Rundāles pils: = The palace in close-up 2 Pils tuvplānā
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Latvian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rundāle
Rundāles pils muzejs
2018
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 572 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 31 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789934831591 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804179095668391936 |
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| adam_text | Contents 12 20 The history of Rúndale Palace Summary in English 25 The exterior architecture of Rundāle Palace 26 36 46 56 66 70 74 The south façade The east façade and west façade The north façade and the gates The courtyard façades The windows of the Palace The roof of the Palace Summary in English 77 The ground floor of Rundāle Palace 78 84 90 102 111 The central block The entrance hall and gallery of the central block The state staircase of the east side The state staircase of the west side The south enfilade of the central block 112 112 114 116 118 The east wing The central entrance hall of the east wing The staircase of the east wing The kitchens and auxiliary rooms of the east wing The vaulted rooms 120 121 123 125 126 128 The west wing The kitchen and auxiliary rooms of the west wing The central entrance hall of the west wing The central staircase of the west wing The staircase at the north end Summary in English 131 The first floor of Rundāle Palace 138 142 202 256 262 266 274 286 304 308 322 The east wing The Gold Hall The White Hall The Mirror Room The withdrawing rooms at the White Hall The Oval Porcelain Cabinet The Porcelain Cabinet at the Gold Hall The Grand Gallery The Small Gallery The antechambers of the halls Summary in English 324 326 330 336 346 366 372 380 394 402 410 426 436 440 452 456 466 472 484 488 490 494 498 The central block The Duke’s state apartments The antechamber of the Duke’s state apartments The library The Rose Room The room with Dutch paintings The room with rulers’ portraits The Duke’s State Bedroom The Audience Room The Italian Salon
The Duke’s Dining Room The Billiard Room The Duke’s private apartments The Duke’s Dressing Room The Duke’s Bathroom The Duke’s First Study The Duke’s Second Study The antechambers of the toilet rooms The Hunting Room The room for Rundāle Palace history studies The Zubovs’ Room The Shuvalovs’ Room Summary in English 500 504 504 514 520 522 526 527 528 530 534 The west wing The Duchess’ state apartments The Duchess’ Boudoir The Duchess’ Toilet Room The Duchess’ Bedroom The Duchess’ Dressing Room The Duchess’ Study The Duchess’ Salon The Duchess’ private apartments Guest rooms Summary in English 537 The basement of Rundāle Palace 547 The attic of Rundāle Palace 559 The surroundings of Rundāle Palace 572 Summary in English
The history of Rúndale Palace The history of the Estate of Rundāle dates hack to 1457 when the Master of the Livonian Order granted a piece of land near the Lithuanian border to his liegemen Hinrich Vogeler and Arndt Windvogel. The name Rundāle (German - Ruhenthal) was mentioned in written records for the first time in 1505 when the Estate was obtained by the Grotthuss family; it remained in their possession until 1681. In the 1540s, the family had also built a castle on the bank of the River Īslīce. On 26 June 1735, the Estate of Rundāle was purchased by Count Ernst Johann Biron. Ernst Johann Biron, the favourite of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740), was born in 1690 into a poor landlord’s family in Courland and began his career in Jelgava at the court of Anna Ioannovna at the time when she resided there as the widow of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Courland. When Anna ascended the Russian throne in 1730, Biron obtained the title of count as well as the post of senior chamberlain of the Empress; nevertheless, he started considering yet more far-reaching plans, which were suc cessfully carried out. In July 1737, after the death of Duke Ferdinand (the last descendant of the Kettler dynasty), Biron was elected new sovereign of the Duchy of Courland. By that time, the construction of a palace fit for a ruler had already begun. The design for Rundāle Palace was made by the Russian court architect Francesco Rastrelli, who arrived in Rundāle at the end of August 1735. This architect of Italian origin, together with his father, came to Russia from France in 1716. At a
young age, he was already involved in designing buildings as well as in the supervision of their construction. Eventually, Rastrelli became one of the best architects in St. Petersburg. In Rundāle Rastrelli had to work under highly unfavourable conditions as there were neither building materials nor construction workers or roads. However, he posses sed exceptional organisational abilities and managed to obtain everything required to begin the construction. Twelve brick-kilns were built to produce bricks from local high-quality Semigallia clay. Lime-kilns were also made in Rundāle, whereas building logs and firewood were provided by the owners of the neighbouring estates. Demolition of the old castle provided stones for the foundation of the new building. Except for transport workers, some craftsmen and supervisors, the large number of workers and craftsmen all came from Russia. Even soldiers of the Russian army were engaged in the construction of the palace. At the end of 1735, there were more than a thousand people in Rundāle. Eight sheets of Rastrelli’s design for Rundāle Palace are now in the Albertina Graphic Arts Collection in Vienna. The design was finished in January 1736, but the location map was undoubtedly drawn as early as 1735. The design shows the grand style of a ruler’s residence and reflects the ideas of Versailles. The palace is located on a two-kilometre-long symmetry axis and has the shape of a closed quadrangle. To the north of the palace, a block of stables of a similar 20 size is envisaged. Above the arrival gate, a high three-storey tower is shown,
and another one, a smaller tower, is projected above the stable gates. A rich sculptural decoration is planned for the façades of the palace. Following the layout of Versailles, a bedroom is located in the very centre of the main block, while a big hall and a church are envisaged for the east wing. On 24 May 1736, the first foundation stone of Rundāle Palace was laid. A silver plate with Biron’s coat of arms, designed by Rastrelli, and a text of dedication were walled in at the place where an altar was supposed to stand in the future. The brick walls were finished as early as 1737. In June of the same year, the carpentry work was completed, and by 1738 the construction was already roofed with tin plates. Simultaneously, doors, windows, parquets, and stoves were produced both in Rundāle and St. Petersburg. Rastrelli, who managed all the construction works, lived in a workers’ village and regularly sent reports on the progress of work to Duke Ernst Johann residing in St. Petersburg. Every two weeks a detailed account was also dispatched by Biron’s authorised representative in Courland, Ernst Johann von Buttlar. In 1738, the construction of a new palace, also designed by Rastrelli, was begun in Jelgava, the capital of the Duchy of Courland, and the pace of work at Rundāle slowed down. Nevertheless, the process of decorating the interior went on. A carpenter’s workshop in the nearby Svitene Manor produced wood fixtures. The tile stoves were made by Russian craftsmen. The stucco decorations of the walls and ceilings were made by a group of craftsmen from St. Petersburg, whereas
the ceilings were painted on canvas by Bartolomeo Tarsia in St. Petersburg. The façade cast-iron decorations were brought from the town of Tula in Russia. Simultaneously, a park was being created. Amidst the chaos of the construction works, the park lanes began to take shape, and the canal was dug. In 1739, the Duke ordered the simplification of the sculptural decorations of the interior of Rundāle Palace, and Rastrelli suggested that the ceiling paintings and cast-iron decorations were made use of in Jelgava. In 1740, on the Duke’s orders, the church in Rundāle Palace was also removed, and the altar was transported to Jelgava. In October 1740, Empress Anna Ioannovna died. Duke Ernst Johann was appointed Regent of the Russian Empire, but, as a result of a coup d’état, on 20 November he was arrested, tried and sentenced to death, only later to be pardoned. The Duke and his family were subsequently banished to Siberia. The construction of both palaces in Rundāle and Jelgava was immediately stopped. Building materials kept in the storehouses of Rundāle Palace, even part of the parquets, panels, and doors worked into the structure of the palace, were taken out and transported to St. Petersburg. The palace was guarded by soldiers of the Russian army. In some cases, the devastation caused by natural disasters was removed, though, all in all, nothing was done for the maintenance of the building.
Emperor Peter III, who ascended the throne at the beginning of 1762, restored Biron his titles. Nevertheless, he intended to transfer the Duchy of Courland to his uncle. His intentions were thwarted by Catherine II who took over the Russian throne in July. The new ruler, for political reasons, considered it preferable to return Duke Ernst Johann to Courland. In January 1763, he arrived in Jelgava. In 1764, Rastrelli revisited Courland in order to finish the construction of the palaces in Rundāle and Jelgava. In this work, he was assisted by the court architect Severin Jensen. The gate of Rundāle Palace and the stables were remodelled. The interior of the palace underwent particularly great changes, as not only had it been damaged in the Duke’s absence but it also came to be seen as out dated. Only the galleries on the ground floor, two state staircases as well as the Small Gallery on the first floor of the old interior remained unchanged. Other rooms on the upper floor were given a new décor in the Rococo style. The stucco decorations were made by the sculptor Johann Michael Graff from Berlin, whereas the ceiling and wall paintings were created by the Italian artists Francesco Martini and Carlo Zucchi residing in St. Petersburg. The Duke along with his court arrived in Rundāle as early as 1765. In 1769, Ernst Johann abdicated the throne in favour of his son Peter but continued to come to Rundāle Palace every summer until his death at the end of 1772. The Estate passed on to his widow Duchess Benigna Gottlieb who died in 1782. Duke Peter visited Rundāle Palace less
frequently, for he preferred the small Vircava Manor House, located not far from Jelgava. However, Rundāle Palace was still used for entertainment, hunting, and court ceremonies. When the Duchy of Courland was annexed by Russia in 1795, Empress Catherine II presented the Estate of Rundāle to Count Valerian Zubov. Later it was inherited by his brother, the last favourite of Catherine II, Prince Platon Zubov. During the FrancoRussian War of 1812, the Palace was looted. Soldiers smashed the mirrors, ripped off the silk wall coverings and demolished the library presented by Catherine II. In 18x3, simple repairs to the rooms were made. After Platon Zubov’s death in 1822, his widow married Count Andrey Shuvalov. As the new owners lived in St. Petersburg, they only rarely visited Rundāle. An exception was in the 1860s when their son, Count Pyotr Shuvalov, had become Governor General of the Baltic Provinces and had chosen Rundāle Palace as his permanent summer residence. At that time, hasty repairs to the rooms were carried out, but in the 1880s Rundāle Palace underwent a thorough restoration. The Shuvalovs viewed the Palace as a historic monument and had arranged their living quarters on the ground floor. The last owner of Rundāle Palace was General Count Andrey Shuvalov who was dispossessed of his estate as a result of the agrarian reform introduced by the Latvian government in 1920. In July 1915, Rundāle Palace was occupied by soldiers of the German army. They established a hospital and a commandant’s office there. In 1919, the building was repeatedly demolished, initially by
Communists and later by the adventurer BermondtAvalov’s army. In 1920, the centre of Rundāle Estate was transferred to the control of the Ministry of Agriculture, and part of the Palace was occupied by a local elementary school. In 1923, the most necessary repairs to the building were done, but in 1924 it was leased out to the Latvian Disabled Soldiers Union. In 1933, Rundāle Palace was taken over by the State History Museum which intended to set up an ecclesiastical art museum there and began the restoration of several rooms. Fortunately, the Palace did not suffer damage during World War, but in 1945 a grain storehouse was established in the state rooms, and the former Duke’s dining room, as well as the billiard room, was transformed into the school’s gym-hall. Due to a leak in the roof, paintings and stucco decorations of the ceiling were regularly flooded by rain. All the plans concerning the future of Rundāle Palace, which fortunately were not carried out, were purely utilitarian. In 1964, a branch of the Bauska Museum of Regional Studies and Art was attached to the Palace, and only in 1972 was a permanent Rundāle Palace Museum established. The same year the Museum began a thorough restoration of the palace, its auxiliary buildings and the park. Though part of the ceiling paintings and stucco deco rations were restored by experts from Russia, the main instigator of work for the next twenty years was the Scientific Restoration Board at the Ministry of Culture. Silk wall-coverings were produced in Moscow, copies of ceramic stoves were made in Leningrad (now St.
Petersburg), and glass masters from Belarus were involved in the restoration of chandeliers. In 1981, the first halls of the east wing were opened to the public. The restoration of the interior was completed in 2014. The Palace currently displays forty-five rooms in total, comprising interiors arranged and furnished as they would have been in the 18th century. The Rundāle Palace Museum not only maintains and takes care of Rundāle Palace but also holds a large collection of paintings and applied arts. Besides the main exhibition, there is also the permanent exhibition of European and Latvian decorative arts “From the Gothic Style to Art Nouveau” as well as the exhibition of Latvian ecclesiastical arts available. The Museum also houses an archive of scientific materials related to Latvian manors, churches, fine arts and decorative arts; it conducts research on Latvian art from earlier periods and arranges temporary exhibitions on different themes.
Saturs 12 Rundāles pils vesture 20 Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 25 Rundāles pils ārējā arhitektūra 26 70 Dienvidu fasāde Austrumu fasāde un rietumu fasāde Ziemeļu fasāde un vārti Pagalma fasādes Pils logi Pils jumts 74 Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 36 46 56 66 494 Centrālais korpuss Hercoga parādes apartamenti Hercoga parādes apartamentu priekštelpa Bibliotēka Rožu istaba Telpa ar holandiešu gleznām “Valdnieku salons” Hercoga parādes guļamistaba Audienču kabinets “Itāļu salons” Hercoga ēdamzāle Biljarda zāle Hercoga privātie apartamenti Hercoga ģērbistaba Hercoga mazgāšanās telpa Pirmais hercoga rakstāmkabinets Otrais hercoga rakstāmkabinets Tualešu priekštelpas “Medību kabinets” Pils vēstures studiju kabinets “Zubovu istaba” “Šuvalovu istaba” 498 Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 500 504 504 514 520 528 530 Rietumu korpuss Hercogienes parādes apartamenti Hercogienes buduārs Hercogienes tualetes kabinets Hercogienes guļamistaba Hercogienes garderobe Hercogienes rakstāmkabinets Hercogienes salons Hercogienes privātie apartamenti Viesu apartamenti 534 Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 537 Rundāles pils cokolstāvs 547 Rundāles pils bēniņi 559 Rundāles pils apkārtne 572 Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 324 326 330 336 346 366 372 380 394 77 Rundāles pils pirmais stāvs 84 90 102 111 Centrālais korpuss Vestibils un centrālā korpusa galerija Austrumu puses parādes kāpņu telpa Rietumu puses parādes kāpņu telpa Centrālā korpusa dienvidu anfilāde 112 112 114 116 118 Austrumu korpuss Austrumu korpusa centrālais vestibils Austrumu korpusa kāpņu telpa Austrumu korpusa virtuves ar palīgtelpām Velvju telpas 120 121
123 125 126 128 Rietumu korpuss Rietumu korpusa virtuve un blakustelpas Rietumu korpusa centrālais vestibils Rietumu korpusa centrālā kāpņu telpa Ziemeļu gala kāpņu telpa Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 131 Rundāles pils otrais stāvs 78 402 410 426 436 440 452 456 466 472 484 488 490 522 526 138 142 202 256 262 266 274 286 304 308 322 Austrumu korpuss Zelta zāle Baltā zāle Spoguļu kabinets Kabineti pie Baltās zāles Ovālais porcelāna kabinets Porcelāna kabinets pie Zelta zāles Lielā galerija Mazā galerija Zāļu priekštelpas Kopsavilkums angļu valodā 527
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| author | Lancmanis, Imants 1941- |
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| geographic_facet | Schloss Rundāle Rundāle |
| id | DE-604.BV045305975 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:14:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789934831591 |
| language | Latvian |
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| physical | 572 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 31 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190816 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
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| publisher | Rundāles pils muzejs |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Lancmanis, Imants 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)128829621 aut Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up 2 Pils tuvplānā Imants Lancmanis Rundāle Rundāles pils muzejs 2018 572 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schloss Rundāle Rundāle (DE-588)7531866-0 gnd rswk-swf Schloss Rundāle Rundāle (DE-588)7531866-0 g DE-604 (DE-604)BV043953171 2 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lancmanis, Imants 1941- Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7531866-0 |
| title | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up |
| title_auth | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up |
| title_exact_search | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up |
| title_full | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up 2 Pils tuvplānā Imants Lancmanis |
| title_fullStr | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up 2 Pils tuvplānā Imants Lancmanis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rundāles pils = The palace in close-up 2 Pils tuvplānā Imants Lancmanis |
| title_short | Rundāles pils |
| title_sort | rundales pils the palace in close up pils tuvplana |
| title_sub | = The palace in close-up |
| topic_facet | Schloss Rundāle Rundāle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030693035&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043953171 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lancmanisimants rundalespilsthepalaceincloseup2 |
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