Poland from partitions to EU accession: a modern economic history, 1772-2004
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[2018]
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Beschreibung: | xiv, 390 Seiten Karten, Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9783319971254 9783030404345 |
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adam_text | Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction: From the “Little Divergence” to Successili! EU Integration: Towards Economic History of Modern Poland 1 The View from Afar: The Polish Economy Between the Golden Age and the Partitions (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries) 35 The Age of Enlightenment Reforms and Partitions of Poland: Economy and Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century (1772-1795) 43 Between the Consolidation from Above and the Fragmentation of the State: Partitions, Duchy of Warsaw and Polish Lands After the Congress ofVienna (1795-1830) 77 On the Peripheries of the Modern Western World: Delayed Social Reforms and Unfinished Industrial Revolution (1830-1870) 115 ix
x Contents 6 7 The Dawn of Modem Economic Growths Period of Late Industrialization (1870-1914) 151 The Window of Opportunity։ Polish Lands During the Great War (1914-1921) 195 8 A Moment of Independence: Reconstruction and Economic Development of the Second Republic of Poland (1918/21-1939) 207 9 Under the Nazi and Soviet Rule: Polish Lands During World War II (1939-1945) 255 Communist Modernization? Economic Development of Poland Under State Socialism (1945-1989) 265 In Pursuit of the Western World: Poland Between the Transition and the EU Accession (1989-2004) 321 Conclusion: Two Centuries of Catching-up to the West 347 10 11 12 Annex 365 Bibliography 371 Index 373
Bibliography Bukowski, M., Koryś, P., Leszczyńska, C., et al. (2018). Urban population and economic development: Urbanization and approximation of GDP per capita in history—The case of the Polish lands in the 19th century. Mimeo. Fallenbuchl, Z. M. (1985). National income statistics for Poland, 1970—1980. Washington, DC: World Bank. Gawryszewski, A. (2005). Ludność Pokki w XX wieku. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN. Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (1989). Dochód narodowy Polski wedlugwojewództw w 1986 r. Warszawa: Zakład Badań Statystyczno-Ekonomicznych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (1993). Historia Pokki w liczbach: ludność, teryto rium. Główny Urząd Statystyczny Grossmann, H. (1925). Struktura społeczna i gospodarcza Księstwa Warszawskiego napodstawie spisów ludności 1808—1810. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny Inklaar, R., de Jong, H., Bolt, J., van Zanden, J. (2018). Rebasing “Maddisen”: New income comparisons and the shape of long-run economic development. Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen. Jelonek, A. (1967). Ludność miast i osiedli typu miejskiego na ziemiach Polski od 1810 do I960 r. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. © TheAuthor(s) 2018 P. Koryś, Poland From Partitions to EUAccession, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97126-1 371
372 Bibliography Karpineć, ì. (1932). Ilość osad miejskich bylej Galicji i podział ich na miasta і miasteczka. Lwów: asa im. J. Mianowskiego, Instytut Popierania Polskiej Twórczości Naukowej. Kociszewski, J. ( 1999). Proces integracji gospodarczej ziem zachodnich ipółnocnych z Polską. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej. Korys, P., Tymiński, M. (2015). Occupational structure in the Polish territories at the turn of the 20th (1895—1900) century. Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw. Sobieszczański, F. M. (1860). Kalendarz wydawany przez Obserwatoryum Astronomiczne Warszawskie na rok zwyczajny 1861. Warszawa: Obserwatoryum Astronomiczne Warszawskie. Szuman, A. (1999). Przeobrażenia struktury społeczno-zawodowej ludności Polski w XX wieku. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, LXI, 187-202. Tipton, F. В. (1976). Regional variations in the economic development of Germany during the nineteenth century. Wesleyan University Press. Various Statistical Yearbooks of Austria, Prussia, Germany, Russia (until 1918) and Republic of Poland (after 1918). Wyczański, A. (Ed.). (2003). Historia Pokki w liczbach. T. 1: Państwo, społeczeństwo. Warszawa: Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych. Załęski, W. (1876). Statystykaporównawcza Królestwa Pokkiego: ludność i stosunki ekonomiczne. Warszawa: Gebethner i Wolff. Załęski, W. (1901). Królestwo Pohkiepod wzgկdem statystycznym. Cz. 2: Statystyka zajęć i przemysłu. Warszawa: Sklad Główny w Księgarni Jana Fiszera. Zieliński, M. (1974). Próba określenia rozmiarów dysproporcji międzyregionalnych w stopie życiowej ludności i
sposobów ich zmniejszenia. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, 8, 123—134.
Index Annexation of Austria (Anschluss), Abramovitz, Moses, 9 Accumulation, 298 Acemoglu, Daron, 3, 13 Agrarian reform, 24, 95, 107,116, 123, 132, 140, 143, 156, 168, 177 Agricultural output, 306 Agriculture, 138, 140, 240, 241, 292, 305 Agroindustry, 137, 140, 141 Akamatsu, Kanamu, 11,13 Aldcrofit, Derek, 2, 4 Alexander I Romanov, 82, 357 Alexander II Romanov, 130 Amoral familism, 263 Amsden, Alice, 9, 13 Anglo-Polish Agreement of Mutual Assistance (1939), 212 © The Author(s) 2018 P. Korys, Pobnd From Partitions to EUAccession, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97126-1 212 Annexation of Czechoslovakia, 212 Anti-communist resistance in Poland, 268 Anti-Jewish measures, 261 Anti-Jewish violence, 261, 263 Anti-Semitism, 162 Apparatus of control and repression, 293 Arciszewski, Tomasz, 256 Army, 36, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 63, 64, 68, 78, 80-82, 84, 85, 94, 98, 101, 107, 196-200, 209, 222, 230,238,240,255, 257, 259, 261,262, 268, 269,272, 273, 289,293,311,322 Assembly, 120 Augustus II Wettin, 43 373
374 Index Augustus III Wettin, 43, 47 Austria, 47, 79, 195 Austrian partition, 116, 119 backwardness, 106 education, 135 Josephine reform, 93, 97 Austrian School of Economics, 213 Autumn of nations, 348 Autonomy of Galicia, 120 AWS, 325 Backwardness, 7—15, 17, 21, 40, 186.335, 349, 361 in Poland, recognition, 49 social reforms, 49 Badeni, Kazimierz, 120, 151 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 280, 324, 326, 327.335, 336 Balicki, Zygmunt, 160 Banking, 307 Banking crisis of 1793, 69, 96 Bank of Agriculture, 308 May 1926 coup d’état, 210 Bank of Poland, 102, 136, 243 Bank of State Economy, 239 Bar Confederation, 44, 45, 48 Barlicki, Norbert, 215 Battle for trade, 278, 296, 307 Bauman, Zygmunt, 269 Bazar, 132, 137 Bełchatów, 304 Belka, Marek, 326 Berend, Ivan, З Bereza Kartuska, 210 Biała, 141 Białowieża, 329 Białystok, 140, 141, 230,257 Bielecki, Jan Krzysztof, 324 Bierut, Bolesław, 267-269 Bieszczady Mountains, 282 Biskupski, James, 4 Black market, 294, 309 Bobrowski, Czesław, 277 Bobrza, 103 Bobrzyński, Michał, 16, 151,157 Bochnia, 54, 141 Bogatynia, 304 Border conflicts (1918-1921), 273 Boryslav-Drohobycz area, 178 Borysław, 178 Bourgeoisie, 94, 137, 287 Bożyk, Paweł, 280 Brandenburg, 282 Braudel, Fernand, 7, 15 Bródno, 166 Brus, Włodzimierz, 277—279, 324 Brzeg, 92 Budget, 64, 69, 98, 101, 209, 243, 336 Bugaj, Ryszard, 280, 328 Bujak, Franciszek, 5 Bułgaria, 273 Burke, Edmund, 62 Buzek, Jerzy, 325 Bydgoszcz, 56 Byelorussia, 329 Byelorussian minority, 229 Cameralist model, 88 Camp of National Unity, 209 Carpathian Mountains, 222, 282 Cash rent, 140
Index Catching-up, 2, 11, 18, 26, 329, 342, 347-363 Catholic Church, 291 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 273 Cegielski, Hipolit, 137, 173 Cegielski enterprise, 239 Census, 90 of 1790-1791,57 of 1921,222 of 1931,222, 235 Duchy ofWarsaw (1808, 1810), 57, 99 Poland of 1789, 46 Post-WWII censuses (1950, 1988), 6, 358, 361 Prussian census, 79, 99 Rodecki table (1828), 106 Russian census of 1897, 161, 175 Central bank, 308 Central Industrial Area, 238-240 Central Industrial District, 220, 276 Central Lithuania, 222 Central Planning Commission, 296 Central Planning Committee, 277 Central-Eastern Europe (CEE), 20, 36, 342, 360 Centrally planned economy, 299 Chemical industry, 239 Chernobyl disaster, 304 Chinese model, 302 Chłapowski, Dezydery, 132 Chorzów, 238 Christian Democrats, 218 Chrzanów, 141 Churchill, Winston, 256 Ciechanów, 258 Cieszkowski, August, 121 Commission of National Education, 45 375 Cieszyn, 282 Cimoszewicz, Włodzimierz, 324 Cities, 284 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 55 Citizens Committee, 323 Civic Platform (PO), 325 Coal mining, 136, 141, 242, 275 Code of Civil Law (Napoleon), 81 Collectivization, 306 of agriculture, 259, 278 Colonization of the post-German lands, 296 Comecon, 308 Commission of National Education, 45 Committee for Security and the Protection of Public Welfare, 198 Commonwealth, 15, 16, 35-40, 43, 45,46,48, 52, 54-61,63, 68-70, 77, 79, 82-86, 88, 90-93, 96, 97, 106, 108, 120, 126, 143, 157, 176, 180, 196, 209,211,255,348, 350,351, 357,358 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 211 banking system, 68 cities, 37 Dutch loans, 68 economic development, 60
ethnic and religious minorities, 57 First Partition, 54 GDP per capita, 61 Golden Age, 35 Jews, 58 manufacturing sector, 65 model of development, 63
376 Index Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania {cont.) Second Partition, 54 Sejm in Grodno, 47 state incomes, 63 taxation, 63 urban economy, 66 Communes of Polish People, 121, 123 Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 272 Conference in Magdalenka, 271 Conference in Moscow (1944), 256 Conference in Teheran (1943), 256 Conference in Yalta (1945), 256 Constitutions of Poland, 210, 216, 324 Duchy of Warsaw, 87 Free City of Cracow, 84 Kingdom of Poland, 94 of Poland 3rd May, 46 Corruption, 60, 69, 136, 263, 294, 30 7 Corvee, 38, 95, 119 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), 271,275 Cracow Uprising, 120, 134, 162 Creditworthiness, 302 Crimean War, 117, 130 Crony capitalism, 328 Crude oil production, 141 Curzon, George, 199 Curzon line, 282 Customs border, 140 Czartoryski, Adam, 84, 124 Czartoryski family, 121 Czechoslovakia, 222, 282 Czech-Polish conflict, 199 Czech Republic, 198, 199, 329, 360 Dąbrowa baisin, 129, 139, 257 Dąbrowa Górnicza, 105, 138, 166 Dąbrowski, Jan Henryk, 84 Daszyńska-Golińska, Zofia, 214 Daszyński, Ignacy, 156, 214 Davies, Norman, 3, 35, 36, 196, 198, 199, 202 Davout, Marchai decline of, 43 Debates on emancipation, 117 December 1970, 270, 291, 293, 300 Decree abolishing serfdom, 119 Dembowski, Stanislaw, 123 Demographic dividend, 284, 330, 331, 356, 363 Democratic Bloc, 266 Democratic Party, 267 de Sismondi, Jean, 122 De-Stalinization, 298 Development economics, 220 Development gap, 122 Dincecco, Mark, 14 Discontinuity, 109 Dmowski, Roman, 156, 159, 160, 169,211,217 Doboszyński, Adam, 218 Drucki-Lubecki, Xawery, 89, 101, 350 Drzymała, Wojciech,
165 Duchy of Cieszyn, 222 Duchy of Łowicz, 85, 98 Duchy of Siewierz, 78, 85, 98, 105 Duchy of Warsaw, 80, 97, 101
Index army, 98 cities, 91 fiscal revenue, 98 Jews, 92 population, 92 tax system, 97 Dutch loans, 68 Dutch Republic, 15, 47, 49 Działyński, Tytus, 121 Dzielski, Mirosław, 280 Early industrialization, 8, 12, 360 Eastern Galicia, 257 East Galicia, 268 East Germany, 273, 274, 283, 303 East Prussia, 129, 282 Econometric Society, 213 Economic destabilization, 302 Economic development, 1—3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17-20,22, 26, 60,62, 86, 88, 89, 105, 121, 123, 127, 156-158, 160, 171, 172, 180,182,187, 207-246, 255, 263, 265-314, 342, 354, 355, 357,359, 360, 362 Economic growth, 244 Economic policy, 1,10, 12, 18, 25, 160, 327,335, 360 big push, 220 building the industrial bourgeoisie, 105 cameralism, 96, 97, 105 cameralist model, 88 centrally planned economy, 294, 299 mercantilism, 106 377 state-led industrialization, 24, 103 state socialism, 265, 295 Economic recession of 1980s, 275, 309 Economy of Second Republic of Poland customs war with Germany, 355 15-year plan, 219 4-year plan (1936-1940), 219 Grabski macroeconomic stabilization policy, 244 hyperinflation of 1923—1924, 355 ECSC, 271 Education, 227, 290 Elbląg, 56, 92, 220, 291 Emancipation of the working class, 291 Emigration, 224,280 World War II, 262 Employment, 236 Employment structure, 263 Endlösung der Judenfrage, 260 Energy crisis, 301 Enforced collectivization, 291 Enfranchisement, 83, 87, 116—118, 123, 124, 132, 134, 166, 169, 172, 349, 352 Enfranchising of the workers, 327 Enlightenment, 45 Enlightenment in Poland, 49 Entrepreneurs, 311 Epstein, Stephan R., 14, 131 Estate, 306 Ethnic and religious minorities, 226 Ethnic
structure, 286 Europe Agreement, 323 European Union, 19, 323 Evans Brothers’ factory, 139
378 Index Evans, Lilpop and Rau, 139 Export-oriented industrialization, 10, 11, 19 Extermination, 25, 255, 258—261, 263, 310 Extractive institutions, 3, 13, 17 Familia, Czartoryski family, 48, 51 Familia, Czartoryski house, 44 Far-right movements, 326 Feldman, Wilhelm, 6 Fertility, 283 FIAT, 298 Fiedler s factory, 139 15-year plan, 219 First Partition, 45, 53, 54, 63, 64, 79, 350, 357, 358 Fiscal capacity, 14 Fiscal revenues, 98 Folwark, 62 Forced resettlement of the German population, 265, 268, 271 Foreign licences, 297, 301 Foreign loans, 302 Foreign trade, 307 4-year plan (1936—1940), 219 France, 47, 98, 274 Franco-Polish Military Alliance, 212 Free City of Kraków, 82, 84, 97, 116, 128 Freedom Union (UW), 324, 325 French Revolution, 51 Friedman, Milton, 327 Galicia, 5, 83, 92, 106, 119 Galician Slaughter, 120, 134 Garczyński, Stefan, 50 Gawryszewski, Andrzej, 6 Gdańsk, 54-56, 81, 92, 96, 212, 220, 242, 268, 270, 282, 286, 290, 291,293, 303 Gdańsk Voivodeship, 285 Gdynia, 221, 230, 242, 291, 297, 303 General Governorate, 257, 258, 260 German concentration camps, 257 German historical school of economics, 127 Germanization, 133 German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1934), 212 German-Soviet Neutrality and Non-Aggression Pact of 1926, 211-212 Germany, 195, 261 Gerschenkron, Alexander, 8, 9, 13, 18,335 Geyer, Ludwik, 119, 131, 139 Giedroyć, Jerzy, 269 Gierek, Edward, 270, 280, 290, 300-302, 305, 361 Giertych, Roman, 326 Głąbinski, Stanisław, 216 Gołębiowski, Jerzy, 18 Gołuchowski, Agenor, 120, 151 Gomułka, Stanisław, 216, 327 Gomułka, Władysław, 269, 290, 298,300 Gorlice, 178
Governing Commission for Galicia, Silesia, Spis and Orava, 198 Government General of Lublin, 196 Government General of Warsaw, 196 Government-in Exile, 276 Grabski, Stanisław, 122, 156, 214, 267
Index Grabski, Władysław, 19, 122, 156, 162,209,214,216,244 Grand Great Duchy of Posen, 82, 83, 220 Great Britain, 15, 47, 49, 274 Great Depression, 218, 230, 231, 235, 242 Great Emigration, 123, 135 Greater Poland, 5, 56, 97, 108, 129, 133, 136, 137, 208, 229,257 cities of, 91 Great Northern War, 48 Grodek, Andrzej, 5 Grodno, 67, 201 Growth rate, 310 Grudziądz, 220 Grzybek, Dariusz, 6, 156-158 Guzicki, Leszek, 6, 156 Gypsies, 260 Habsburg, Joseph II, 24, 186 Habsburgs, 48 Hayek, Friedrich, 8 Heavy industry, 136 Hel, 221 Hirszowicz, Maria, 280 Hohenzollerns, 48 Holocaust, 17, 257 Home Army, 257, 268 Honecker, Erich, 273 Hotel Lambert, 121, 124 Hryniewicz, Janusz, 16, 177 Human capital, 299 Human Development Index, 335 Hungarian revolution of 1956, 269 Husak, Gustav, 273 Huta Bankowa, 138 379 Huta Katowice, 301, 305 Hyperinflation, 231, 309 Ideas agrarism, 218 anti-Semitism, 217 backwardness, 88 battle for trade, 278 cameralism, 49, 88, 89 communism, 216 concepts of anti-communist opposition, 280 concepts of post-WWII Polish economy, 276 conservatism, 218 de-Stalinization after 1956,279 development economics, 214 economic schools in internar Poland, 214 enlightened absolutism, 49 French Enlightement, 49 Great Depression, 218 Great Emigration, 123, 124 import substitution, 89 January Uprising, 124 Kaleckians’ economics, 213 Keynesism, 213 liberalism, 87 loyalist policy, 126 mass privatization, 280 mathematical economics, 213 modernization, 87 nationalism, 216, 217 organic work, 127 Polish Jacobin ideas, 52 positivism, 127 post-war reconstruction, 276
380 Index Ideas {cont?) reception of French Revolution, 70 Romanticism, 122 Scottish Enlightenment, 49 socialism, 215 social reform, 127 Stalin model, 277 statism, 219 Utopia of the non-market economy, 296 IG Farben, 260 Ihnatowicz, Ireneusz, 6 Illiteracy, 227, 290 IMF, 271, 275, 327 Immigrants, 138 Immoral practices, 263 Import substitution, 9—11, 13, 18 Inclusion to the nation, 263 Inclusive institutions, 3, 13, 14, 17 Industrialization, 137, 139, 234, 303 Industrialization, first wave of, 9 Industrial output, 304 Industrious revolution, 12, 13 Industry, 202 Infant industry, 9 Inflation, 301 Informal co-ordination mechanisms, 307 Institute of Business Cycles and Prices, 214 Institutionalization of Marxist economics, 277 Intelligentsia, 127, 226, 287, 290, 292,299 extermination, 263 Internal migrations, 285—288 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 271,275,327 International trade, 242, 243 Investment mania of the late 1780s, 69 Iron Curtain, 271, 321 Jagiellonian University, 135, 290 Janos, Andrew, 4 Janowski, Maciej, 4, 158 January Uprising, 118, 162 decree abolishing serfdom, 119 Japan,9 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 270, 272, 275, 290, 322, 323 Jaszczuk, Bolesław, 279, 300 Jedlicki, Jerzy, 4,6, 18 Jelonek, Andrzej, 6, 161, 201 Jewish ghettoes, 259 Jews, 57, 228, 241, 258-260, 269, 286, 287, 351 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 57, 58 Jezierski, Andrzej, 5, 38, 174 Jezierski, Franciszek Salezy, 51 Joseph II Habsburg, 49 Josephine reforms, 79, 97 June 1956,269, 293 June 1976, 270 Kaczyński, Jarosław, 324 Kadar, Janos, 273 Kalecki, Michał, 213, 214, 220, 273, 278, 279
Index Kalinka, Walerian, 125, 157 Kaliński, Janusz, 5, 338 Kalisz, 89, 92, 106, 108, 136, 139, 201 Kamienna, 103 Kania, Stanisław, 290 Kaps, Klemens, 5, 178, 186 Karpiński, Andrzej, 159, 280 Karwina, 199 Katowice, 285, 303 Katyn massacre, 259 Kawalec, Agnieszka, 5, 179 Keynes, John Maynard, 213 Khrushchev, Nikita, 269 Kielce, 67, 103, 129, 136, 139, 236 Kiev, 163, 170, 197, 199 Kieżun, Witold, 328 Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, 381 Kozienice, 304 Kraków, 54, 56, 92, 94, 97, 130, 134, 170,230, 234, 305 Kronenberg, Leopold, 119, 131, 184 Krosno, 141 Krysiński, Dominik, 86 Krzaklewski, Marian, 325 Krzyżanowski, Adam, 156, 162, 176, 214 Kuczyński, Waldemar, 280 Kujawski, Aleksandrów, 140 Kula, Witold, 16, 35, 39, 61, 166 Kuroń, Jacek, 269, 279 Kuznets, Simon, 313 Kwaśniewski, Aleksander, 324, 325 Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz, 219, 296, 350, 361 120 assembly, 120 Kingdom of Lithuania, 197 Kingdom of Poland, 82, 83, 116, 118, 128, 138, 202, 208, 257 budget, 101 education, 132 fiscal revenues, 102 Kizwalter, Tomasz, 6, 158 Kochanowicz, Jacek, 3, 16, 35, 166, 184 Kołakowski, Leszek, 269 Kollontaj, Hugo, 51 Kołodko, Grzegorz, 328 Konarski, Stanislaw, 51 Konin, 304 Korzon, Tadeusz, 57, 157, 177 Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 47 Kostrowicka, Irena, 5 Kowalik, Tadeusz, 6, 328 Labour emigration, 135, 286 Labour-intensive industrialization, 7-15, 18, 140, 182, 186, 187 Labour market, 299 Labour migration, 129 Labour rent, 52 Labour Union, UP, 325 Lake Żarnowiec, 221 Landau, Ludwik, 214 Landau, Zbigniew, 3, 5, 202 Land Credit Society, 102 Landless peasants, 57, 58, 95, 107, 226, 291 Land reform of
1944, 276, 296 Lange, Oskar, 8, 213, 278, 279 Lannes, Marchai, 98 Late industrialization, 8, 9, 11, 12, 24, 151-187
382 Index Latvia, 211 League of Nations, 238 League of Polish Families (LPR), 325, 326, 334 Leap forward, 298 Łęczyca, 106, 108 Leder, Andrzej, 17 Legnica, 92 Legnica-Głogów area, 286 Łepkowski, Tomasz, 6, 158 Leszczyńska, Cecylia, 5, 174 Leszczyński, Stanislaw, 47, 49 Leszek, Miller, 165, 325, 326 Lewandowski, Janusz, 280 Lignite, 304 Lin, Justin, 12, 13 List, Friedrich, 121 Lithuanian Republic, 197 Little Divergence, 17 Livezeanu, Irina, 4 Łódź, 108, 129, 131, 138, 166, 201, 230, 239, 257, 258, 262, 290, 303 Longue durée, 7 Lower Silesia, 91 Łowicz, 65 LPR, 325 Łubieński family, 136 Lublin, 56 Łuczak, Czeslaw, 5 Ludwikowski, Rett, 6 Lukawer, Edward, 6 Lwów, 54, 56, 92, 130, 134, 170, 230,257 Macierewicz, Antoni, 270 Maddison Project, 311 Malowist, Marian, 15 Manufacturing sector, 137, 139 March 1968, 269, 290, 293 Marshall Plan, 271 Martial law in 1981, 275, 293 Marx, Karl, 122 Masovia, 109, 257 Mass deportations in Soviet zone, 259 Massey-Ferguson, 301 Material incentives, 279, 300 Material losses, 262 Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 183, 270, 323 Mechanical engineering industry, 136 Michnik, Adam, 269 Middle class, 94 Międzymorze, 211 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 256, 267 Milanovic, Branko, 21, 341 Miłkowski, Zygmunt, 159 Military territory Ober-Ost, 196 Mill, John Stuart, 122 Minc, Hilary, 277, 296 Ministry for the Former Prussian Partition, 198 Minsk, 163, 198, 199, 222 Mint, 102 Mitteleuropa, 197 Modernization, 1,50 Modzelewski, Karol, 279 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 212, 255 Moraczewski, Jędrzej, 208 Morawski, Wojciech, 5, 38, 184 Morewood, Steven, 4 Mościce, 239 Mościcki, Ignacy, 210
Moscow, 269 Munich Agreement (1938), 212 Musiał, Wojciech, 6 Myrdal, Gunnar, 14
Index Napoleons Civil Code, 119 Narojek, Winicjusz, 309 Narutowicz, Gabriel, 208 National Armed Forces, 257, 268 National Bank of Poland, 308 National Council in Przemyśl, 198 National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn, 198 National Democracy, 208, 210, 216 Nationalization of the economy, 268 National Radical Camp, 218 NATO, 323, 328 Nazi German settlements, 220, 259 Neisse, Lusatian, 267 Nepotism, 22, 136, 329, 354 New Silesia, 96 Nicholas II Romanov, 130 Nieśwież, 65 1976 Strikes, 291,301 1988 Polish strikes, 270 Nitrogen fertilizer production plant in Puławy, 298 Niwka, 105 Nobility, 16, 17, 36-39, 93, 126, 167, 169,172, 174 obligatory verification, 130 social structure, 59 Nomenklatura, 292, 294 Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government, 209, 210 North, Douglass C, 13, 14, 20 November Uprising (1830-1831), 4, 82, 94, 108,122, 130, 162 Nowa Huta, 297, 303 Nuclear power, 304 Numerus clausus, 228 383 Obligatory verification, 130 O’Brien, Patrick, 14 Occupational structure, 235, 288 October 1956, 269, 272, 274 Oder, 267 Oil and gas pipelines, 305 Oil refinery in Gdańsk, 301 Oil refinery in Płock, 298 Old Polish Industrial Area, 103 Olechowski, Andrzej, 325 Oleksy, Józef, 324 Oligarchy, 60 Olza, 199 Opatówek, 139 Operation Tempest, 256, 260 Operation Vistula (1947-1950), 268 Orava, 222, 282 Organized extermination, 260 O’Rourke, Kevin, 15 Oskar Lange, 8 Pale of Settlement, 162 Panki, 105 Partitions of Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania Austrian Partition, 1, 79 First partition, 45 Partition treaty, 93 Prussian Partition, 79 Russian Partition, 80 Second Partition,
46, 47 territorial division, 90 Third Partition, 47 PC, 324 Peasants, 17, 36-39, 95, 151, 152, 155, 156, 158, 163-170, 172,
384 Index 174, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 291,324, 331-333, 339, 349, 352, 353 cash rent, 140 corvee, 93 cottagers, 58 debates on emancipation, 117 emancipation of, 50 enfranchisement, 134 inclusion to the nation, 127 January Uprising, 119 labour rent, 140 landless peasants, 95 land reform, 226 parties, 208 the peasant-workers, 285 private farms under communism, 305 second serfdom, 36 serfdom, 50 serfdom abolishment—Josephine reforms, 79 social structure, eighteenth century, 57 subsistence farm, 107 Peasants’ Battalions, 257 Peoples Army, 257 Peoples Guard, 257 Piątkowski, Marcin, З, 13, 16, 17, 21,22, 35,332, 341 Piłsudski, Józef, 156, 159, 169, 209-211,229 Piotrków, 106 PKO Bank Pokki SA, 308 Plebiscite in Upper Silesia (1921), 196, 200 Płock, 298, 303 Podymne, 63 Pogrom in Jedwabne, 260 Poland, Lesser, 56, 103, 136 Połaniec, 304 Polesie, 229 Polish-Bolshevik War (1919—1921), 215 Polish Committee of National Liberation, 256 Polish-Czechoslovak border, 282 Polish Democratic Society, 121, 123 Polish-German border, 274, 283 Polish-German customs war, 244 Polish Government-in-Exile, 256, 271 Polish Liquidation Committee, 198 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 43, 52 Polish Loan Bank, 243 Polish minority in Czech Republic, 199 Polish Peoples Party, 210, 267 Polish Round Table, 271 Polish Socialist Party, 208-210, 214, 230,266 Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921 ), 212 Polish-Ukrainian conflict, 228 Polish-Ukrainian war, 198 Polish Underground State, 257 Polish United Workers’ Party, 267, 272 Polish Workers’ Party, 266 Polish zloty, 243 Political myths, 210 Pokka Kasa Opieki SA, 308
Pomerania, 5, 129, 133, 137, 234, 282 Poniatowski, Michał, 65, 348
Index Poniatowski, Stanisław August, 43, 44, 48 Pope John Paul II, 274 Potsdam Conference, 274 Population, 283 Population loss, 260, 287 Portugal, 292 Post-communism, 26, 322-324, 326,327,329, 333, 341 Post-war reconstruction, 288 Potato blithe, 138 Potsdam Conference, 282 Poznań, 56, 91, 92, 132, 137, 230, 262,284-286, 291,293 Poznański, Izrael, 131 Poznański, Kazimierz, 328 Prague Spring 1968, 273 Prebisch-Singer hypothesis, 10 Private entrepreneurs in socialism, 293 Private sector, 311 Proclamation of Połaniec, 52 The Promised Land, 303 Propination monopolies, 120, 141 Protestants, 286 Provisional Government of National Unity, 276 Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 256 Prussia, 46, 48, 78 Prussian partition, 116, 121, 136 agrarian reform, 107 cities, 92 education, 133 ethnic structure, 132 Przemyśl, 56, 130 Przytyk Pogrom, 229 PSL, 324, 325 385 PSL Lewica, 208 PSL Piast, 208, 209 PSL Wyzwolenie, 208, 209 Public housing, 309 Puck, 221 Pula, James, 4 Puławy, 298 PZPR/PUWP, 267 Radom, 234, 270 Radziwiłł family, 65, 66 Railroads, 234 Rakowski, Mieczysław, 281 Ránki, György, 3 Rawicz, 230 Recession, 301 Reconstruction process, 265 Recovered Territories, 265, 283, 288, 291,303 Reda, 221 Red Army, 322 Reds’ faction, 124 Refitgees, 201 Regency Council, 197 Ręmbieliński, Rajmund, 18, 103, 105 Repatriation of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union, 268 Reparations Committee in Versailles, 202 Repphan Brothers’ factory, 139 Resettlement of the Ukrainian minority, 268 Restoration (1918), 156 Reymont, Władysław, 158
386 Index Ricardo, David, 86 Riga, 199 Robinson, James, 3, 13 Rodecki, Franciszek, 106 Rokossovsky, Konstantin, 268 Roman Catholicism, 286 Romania, 211, 222 Roosvelt, Franklin D., 256 Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul, 220, 239 Rostowski, Jan V., 327 Roszkowski, Wojciech, 4 Round Table, 290 Ruch Underground Movement, 279 Ruhr, 137 Rural proletariat, 95, 133 Rural-urban migration, 331 Rusiński, Władysław, 5 Russia, 44, 48, 117, 130, 195 Russian Orthodox Church, 286 Russian partition, 116, 118, 129 Russian Revolution, 197 Rutkowski, Jan, 5 Rybárski, Roman, 214 Rydz-Śmigły, Edward, 210 Rzeszów, 239, 286 Rzewuski, Henryk, 125 Sachs, Ignacy, 279 Sachs, Jeffrey, 327, 336 Samoobrona, 325, 326, 334 Sanacja, 209, 210, 218, 226 Sandomierz, 56 Saxon House, 43 Saxony, 48 Say, Jean-Baptiste, 86 Scheibler, Karol, 138 Scheibler Grohman textile factory, 239 Scottish Enlightenment, 86 Second industrial revolution, 312 Sejm of 1780, 45 Great Sejm, 46, 52 in Grodno, 1793, 46 Partition Sejm, 48 Silent Sejm of 1717, 48 Selective development, 300 Self-governance, 302 Serfdom, 16, 36, 50, 52, 79, 87, 88, 95, 116-119, 135, 140, 142 Services, 241 Service sector, 307 7-Years’ War (1756-1763), 48 Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 158 Silesia, 136, 236, 282 Silesian Plebiscite, 222 Silesian Uprisings, 222 Sikorski, Władysław, 256 6-year plan (1950-1955), 268, 277, 296 Skarbek, Fryderyk, 86 Skodlarski, Janusz, 5 Skrzyński, Aleksander, 209 Sławoj-Składkowski, Felicjan, 210 SLD, 324-326, 334 Small Emigration, 135 Smith, Adam, 62, 86 Smoczyński, Rafał, 17 Socialist calculation debate, 213 Socialist economy, 294, 360
accumulation, 298 Bank of Agriculture, 308 Bank of State Economy, 239 battle for trade, 278, 296, 307
Index black market, 294 collectivization, 298 collectivization of agriculture, 278, 296 creditworthiness, 302 de-Stalinization after 1956, 269 economic destabilization, 302 economic recession of 1980s, 275, 309 enforced collectivization, 291 foreign debt, 293 foreign licences, 297, 301 foreign loans, 302 hyperinflation of 1980s, 303 institutionalization of Marxist economics, 277 nationalization of the economy, 268 private entrepreneurs in socialism, 293 public housing, 309 6-year plan (1950-1955), 277 socialist welfare state, 309 Stalinist-era economy, 296 state-owned agriculture, 311 state socialism, 295 З-year plan (1947-1949), 276 winter of 1979/1980, 301 Socialist welfare state, 309 Social mobility, 288, 289 Social reforms, 23, 43, 45, 49, 115-143, 203 Social structure, 6, 7, 21, 36, 38, 170, 331, 335, 341, 352-354, 361 Sokal, 282 Solidarność Movement, 270, 272, 280, 291,301 387 Solow residual, 299 Sosnowiec, 161, 166, 201, 232 South America, 9 South-East Asia, 11 Soviet-German war, 258 Soviet military forces in Poland, 272 Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1932), 212 Soviet Russia, 213 Soviet Union, 257, 261, 272 Sowa, Jan, 16, 35 Spain, 292 Spätaussiedler, 274, 286 Spis, 222, 282 Spring of Nations, 116, 120, 121, 130,162 Stalin, Joseph, 199, 256, 361 Stalinist-era economy, 296 Stalinization, 268 Stańczyk party, 125 Standard of living, 289, 310 Staniszkis, Jadwiga, 280 Starzyński, Stefan, 218 Staszic, Stanislaw, 51, 89, 103, 161, 350,361 State Agricultural Farms, 306, 339 State capacity, 14, 16 Commonwealth, 43 State income, 63, 243 State National Council, 256, 266
State-induced development, 9, 11 State-led accelerated industrialization, 89 State-led industrialization, 89, 240 State-owned agriculture, 311 State-owned industry, 311 Statism, 239 Stefano, Biancini, 4
388 Index Stefczyk, Franciszek, 180 Steinkeller, Piotr, 131 Stettin, 92 Strikes, 166, 230, 290 1883 strike in Żyrardów, 166 1892 strike in Łódź, 167 1905 strike, 155, 167 1920 strike in Poznan, 230 1920 strike in Rawicz, 230 1923 strike in Cracow, 230 1926 strike of railway workers, 230 1931 strike in Białystok, 230 1931 strike in Łódź, 230 1933 farm workers strike, 230 1936 farm workers strike, 230 1945-1946 strikes, 290 1956 June strike, 269 1956 October strike, 272 1970 December strike, 300 1976 June strike, 269 1980 protests, 286 school strikes, 165, 170 strike in Września, 165 Structural change, 299 Subsistence farm, 306, 352 Sudetenland, 222 Sums of Bayonne, 81, 98 Supiński, Józef, 126, 157, 158 Supreme People’s Council, 198 Surowiecki, Wawrzyniec, 87—89 Suwałki, 257 Sweden, 48 Świdnica, 92 Świętokrzyskie Mountains, 103 Systemic transformation, 3, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 335,341, 354, 361 Szczecin, 268, 282, 285, 286, 291, 303, 304 Szlajfer, Henryk, 4 Szomburg, Jan, 280 Targowica Confederation, 44, 46, 53 Tax system, 244 Taylor, Edward, 214 Tepper, Piotr, 68 The Enlightenment reform, 44 Textile industry, 107, 140, 141, 239 Third Republic of Poland, 266 Third World countries, 273 Thomas, Robert E, 13 З-year plan (1947-1949), 277, 296 Tilly, Charles, 14 Tomaszewski, Jan, 3, 6 Topolski, Jerzy, 5, 61 Tonili, 54, 56, 140, 220, 230 Tourism, 273 Trade, 307 Trade partners, 242 Transferable ruble, 309 Transport infrastructure, 137, 140, 141,234, 305 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 197, 198 Treaty of Locarno, 211 Treaty of Rapallo, 211 Treaty of Riga, 222 Treaty of Versailles, 198
Turkey, 49 Turnock, David, 4 Tymiński, Stanisław, 323, 334 Tyzenhaus, Antoni, 53, 59, 67 Ukraine, 197, 199, 281,329 Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 268 Ukrainian minority, 229
Index UNCIO, 271 Under-urbanization, 331 United People’s Party, 267 UNO, 271 Upper Silesia, 78, 91, 129, 140, 200, 222, 234, 257, 268, 285, 303, 305 Urban economy, 235 Urbanization, 91, 284 Ursus, 270, 301 USSR, 255 Vagabonds, 95, 105 Versailles, 211 Vistula Country, 160 Vistula River, 54 Volhynia, 222 Voltaire, 62 von Klimo, Arpad, 4 von Reden, Friedrich Wilhelm, 78 Wajda, Andrzej, 303 Wałbrzych, 286 Wałęsa, Lech, 270, 323-325 Wańkowicz, Melchior, 239 Wapiński, Roman, 6, 152, 160 War damages, 38, 39, 63, 80, 195, 201,241,245,261,263, 276, 289, 295, 355, 361 Walras auctions, 213 War of the Polish Succession, 47 Warsaw mint, 102 Warsaw Pact, 271, 322 Warsaw Uprising, 256, 260 389 Warszawa, 55, 56, 65, 67, 91,129, 131, 136, 138, 139, 166, 234, 291, 303, 305 Warthegau, 257, 258 Washington Consensus, 327, 336 Wawelbergs family, 119, 131 Weber, Max, 12 Weingast, Barry R., 14 Werwolf, 268 Western and Northern Lands, 265, 282 Western Europe, 1, 8, 9, 13, 20, 36-39, 155, 169, 172,174, 180, 181,328, 332, 338, 339, 341, 348, 356 Western Galicia, 79, 257 Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, 199 West Germany, 274 West Prussia, 129, 282 White collar workers, 334 Whites’ faction, 131 Wieliczka, 54, 97, 141 Wielopolski, Aleksander, 18, 118, 125,131 Williamson, Jeffrey G., 11, 15 Wilno, 56,79, 92,211 Wilson, Woodrow, 211 Winter of 1979/1980, 301 Witos, Wincenty, 209 WOG, 300 Wojtowicz, Grzegorz, 5 Wojtyła, Karol (Pope John Paul), 274 Worcell, Stanislaw, 123 Working class, 288 World Bank, 271 World War I, 133,263 World War II, 255 German settlement, 258
390 Index Wrocław, 92, 285, 286 Wybicki, Józef, 51 Yalta political order, 321 Yalta Treaty, 263 Yanayev political coup in Russia, 322 Young Plan, 212 Zamorski, Jan, 217 Zamoyski Code, 46 Zamoyski, Adam, 3 Zaolzie, 199 Żarnowiec, 304 Zarycki, Tomasz, 17 Zawadzki, Władysław, 177, 213, 214 Zdziechowski, Jerzy, 214, 244 Źeromsk, Stefan, 159 Zhang, Weying, 12 Zhivkov, Todor, 273 Zieleniewski, Ludwik, 179 Zloty, 102, 243, 308 ZSL, 323 Żurawicki, Seweryn, 6 Żyrardów, 138, 16б, 239 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 4---------- ֊֊ ..—^
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction: From the “Little Divergence” to Successili! EU Integration: Towards Economic History of Modern Poland 1 The View from Afar: The Polish Economy Between the Golden Age and the Partitions (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries) 35 The Age of Enlightenment Reforms and Partitions of Poland: Economy and Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century (1772-1795) 43 Between the Consolidation from Above and the Fragmentation of the State: Partitions, Duchy of Warsaw and Polish Lands After the Congress ofVienna (1795-1830) 77 On the Peripheries of the Modern Western World: Delayed Social Reforms and Unfinished Industrial Revolution (1830-1870) 115 ix
x Contents 6 7 The Dawn of Modem Economic Growths Period of Late Industrialization (1870-1914) 151 The Window of Opportunity։ Polish Lands During the Great War (1914-1921) 195 8 A Moment of Independence: Reconstruction and Economic Development of the Second Republic of Poland (1918/21-1939) 207 9 Under the Nazi and Soviet Rule: Polish Lands During World War II (1939-1945) 255 Communist Modernization? Economic Development of Poland Under State Socialism (1945-1989) 265 In Pursuit of the Western World: Poland Between the Transition and the EU Accession (1989-2004) 321 Conclusion: Two Centuries of Catching-up to the West 347 10 11 12 Annex 365 Bibliography 371 Index 373
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sposobów ich zmniejszenia. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, 8, 123—134.
Index Annexation of Austria (Anschluss), Abramovitz, Moses, 9 Accumulation, 298 Acemoglu, Daron, 3, 13 Agrarian reform, 24, 95, 107,116, 123, 132, 140, 143, 156, 168, 177 Agricultural output, 306 Agriculture, 138, 140, 240, 241, 292, 305 Agroindustry, 137, 140, 141 Akamatsu, Kanamu, 11,13 Aldcrofit, Derek, 2, 4 Alexander I Romanov, 82, 357 Alexander II Romanov, 130 Amoral familism, 263 Amsden, Alice, 9, 13 Anglo-Polish Agreement of Mutual Assistance (1939), 212 © The Author(s) 2018 P. Korys, Pobnd From Partitions to EUAccession, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97126-1 212 Annexation of Czechoslovakia, 212 Anti-communist resistance in Poland, 268 Anti-Jewish measures, 261 Anti-Jewish violence, 261, 263 Anti-Semitism, 162 Apparatus of control and repression, 293 Arciszewski, Tomasz, 256 Army, 36, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 63, 64, 68, 78, 80-82, 84, 85, 94, 98, 101, 107, 196-200, 209, 222, 230,238,240,255, 257, 259, 261,262, 268, 269,272, 273, 289,293,311,322 Assembly, 120 Augustus II Wettin, 43 373
374 Index Augustus III Wettin, 43, 47 Austria, 47, 79, 195 Austrian partition, 116, 119 backwardness, 106 education, 135 Josephine reform, 93, 97 Austrian School of Economics, 213 Autumn of nations, 348 Autonomy of Galicia, 120 AWS, 325 Backwardness, 7—15, 17, 21, 40, 186.335, 349, 361 in Poland, recognition, 49 social reforms, 49 Badeni, Kazimierz, 120, 151 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 280, 324, 326, 327.335, 336 Balicki, Zygmunt, 160 Banking, 307 Banking crisis of 1793, 69, 96 Bank of Agriculture, 308 May 1926 coup d’état, 210 Bank of Poland, 102, 136, 243 Bank of State Economy, 239 Bar Confederation, 44, 45, 48 Barlicki, Norbert, 215 Battle for trade, 278, 296, 307 Bauman, Zygmunt, 269 Bazar, 132, 137 Bełchatów, 304 Belka, Marek, 326 Berend, Ivan, З Bereza Kartuska, 210 Biała, 141 Białowieża, 329 Białystok, 140, 141, 230,257 Bielecki, Jan Krzysztof, 324 Bierut, Bolesław, 267-269 Bieszczady Mountains, 282 Biskupski, James, 4 Black market, 294, 309 Bobrowski, Czesław, 277 Bobrza, 103 Bobrzyński, Michał, 16, 151,157 Bochnia, 54, 141 Bogatynia, 304 Border conflicts (1918-1921), 273 Boryslav-Drohobycz area, 178 Borysław, 178 Bourgeoisie, 94, 137, 287 Bożyk, Paweł, 280 Brandenburg, 282 Braudel, Fernand, 7, 15 Bródno, 166 Brus, Włodzimierz, 277—279, 324 Brzeg, 92 Budget, 64, 69, 98, 101, 209, 243, 336 Bugaj, Ryszard, 280, 328 Bujak, Franciszek, 5 Bułgaria, 273 Burke, Edmund, 62 Buzek, Jerzy, 325 Bydgoszcz, 56 Byelorussia, 329 Byelorussian minority, 229 Cameralist model, 88 Camp of National Unity, 209 Carpathian Mountains, 222, 282 Cash rent, 140
Index Catching-up, 2, 11, 18, 26, 329, 342, 347-363 Catholic Church, 291 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 273 Cegielski, Hipolit, 137, 173 Cegielski enterprise, 239 Census, 90 of 1790-1791,57 of 1921,222 of 1931,222, 235 Duchy ofWarsaw (1808, 1810), 57, 99 Poland of 1789, 46 Post-WWII censuses (1950, 1988), 6, 358, 361 Prussian census, 79, 99 Rodecki table (1828), 106 Russian census of 1897, 161, 175 Central bank, 308 Central Industrial Area, 238-240 Central Industrial District, 220, 276 Central Lithuania, 222 Central Planning Commission, 296 Central Planning Committee, 277 Central-Eastern Europe (CEE), 20, 36, 342, 360 Centrally planned economy, 299 Chemical industry, 239 Chernobyl disaster, 304 Chinese model, 302 Chłapowski, Dezydery, 132 Chorzów, 238 Christian Democrats, 218 Chrzanów, 141 Churchill, Winston, 256 Ciechanów, 258 Cieszkowski, August, 121 Commission of National Education, 45 375 Cieszyn, 282 Cimoszewicz, Włodzimierz, 324 Cities, 284 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 55 Citizens Committee, 323 Civic Platform (PO), 325 Coal mining, 136, 141, 242, 275 Code of Civil Law (Napoleon), 81 Collectivization, 306 of agriculture, 259, 278 Colonization of the post-German lands, 296 Comecon, 308 Commission of National Education, 45 Committee for Security and the Protection of Public Welfare, 198 Commonwealth, 15, 16, 35-40, 43, 45,46,48, 52, 54-61,63, 68-70, 77, 79, 82-86, 88, 90-93, 96, 97, 106, 108, 120, 126, 143, 157, 176, 180, 196, 209,211,255,348, 350,351, 357,358 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 211 banking system, 68 cities, 37 Dutch loans, 68 economic development, 60
ethnic and religious minorities, 57 First Partition, 54 GDP per capita, 61 Golden Age, 35 Jews, 58 manufacturing sector, 65 model of development, 63
376 Index Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania {cont.) Second Partition, 54 Sejm in Grodno, 47 state incomes, 63 taxation, 63 urban economy, 66 Communes of Polish People, 121, 123 Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 272 Conference in Magdalenka, 271 Conference in Moscow (1944), 256 Conference in Teheran (1943), 256 Conference in Yalta (1945), 256 Constitutions of Poland, 210, 216, 324 Duchy of Warsaw, 87 Free City of Cracow, 84 Kingdom of Poland, 94 of Poland 3rd May, 46 Corruption, 60, 69, 136, 263, 294, 30 7 Corvee, 38, 95, 119 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), 271,275 Cracow Uprising, 120, 134, 162 Creditworthiness, 302 Crimean War, 117, 130 Crony capitalism, 328 Crude oil production, 141 Curzon, George, 199 Curzon line, 282 Customs border, 140 Czartoryski, Adam, 84, 124 Czartoryski family, 121 Czechoslovakia, 222, 282 Czech-Polish conflict, 199 Czech Republic, 198, 199, 329, 360 Dąbrowa baisin, 129, 139, 257 Dąbrowa Górnicza, 105, 138, 166 Dąbrowski, Jan Henryk, 84 Daszyńska-Golińska, Zofia, 214 Daszyński, Ignacy, 156, 214 Davies, Norman, 3, 35, 36, 196, 198, 199, 202 Davout, Marchai decline of, 43 Debates on emancipation, 117 December 1970, 270, 291, 293, 300 Decree abolishing serfdom, 119 Dembowski, Stanislaw, 123 Demographic dividend, 284, 330, 331, 356, 363 Democratic Bloc, 266 Democratic Party, 267 de Sismondi, Jean, 122 De-Stalinization, 298 Development economics, 220 Development gap, 122 Dincecco, Mark, 14 Discontinuity, 109 Dmowski, Roman, 156, 159, 160, 169,211,217 Doboszyński, Adam, 218 Drucki-Lubecki, Xawery, 89, 101, 350 Drzymała, Wojciech,
165 Duchy of Cieszyn, 222 Duchy of Łowicz, 85, 98 Duchy of Siewierz, 78, 85, 98, 105 Duchy of Warsaw, 80, 97, 101
Index army, 98 cities, 91 fiscal revenue, 98 Jews, 92 population, 92 tax system, 97 Dutch loans, 68 Dutch Republic, 15, 47, 49 Działyński, Tytus, 121 Dzielski, Mirosław, 280 Early industrialization, 8, 12, 360 Eastern Galicia, 257 East Galicia, 268 East Germany, 273, 274, 283, 303 East Prussia, 129, 282 Econometric Society, 213 Economic destabilization, 302 Economic development, 1—3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17-20,22, 26, 60,62, 86, 88, 89, 105, 121, 123, 127, 156-158, 160, 171, 172, 180,182,187, 207-246, 255, 263, 265-314, 342, 354, 355, 357,359, 360, 362 Economic growth, 244 Economic policy, 1,10, 12, 18, 25, 160, 327,335, 360 big push, 220 building the industrial bourgeoisie, 105 cameralism, 96, 97, 105 cameralist model, 88 centrally planned economy, 294, 299 mercantilism, 106 377 state-led industrialization, 24, 103 state socialism, 265, 295 Economic recession of 1980s, 275, 309 Economy of Second Republic of Poland customs war with Germany, 355 15-year plan, 219 4-year plan (1936-1940), 219 Grabski macroeconomic stabilization policy, 244 hyperinflation of 1923—1924, 355 ECSC, 271 Education, 227, 290 Elbląg, 56, 92, 220, 291 Emancipation of the working class, 291 Emigration, 224,280 World War II, 262 Employment, 236 Employment structure, 263 Endlösung der Judenfrage, 260 Energy crisis, 301 Enforced collectivization, 291 Enfranchisement, 83, 87, 116—118, 123, 124, 132, 134, 166, 169, 172, 349, 352 Enfranchising of the workers, 327 Enlightenment, 45 Enlightenment in Poland, 49 Entrepreneurs, 311 Epstein, Stephan R., 14, 131 Estate, 306 Ethnic and religious minorities, 226 Ethnic
structure, 286 Europe Agreement, 323 European Union, 19, 323 Evans Brothers’ factory, 139
378 Index Evans, Lilpop and Rau, 139 Export-oriented industrialization, 10, 11, 19 Extermination, 25, 255, 258—261, 263, 310 Extractive institutions, 3, 13, 17 Familia, Czartoryski family, 48, 51 Familia, Czartoryski house, 44 Far-right movements, 326 Feldman, Wilhelm, 6 Fertility, 283 FIAT, 298 Fiedler s factory, 139 15-year plan, 219 First Partition, 45, 53, 54, 63, 64, 79, 350, 357, 358 Fiscal capacity, 14 Fiscal revenues, 98 Folwark, 62 Forced resettlement of the German population, 265, 268, 271 Foreign licences, 297, 301 Foreign loans, 302 Foreign trade, 307 4-year plan (1936—1940), 219 France, 47, 98, 274 Franco-Polish Military Alliance, 212 Free City of Kraków, 82, 84, 97, 116, 128 Freedom Union (UW), 324, 325 French Revolution, 51 Friedman, Milton, 327 Galicia, 5, 83, 92, 106, 119 Galician Slaughter, 120, 134 Garczyński, Stefan, 50 Gawryszewski, Andrzej, 6 Gdańsk, 54-56, 81, 92, 96, 212, 220, 242, 268, 270, 282, 286, 290, 291,293, 303 Gdańsk Voivodeship, 285 Gdynia, 221, 230, 242, 291, 297, 303 General Governorate, 257, 258, 260 German concentration camps, 257 German historical school of economics, 127 Germanization, 133 German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1934), 212 German-Soviet Neutrality and Non-Aggression Pact of 1926, 211-212 Germany, 195, 261 Gerschenkron, Alexander, 8, 9, 13, 18,335 Geyer, Ludwik, 119, 131, 139 Giedroyć, Jerzy, 269 Gierek, Edward, 270, 280, 290, 300-302, 305, 361 Giertych, Roman, 326 Głąbinski, Stanisław, 216 Gołębiowski, Jerzy, 18 Gołuchowski, Agenor, 120, 151 Gomułka, Stanisław, 216, 327 Gomułka, Władysław, 269, 290, 298,300 Gorlice, 178
Governing Commission for Galicia, Silesia, Spis and Orava, 198 Government General of Lublin, 196 Government General of Warsaw, 196 Government-in Exile, 276 Grabski, Stanisław, 122, 156, 214, 267
Index Grabski, Władysław, 19, 122, 156, 162,209,214,216,244 Grand Great Duchy of Posen, 82, 83, 220 Great Britain, 15, 47, 49, 274 Great Depression, 218, 230, 231, 235, 242 Great Emigration, 123, 135 Greater Poland, 5, 56, 97, 108, 129, 133, 136, 137, 208, 229,257 cities of, 91 Great Northern War, 48 Grodek, Andrzej, 5 Grodno, 67, 201 Growth rate, 310 Grudziądz, 220 Grzybek, Dariusz, 6, 156-158 Guzicki, Leszek, 6, 156 Gypsies, 260 Habsburg, Joseph II, 24, 186 Habsburgs, 48 Hayek, Friedrich, 8 Heavy industry, 136 Hel, 221 Hirszowicz, Maria, 280 Hohenzollerns, 48 Holocaust, 17, 257 Home Army, 257, 268 Honecker, Erich, 273 Hotel Lambert, 121, 124 Hryniewicz, Janusz, 16, 177 Human capital, 299 Human Development Index, 335 Hungarian revolution of 1956, 269 Husak, Gustav, 273 Huta Bankowa, 138 379 Huta Katowice, 301, 305 Hyperinflation, 231, 309 Ideas agrarism, 218 anti-Semitism, 217 backwardness, 88 battle for trade, 278 cameralism, 49, 88, 89 communism, 216 concepts of anti-communist opposition, 280 concepts of post-WWII Polish economy, 276 conservatism, 218 de-Stalinization after 1956,279 development economics, 214 economic schools in internar Poland, 214 enlightened absolutism, 49 French Enlightement, 49 Great Depression, 218 Great Emigration, 123, 124 import substitution, 89 January Uprising, 124 Kaleckians’ economics, 213 Keynesism, 213 liberalism, 87 loyalist policy, 126 mass privatization, 280 mathematical economics, 213 modernization, 87 nationalism, 216, 217 organic work, 127 Polish Jacobin ideas, 52 positivism, 127 post-war reconstruction, 276
380 Index Ideas {cont?) reception of French Revolution, 70 Romanticism, 122 Scottish Enlightenment, 49 socialism, 215 social reform, 127 Stalin model, 277 statism, 219 Utopia of the non-market economy, 296 IG Farben, 260 Ihnatowicz, Ireneusz, 6 Illiteracy, 227, 290 IMF, 271, 275, 327 Immigrants, 138 Immoral practices, 263 Import substitution, 9—11, 13, 18 Inclusion to the nation, 263 Inclusive institutions, 3, 13, 14, 17 Industrialization, 137, 139, 234, 303 Industrialization, first wave of, 9 Industrial output, 304 Industrious revolution, 12, 13 Industry, 202 Infant industry, 9 Inflation, 301 Informal co-ordination mechanisms, 307 Institute of Business Cycles and Prices, 214 Institutionalization of Marxist economics, 277 Intelligentsia, 127, 226, 287, 290, 292,299 extermination, 263 Internal migrations, 285—288 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 271,275,327 International trade, 242, 243 Investment mania of the late 1780s, 69 Iron Curtain, 271, 321 Jagiellonian University, 135, 290 Janos, Andrew, 4 Janowski, Maciej, 4, 158 January Uprising, 118, 162 decree abolishing serfdom, 119 Japan,9 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 270, 272, 275, 290, 322, 323 Jaszczuk, Bolesław, 279, 300 Jedlicki, Jerzy, 4,6, 18 Jelonek, Andrzej, 6, 161, 201 Jewish ghettoes, 259 Jews, 57, 228, 241, 258-260, 269, 286, 287, 351 Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, 57, 58 Jezierski, Andrzej, 5, 38, 174 Jezierski, Franciszek Salezy, 51 Joseph II Habsburg, 49 Josephine reforms, 79, 97 June 1956,269, 293 June 1976, 270 Kaczyński, Jarosław, 324 Kadar, Janos, 273 Kalecki, Michał, 213, 214, 220, 273, 278, 279
Index Kalinka, Walerian, 125, 157 Kaliński, Janusz, 5, 338 Kalisz, 89, 92, 106, 108, 136, 139, 201 Kamienna, 103 Kania, Stanisław, 290 Kaps, Klemens, 5, 178, 186 Karpiński, Andrzej, 159, 280 Karwina, 199 Katowice, 285, 303 Katyn massacre, 259 Kawalec, Agnieszka, 5, 179 Keynes, John Maynard, 213 Khrushchev, Nikita, 269 Kielce, 67, 103, 129, 136, 139, 236 Kiev, 163, 170, 197, 199 Kieżun, Witold, 328 Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, 381 Kozienice, 304 Kraków, 54, 56, 92, 94, 97, 130, 134, 170,230, 234, 305 Kronenberg, Leopold, 119, 131, 184 Krosno, 141 Krysiński, Dominik, 86 Krzaklewski, Marian, 325 Krzyżanowski, Adam, 156, 162, 176, 214 Kuczyński, Waldemar, 280 Kujawski, Aleksandrów, 140 Kula, Witold, 16, 35, 39, 61, 166 Kuroń, Jacek, 269, 279 Kuznets, Simon, 313 Kwaśniewski, Aleksander, 324, 325 Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz, 219, 296, 350, 361 120 assembly, 120 Kingdom of Lithuania, 197 Kingdom of Poland, 82, 83, 116, 118, 128, 138, 202, 208, 257 budget, 101 education, 132 fiscal revenues, 102 Kizwalter, Tomasz, 6, 158 Kochanowicz, Jacek, 3, 16, 35, 166, 184 Kołakowski, Leszek, 269 Kollontaj, Hugo, 51 Kołodko, Grzegorz, 328 Konarski, Stanislaw, 51 Konin, 304 Korzon, Tadeusz, 57, 157, 177 Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 47 Kostrowicka, Irena, 5 Kowalik, Tadeusz, 6, 328 Labour emigration, 135, 286 Labour-intensive industrialization, 7-15, 18, 140, 182, 186, 187 Labour market, 299 Labour migration, 129 Labour rent, 52 Labour Union, UP, 325 Lake Żarnowiec, 221 Landau, Ludwik, 214 Landau, Zbigniew, 3, 5, 202 Land Credit Society, 102 Landless peasants, 57, 58, 95, 107, 226, 291 Land reform of
1944, 276, 296 Lange, Oskar, 8, 213, 278, 279 Lannes, Marchai, 98 Late industrialization, 8, 9, 11, 12, 24, 151-187
382 Index Latvia, 211 League of Nations, 238 League of Polish Families (LPR), 325, 326, 334 Leap forward, 298 Łęczyca, 106, 108 Leder, Andrzej, 17 Legnica, 92 Legnica-Głogów area, 286 Łepkowski, Tomasz, 6, 158 Leszczyńska, Cecylia, 5, 174 Leszczyński, Stanislaw, 47, 49 Leszek, Miller, 165, 325, 326 Lewandowski, Janusz, 280 Lignite, 304 Lin, Justin, 12, 13 List, Friedrich, 121 Lithuanian Republic, 197 Little Divergence, 17 Livezeanu, Irina, 4 Łódź, 108, 129, 131, 138, 166, 201, 230, 239, 257, 258, 262, 290, 303 Longue durée, 7 Lower Silesia, 91 Łowicz, 65 LPR, 325 Łubieński family, 136 Lublin, 56 Łuczak, Czeslaw, 5 Ludwikowski, Rett, 6 Lukawer, Edward, 6 Lwów, 54, 56, 92, 130, 134, 170, 230,257 Macierewicz, Antoni, 270 Maddison Project, 311 Malowist, Marian, 15 Manufacturing sector, 137, 139 March 1968, 269, 290, 293 Marshall Plan, 271 Martial law in 1981, 275, 293 Marx, Karl, 122 Masovia, 109, 257 Mass deportations in Soviet zone, 259 Massey-Ferguson, 301 Material incentives, 279, 300 Material losses, 262 Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 183, 270, 323 Mechanical engineering industry, 136 Michnik, Adam, 269 Middle class, 94 Międzymorze, 211 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 256, 267 Milanovic, Branko, 21, 341 Miłkowski, Zygmunt, 159 Military territory Ober-Ost, 196 Mill, John Stuart, 122 Minc, Hilary, 277, 296 Ministry for the Former Prussian Partition, 198 Minsk, 163, 198, 199, 222 Mint, 102 Mitteleuropa, 197 Modernization, 1,50 Modzelewski, Karol, 279 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 212, 255 Moraczewski, Jędrzej, 208 Morawski, Wojciech, 5, 38, 184 Morewood, Steven, 4 Mościce, 239 Mościcki, Ignacy, 210
Moscow, 269 Munich Agreement (1938), 212 Musiał, Wojciech, 6 Myrdal, Gunnar, 14
Index Napoleons Civil Code, 119 Narojek, Winicjusz, 309 Narutowicz, Gabriel, 208 National Armed Forces, 257, 268 National Bank of Poland, 308 National Council in Przemyśl, 198 National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn, 198 National Democracy, 208, 210, 216 Nationalization of the economy, 268 National Radical Camp, 218 NATO, 323, 328 Nazi German settlements, 220, 259 Neisse, Lusatian, 267 Nepotism, 22, 136, 329, 354 New Silesia, 96 Nicholas II Romanov, 130 Nieśwież, 65 1976 Strikes, 291,301 1988 Polish strikes, 270 Nitrogen fertilizer production plant in Puławy, 298 Niwka, 105 Nobility, 16, 17, 36-39, 93, 126, 167, 169,172, 174 obligatory verification, 130 social structure, 59 Nomenklatura, 292, 294 Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government, 209, 210 North, Douglass C, 13, 14, 20 November Uprising (1830-1831), 4, 82, 94, 108,122, 130, 162 Nowa Huta, 297, 303 Nuclear power, 304 Numerus clausus, 228 383 Obligatory verification, 130 O’Brien, Patrick, 14 Occupational structure, 235, 288 October 1956, 269, 272, 274 Oder, 267 Oil and gas pipelines, 305 Oil refinery in Gdańsk, 301 Oil refinery in Płock, 298 Old Polish Industrial Area, 103 Olechowski, Andrzej, 325 Oleksy, Józef, 324 Oligarchy, 60 Olza, 199 Opatówek, 139 Operation Tempest, 256, 260 Operation Vistula (1947-1950), 268 Orava, 222, 282 Organized extermination, 260 O’Rourke, Kevin, 15 Oskar Lange, 8 Pale of Settlement, 162 Panki, 105 Partitions of Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania Austrian Partition, 1, 79 First partition, 45 Partition treaty, 93 Prussian Partition, 79 Russian Partition, 80 Second Partition,
46, 47 territorial division, 90 Third Partition, 47 PC, 324 Peasants, 17, 36-39, 95, 151, 152, 155, 156, 158, 163-170, 172,
384 Index 174, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 291,324, 331-333, 339, 349, 352, 353 cash rent, 140 corvee, 93 cottagers, 58 debates on emancipation, 117 emancipation of, 50 enfranchisement, 134 inclusion to the nation, 127 January Uprising, 119 labour rent, 140 landless peasants, 95 land reform, 226 parties, 208 the peasant-workers, 285 private farms under communism, 305 second serfdom, 36 serfdom, 50 serfdom abolishment—Josephine reforms, 79 social structure, eighteenth century, 57 subsistence farm, 107 Peasants’ Battalions, 257 Peoples Army, 257 Peoples Guard, 257 Piątkowski, Marcin, З, 13, 16, 17, 21,22, 35,332, 341 Piłsudski, Józef, 156, 159, 169, 209-211,229 Piotrków, 106 PKO Bank Pokki SA, 308 Plebiscite in Upper Silesia (1921), 196, 200 Płock, 298, 303 Podymne, 63 Pogrom in Jedwabne, 260 Poland, Lesser, 56, 103, 136 Połaniec, 304 Polesie, 229 Polish-Bolshevik War (1919—1921), 215 Polish Committee of National Liberation, 256 Polish-Czechoslovak border, 282 Polish Democratic Society, 121, 123 Polish-German border, 274, 283 Polish-German customs war, 244 Polish Government-in-Exile, 256, 271 Polish Liquidation Committee, 198 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 43, 52 Polish Loan Bank, 243 Polish minority in Czech Republic, 199 Polish Peoples Party, 210, 267 Polish Round Table, 271 Polish Socialist Party, 208-210, 214, 230,266 Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921 ), 212 Polish-Ukrainian conflict, 228 Polish-Ukrainian war, 198 Polish Underground State, 257 Polish United Workers’ Party, 267, 272 Polish Workers’ Party, 266 Polish zloty, 243 Political myths, 210 Pokka Kasa Opieki SA, 308
Pomerania, 5, 129, 133, 137, 234, 282 Poniatowski, Michał, 65, 348
Index Poniatowski, Stanisław August, 43, 44, 48 Pope John Paul II, 274 Potsdam Conference, 274 Population, 283 Population loss, 260, 287 Portugal, 292 Post-communism, 26, 322-324, 326,327,329, 333, 341 Post-war reconstruction, 288 Potato blithe, 138 Potsdam Conference, 282 Poznań, 56, 91, 92, 132, 137, 230, 262,284-286, 291,293 Poznański, Izrael, 131 Poznański, Kazimierz, 328 Prague Spring 1968, 273 Prebisch-Singer hypothesis, 10 Private entrepreneurs in socialism, 293 Private sector, 311 Proclamation of Połaniec, 52 The Promised Land, 303 Propination monopolies, 120, 141 Protestants, 286 Provisional Government of National Unity, 276 Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 256 Prussia, 46, 48, 78 Prussian partition, 116, 121, 136 agrarian reform, 107 cities, 92 education, 133 ethnic structure, 132 Przemyśl, 56, 130 Przytyk Pogrom, 229 PSL, 324, 325 385 PSL Lewica, 208 PSL Piast, 208, 209 PSL Wyzwolenie, 208, 209 Public housing, 309 Puck, 221 Pula, James, 4 Puławy, 298 PZPR/PUWP, 267 Radom, 234, 270 Radziwiłł family, 65, 66 Railroads, 234 Rakowski, Mieczysław, 281 Ránki, György, 3 Rawicz, 230 Recession, 301 Reconstruction process, 265 Recovered Territories, 265, 283, 288, 291,303 Reda, 221 Red Army, 322 Reds’ faction, 124 Refitgees, 201 Regency Council, 197 Ręmbieliński, Rajmund, 18, 103, 105 Repatriation of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union, 268 Reparations Committee in Versailles, 202 Repphan Brothers’ factory, 139 Resettlement of the Ukrainian minority, 268 Restoration (1918), 156 Reymont, Władysław, 158
386 Index Ricardo, David, 86 Riga, 199 Robinson, James, 3, 13 Rodecki, Franciszek, 106 Rokossovsky, Konstantin, 268 Roman Catholicism, 286 Romania, 211, 222 Roosvelt, Franklin D., 256 Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul, 220, 239 Rostowski, Jan V., 327 Roszkowski, Wojciech, 4 Round Table, 290 Ruch Underground Movement, 279 Ruhr, 137 Rural proletariat, 95, 133 Rural-urban migration, 331 Rusiński, Władysław, 5 Russia, 44, 48, 117, 130, 195 Russian Orthodox Church, 286 Russian partition, 116, 118, 129 Russian Revolution, 197 Rutkowski, Jan, 5 Rybárski, Roman, 214 Rydz-Śmigły, Edward, 210 Rzeszów, 239, 286 Rzewuski, Henryk, 125 Sachs, Ignacy, 279 Sachs, Jeffrey, 327, 336 Samoobrona, 325, 326, 334 Sanacja, 209, 210, 218, 226 Sandomierz, 56 Saxon House, 43 Saxony, 48 Say, Jean-Baptiste, 86 Scheibler, Karol, 138 Scheibler Grohman textile factory, 239 Scottish Enlightenment, 86 Second industrial revolution, 312 Sejm of 1780, 45 Great Sejm, 46, 52 in Grodno, 1793, 46 Partition Sejm, 48 Silent Sejm of 1717, 48 Selective development, 300 Self-governance, 302 Serfdom, 16, 36, 50, 52, 79, 87, 88, 95, 116-119, 135, 140, 142 Services, 241 Service sector, 307 7-Years’ War (1756-1763), 48 Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 158 Silesia, 136, 236, 282 Silesian Plebiscite, 222 Silesian Uprisings, 222 Sikorski, Władysław, 256 6-year plan (1950-1955), 268, 277, 296 Skarbek, Fryderyk, 86 Skodlarski, Janusz, 5 Skrzyński, Aleksander, 209 Sławoj-Składkowski, Felicjan, 210 SLD, 324-326, 334 Small Emigration, 135 Smith, Adam, 62, 86 Smoczyński, Rafał, 17 Socialist calculation debate, 213 Socialist economy, 294, 360
accumulation, 298 Bank of Agriculture, 308 Bank of State Economy, 239 battle for trade, 278, 296, 307
Index black market, 294 collectivization, 298 collectivization of agriculture, 278, 296 creditworthiness, 302 de-Stalinization after 1956, 269 economic destabilization, 302 economic recession of 1980s, 275, 309 enforced collectivization, 291 foreign debt, 293 foreign licences, 297, 301 foreign loans, 302 hyperinflation of 1980s, 303 institutionalization of Marxist economics, 277 nationalization of the economy, 268 private entrepreneurs in socialism, 293 public housing, 309 6-year plan (1950-1955), 277 socialist welfare state, 309 Stalinist-era economy, 296 state-owned agriculture, 311 state socialism, 295 З-year plan (1947-1949), 276 winter of 1979/1980, 301 Socialist welfare state, 309 Social mobility, 288, 289 Social reforms, 23, 43, 45, 49, 115-143, 203 Social structure, 6, 7, 21, 36, 38, 170, 331, 335, 341, 352-354, 361 Sokal, 282 Solidarność Movement, 270, 272, 280, 291,301 387 Solow residual, 299 Sosnowiec, 161, 166, 201, 232 South America, 9 South-East Asia, 11 Soviet-German war, 258 Soviet military forces in Poland, 272 Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact (1932), 212 Soviet Russia, 213 Soviet Union, 257, 261, 272 Sowa, Jan, 16, 35 Spain, 292 Spätaussiedler, 274, 286 Spis, 222, 282 Spring of Nations, 116, 120, 121, 130,162 Stalin, Joseph, 199, 256, 361 Stalinist-era economy, 296 Stalinization, 268 Stańczyk party, 125 Standard of living, 289, 310 Staniszkis, Jadwiga, 280 Starzyński, Stefan, 218 Staszic, Stanislaw, 51, 89, 103, 161, 350,361 State Agricultural Farms, 306, 339 State capacity, 14, 16 Commonwealth, 43 State income, 63, 243 State National Council, 256, 266
State-induced development, 9, 11 State-led accelerated industrialization, 89 State-led industrialization, 89, 240 State-owned agriculture, 311 State-owned industry, 311 Statism, 239 Stefano, Biancini, 4
388 Index Stefczyk, Franciszek, 180 Steinkeller, Piotr, 131 Stettin, 92 Strikes, 166, 230, 290 1883 strike in Żyrardów, 166 1892 strike in Łódź, 167 1905 strike, 155, 167 1920 strike in Poznan, 230 1920 strike in Rawicz, 230 1923 strike in Cracow, 230 1926 strike of railway workers, 230 1931 strike in Białystok, 230 1931 strike in Łódź, 230 1933 farm workers strike, 230 1936 farm workers strike, 230 1945-1946 strikes, 290 1956 June strike, 269 1956 October strike, 272 1970 December strike, 300 1976 June strike, 269 1980 protests, 286 school strikes, 165, 170 strike in Września, 165 Structural change, 299 Subsistence farm, 306, 352 Sudetenland, 222 Sums of Bayonne, 81, 98 Supiński, Józef, 126, 157, 158 Supreme People’s Council, 198 Surowiecki, Wawrzyniec, 87—89 Suwałki, 257 Sweden, 48 Świdnica, 92 Świętokrzyskie Mountains, 103 Systemic transformation, 3, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 335,341, 354, 361 Szczecin, 268, 282, 285, 286, 291, 303, 304 Szlajfer, Henryk, 4 Szomburg, Jan, 280 Targowica Confederation, 44, 46, 53 Tax system, 244 Taylor, Edward, 214 Tepper, Piotr, 68 The Enlightenment reform, 44 Textile industry, 107, 140, 141, 239 Third Republic of Poland, 266 Third World countries, 273 Thomas, Robert E, 13 З-year plan (1947-1949), 277, 296 Tilly, Charles, 14 Tomaszewski, Jan, 3, 6 Topolski, Jerzy, 5, 61 Tonili, 54, 56, 140, 220, 230 Tourism, 273 Trade, 307 Trade partners, 242 Transferable ruble, 309 Transport infrastructure, 137, 140, 141,234, 305 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 197, 198 Treaty of Locarno, 211 Treaty of Rapallo, 211 Treaty of Riga, 222 Treaty of Versailles, 198
Turkey, 49 Turnock, David, 4 Tymiński, Stanisław, 323, 334 Tyzenhaus, Antoni, 53, 59, 67 Ukraine, 197, 199, 281,329 Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 268 Ukrainian minority, 229
Index UNCIO, 271 Under-urbanization, 331 United People’s Party, 267 UNO, 271 Upper Silesia, 78, 91, 129, 140, 200, 222, 234, 257, 268, 285, 303, 305 Urban economy, 235 Urbanization, 91, 284 Ursus, 270, 301 USSR, 255 Vagabonds, 95, 105 Versailles, 211 Vistula Country, 160 Vistula River, 54 Volhynia, 222 Voltaire, 62 von Klimo, Arpad, 4 von Reden, Friedrich Wilhelm, 78 Wajda, Andrzej, 303 Wałbrzych, 286 Wałęsa, Lech, 270, 323-325 Wańkowicz, Melchior, 239 Wapiński, Roman, 6, 152, 160 War damages, 38, 39, 63, 80, 195, 201,241,245,261,263, 276, 289, 295, 355, 361 Walras auctions, 213 War of the Polish Succession, 47 Warsaw mint, 102 Warsaw Pact, 271, 322 Warsaw Uprising, 256, 260 389 Warszawa, 55, 56, 65, 67, 91,129, 131, 136, 138, 139, 166, 234, 291, 303, 305 Warthegau, 257, 258 Washington Consensus, 327, 336 Wawelbergs family, 119, 131 Weber, Max, 12 Weingast, Barry R., 14 Werwolf, 268 Western and Northern Lands, 265, 282 Western Europe, 1, 8, 9, 13, 20, 36-39, 155, 169, 172,174, 180, 181,328, 332, 338, 339, 341, 348, 356 Western Galicia, 79, 257 Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, 199 West Germany, 274 West Prussia, 129, 282 White collar workers, 334 Whites’ faction, 131 Wieliczka, 54, 97, 141 Wielopolski, Aleksander, 18, 118, 125,131 Williamson, Jeffrey G., 11, 15 Wilno, 56,79, 92,211 Wilson, Woodrow, 211 Winter of 1979/1980, 301 Witos, Wincenty, 209 WOG, 300 Wojtowicz, Grzegorz, 5 Wojtyła, Karol (Pope John Paul), 274 Worcell, Stanislaw, 123 Working class, 288 World Bank, 271 World War I, 133,263 World War II, 255 German settlement, 258
390 Index Wrocław, 92, 285, 286 Wybicki, Józef, 51 Yalta political order, 321 Yalta Treaty, 263 Yanayev political coup in Russia, 322 Young Plan, 212 Zamorski, Jan, 217 Zamoyski Code, 46 Zamoyski, Adam, 3 Zaolzie, 199 Żarnowiec, 304 Zarycki, Tomasz, 17 Zawadzki, Władysław, 177, 213, 214 Zdziechowski, Jerzy, 214, 244 Źeromsk, Stefan, 159 Zhang, Weying, 12 Zhivkov, Todor, 273 Zieleniewski, Ludwik, 179 Zloty, 102, 243, 308 ZSL, 323 Żurawicki, Seweryn, 6 Żyrardów, 138, 16б, 239 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 4---------- ֊֊ ..—^
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Koryś, Piotr |
author_GND | (DE-588)1175144444 |
author_facet | Koryś, Piotr |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Koryś, Piotr |
author_variant | p k pk |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV045401666 |
classification_rvk | NW 2410 QF 047 QG 475 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1080931565 (DE-599)BVBBV045401666 |
discipline | Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
era | Geschichte 1772-2004 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1772-2004 |
format | Book |
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geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
geographic_facet | Polen |
id | DE-604.BV045401666 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:17:12Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9783319971254 9783030404345 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030787746 |
oclc_num | 1080931565 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-521 DE-11 DE-12 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-521 DE-11 DE-12 DE-188 |
physical | xiv, 390 Seiten Karten, Diagramme |
publishDate | 2018 |
publishDateSearch | 2018 |
publishDateSort | 2018 |
publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Koryś, Piotr Verfasser (DE-588)1175144444 aut Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 Piotr Koryś Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2018] © 2018 xiv, 390 Seiten Karten, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1772-2004 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Geschichte 1772-2004 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 10.1007978-3-319-97126-1 978-3-319-97126-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Koryś, Piotr Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
title | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 |
title_auth | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 |
title_exact_search | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 |
title_full | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 Piotr Koryś |
title_fullStr | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 Piotr Koryś |
title_full_unstemmed | Poland from partitions to EU accession a modern economic history, 1772-2004 Piotr Koryś |
title_short | Poland from partitions to EU accession |
title_sort | poland from partitions to eu accession a modern economic history 1772 2004 |
title_sub | a modern economic history, 1772-2004 |
topic | Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Wirtschaft Polen |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030787746&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT koryspiotr polandfrompartitionstoeuaccessionamoderneconomichistory17722004 |
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