Religious freedom in modern Russia:
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| Schriftenreihe: | PITT series in Russian and East European studies
Kritika historical studies |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
chapter i. Introduction: Faith, Freedom, and the Varieties of Russian
Religious Experience 1
RANDALL A. POOLE
chapter 2. Religious Toleration in Russian Thought, 1520-1825 44
G. M. HAMBURG
chapter 3. Freedom of Conscience in the Clerical Imagination of Russian
Orthodox Thought, 1801-1865 81
PATRICK LALLY MICHELSON
chapter 4. Freedom of Conscience, Freedom of Confession, and “Land
and Freedom” in the 1860s 104
VICTORIA FREDE
chapter 5. The Modern Martyrs of Russia: International Interest in
Evangelical Christians and Religious Freedom in Late
Imperial Russia 121
HEATHER J. COLEMAN
chapter 6. Missionaries of Official Orthodoxy: Agents of State Religion in
Late Imperial Russia 142
DANIEL SCARBOROUGH
chapter 7. Designs for Dar al-Isldm: Religious Freedom and the
Emergence of a Muslim Public Sphere, 1905-1916 160
NORIHIRO NAGANAWA
chapter 8. Religious Freedom, the Religious Market, and Spiritual
Entrepreneurship in Russia after 1997 182
J. EUGENE CLAY
NOTES 21s
CONTRIBUTORS 299
INDEX 301
HEX
Abdiilhamid II, Ottoman emperor, 173
Abizgildin, Jihangir, 167
Absolute: human consciousness of, 35, 36, 37,
38, 238n204
Adams, John, 74, 76
Adorno, Theodore, 79
Aginsk Buddhist Academy, 193-94
Aiusheev, Damba (Vasilii) (Pandito Khamba
Lama), 190, 191-93, 196, 211, 212
Akbar, Indian emperor, 44
Akchura, Yusuf, 166
akhunds, 165,167, 168, 179
Aleksandr Nevskii Temperance Society, 27
Aleksei, Russia tsar, 59
Alexander I, Russian emperor, 21,71, 72-73,
92, 200
Alexander II, Russian emperor, 83, 104, 105;
Evangelical Alliance appeals to, 128; Og-
arev on, 117; Old Believers issue oath of
allegiance to, 264n61; Serno-Solovevich’s
petitions to, 111, 112, 113
Alexander III, Russian emperor, 126; Evangel-
ical Alliance appeals to, 128; “Orthodox
patriotism” and, 149
All-Union Council of Evangelical Christians
and Baptists (AUCECB) (1944), 188, 190,
198
All-Union Council of Seventh-Day Adventists
(1946), 188, 190
Amvrosii (Grenkov), St, 13
Amvrosii (Iuskevich), Bishop, 62
Anabaptists: Tatishchevs views of, 59
anarchists, Russian: British liberals regard as
liberal reformers rather than terrorists, 134
Anglican Church, 123,133, 137, 139
Anna Ioannovna, Russian empress, 61
Antonii (Khrapovitskii), Archbishop, 42
Antonii (Vadkovskii), Metropolitan, 26-27, 33,
40,41, 152,153, 229nl31
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 57-58
Arius: Awakum compares Nikon to, 53
Armenian genocide: Pester anticipates ele-
ments of, 75
Armenian Gregorian Church, 186
Armenians: forced conversion in Turkey, 129
Arsen’ev, K. K., 5, 141, 237nl91
Arsenii (Moskvin), Metropolitan, 145
asceticism, 16,20
Association of Buddhists of Buriatia, 293n30
Association of Independent Churches of Chris-
tians of the Evangelical Faith, 203
Astrakhan, 49, 50, 175; Tatishchev as governor
of, 61
Astrov, Pavel, 23In 147
Athanasius, St., 92, 101
atheism, 12, 81, 105, 107, 144, 221n42
Ätläsi, Hädi, Mullah, 166
Austrian tolerationist policies (early modern),
47, 48
Awakum, Archpriest, 53, 76, 78
Baader, Franz Xaver von, 93
Baedeker, Friedrich W„ 126, 132
Bal’zhirov, Andrei, Sanzhai Lama, 193
Baptists and the Baptist church, 2, 122,124,
127, 132, 133; in the Russian Empire, 125,
128, 130, 131, 133, 147, 155-56; in the
Russian Federation, 203, 204; in the Soviet
period, 186. See also All-Union Council
of Evangelical Christians and Baptists
(AUCECB), stundists and stundism
Baptist World Alliance, 130, 131
Bärüdi, Älimjän, 166
Bashkin, Matvei, 50
Bashkirs, 61, 165, 176
Basil of Caesarea, St., 22
Basil, John, 33, 39
Bäyaziduf, Safa, 168, 169,178
Bayle, Pierre, 46, 76, 217nl4
Behdudiy, Mahmudkhoja, 180
Bellarmine, Robert, 57-58
Belliustin, Ioann, Fr., 24
301
Belokrinitsa Old Believer monastery, 264n63
Bentham, Jeremy, 80
Berdiaev, Nikolai, 14, 38, 39, 41
Bereslavskii, Veniamin. See Ioann
(Bereslavskii), Fr.
Bezak, Aleksandr, 164
Bible, 124,130; translation and distribution,
125,126; Kelsievs translation project, 108;
Tatishchev on, 59. See also British and For-
eign Bible Society, Russian Bible Society
Bigiyif, Musa, 161, 172
Bishops and the episcopate (Russian Ortho-
dox), 19, 24, 43; church reform and, 42;
congresses of, 148-49
Bogochelovechestvo. See Godmanhood
Bogoslavskii-Platonov, Kirill, 22
Bolshevik antireligious policies. See Soviet anti-
religious policies
Brest Convention (1595-96), 51, 89, 145,
244n41
British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS),
125-26
brotherhoods, Russian Orthodox, 145-46, 147,
149, 158; diocesan missionaries in, 150;
purposes of, 145
Budaev, Choi-Dorje, 192
Buddhism in Russia, 10, 182, 183, 190-96, 197,
198; in the Soviet period, 186,187, 188,
189,191. See also Buddhist Traditional
Sangha of Russia (BTSR); Central Spiritual
Directorate of Buddhists; Nydahl, Ole;
Pandito Khambo Lama, office of; Russian
Association of Buddhists of the Diamond
Way Karma Kagyu Tradition; Tibetan
Buddhism
Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia (BTSR),
183, 190,191-94. See also Aiusheev,
Damba (Pandito Khamba Lama); Itigelov,
Dashi-Dorzho (Pandito Khambo Lama);
Tsybikov, Munko (Pandito Khamba Lama)
Budilovich, A. S., 176
Biihren, Ernst Johann von, 61
Bukaykhanuf, Alikhan, 167, 177
Bukharev. See Fedor (Bukharev), Archiman-
drite
Bulev, Nikolai. See Nemchin, Nikolai
Bulgakov, Sergei, 3, 4, 29, 38, 39, 41, 43; on
faith, freedom, and religious experience,
1-2, 16, 215n4; neo-idealist defense of
liberalism, 11,12; his own religious ex-
periences, 39; in Problems of Idealism,
238n204; his Vekhi essay, 16
Burbank, Jane, 161
Buriat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic, 187
Buriatiia and Buriats, 183,190, 191, 192, 196,
203, 205, 212
Butashevich-Petrashevskii, Mikhail, 261nl8
Calvinists and Calvinism in Russia, 55, 198,
200, 201
Cappadocian Fathers, 92,101. See also Basil of
Caesarea, St; Gregory of Nazianzus, St.;
Gregory of Nyssa, St.
castrati. See skoptsy
Catharism, 206
Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow, 159,
207
Catherine II, Russian empress, 12, 63-67, 71,
76,77, 187; creates Buddhist religious es-
tablishment, 191; edict on the foundation
of the Muslim Spiritual Assembly, 163,
175; German-speaking
Reformed colonists invited to the Volga,
200; Instruction to the Commission for the
Composition of a New Law Code, 64-66,
69, 78, 79; toleration in Catherinian Russia,
63-71; and Volga-Urals Muslims’ rights,
164, 165, 168, 169, 178, 180
Catholics and Catholicism. See Roman Cath-
olics and Roman Catholicism, Uniate
Church
Caucasus, 161, 166,167,176, 200
Central Spiritual Directorate of Buddhists, 183,
190,191
charity and charities, 25,27,142, 145, 146
Cherevanskii, V. R, 176
Chicherin, Boris, 24, 34, 35, 36, 37, 23In 147;
criticism of Solov’ev, 236nl90
Choi Kwanheul, 201
Chung Ho-Sang, 205
Church of England. See Anglican Church
INDEX 303
Church reform. See Russian Orthodox Church,
reform movement
Civic Chamber, 193, 194
civil society, 9, 43,126, 239n209; as Muslim
public sphere in the Volga-Urals region,
160-81 passim; and Russian Orthodox
Church, 142-43, 158
Clay, Eugene, 8, 10
clergy, Muslim, 165,169,170, 175. See also
mullahs
clergy, Russian Orthodox, 9,12,116, 144-45,
146; clerical or ecclesiastical discourse on
freedom of conscience, 81-103 passim;
clerical elections to the Duma, manipu-
lation of, 158; clerical liberalism,” 25, 41,
42; ‘clerical question” and clerical reform,
23-25; diocesan missionaries and, 143, 148,
150; in interfaith relations, 151-57; material
support for, 144-45; “mission to the intel-
ligentsia,” 33; and parish schools, 147; as
pastors, 24-25; required to report antigov-
ernment sentiments heard in confession,
12, 114; state regulation of sermons, 144,
153; views on toleration, 151-52; voluntary
associations and, 142,150-51. See also par-
ishes and parishioners, Russian Orthodox;
pastors and pastoral movement; Petrov
Clifford, John, 131-32
Coleman, Heather, 2, 8, 9,147,157
Collingwood, R. G., 3
confessional state order in Russia, 6-7, 10,
104-5,179,181,219n24; overviews of,
124-25,183,186
confessionalism, 47
Congress on Muslim Administration, 166
Conscience: Russian Orthodox clerical under-
standing of, 86-87, 94
Constant, Benjamin, 74, 76
Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993),
188, 189,211
Consultative Council of the Heads of Protestant
Churches of Russia, 203
Council for Affairs of Religious Cults (1944),
187
Council for Cooperation with Religious Asso-
ciations, 193
Council for Russian Orthodox Church Affairs
(1943), 187
Council of Churches of Evangelical Christian-
Baptists, 188
Crews, Robert, 6, 64,161, 183
Crimea, 166,167,176, 179
Crimean War, 90
Cromwell, Oliver: Tatishchevs views of, 59
Crouch, Paul, 204
Cunningham, James, 40
Cyprian of Carthage, St., 99
Cyril, Old Believer Metropolitan, 118
Dal’, Vladimir: definitions of Russian terms for
“toleration,” 48-49
Dalai Lama, 196, 212
Dashi Choinkhorlin Buddhist University, 193
Daviduvich, Mustafa Mirza, 167
deaconess: Russian Orthodox office of, 20
Decembrist movement, 73-75
Diamond Way Buddhism. See Russian Asso-
ciation of Buddhists of the Diamond Way
Karma Kagyu Tradition
Diderot, Denis, 72
Dillon, E. J., 122, 135,136-37
Din Maqsudi, Sadr al-, 168, 169
diocesan missionaries (Russian Orthodox), 9,
142- 59 passim; and Baptists in Mytishch,
155-56; congresses of, 149, 150, 154,
280n74; establishment of, 148; response to
imperial decree of 17 April 1905,154; use
of police enforcement, 156; xenophobia
of, 157
dioceses: Kiev, 145; Minsk, 145; Moscow,
143- 44, 145, 147, 150; Podolsk, 145; Riga,
145; Tver, 143-44, 146, 147, 150
divine humanity. See Godmanhood
Dorje, Rangjung Rigpe, Karmapa (spiritual
leader of the Karma Kagyu lineage), 194
Dostoevskii, Fedor, 13,14,31-32
Drozdov. See Filaret
Dukhobors, 121, 139
Duma, Russian State, 30, 142,152, 157; Mus-
lim deputies, 165, 167, 168, 169, 173, 177
Durkheim, Emile, 2, 189
Dutch Republic, 47
ecclesiastical education in Russia: 1814 reform
of, 21-22
Edict of Nantes, revocation of, 48, 198
education: as purpose and activity of Or-
thodox brotherhoods, associations, and
parish trusteeships, 145, 146, 147. See also
parish schools
Education Act (British, 1902), 132
Eichmann, Adolf, 75
1848 revolutions, 107
Ekman, Ulf, 204
Elizabeth, Russian empress: recognizes Bud-
dhism, 191
Engelstein, Laura, 6,109
Enlightenment, Western, 35, 45, 75, 76, 77;
historiography on and toleration, 46-48,
78, 79
European Baptist Congress (Berlin, 1908),
130, 133
European Court of Human Rights, 212
evangelicalism: liberalism and religious
freedom and, 9, 121-41 passim. See also
All-Union Council of Evangelical Chris-
tians and Baptists (AUCECB), Russian
Associated Union of Christians of the
Evangelical Faith (Pentecostals), Russian
Church of Christians of the Evangelical
Faith, stundists and stundism, Union of
Evangelical Reformed Churches
Evangelical Alliance, 126, 127-29, 131,132,
138
Evlogii (Georgievskii), Metropolitan, 152
Fabian socialists, 137
Faggionato, Raffaela, 67
faith, 1-3, 11,12, 16; and icons, 17-20;
Philaleth condemns coercion over, 51-52;
among Russian Marxists-turned-idealists,
38-39; Slavophile understanding of, 14; in
Russian theological academies, 22. See also
religious experience
famine in Russia (1892), 133
Fedor (Bukharev), Archimandrite, 29
Filangieri, Gaetano, 75
Filaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan, 4,21-22, 88,
92, 93, 95
Fincke, Roger, 212
Florenskii, Pavel, 18
Florovsky, Georges, Fr., 21-22
Foglesong, David S., 122
Foucault, Michel, 79
Frank, Semen, 38
Frede, Victoria, 8-9
Free Conscience, The (1906 collection in Rus-
sian), 29, 231nl47
Free Russian Press, London, 106, 108
free will, 3, 22-23; Kant on, 217nl0
freedom: core meanings of, 1-4; in Russian
Orthodox ecclesiastical discourse, 88;
Schelling’s concept of, 93-94; womens
religiosity and, 20-21. See also freedom of
conscience, human dignity, human rights,
personhood, religious freedom
freedom of confession, 7,104-20 passim
freedom of conscience, 3-4, 11, 12, 35,104,
105; administrative discourse of, 23-24;
Augustinian rejection of, 26, 29; Chicher-
ins defense of, 24,35,106-7; church
reform as condition of, 33,40; distinct dis-
courses of, 8-10,82,102-3; episcopal con-
servatives oppose, 42,240n226; Evangelical
Alliance defends, 129; “God-seeking”
premised on 31; Herzen and, 106-8; as a
human right, 3, 5,11,12,15, 24, 28, 35,
43, 90; icon veneration and, 17, 20; as
ideal self-determination, 3-4, 28, 37, 43;
and international campaign in defense
of stundists, 123,126, 138, 139, 140, 141;
Archimandrite Ioanns understanding of,
95-102; in Land and Freedom, 104-20
passim; liberal theological approach to, 4,
29; John Stuart Mill on, 104; in Muravevs
constitutionalist thought, 73-74, 76; Mus-
lim-Tatar understanding of, 160-81 pas-
sim; in neo-patristic anthropology in Rus-
sian theological academies, 23; in pastoral
experience, 28; in Philaleth, 51-52, 77;
Problems of Idealism and, 34, 35; in Rad-
ishchev, 68, 76; religious toleration and,
4-7, 45, 48-49, 217-18nnl3-14; among
Russian Marxists-turned-idealists, 38-39;
Russian Orthodox ecclesiastical discourse
INDEX 305
of, 81-103 passim; Russian popular sup-
port for, 239n209; semantics of term, 4, 7,
89, 233nl62; Slavophile defense of, 14-15;
Solov’ev’s defense of, 30,32,36-37; in St.
Petersburg Religious Philosophical As-
semblies, 33-34; Stakhovich calls for, 34;
Struves defense of, 38; in Tareevs theory
of Christian freedom, 22; Terner s defense
of, 230nl35; Lev Tolstois struggle for,
32; tsarist opposition to, 7, 33, 34, 42-43,
241n229; USSR 1990 law on, 182; Valuevs
support for, 24, 90; in Vestnik Evropy,
237nl91; in womens religious experience,
21; in workers’ religious experience, 28,
23In 141. See also liberalism, October
Manifesto, Russian Federation 1997 Law
on Freedom of Conscience and Religious
Associations
freedom of thought, 7, 44,46,114
Freemasonry, 66
Freeze, Gregory, 23-25
French religious policies (early modern), 47-48
Galich, Aleksandr, 94, 96
Gapon, Georgii, Fr., 39
Gasprinsky, Ismail, 166,172,179
Gelug “Yellow Hat” School of Tibetan Bud-
dhism, 190,192,196. See also Dalai Lama,
Tibetan Buddhism
General Assembly of the Presbyterian
Churches of South Korea, 203
German idealism, 28, 34
German settlement of Moscow, 50
Geuss, Raymond, 120
Gibbon, Edward, 46
Gippius, Zinaida, 33
Gleason, Abbott, 105
Godet, Georges, 129
Godmanhood, 30,32,36. See also Solov’ev,
Vladimir
God-seeking, 31,32-33
Godunov, Boris, Russian tsar, 49
Golubinskii, Fedor, Archpriest, 92-93
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 188
Gorchakov, Aleksandr, 128
Govorov, Aleksei, 20,21
Granovskii, Timofei, 243n26
Great Reforms, 142, 145,148; impact on Mus-
lims, 164, 170, 171
Great Schism between Rome and Constanti-
nople, 89
Gregory of Nazianzus, St., 22
Gregory of Nyssa, St., 22
Gregory Palamas, St., 13
Grek, Maksim, 50-51,75,77
Grin, Viktor, 212
Grotius, Hugo, 76
Group of Thirty-Two St. Petersburg Priests, 41
Gumilevskii, A. V. Fr., 26
Hamburg, G. M., 8
Haxthausen, August von, 261nl8
Hedda, Jennifer, 25, 26-27, 28, 29-30, 32, 42
Helsinki Accords, 141
heresy, 6,29, 50, 51, 186; Iavorskyi on 56-57;
Lomonosov opposes heresy trials, 62, 63;
Prokopovich on, 58, 76; Tatishchev’s ap-
proach to, 59
Herrlinger, Page, 27-28
Herzen, Alexander, 18,68,90, 105,118; pairing
of freedom of conscience and of confes-
sion, 106-8; and Serno-
Solov’evich, 111, 112
hesychasm, 13, 16
Holy Synod and synodal system, 19, 24, 58,
146,148, 158; bibie distribution and,
125-26; church reform and, 41, 42; decree
on organization of parish life and pastoral
councils (18 November 1905), 152-53;
and diocesan missionaries, 154-55; estab-
lishment of 11, 12, 34, 84, 144; Iavorskyi
attacks, 57; Prokopovich and, 58, 76
homosexuality, 183, 204
Hope Christian Presbyterian Church, 202,203
Horkheimer, Max, 79
human dignity, 1-3, 4, 11, 25, 34,43; Chicher-
in on, 35, 37; Archimandrite Ioann on,
99; Kant on, 217nl0; Novikov on, 67; in
theological anthropology, 22-23; Solov’ev
on, 36, 37; Speranskii and, 72; in womens
religious experience, 20-21; in workers’
religious experience, 28
306 index
human rights, 3-4, 11,20-21, 44, 46, 77, 90,
141, 182; in Land and Freedom, 114; in
Philaleth, 51-52, 77; in Serno-Solov’evich,
111; in Solov’ev, 37; in Struve, 38. See also
freedom of conscience as a human right
Hume, David, 68
Iannaccone, Laurence, 212
Ianyshev, Ioann, Fr., 233nl62
Iarovaia (Irina) counterterrorism laws, 182, 212
Iavorskyi, Stefan. See Stefan (Iavorskyi), Met-
ropolitan
icons, 15, 16, 17; womens religious experience
and,17-20
ideal self-determination, 3-4, 16, 22-23,
217nl0; Chicherin’s concept of, 35; King-
dom of God as the ideal, 28; in Russian
neo-idealism, 37; Solov’ev’s concept of, 36
idealism. See German idealism, Russian ideal-
ism and neo-idealism
Ignat’ev, A. P., 176
Iliukhinov, Nimazhap, 192
Iliumzhinov, Kirsan, Kalmyk president, 195,
196
Il’minskii, Nikolai, 164
image and likeness of God, 22, 37
imams, 179
Imanquli, Sadiq, 168
India: Anglo-Muhammadan Law of British In-
dia, 172; codification of Sharia, 172
Innokentii (Smirnov), Bishop, 88
intelligentsia, Russian, 8, 31, 32-33, 108; Rus-
sian Orthodox Church’s critique of, 84-85,
95
interfaith relations in Russia, 142-59 passim
International Association of Buddhists of the
Karma Kagyu School, 195
Interreligious Council of Russia, 193
Ioann (Bereslavskii), Fr., 205-10,211
Ioann (Sokolov), Archimandrite, 8,83, 84, 85,
89-93 passim, 95-102
Irenaeus, St., 99
Ishaki, Ayaz, 166
Islam. See Muslims and Islam in Russia
Islamic education. See Muslims and Islam in
Russia
Israel, Jonathan, 46
Itigelov, Dashi-Dorzho (Pandito Khambo
Lama), 192-93,211
Ivan IV, Russian tsar, 49
Izvol’skii, Pavel, 158
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 93
James, William, 1, 2,16, 215n3
Jefferson, Thomas, 74, 76
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 182, 212
Jesus Christ, 50, 51, 54, 56, 91, 140,153, 156,
201; Awakum on, 53; in Archimandrite
Ioanns understanding of freedom of con-
science, 96-101; in Liulevas understand-
ing of womens dignity and rights, 21; in
pastoral work, 25; in Russian Orthodox
ecclesiastical discourse, 81, 88, 89; as the
true path to salvation, 97,120
Jesus prayer, 13
Jews and Judaism: British public support for
plight of Jews in Russia, 138, 273n99;
British restrictions on removed, 127;
Chicherin on, 107; Evangelical Alliance
defends, 128; in Karamzin’s Letters, 70;
in Murav’evs draff constitution, 73; in
Novosil’tsov’s state charter, 72; Pestel’ on,
74-75, 77; pogroms, 133; in Russian con-
fessional state order, 186; in the Russian
Empire, 55, 57,63,64, 77,105,121; in
Russian Federation, 182,189, 202
John of Kronstadt, Fr.. See Sergiev, Ioann, Fr.
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 47
Kalmyks and Kalmyk Republic, 183,191,
194, 195
Kant and Kantianism, 34, 93, 215n5,
227nl00, 237nl95; conception of au-
tonomy and dignity, 35, 36, 38, 217nl0,
235nl83, 236nl88; in Karamzins Letters,
71
Kaplan, Benjamin, 47
Kapqayif, Tnayat Allah, Qadi, 167, 170
Kapterev, Nikolai, 53
Karamzin, Nikolai, 49, 50, 68, 70, 76, 77, 78
Karelians, 198
Karimi, Fatih, 168
INDEX 307
Karma Kagyu Buddhism. See Russian Associ-
ation of Buddhists of the Diamond Way
Karma Kagyu Tradition
Karmapa International Buddhist Institute, 194
Kashirskii, Evgenii, 201
Kazakhs and Kazakh steppe, 166,167,179,180;
territorial jurisdiction of Orenburg Mo-
hammedan Spiritual Assembly, 161,162,
175-78, 179
Kazan, 49, 50
Kazan Tatars: election of qadis from among,
163,164
Kazan Theological Academy, 29, 83, 90, 92
Kazem-Bek, Mirza Alexander, 171
Kelsiev, Vasilii, 105,106, 111, 112,120; defense
of freedom of confession, 108-10; Ogarev
and, 116; Old Believers and, 110
Kennan, George, 133
Kenworthy, Scott, 15,16,17, 28
Khomiakov, Aleksei, 14, 15,91,256n44
Khoruzhii, S. S., 15
Khrushchev, Nikita, 188
Kingdom of God, 16,21,41, 81,96; as ideal of
“Christian politics,” 31; as ideal of liberal
theology, 28-29, 30; as ideal of pastoral
movement, 25,27, 28; for Solov’ev, 31, 36
Kireevskaia, Natalia, 14
Kireevskii, Ivan, 14, 18,91
Kirill (Gundiaev), Patriarch, 159
Kizenko, Nadieszda, 26
Koibagarov, Aleksandr, 196
Kolmynin, Viktor, 204
Kolokol (journal), 106,108, 111, 116,118
Korean Presbyterian missionaries. See mission-
ary work and missionaries in Russia
Kotliarevskii, Sergei, 231nl47, 233nl63
Kudriavtsev-Platonov, V. D., 227nl00, 227nl03
Lactantius, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus, 99
Lamaism, 186
Land and Freedom (Russian revolutionary
group), 8, 104-20 passim
Lappo-Danilevskii, Aleksandr, 51
Latimer, Robert Sloan, 130
Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious
Associations. See Russian Federation Law
on Freedom of Conscience and Religious
Associations (1997)
Leader, The (British radical newspaper), 106
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 62, 76
Leonid (Nagolkin), St., 13
Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole, 122,134
Li Heung-rae, 201
Liberal Party, British, 134, 137, 138
liberalism, 3-4, 9, 11, 12, 30,116, 120; Berdi-
aev’s, 39; Chicherin’s, 24, 35; international
campaign in defense of stundists, 121-41
passim; neo-patristic anthropology and,
23; Petrovs, 30-31; religious history and,
32,38; Russian neo-idealist defense of, 11,
34-40; in Russian revolutionary move-
ment, 106, 109, 111, 113, 116, 117-18,
259n8; Solov’ev’s, 30; Struves, 38, 39
liberal theology, 4, 28-30; contrasted with con-
servative approaches, 26, 29
liberation movement in Russia, 30, 37, 39
Lipsius, Iustus, 61, 76
Liuleva, E., 21
“lived Orthodoxy,” 2-3, 11,25. See also reli-
gious experience, Russian religious revival
Locke, John, 46, 68, 72, 74, 75, 76, 217nl4
Lomax, Elaine, 121
Lomonosov, Mikhail, 61-63, 76
Lopukhin, Aleksandr, 32, 233nl62
Lotman, Iurii, 62
Lutherans and Lutheranism: in interfaith
relations in Russia, 148,158; in Russian
confessional state order, 105, 124,125,186;
Russian views of and policies toward, 49,
50, 56, 58, 76; Russification in the Baltic
provinces and, 128; in the Soviet period,
198
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de, 75
Madariaga, Isabel de, 63, 64
madrasas: 170, 171, 173,180
mahallas, 163, 165, 171,180
Maidar (Buddhist organization), 293n30
majlises (councils), 165, 167,285n33
Makarii (Ivanov), St., 13, 14
makhtabs, 170,171,174, 180
Malia, Martin, 107,108,122
Maqsudi, Sadr al-Din, 168, 169-70
Marcuse, Herbert, 79
Marxists-turned-idealists, Russian, 34, 38
Mary and Marianism, 19-20, 205, 206, 207
Maximus the Confessor, St., 22
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 107,260nl4
Medzhibovskaya, Inessa, 32
Menkin, E. V., 174
Merezhkovskii, Dmitrii, 33
Mervaud, Michel, 117
Methodists, 122, 127,131,202
Michelson, Patrick Lally, 8, 22-23, 39
Mikhail of Chernigov, St., grand prince of Kiev-
an Rus, 66
Miliukov, Pavel, 122
Mill, John Stuart, 44,104, 106, 109, 116,120
Mirabeau: in Karamzins Letters, 70, 76
miracles and the miraculous, 11,17-19. See also
icons, saints’ relics.
missionary work and missionaries in Russia, 182,
183, 188; by Korean Presbyterians, 196,198,
200-201, 203. See also diocesan missionaries
(Russian Orthodox), Presbyterians in Russia
mixed marriages,” 24, 40, 42, 144
monasteries and monasticism, 12,13, 14, 15-17,
20
Mongol invasion of Rus’, 89
monks. See monasteries and monasticism
Montesquieu, 72, 74, 75, 76
Moore, Barrington, 79
Moravians: stundists compared to, 122
Mormons, 109
Morrison, Michael Andrews, 126
Moscow Christian Presbyterian Spiritual Acad-
emy, 201
Moscow Psychological Society, 34, 37, 38
Moscow Theological Academy, 22, 29, 83,148,
227nl00,227nl03; patristic research and
translation program, 23, 92-93
muftis, 160-81 passim, 190; qualifications to
chair Muslim Spiritual Assembly, 161-62,
163-69
Muhammaduf, Hasan *Ata, Qadi, 167, 174
mullahs, 160-81 passim
multiconfessionalism. See confessional state or-
der in Russia
Murav’ev, Nikita, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79,80
Muscovy: toleration and tolerantism in, 49-54
Muslims and Islam in Russia, 6, 9-10,49,50,
55, 57,60, 63, 64, 69, 78; All-Russian Mus-
lim Congress (third), 166,177; education,
170-71; Metropolitan Evlogii on, 152;
imperial administration, 160-81 passim,
163-69, 187; Muslim Spiritual Assemblies,
166-69,174-78, 179,180; Pestel’ on, 74,
80; in Russian confessional state order,
105, 124, 179, 181,186; in Russian Feder-
ation, 182, 189, 190; in the Soviet period,
186,187, 188; in the Volga-Urals region,
160-81 passim. See abo akhunds, imams,
India, Kazakhs and Kazakh steppe, mahal-
las, majliseSy muftis, mullahs, qadis, Quran,
Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual As-
sembly, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turks,
Sharia, Tatar press, Tatars, ulama
mutual aid, 142,146, 158
Naganawa, Norihiro, 9-10
Napoleon III, French emperor, 107
National Liberal Federation, 138
natural law, 51, 52, 59, 60, 76
natural rights. See human rights
Neilson, Keith, 134
Nemchin, Nikolai, 50, 75, 77
New Israel in Russia, 139
new religious consciousness,” 33, 85
Nicholas I, Russian emperor, 83
Nicholas II, Russian emperor, 40, 41, 42, 43,
126, 149, 207; Evangelical Alliance appeals
to, 129
Nichols, Robert, 21
Nicolai, Friedrich: in Karamzins Letters, 70, 71
Nicolas of Cusa, 50
nihilists, Russian: British liberals regard as lib-
eral reformers rather than terrorists, 134
Nikanor (Kamenskii), Bishop, 149
Nikon (Minin) and Nikonian reforms, 50,
52-53, 59, 76, 78
Nikon (Rozhdestvenskii), Bishop, 240n226
Nonconformists and Nonconformism, British,
123, 127, 136, 137, 139, 140
Novgorodtsev, Pavel, 34,233nl63,238n202
INDEX 309
Novikov, Nikolai, 66-67, 76, 77, 78, 79
Novosil’tsov, Nikolai, 72, 74, 77, 78
nuns and women monastics. See monasteries
and monasticism
Nydahl, Ole, 183, 191, 194-96, 211, 212
October Manifesto (1905), 7, 40,126, 151;
Muslim reaction to, 160, 161,177, 178; its
promise of freedom of conscience not en-
acted, 218nl7, 219n22
Ogarev, Nikolai, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112,
116-19,120
Old Belief and Old Believers, 8,48, 186,
264n63; Catherine’s policies towards, 63; in
interfaith relations in Russia, 147, 148, 150,
152, 158; Leroy-
Beaulieu on, 134; Lomonosov and, 61-62;
marriages recognized, 146; in Moscow
and Tver, 143; origins and early history of,
52-53, 78, 89; Peters policies towards, 55;
Polotskii’s response to, 54, 76; Pososhkov’s
attacks on 56; Russian revolutionary move-
ment and, 90, 104-20 passim; Shchapov’s
interpretation of, 90. See also Awakum;
Nikon (Minin) and Nikonian reforms
Optina Pustyri, 13,14, 15
Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly,
10,63,160-81 passim
ORRP. See Society for the Dissemination of
Moral-Religious Enlightenment in the
Spirit of the Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church of the Sovereign Mother of
God (OCSMG), 10, 182-83, 205-10,211
Osvobozhdenie (newspaper), 39
Otto, Rudolf, 2
Ottoman Empire, 170, 172, 179, 287n74;
American Presbyterian missionaries in,
200; Commission for the Inspections of
Qurans, 173; Evangelical Alliance defends
Christian converts in, 128
Ottoman Turks: Russian views of and policies
toward, 54, 58, 60
“pagans” and “paganism,” 46, 55, 81, 101; in
Russian confessional state order, 186;
Tatishchev on, 59,60
Pahlen, Konstantin, 172
Paisii I, Greek Patriarch, 53, 76
Paisii (Velichkovskii), St., 13,14
Pak, Viktor, 202
Palamas. See Gregory Palamas.
Pale of Settlement, 63, 64, 77
Paleostrovskii Monastery, 52
Palmerston, Lord (Henry John Temple, 3rd
Viscount Palmerston), 97
Pandito Khambo Lama, office of, 191
Papkov, Aleksandr, 145
parishes and parishioners, Russian Orthodox,
9, 25, 26, 145; diocesan missionaries in,
149; in interfaith relations, 147-48; parish
councils, 153; parish trusteeships, 143-44,
146
parish schools, 146-47
Pashkov, Vasilii, and Pashkovism, 27, 33,124
pastors and pastoral movement, 25-31, 33,
39-40, 41, 83-84; as “internal mission,”
151; pastoral councils, 153
pastoral theology, 28-30
patristics, 22-23
Pavskii, Gerasim, Fr., 22
peasant sectarians and dissenters, Russian,
8-9,122,186; as liberal subjects, 134-36;
Russian revolutionary movement seeks to
mobilize, 104-20 passim. See also stundists
and stundism
Pease, Edward R., 138
Penn, William, 217nl4
Pentecostals and Pentecostalism, 198, 201-2,
203, 204, 205,211
Persia: American Presbyterian missionaries in,
200; Evangelical Alliance defends Chris-
tian converts in, 128
personhood, 1-3, 4, 34-35, 37. See also human
dignity
Peste!’, Pavel, 74-75, 76, 77, 79, 80
Peter I, Russian emperor: church-state re-
lations, system of, 11,12,31, 34, 45;
Prokopovich and, 58; religious policies,
55-56, 198; Tatishchev and 59; toleration
in Petrine and post-Petrine policy and
thought, 55-63, passim
Petrov, Awakum, Fr.. See Awakum
310 INDEX
Petrov, Grigorii, Fr., 30-31, 41
Philaleth, Chrystophor, 51-52, 56, 77
Philokalidy 13
Pietists and Pietism, 122, 124
pilgrims and pilgrimage, 15, 16, 17, 225n80
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin. P., 12, 32, 41,126,
164; letter to Evangelical Alliance, 128-29,
131; on parish schools, 146; on Russian
Baptists, 125; Stead critical of, 136; suspi-
cion of bishops’ congresses, 148-49
Pokrovskii, Nikolai, 52
Polianskii, Fr., 148, 154
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 51-52, 75;
establishment of Orthodox brotherhoods
in, 145
Polish uprising of 1863, 114, 115, 118
Polotskii, Simeon, 54, 76
Polunov, Alexander, 128
positivism, 31, 34, 38
Pososhkov, Ivan, 56, 76
Possevino, Antoniio, 49
Prelooker, JaakofF, 139,140
Presbyterian Church (USA), 204
Presbyterians in Russia, 10, 182, 183, 196,
198-205,211-12
priests, Russian Orthodox. See clergy, Russian
Orthodox
privatization program in Russian Federation,
182
Problems of Idealism, 34, 35, 38, 238n204,
239n208
Prokhanov, Ivan, 131
Prokopovich, Feofan, 57-58, 76
Protasov, N. A., 12
Protestants and Protestantism, 48, 81, 93, 109,
110,151,183, 252n6; history of in Russia,
198, 200-201, 211; and imperial decree of
17 April 1905,151; international sympathy
for stundists, 121-41 passim; and public
life and culture in Great Britain and the
United States, 122; and religious liberty,
121-41 passim; in Russian Federation, 189,
198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 211-12; in
the Soviet period, 188. See also All-Union
Council of Evangelical Christians and Bap-
tists, All-Union Council of Seventh-Day
Adventists, Baptists and Baptist church,
Calvinists in Russia, evangelicalism, Lu-
therans and Lutheranism, Presbyterians in
Russia, stundists and stundism
Pugachev rebellion, 63
Pussy Riot, 159
Pustosviat, Nikita, 52
Putin, Vladimir, Russian president, 189, 192,
193, 205, 208, 209
Pypin, Aleksandr, 237nl91
qadis, 170, 171, 176, 180; qualifications for
deputy chair of Muslim Spiritual Assembly,
161-62,163-69
Qaratayif, Bakht Jan, 177, 178
Quakers, 122,127, 138, 270n52
Quran, 162, 170, 171, 172; printing and circula-
tion of, 173-74, 180
Radishchev, Aleksandr, 67-68, 77, 78, 79
Radstock, Lord, 27, 33
Rahmanquli, Ahmad Hajjl, 175
Razin, Stenka, Tatishchev on, 60
Regulations on the Religious Affairs of Foreign
Faiths, 163, 164
Reisner, Mikhail, 6, 218nl9
relics. See saints’ relics,
religion: Bulgakov’s concept of, 1-2; Galichs
Schellingian notion of, 94; Archimandrites
Ioanns understanding of, 95-97; as a lens
for Western perceptions of Russia, 122;
Pavskiis concept of, 22; Philaleth’s concept
of, 51-52; Reisner s understanding of, 6;
and workers’ wondering and searching, 28.
See also faith, religious experience
Religious Disabilities Act (Great Britain), 127
religious experience, 1-3,4, 16,43; Bulgakov
on Schleiermacher’s and Kant’s conception
of, 215n5; icons and, 17-20; monastic,
15-17; pastoral, 25-27, 28; philokalic, 13;
among Russian Marxists-turned-idealists,
38- 39; in Russian liberation movement,
39- 40; in Russian theological academies,
21-22; Slavophiles and, 14-15, 223n66;
in Solov’ev’s Justification of the Good,
237nl98; womens, 19-21; workers’, 27-28.
See also: ‘lived Orthodoxy,” Russian reli-
gious revival
religious freedom, 1-4; America seen as model
for, 32, 233nl63; evangelical Christianity
and, 121-41 passim; John Stuart Mill on,
44; meanings of in Russia, 4-11, 87-88,
89, 189; Muslim Tatar understanding of,
160-81 passim; in Russian Federation
since 1997, 182-213 passim; in Russian
liberation movement, 39-40; Solov’evs
advocacy of in Russian Empire, 36; in St.
Petersburg Religious -
Philosophical Assemblies, 33; USSR and
RSFSR 1990 laws on, 182, 188, 213; in
Vestnik Evropy, 237nl91. See also freedom
of conscience, religious toleration, Russian
Federation Law on Freedom of Conscience
and Religious Associations (1997)
religious intolerance: diocesan missionaries
and, 143; attributed to Russian Orthodoxy,
142
religious toleration, 4-7, 8, 9,10, 44-80 passim,
89, 104-5; in the Dutch Republic, 47; in
the Habsburg lands, 47-48; in Muscovy,
49-54; Muslim-Christian convivencia in
Iberia, 47; in Petrine and post-Petrine poli-
cy and thought, 55-63; in the Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth, 51-52; as-
cribed to the Roman Empire, 46; in Russia
under Alexander II, 71-75; in Russia
under Catherine II, 63-71; in the Russian
lexicon, 48-49; in South Asia, 44. See also
confessional state order in Russia; Edict
of Nantes, revocation of; Russian imperial
decree of 12 December 1904; Russian im-
perial decree of 17 April 1905
Revolution of 1905, 5-6, 7,11, 30, 31, 39, 43,
160; Volga-Urals Muslims and, 164-65. See
also October Manifesto.
revolutionary movement and revolutionaries,
Russian, 104-20 passim, 149; British liber-
als regard as liberal reformers rather than
terrorists, 134, 137-38; liberal ideas in,
106, 109, 111, 113,116, 117-18, 259n8. See
also: Land and Freedom
Riakhovskii, Sergei, 202, 203
Ridâ’ al-Dîn b. Fakhr al-Dîn, 161,165, 170,
172, 177
Roman Catholics and Roman Catholicism:
British persecution of, 136; British restric-
tions on removed, 127; Catherines policies
toward, 63-64; Evangelical Alliance sup-
ports rights of in Japan, 128; in inter faith
relations in Russia, 148, 158; Kels’sievon,
109, 110; Orthodox brotherhoods recreat-
ed to resist influence of, 145; Prokopovich
attacks, 57-58; in Russian confessional
state order, 105, 124, 186; in Russian Fed-
eration, 189; Russian Orthodox parish
schools and, 147; Russian views of and pol-
icies toward, 49, 51, 52, 55, 70, 74; in Soviet
period, 188; Tatishchev on 59
Romanov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Grand
Duke, 207
Rosicrucianism, 67,76
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 68, 69, 76
Ruge, Arnold, 260nl4
Russian Associated Union of Christians of the
Evangelical Faith (Pentecostals), 201, 203
Russian Association of Buddhists of the Dia-
mond Way Karma Kagyu Tradition, 183,
190-91, 194-96, 203
Russian Bible Society, 125
Russian Church of Christians of the Evangelical
Faith, 202
Russian Federation Law on Freedom of Con-
science and Religious Associations (1997),
10,159, 210-13; establishes hierarchy
among religions, 188-90; favors “tradition-
al” religions of Russia, 182,183; and Or-
thodox Church of the Sovereign Mother of
God, 205, 207; and prerevolutionary con-
fessional state order, 183, 186; and Pres-
byterians, 198, 201, 202-5; and Russian
Association of Buddhists of the Diamond
Way Karma Kagyu Tradition, 196
Russian idealism and neo-idealism, 4,11,21,
30, 34-39, 43, 215n5; conception of human
nature, 37
Russian imperial decree of 12 December 1904,
40, 160, 175
Russian imperial decree of 18 February 1905,160
312 ÍNDEX
Russian imperial decree of 17 April 1905, 41,
143,151, 152, 153, 154; Muslim reaction
to, 160,174, 176,177,178
Russian imperial decree of 25 June 1916 on
labor conscription, 178
Russian Orthodoxy, 11-12, 43; intolerance
and chauvinism, alleged, 142; interfaith
relations, 142-59 passim. See also “lived
Orthodoxy,” Russian Orthodox Church,
Russian religious revival
Russian Orthodox Church, 11-12, 19, 39,
42, 81-83; Council (Sobor), 20, 41, 42,
231nl47; in ideology of Russian autocracy
and nationality, 42-43, 81; in Karamzins
Letters, 71; Moscow Patriarchate, 183-85,
206, 207, 210; in Novosil’tsovs state char-
ter, 72; “Orthodox patriotism” in, 143, 149,
153; reform movement, 31, 33, 40-43, 84,
90,102; “restorationist consciousness”
among educated clergy, 84,91-95 passim,
101; in Russian confessional state order, 6,
7, 124-25,144, 186; in Russian Federation,
182, 183, 188, 189,190; Shcherbatovs
views of, 69; social and institutional net-
work of (voluntary associations within),
142; under the Soviet regime, 186-87, 188,
206; state protection of, 142, 143, 144, 152,
159; Valuevs report on condition of, 24;
women and, 20. See also: clergy, Russian
Orthodox; Holy Synod and synodal system
Russian religious-philosophical renaissance, 12,
31-33, 34,38, 39
Russian religious revival: experiential nature of,
11, 12, 22, 27,40, 43; icons and their ven-
eration, 17-20; monastic revival, 15-17;
ORRP in, 27, 32; parish clergy and pastoral
movement in, 23,25-28,40; philokalic
foundations, 13; religious-philosophical
renaissance and 31, 43; Russian liberation
movement and, 39-40; Slavophiles in, 14;
theological academies in, 21; women in,
20-21
Russian Silver Age, 31
Safonov, Aleksandr, 6-7
Saillens, R. A., Pastor, 133
saints’ relics, 15,17
salvation, 29, 30, 36, 81,120
Samaev, Danzan-Khaibzun (Fedor), 192
Samarin, Iurii, 14-15
Saunders, David, 139
Savonarola, Girolamo, 50-51
Scarborough, Daniel, 9
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von,
93-94
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 215n5
sectarianism, Russian, 186; official Orthodoxy’s
struggle against, 148, 149, 150, 151. See
also peasant sectarians and dissenters
secularism, 45-46, 78
Sen, Amartya, 44
Serafim (monarchist myth), 207-8
Serafim of Sarov, St. 13
Sergei/Sergii (Stragorodskii), Patriarch, 33, 34,
40, 187, 206
Sergiev, Ioann, Fr., 26, 225n76
Serno-Solovevich, Nikolai, 105, 106, 110,
111-13, 116,119,120
Seventh-Day Adventists, 188, 190, 198, 203
Shakespeare, J. H., Rev., 130
Sharia, 163, 175,176,177; codification of 170,
171-73, 179, 180
Shaw, Caroline Emily, 134
Shchapov, Afanasii, 90
Shcherbatov, Mikhail, 68-69, 76,77,78
Sheikh Mansur rebellion, 64
Shevzov, Vera, 11-12, 17-20
Simferopol’, Muslim spiritual assembly in, 161
skoptsy, 80, 218nl8
Skvortsov, V. M., 33, 149,153,157-58
Slavophilism, 14-15, 34, 91, 92, 93, 256n44
Slonimskii, Leonid, 237nl91
Smith, Adam, 75
Smith, Henry, Rev., 131
Sobor: See Russian Orthodox Church, Council
Social Gospel, 29, 231nl44
Society for the Dissemination of Moral-Reli-
gious Enlightenment in the Spirit of the
Orthodox Church (ORRP), 26, 27, 30, 32,
33,41
Society for the Promotion of Russian Reforma-
tion, 139
Society of Friends of Russian Freedom (SFRF),
137-39
Soliarsky, Pavel, 23
Sollertinskii, Sergei, 30
Solovetskii Monastery, 52
Solov’ev, Vladimir: defense of freedom of con-
science, 36-37; in The Free Conscience,
231nl47; liberal theology of, 29, 30, 31, 32;
influence on Problems of Idealism, 34-35;
Struve and, 38.
Sophia, regent of Russia, 52,198
“Sovereign” icon of the Theotokos, 207
Soviet antireligious policies, 186-88, 191, 195,
201
Speranskii, Mikhail, 71-72,74,76,77, 78, 87
Spinoza, Baruch, 46, 68, 76, 93, 217nl4
spiritual academies. See theological academies
Spiritual Administration of Buddhists of the
Russian Federation, 293n30
Spiritual Christians, 186
spiritual elders and eldership, 13,14, 15,16, 17,
22
Spiritual Regulation, 11-12,13, 57, 58, 84, 91
St. Petersburg Religious-Philosophical Assem-
blies, 33-34, 41, 85
St. Petersburg Theological Academy, 21,22,
26-27,30, 33,41,83, 95
Stakhovich, Mikhail, 34
Stalin, Joseph, 187
starchestvo and startsy. See spiritual elders and
eldership
Stasiulevich, Mikhail, 237nl91
Stead, W. T., 9, 122, 136, 137,139
Stefan (Iavorskyi), Metropolitan, 56-57, 62, 76,
88
Steinberg, Mark, 3, 27-28
Steltzer, Christian Julius Ludwig, 74
Stepniak-Kravchinskii, Sergei, 122, 137-38
Stolypin, Peter, 186
Stragorodskii. See Sergei/Sergii (Stragorodskii),
Patriarch
Stretton, Hesba, 121,138, 139
Strickland, John, 9,143, 149,153-54
Struve, Peter, 34, 37-38, 233nl63; “Great Russia”
(1908), 238n201
stundists and stundism, 9,121-41 passim;
emergence of and place within Russian
confessional state order, 124-25; as focus
of evangelical Christian/Protestant inter-
national cooperation for religious liberty,
127-33; as liberal subjects, 133-41
Sultanov, Mukhamed’iar, Mufti, 164, 165, 167,
168, 170, 171, 173
svoboda sovesti. See freedom of conscience
Svobodnaia sovest’: Literaturno-filosofskii
sbornik. See Free Conscience, The
Tacitus, 61, 76
Tafkilif, Qutlugh Muhammad, 168
Tareev, Mikhail, 22
Tarjumani, Kashshaf, Mullah, 166
Tatar press, 160-81 passim
Tatars, 66, 74, 78,160-81 passim
Tatishchev, Vasilii, 58-61, 62, 76, 78
Taylor, Charles, 45
Tepkin, Luvsan-Sharap (Shajin Lama), 195
Terner, Fedor, 230nl35
terrorism, Russian revolutionary, 137, 139. See
also anarchists; nihilists; revolutionary
movement and revolutionaries, Russian;
Stepniak-Kravchinskii, Sergei
Tertullian, 99
Test and Corporation Acts (Great Britain), 127
Tevkelev, Salim-Girei, 164
theology, liberal. See liberal theology
theological academies, Russian, 18, 21-22, 26,
92-93; patristic translation and research
program in, 22-23,92. See also Kazan
Theological Academy, Moscow Theolog-
ical Academy, St. Petersburg Theological
Academy
theosis (deification), 13, 16, 22, 23, 32
Thorkildsen, Dag, 127
Tibetan Buddhism, 186, 190,191, 192,194
Tiflis, Muslim spiritual assembly in, 161
Tikhon (Bellavin), St., Patriarch, 206, 207
Tikhon of Zadonsk, St., 88
toleration. See religious toleration.
Tolstoi, Dmitrii, 24
Tolstoi, Lev, 32, 34, 156
. .“totalitarian destructive cults,” 183, 192
¡Transcaucasia, 165,174,179
314 IN HEX
Trinity Broadcasting Network, 204
Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, 15, 17
Trubetskoi, Evgenii, 41
Trubetskoi, Sergei, 37
True and Free Seventh-Day Adventists, 188
True Orthodox Church, 205, 206, 207, 210
Tsybikov, Munko (Pandito Khamba Lama), 191
Tukhaev, Shakir, 165, 177
Turkestan, 161, 166, 167, 172, 176, 179
Tuvans, 191
Ukraine and Ukrainians, 13, 58, 124; and
stundists and stundism, 121, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126, 267nl9, 270n54. See also Uniate
Church
‘ulama, 160-81 passim
Ulan-Ude Christian Presbyterian Church, 203,
204
Uniate Church, 121; PesteP on, 74; Prokopo-
vich on, 58
Union of Christian Presbyterian Churches in
Russia, 201, 202, 203, 204
Union of Church Renovation, 41-42
Union of Evangelical Reformed Churches, 201
United Russia Party, 206, 208, 209
Vadkovskii. See Antonii (Vadkovskii), Metro-
politan
Vaisov, ‘Inan al-Din, 174
Valliere, Paul, 4, 22, 35
Valuev, Petr, 24, 90, 164
Varzhanskii, diocesan missionary, 155-57
Velichkovskii. See Paisii (Velichkovskii)
Veniamin (Pushkar1), Bishop of Vladivostok,
204
Vestnik Evropy, 5, 36, 141, 237nl91
virtue; Novikov on, 67; Solov’ev on, 37,
237nl95; Tatishchev on, 59
Vladimir, St., grand prince and ruler of Kievan
Rus’, 66, 89
Vogt, Carl, 107
Volga-Urals Muslims, 160-81 passim
Voikonskii, S. M., 33, 34
Voltaire, 46, 63, 66, 68, 76, 118; benign view
of Peters religious policies, 55, 56; in
Karamzins Letters, 70-71
voluntary associations, Russian Orthodox,
142-43, 146,148, 150-51, 158. See also
brotherhoods, Russian Orthodox
Volynskoi, Artemii, 58,61, 62, 76
Vostorgov, Ioann, Fr., 158
Vysheslavtsev, Boris, 231nl47
Wagner, William, 20-21
Waldegrade, Granville. See Radslock, Lord
Waldron, Peter, 5-6
Wallace, Donald Mackenzie, 122, 134
Watson, Robert Spence, 138, 139
Werth, Paul, 7, 8, 9, 12, 95, 124, 141
Westernizers, 34
Williams, Roger, 38, 217nl4
Wirtschafter, Elise, 80
Witte, Sergei, 40-41, 165
Wokler, Robert, 80
Wolff, Robert Paul, 120
womens religious experience. See religious
experience, womens; monasteries and
monasticism
workers’ religious experience. See religious ex-
perience, workers’
Yeltsin, Boris, Russian president, 193
Zagorin, Perez, 217nl4
Zaiev, Damba Darzha (Pandito Khambo
Lama), 193
Zakharovich, Filaret, Old Believer Archdeacon,
118
zemstvos, 117, 156, 171, 174
Zen Buddhism, 3 92
Zenkovsky, W., 14
Zernov, Nicolas, 38-39
Zosimova Hemitage, 39
(Bayertscha
StMtsbibUottwk
MGncben
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| spelling | Religious freedom in modern Russia edited by Randall A. Poole and Paul W. Werth Pittsburgh, Pa. University of Pittsburgh Press [2018] © 2018 314 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PITT series in Russian and East European studies Kritika historical studies Geschichte 1520- gnd rswk-swf Religionsfreiheit (DE-588)4125186-6 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Religion and state / Russia Religion and state / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Religion Religion Religion and state Russia Russia (Federation) (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Religionsfreiheit (DE-588)4125186-6 s Geschichte 1520- z DE-604 Poole, Randall A. 1964- (DE-588)13183696X edt Werth, Paul W. 1968- (DE-588)13049710X edt Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030786199&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030786199&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125186-6 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Religious freedom in modern Russia |
| title_auth | Religious freedom in modern Russia |
| title_exact_search | Religious freedom in modern Russia |
| title_full | Religious freedom in modern Russia edited by Randall A. Poole and Paul W. Werth |
| title_fullStr | Religious freedom in modern Russia edited by Randall A. Poole and Paul W. Werth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Religious freedom in modern Russia edited by Randall A. Poole and Paul W. Werth |
| title_short | Religious freedom in modern Russia |
| title_sort | religious freedom in modern russia |
| topic | Religionsfreiheit (DE-588)4125186-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Religionsfreiheit Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
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