Essentials of epidemiology in public health:
" Successfully tested in the authors' courses at Boston University and Harvard University, Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth Edition combines theory and practice in presenting traditional and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters co...
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Burlington, MA
Jones & Bartlett Learning
[2020]
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| Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Zusammenfassung: | " Successfully tested in the authors' courses at Boston University and Harvard University, Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth Edition combines theory and practice in presenting traditional and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters covering the basic epidemiologic concepts and data sources. A major emphasis is placed on study design, with separate chapters devoted to each of the three main analytic designs: experimental, cohort, and case-control studies. Full chapters on bias, confounding, and random error, including the role of statistics in epidemiology, ensure that students are well-equipped with the necessary information to interpret the results of epidemiologic studies. An entire chapter is also devoted to the concept of effect measure modification, an often-neglected topic in introductory textbooks. Up-to-date examples from the epidemiologic literature on diseases of public health importance are provided throughout the book. The Fourth Edition retains its familiar 17-chapter structure but adds some important updates: Updated statistics and data throughout. Descriptions of recent infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola and Zika in the chapter on Descriptive Epidemiology. More information on investigating infectious disease outbreaks. Examples used to illustrate epidemiological principles have been updated and add greater emphasis on social factors that influence health. Straightforward descriptions of the latest epidemiologic methods including mediation analysis, agent-based modelling, and the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to assess confounding. New figures and graphs to llustrate epidemiologic principles. More information and links to on-line resources in the chapter on Sources of Public Health Data. More subheadings and improved readability. Five to ten new questions in each set of chapter questions, many of which involve critical thinking and/or calculations to help students achieve a greater depth of understanding. Enhanced and updated instructor support materials "... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 528 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781284128352 |
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| 520 | |a " Successfully tested in the authors' courses at Boston University and Harvard University, Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth Edition combines theory and practice in presenting traditional and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters covering the basic epidemiologic concepts and data sources. A major emphasis is placed on study design, with separate chapters devoted to each of the three main analytic designs: experimental, cohort, and case-control studies. Full chapters on bias, confounding, and random error, including the role of statistics in epidemiology, ensure that students are well-equipped with the necessary information to interpret the results of epidemiologic studies. An entire chapter is also devoted to the concept of effect measure modification, an often-neglected topic in introductory textbooks. | ||
| 520 | |a Up-to-date examples from the epidemiologic literature on diseases of public health importance are provided throughout the book. The Fourth Edition retains its familiar 17-chapter structure but adds some important updates: Updated statistics and data throughout. Descriptions of recent infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola and Zika in the chapter on Descriptive Epidemiology. More information on investigating infectious disease outbreaks. Examples used to illustrate epidemiological principles have been updated and add greater emphasis on social factors that influence health. Straightforward descriptions of the latest epidemiologic methods including mediation analysis, agent-based modelling, and the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to assess confounding. New figures and graphs to llustrate epidemiologic principles. More information and links to on-line resources in the chapter on Sources of Public Health Data. More subheadings and improved readability. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface............................................................................. vii Acknowledgments..........................................................xi Chapter 3 Comparing Disease Frequencies............................. 57 Introduction.............................................................. 57 Chapter 1 The Approach and Evolution of Epidemiology........................ 1 Data Organization....................................................58 Measures of Comparison....................................... 61 Introduction.................................................................1 Direct Standardization.............................................69 Definition and Goals of Public Health..................... 2 Summary................................................................... 72 Sources of Scientific Knowledge in Public Health. .3 References................................................................73 Definition and Objectives of Epidemiology.............5 Chapter Questions.................................................... 73 Historical Development of Epidemiology...............8 Modern Epidemiology............................................. 27 Summary................................................................... 29 References................................................................ 30 Chapter Questions....................................................31 Chapter 2 Measures of Disease Frequency................................. 33 Chapter 4 Sources of Public Health Data............................. 77
Introduction.............................................................. 77 Census of the U.S. Population................................. 78 Vital Statistics............................................................ 79 National Survey of Family Growth.......................... 84 National Health Interview Survey.......................... 84 Introduction.............................................................. 33 Definition of a Population........................................ 34 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey............................................. 85 Definitions of Health and Disease.......................... 36 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System...........85 Changes in Disease Definitions..............................37 National Health Care Surveys................................. 86 Measuring Disease Occurrence..............................39 National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System............................................. 87 Types of Calculations: Ratios, Proportions, and Rates........................................40 Surveillance of HIV Infection...................................87 Measures of Disease Frequency............................. 41 Reproductive Health Statistics............................... 88 Commonly Used Measures of Disease Frequency In Public Health................................. 51 Summary................................................................... 52 References................................................................ 53 Chapter
Questions.................................................... 54 National Immunization Survey............................... 89 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.........................................................89 National Survey on Drug Use and Health............................................................ 90 iii
¡V Contents Air Quality System................................................. 90 Overview of Case-Control Studies..................... 163 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program......................................... 91 When Is It Desirable to Use a Particular Study Design?.................................. 168 Birth Defects Surveillance and Research Programs.................................... 91 OtherTypes of Studies.........................................170 Health, United States.............................................. 92 References...........................................................178 Demographic Yearbook.........................................92 Chapter Questions............................................... 179 Summary.............................................................. 177 World Health Statistics............................................ 92 Cancer Incidence on Five Continents.................. 93 Chapter 7 Experimental Studies............ 181 Other Resources.................................................... 93 Introduction....................................................... 181 Summary................................................................ 94 Overview of Experimental Studies..................... 182 References.............................................................96 Types of Experimental Studies............................185 Chapter Questions................................................. 97 Study Population............................................... 190 Sample
Size....................................................... 191 Chapter 5 Descriptive Epidemiology .... 99 Consent Process.................................................. 192 Introduction...........................................................99 Treatment Assignment....................................... 192 Person...................................................................100 Use of the Placebo and Masking........................ 196 Place.....................................................................102 Time...................................................................... 104 Maintenance and Assessment of Compliance.................................................197 Disease Clusters and Epidemics.......................... 105 Ascertaining the Outcomes................................ 200 Ebola Outbreak and Its Investigation.................. 110 Data Analysis.......................................................202 Uses of Descriptive Epidemiology.......................116 Generalizability................................................... 205 Generating Hypotheses About Causal Relationships....................................... 116 Special Issues in Experimental Studies.............. 205 Public Health Planning and Evaluation....................................................... 117 References.......................................................... 207 Example: Patterns of Mortality in the United States According to Age............118 Overall Pattern of Mortality............................... 121 Examples: Three Important Causes of Morbidity
in the United States....................129 Summary............................................................ 144 References ......................................................... 145 Chapter Questions............................................... 150 Chapter 6 Overview of Epidemiological Study Designs.......................153 Summary............................................................. 207 Chapter Questions...............................................209 Chapter 8 Cohort Studies.......................211 Introduction........................................................ 211 Cohort Study Definitions and Overview.............212 Types of Populations Studied.............................213 Characterization of Exposure.............................. 215 Follow-Up and Outcome Assessment..................................................... 215 Timing of Cohort Studies................................... 216 Issues in the Selection of Cohort Study Populations........................................... 218 Introduction....................................................... 153 Sources of Information...................................... 224 Overview of Experimental Studies..................... 156 Analysis of Cohort Studies..................................229 Overview of Cohort Studies................................ 159 Special Types of Cohort Studies..........................231
Contents v Strengths and Limitations of Cohort Studies................................................... 232 Controlling for Confounding in the Analysis................................................... 305 Summary................................................................ 233 Residual Confounding...........................................309 References............................................................. 234 Assessment of Mediation......................................310 Chapter Questions................................................. 235 Summary.................................................................311 Chapter 9 Case-Control Studies.............237 References ............................................................. 312 Chapter Questions................................................. 313 Introduction........................................................... 237 The Changing View of Case-Control Studies... 238 Chapter 12 Random Error.......................315 When Is It Desirable to Use the Case-Control Method?..................................... 242 Introduction............................................................315 Selection of Cases................................................. 244 Selection of Controls............................................ 247 Sources of Exposure Information..........................252 Analysis of Case-Control Studies..........................255 The Case-Crossover Study: A New Type of Case-Control Study................. 258 Applications of Case-Control Studies................. 260 Strengths and
Limitations of Case-Control Studies....................................261 Summary.................................................................262 References............................................................. 263 History of Biostatistics in Public Health............... 316 Precision .................................................................317 Sampling.................................................................319 Hypothesis Testing and P Values..........................320 Confidence Interval Estimation........................... 326 Р-Value Function.....................................................329 Probability Distributions....................................... 330 Hypothesis-Testing Statistics................................ 336 Confidence Intervals for Measures of Disease Frequency and Association............... 339 Sample Size and Power Calculations...................345 Chapter Questions................................................. 265 Summary.................................................................346 Chapter 10 Bias.........................................267 Chapter Questions................................................. 349 References ............................................................. 348 Introduction........................................................... 267 Overview of Bias.....................................................268 Selection Bias..........................................................270 Chapter 13 Effert Measure Modification.........................351 Information
Bias.....................................................278 Introduction............................................................351 Summary.................................................................291 Definitions and Terms for Effect Measure Modification....................................... 352 References............................................................. 292 Chapter Questions................................................. 292 Chapter 11 Confounding.........................295 Effect Measure Modification Versus Confounding.........................................353 Evaluation of Effect Measure Modification........ 354 Introduction........................................................... 295 Synergy and Antagonism......................................359 Definition and Examples of Confounding........ 295 Choice of Measure................................................. 360 Confounding by Indication and Severity............ 301 Evaluating Effect Measure Modification and Confounding in Stratified Analyses................. 361 Controlling for Confounding: General Considerations....................................302 Controlling for Confounding in the Design.....................................................302 Summary................................................................ 362 References............................................................. 363 Chapter Questions................................................. 363
vi Contents Chapter 14 Critical Review of Epidemiological Studies .. .367 Predictive Value: A Measure of Screening Program Feasibility.......................431 Evaluating a Screening Program........................ 434 Introduction..........................................................367 Guide to Answering the Critique Questions.... 369 Sample Critiques of Epidemiological Studies... 378 Summary.............................................................391 References........................................................... 391 Chapter 15 The Epidemiological Bias........................................................................434 Selecting an Outcome.........................................437 Study Designs to Evaluate Screening Programs.........................................438 Examples of the Effect of Screening on Public Health..............................................................440 Summary..............................................................442 Approach to Causation........ 393 References.......................................................... 444 Introduction........................................................393 Chapter Questions............................................... 445 Definitions of a Cause......................................... 395 Characteristics of a Cause.................................. 397 Chapter 17 Ethics in Research involving Risk Factors Versus Causes.................................398 Human Participants.............449 Historical Development of Disease Causation
Theories..........................................................399 (Contributed by Molly Pretorius Holme) Hill s Guidelines for Assessing Causation..........402 Use of Hill s Guidelines by Epidemiologists .... 407 Sufficient-Component Cause Model................ 408 Why Mainstream Scientists Believe That HIV Is the Cause of HIV/AIDS..........................411 Summary............................................................ 414 References.........................................................415 Chapter Questions............................................. 416 Chapter 16 Screening in Public Health Practice.................... 419 Introduction.........................................................449 Historical Perspective..........................................450 International Ethical and Research Practice Guidelines..........................................457 The U.S. Regulatory Framework for Human Subjects Research........................................... 458 Limitations Posed by Ethical Requirements...... 460 Contemporary Examples................................... 460 The Informed Consent Process........................... 461 Summary............................................................. 466 References..........................................................466 Chapter Questions.............................................. 467 Introduction.........................................................419 Natural History of Disease................................... 420 Definition of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Prevention.......................................... 421 Chapter 18 Answers to Chapter Questions (Chapters 1-17).. .469 Appropriate Diseases for Screening................... 423 Characteristics of a Screening Test.....................426 Lead Time............................................................ 430 Glossary............................................................................493 Index.................................................................................. 503
Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth Edition combines theory and practice in presenting traditionat and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters covering the basic epidemiologic concepts and data sources. A major emphasis is placed on study design, with separate chapters devoted to each of the three main analytic designs; experimental, cohort, and case-control studies. Full chapters on bias, confounding, and random error, including the role of statistics in epidemiology, ensure that students are well equipped with the necessary information to interpret the results of epidemiologic studies. Up-to-date examples from the epidemiologic literature on diseases of public health importance are provided throughout the book. New examples and the latest public health statistics throughout Coverage of the Ebola outbreak, including an in-depth investigation of what happened New examples that illustrate epidemiologic principles including a greater emphasis on social factors that influence heaİth. such as racism Straightforward descriptions of the latest epidemiologic methods including mediation analysis, agentbased modeling, and the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to assess confounding An expanded glossary and key terms highlighted throughout the text Access to Navigate 2 online learning materials including a comprehensive and interactive eBook, student practice activities and assessments, learning analytics reporting tools, and more
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| language | English |
| lccn | 018023772 |
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| publisher | Jones & Bartlett Learning |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Aschengrau, Ann Verfasser aut Essentials of epidemiology in public health Ann Aschengrau, ScD (professor, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts), George R. Seage III, DSc, Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts) Epidemiology Fourth edition Burlington, MA Jones & Bartlett Learning [2020] © 2020 xi, 528 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index " Successfully tested in the authors' courses at Boston University and Harvard University, Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health, Fourth Edition combines theory and practice in presenting traditional and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters covering the basic epidemiologic concepts and data sources. A major emphasis is placed on study design, with separate chapters devoted to each of the three main analytic designs: experimental, cohort, and case-control studies. Full chapters on bias, confounding, and random error, including the role of statistics in epidemiology, ensure that students are well-equipped with the necessary information to interpret the results of epidemiologic studies. An entire chapter is also devoted to the concept of effect measure modification, an often-neglected topic in introductory textbooks. Up-to-date examples from the epidemiologic literature on diseases of public health importance are provided throughout the book. The Fourth Edition retains its familiar 17-chapter structure but adds some important updates: Updated statistics and data throughout. Descriptions of recent infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola and Zika in the chapter on Descriptive Epidemiology. More information on investigating infectious disease outbreaks. Examples used to illustrate epidemiological principles have been updated and add greater emphasis on social factors that influence health. Straightforward descriptions of the latest epidemiologic methods including mediation analysis, agent-based modelling, and the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to assess confounding. New figures and graphs to llustrate epidemiologic principles. More information and links to on-line resources in the chapter on Sources of Public Health Data. More subheadings and improved readability. Five to ten new questions in each set of chapter questions, many of which involve critical thinking and/or calculations to help students achieve a greater depth of understanding. Enhanced and updated instructor support materials "... EDUCATION / General / bisacsh Public health Social medicine EDUCATION / General Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4139691-1 gnd rswk-swf Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd rswk-swf Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 s Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4139691-1 s DE-604 Seage, George R. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030759059&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030759059&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Aschengrau, Ann Seage, George R. Essentials of epidemiology in public health EDUCATION / General / bisacsh Epidemiology Public health Social medicine EDUCATION / General Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4139691-1 gnd Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139691-1 (DE-588)4015016-1 |
| title | Essentials of epidemiology in public health |
| title_alt | Epidemiology |
| title_auth | Essentials of epidemiology in public health |
| title_exact_search | Essentials of epidemiology in public health |
| title_full | Essentials of epidemiology in public health Ann Aschengrau, ScD (professor, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts), George R. Seage III, DSc, Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts) |
| title_fullStr | Essentials of epidemiology in public health Ann Aschengrau, ScD (professor, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts), George R. Seage III, DSc, Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essentials of epidemiology in public health Ann Aschengrau, ScD (professor, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts), George R. Seage III, DSc, Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts) |
| title_short | Essentials of epidemiology in public health |
| title_sort | essentials of epidemiology in public health |
| topic | EDUCATION / General / bisacsh Epidemiology Public health Social medicine EDUCATION / General Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen (DE-588)4139691-1 gnd Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | EDUCATION / General / bisacsh Epidemiology Public health Social medicine EDUCATION / General Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen Epidemiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030759059&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030759059&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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