189
Vinogradov, Valentin 146
Vitebsk 166, 172, 181, 238, 294, 304,
320
Volhynia 31
386
Unwelcome Memory
Volochisk 189, 226-227, 288-289,
291,295, 300,315
Volpa 38
Warsaw 120, 145n81, 149, 194, 196,
250,310
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 120,
145n81, 149, 195, 196nl92, 250
West Germany, see Federal Republic
of Germany
Western approach to Jewish
memorialization 22,24, 61,
61n26, 81,85
Western Belorussia 209, 213
Western Ukraine 209, 213
Winter, Jay 50
Women, commemoration activity
40, 241
participation in ceremonies
79n65, 92, 222-223
initiators of erecting monuments
149, 169, 232, 243
participants in reburial 244
Yad Vashem 196, 204
Yerushalmi, Yosef Haym 74, 85
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny
poem “Babi Yar” 25, 149, 247
impact of poem on Jewish
memorialization 246, 318
official reaction to 149-150, 152,
319
publics reaction to 150-152, 246,
318
Yiddish inscriptions, monuments
132, 177-178, 182, 186, 203, 205,
258-260, 270, 288, 293-294, 311,
311n72, 312
absence of clear Jewish content
155-156, 159-161,201-202
negative attitude of authorities to
164-165, 172, 185, 187, 209
Yiddish mourning vocabulary
277, 277n3, 278, 278n6, 280,
282, 292, 298, 298n34
Germanized Yiddish 280
non-Soviet Yiddish transcription
300, 305-306
Yiddish press
Sovetish Heymland 24, 141, 144,
163, 197, 278
Folks-shtime 24, 197
Dos naye lebn 179
Yizkor, concept 132-136
Yizkor Books 81-82
Yom Hashoah 250-251, 327, 331
Yom Kippur, memorialization of the
Holocaust 140, 197, 224, 251, 258
Yortsayt 52-53, 60, 79, 157, 216,
224, 228, 230, 258-266, 289, 292,
292n33, 292n34, 292n35, 321
Yortsayt memorial cards 260-263
Young, James 81-82, 300, 310
2agare 211n221
Zalakeviciaus, Vytautas 146
Zarasai 209n217, 211n221, 330-332
Zaretskaia, Leia 243
Zarkhina, Sofiia 241
Zaslav 218n6
Zdolbunov 223nl6
Zeliger, Meir 192, 242, 303
Zemgale 31
Zerubavel, Yael 249, 308
Zhdanov, Andrei 179
Zhdanova, Lidiia 198
Zhitomir 82, 112, 232, 304
Zhlobin 134, 155-156, 164-165
Zhlobin District 165
Zhmerinka 91
Zhukovskaia, Irina 146
Zinkov 268, 292n34
Zionist activists’ memorialization
41-42, 176nl56, 186-187,
251-252, 324-325, 333-334
Zmievskaia Balka 36
Zydowski Instytut Historyczny 310
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zelʹcer, Arkadij 1961- |
| author2 | Brown, A. S. |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | a s b as asb |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132806177 |
| author_facet | Zelʹcer, Arkadij 1961- Brown, A. S. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zelʹcer, Arkadij 1961- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045422059 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1090117592 (DE-599)BSZ514942711 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV045422059 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:17:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789653085732 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030807929 |
| oclc_num | 1090117592 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M352 DE-83 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M352 DE-83 DE-29 |
| physical | 386 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | DHB_IFZ |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Yad Vashem, The World Holocaust Remembrance Center |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Yad Vashem publications |
| spelling | Zelʹcer, Arkadij 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)132806177 aut Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union Arkadi Zeltser ; translated from the Russian by A. S. Brown Jerusalem, Israel Yad Vashem, The World Holocaust Remembrance Center [2018] © 2018 386 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Yad Vashem publications Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Gedenkstätte (DE-588)4019622-7 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Gedenkstätte (DE-588)4019622-7 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 s Geschichte z DE-604 Brown, A. S. trl Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Zelʹcer, Arkadij 1961- Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Gedenkstätte (DE-588)4019622-7 gnd Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4019622-7 (DE-588)4122228-3 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union |
| title_auth | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union |
| title_exact_search | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union |
| title_full | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union Arkadi Zeltser ; translated from the Russian by A. S. Brown |
| title_fullStr | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union Arkadi Zeltser ; translated from the Russian by A. S. Brown |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unwelcome memory Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union Arkadi Zeltser ; translated from the Russian by A. S. Brown |
| title_short | Unwelcome memory |
| title_sort | unwelcome memory holocaust monuments in the soviet union |
| title_sub | Holocaust monuments in the Soviet Union |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Gedenkstätte (DE-588)4019622-7 gnd Judenvernichtung Motiv (DE-588)4122228-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Kollektives Gedächtnis Gedenkstätte Judenvernichtung Motiv Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030807929&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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