Applied ethics: remembering Patrick Primeaux
Introduction / Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris -- Patrick Primeaux : a tribute / Moses L. Pava -- Corruption : personal, organizational and social : in A. D. Miller's Snowdrops / Daryl Koehn -- Patrick Primeaux : teacher, scholar, trailblazer / Mark C. Mitschow -- The demise of ethics / Jeff Ma...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bingley, U.K.
Emerald
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Research in ethical issues in organizations
v. 8 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | FHN01 FWS01 FWS02 UEI01 UER01 URL des Erstveröffentlichers Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Introduction / Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris -- Patrick Primeaux : a tribute / Moses L. Pava -- Corruption : personal, organizational and social : in A. D. Miller's Snowdrops / Daryl Koehn -- Patrick Primeaux : teacher, scholar, trailblazer / Mark C. Mitschow -- The demise of ethics / Jeff Malpas -- Cross-species plural agents / Cynthia Townley -- The social value of business : lessons from political economy and process philosophy / Cristina Neesham, Mark Dibben -- Strengthening business ethics teaching : the case for Moore's theory of public value / Josie Fisher, Bligh Grant -- Categorising person-based ethical constructs using a framework of cognitive skills, moral volition, and personal values / Howard Harris, Erich C. Fein, Aise Kim, Libby Hobson -- The dead as stakeholders / Michael Schwartz -- Harm to others / Peter Bowden The late Patrick Primeaux, a past editor of this series, was an outstanding teacher of business ethics and a longtime chair of the Theology Department at St John's University in New York City. Patrick, through his teachings, research articles and books, had a profound influence on how many contemporary business ethicists both teach and think about business ethics. Some contributions in this volume are from his colleagues and reflect his influence as both a business ethics teacher and as a scholar. Others are the result of a conference held in June, 2011 at the University of Tasmania by the Australian Association for Professional & Applied Ethics. Those contributions too reflect Patrick's influence and also argue themes which Patrick would have fully endorsed |
| Beschreibung: | The late Patrick Primeaux, a past editor of this series, was an outstanding teacher of business ethics and a longtime chair of the Theology Department at St John's University in New York City. Patrick, through his teachings, research articles and books, had a profound influence on how many contemporary business ethicists both teach and think about business ethics. Some contributions in this volume are from his colleagues and reflect his influence as both a business ethics teacher and as a scholar. Others are the result of a conference held in June, 2011 at the University of Tasmania by the Australian Association for Professional & Applied Ethics. Those contributions too reflect Patrick's influence and also argue themes which Patrick would have fully endorsed |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 147 p.) |
| ISBN: | 9781780529899 |
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| 520 | |a Introduction / Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris -- Patrick Primeaux : a tribute / Moses L. Pava -- Corruption : personal, organizational and social : in A. D. Miller's Snowdrops / Daryl Koehn -- Patrick Primeaux : teacher, scholar, trailblazer / Mark C. Mitschow -- The demise of ethics / Jeff Malpas -- Cross-species plural agents / Cynthia Townley -- The social value of business : lessons from political economy and process philosophy / Cristina Neesham, Mark Dibben -- Strengthening business ethics teaching : the case for Moore's theory of public value / Josie Fisher, Bligh Grant -- Categorising person-based ethical constructs using a framework of cognitive skills, moral volition, and personal values / Howard Harris, Erich C. Fein, Aise Kim, Libby Hobson -- The dead as stakeholders / Michael Schwartz -- Harm to others / Peter Bowden | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| _version_ | 1824554771291308033 |
| adam_text | COMPETITION
BETWEEN ORIGINATORS AND GENERICS:
PUBLIC
REGULATION AND INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE
DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES DE GESTION
UNIVERSITE PARIS-I - PANTHEON-SORBONNE
ECOLE DOCTORALE DE MANAGEMENT PARIS-SORBONNE
INAUGURALDISSERTATION
ZUR ERLANGUNG DES AKADEMISCHEN GRADES EINES DOKTORS DER
WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSCHAFTEN AN DER
WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN
FAKULTAT DER JULIUS-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAT WURZBURG
DE/VORGELEGT
VOR: MARIE-GENEVI6VE CAMPION
MARS/MARZ 2015
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1076331408
CONTENTS
KEY WORDS / MOTS-CLES / KEYWORTER 1
INDEX 2
SUMMARY 5
RESUME COURT/ RESUM& LONG 6
KURZFASSUNG/ AUSFUHRLICHE KURZFASSUNG 15
1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS 24
ABSTRACT 25
1.1 REGULATION AND COMPETITION IN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS: A STATE OF
PLAY 26
1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEMAND AND IMPORTANCE OF REGULATION 26
1.1.1.1 PRESCRIBING PHYSICIANS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL
INCENTIVES -
EXAMPLES FROM GERMANY AND PRANCE 26
1.1.1.2 PHARMACISTS AND MEASURES RESTRICTING THEIR CHOICES - EXAMPLES
FROM GER
MANY AND FRANCE 28
1.1.1.3 THE ROLE OF HEALTH INSURERS AND MORAL HAZARD ISSUES 28
1.1.2 PRICES AND REGULATION 29
1.1.2.1 PRICING OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND NEW PRICING SCHEMES 29
1.1.2.2 PRICE SETTING METHODS AND COST-CONTAINMENT MEASURES 31
1.1.3 R&D AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 34
1.1.3.1 THERAPEUTIC COMPETITION IN ON-PATENT MARKETS AND FOLLOW-ON
PRODUCTS 34
1.1.3.2 PRICE COMPETITION IN OFF-PATENT MARKETS AND FIRST ENTRANT
ADVANTAGE ... 44
1.2 CURRENT CHALLENGES IN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS 48
II
1.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF OFF-PATENT ORIGINATORS AND BARRIERS TO ENTRY FOR
GENERIC VERSIONS IN
OFF-PATENT MARKETS 48
1.2.1.1 EXISTENCE OF INFORMATION ADVANTAGE FOR THE ORIGINATOR 48
1.2.1.2 EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON THE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE OF ORIGINATOR
PRODUCTS . . 50
1.2.2 NEW COST-EFFECTIVENESS
PARADIGM IN ON-PATENT MARKETS 51
1.2.2.1 REIMBURSEMENT DECISIONS AND USE OF PHARMACOECONOMICS STUDIES 51
1.2.2.2 EXAMPLES OF HTA BODIES AND METHODOLOGIES IN SELECTED MEMBER
STATES 53
1.3 QUESTIONING THE ECONOMIC FUNCTIONING OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS 59
1.3.1 HOW TO DEFINE SUBSTITUTABILITY AMONG MEDICINAL PRODUCTS? 59
1.3.1.1 SUBSTITUTION AND ANATOMICAL-THERAPEUTICAL-CHEMICAL (ATC)
CLASSIFICATION 59
1.3.1.2 RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET AND SUBSTITUTION PATTERNS 60
1.3.2 HOW TO PROMOTE PRICE COMPETITION IN OFF-PATENT PRODUCTS WHILE
PROVIDING INCENTIVES
TO INNOVATE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES? 62
1.3.2.1 FACTORS IMPEDING PRICE COMPETITION 62
1.3.2.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE PRICING AND INNOVATION INCENTIVES 63
1.3.3 HOW TO PROVIDE INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS TO PATIENTS WHILE PRESERVING
HEALTHCARE BUDGETS? 64
1.3.3.1 INNOVATIVE MEDICINAL PRODUCTS AND RELATED UNCERTAINTY 64
1.3.3.2 RISK-SHARING SCHEME AND INNOVATIVE PRICING 66
2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEFINITION OF THE RELEVANT PRODUCT
MARKET FOR HUMAN MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION:
A USER S GUIDE 68
ABSTRACT 69
2.1 THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACEUTICALS
70
2.1.1 RATIONALE AND PRINCIPLES FOR MARKET DEFINITION 70
2.1.1.1 RATIONALE OF THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 70
2.1.1.2 PRINCIPLES OF MARKET DEFINITION 72
2.1.1.3 A UNIQUE RELEVANT MARKET IN MERGERS AND DOMINANCE
INVESTIGATIONS? ... 75
2.1.2 APPROACH ON THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET FOR PHARMACEUTICALS 76
2.1.2.1 THE CONDUCT OF MARKET INVESTIGATION 76
2.1.2.2 USE OF THE ATC CLASSIFICATION 78
2.1.2.3 APPROACH IN TERMS OF POTENTIAL COMPETITION 82
III
2.1.2.4 WEAKNESSES OF THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET DEFINITION BY THE EUROPEAN
COMMIS
SION 83
2.1.3 REVIEW OF THE COMPETITION AUTHORITIES CRITERIA FOR MARKET
DEFINITION PURPOSES ... 87
2.1.3.1 DISTINCTION BY COMPETITION STATUS: ORIGINATORS/GENERICS 88
2.1.3.2 DISTINCTION BY PRESCRIPTION STATUS: RX/OTC 97
2.1.3.3 DISTINCTION BY MEANS OF DISTRIBUTION: HOSPITAL MARKETS/PHARMACY
MARKETS 100
2.2 ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EC APPROACH OF MARKET DEFINITION IN
MERGER CASES 103
2.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDY ON MARKET DEFINITION IN MERGER
CASES 103
2.2.1.1 AIM OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDY 103
2.2.1.2 APPROACH OF THE EMPIRICAL STUDY AND RELATED LITERATURE 105
2.2.2 VARIABLES AND DATA DESCRIPTION 106
2.2.2.1 DATA COLLECTION 106
2.2.2.2 DEPENDENT AND EXPLANATORY VARIABLES 108
2.2.2.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ON DATA AND DISCUSSION ILL
2.2.3 THE MODEL ILL
2.2.3.1 LOGIT MODEL FOR BINARY OUTCOMES 112
2.2.3.2 ORDERED LOGIT MODEL FOR ORDERED OUTCOMES 112
2.2.4 EMPIRICAL RESULTS: ESTIMATION AND TESTING OF THE MODEL 114
2.2.4.1 EMPIRICAL RESULTS FOR THE WHOLE PERIOD 1989-2011 114
2.2.4.2 EMPIRICAL RESULTS FOR THE SUB SAMPLE 2004-2011 118
3 REFERENCE PRICING AND ITS IMPACT ON INNOVATION INCENTIVES 128
ABSTRACT 129
3.1 FUNCTIONING OF INTERNAL REFERENCE PRICING 130
3.1.1 DEFINITION OF INTERNAL REFERENCE PRICING 130
3.1.1.1 REFERENCE PRICING AS A REIMBURSEMENT RULE 130
3.1.1.2 REFERENCE PRICING AND PROMOTION OF COST-EFFECTIVE
PHARMACEUTICALS .... 132
3.1.2 FEATURES OF REFERENCE PRICING SCHEMES 134
3.1.2.1 CRITERIA FOR DEFINING GROUPS 134
3.1.2.2 CRITERIA FOR SETTING THE REFERENCE PRICE 135
3.1.2.3 FREQUENCY OF UPDATE 136
3.1.3 EXPERIENCES OF REFERENCE PRICING IN THE EU - EXAMPLES FROM GERMANY
AND FRANCE . 137
3.1.3.1 GERMANY 137
IV
3.1.3.2 FRANCE 139
3.1.4 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON REFERENCE PRICING 140
3.1.4.1 THEORETICAL LITERATURE ON REFERENCE PRICING 140
3.1.4.2 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE ON REFERENCE PRICING 146
3.1.4.3 CRITICISMS OF THE DIFFERENT THEORETIC MODELS 148
3.2 MODELING THE FUNCTIONING OF REFERENCE PRICING WITH INFORMATION
ADVANTAGE 150
3.2.1 AIM 150
3.2.2 FRAMEWORK AND ASSUMPTIONS OF THE MODEL 150
3.2.3 INTRODUCTION OF A REFERENCE PRICING SCHEME 154
3.2.4 RESULTS 155
3.3 MODELING THE IMPACT OF REFERENCE PRICING ON INNOVATION INCENTIVES
158
3.3.1 REVIEW OF THE BENCHMARK MODEL OF GANUZA ET AL. (2007, 2009) 158
3.3.1.1 FRAMEWORK AND ASSUMPTIONS 158
3.3.1.2 RESULTS 159
3.3.1.3 EXTENSIONS OF THE BENCHMARK MODEL AND CRITICISMS 160
3.3.2 IMPACT OF INFORMATION ADVANTAGES ON THE INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE 162
3.3.2.1 MOTIVATION OF THE MODEL 162
3.3.2.2 FRAMEWORK AND ASSUMPTIONS 162
3.3.2.3 CONCLUSIONS OF THE MODEL 168
3.4 POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND INNOVATION INCENTIVES - EXAMPLES FROM
GERMANY AND FRANCE . . . 170
3.4.1 COMPLEMENTARY MEASURES IN OFF-PATENT MARKETS 170
3.4.1.1 NORMALISING THE PHYSICIANS PRACTICES 170
3.4.1.2 DECREASING THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISING 171
3.4.2 SETTING A SPECIAL REGULATION FRAMEWORK FOR INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS 172
4 ECONOMICS OF RISK-SHARING SCHEMES IN PHARMACEUTICAL MAR
KETS 178
ABSTRACT 179
4.1 DEFINITION AND RATIONALE OF RISK-SHARING SCHEMES 180
4.1.1 DEFINITION AND USE OF RISK-SHARING SCHEMES 180
4.1.2 CHARACTERISATION OF RISK-SHARING SCHEMES 182
4.1.2.1 PERFORMANCE-BASED RISK-SHARING SCHEMES AND VOLUME-BASED
RISK-SHARING
SCHEMES 182
V
4.1.2.2 EXAMPLE OF A PERFORMANCE-BASED RISK-SHARING SCHEME: THE VELCADE
RE
SPONSE SCHEME 183
4.1.3 INSIGHTS INTO THE UTILISATION OF RISK-SHARING AGREEMENTS IN
SELECTED MEMBER STATES . 184
4.1.3.1 ITALY: PROACTIVE IN IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIVE RISK-SHARING SCHEMES
FOR ON
COLOGY DRUGS 184
4.1.3.2 UNITED KINGDOM: THE ROLE OF NICE AND PATIENT ACCESS SCHEMES .
. . 185
4.1.3.3 GERMANY: SCHEMES AT REGIONAL OR INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INSURER FUND
LEVELS . . 186
4.1.3.4 PRANCE: ROLE OF THE HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS PRICING COMMITTEE
( CEPS )
AND TRADITIONAL PRICE-VOLUME AGREEMENTS 187
4.1.4 REVIEW OF THE THEORETICAL LITERATURE 189
4.2 RISK-SHARING SCHEMES AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING INNOVATION INCENTIVES
IN THE PRESENCE OF
HIDDEN ACTION 194
4.2.1 MOTIVATION AND AIM 194
4.2.1.1 REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE ON RISK-SHARING SCHEMES AND
INNOVATION IN
CENTIVES 194
4.2.1.2 CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORETICAL LITERATURE ON RISK-SHARING
SCHEMES 196
4.2.2 GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS 198
4.2.3 MODELING WITH SYMMETRIC INFORMATION 199
4.2.3.1 WITHOUT RISK-SHARING SCHEME 200
4.2.3.2 INCORPORATING A RISK-SHARING SCHEME 202
4.2.3.3 INTERMEDIATE CONCLUSION ON CASES EXHIBITING SYMMETRIC
INFORMATION .... 203
4.2.4 MODELING WITH ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION 204
4.2.4.1 WITHOUT RISK-SHARING SCHEME 204
4.2.4.2 INCORPORATING A RISK-SHARING SCHEME 204
4.2.4.3 INTERMEDIATE CONCLUSION ON CASES EXHIBITING ASYMMETRIC
INFORMATION . . . 208
4.2.5 RESULTS 210
4.3 RISK-SHARING SCHEMES AS A WAY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS TO
SIGNAL THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF THEIR PRODUCT IN THE PRESENCE OF HIDDEN INFORMATION 212
4.3.1 HIDDEN INFORMATION AND SCREENING ISSUES 212
4.3.1.1 PRESENCE OF HIDDEN INFORMATION AND REVIEW OF THE EXISTING
LITERATURE . . . 212
4.3.1.2 APPLICATION OF THE LAFFONT AND MARTIMORT S MODEL TO HIDDEN
INFORMATION
ISSUES IN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS 213
4.3.2 STRUCTURE OF THE SIGNALING GAME AND ASSUMPTIONS 217
VI
4.3.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 217
4.3.2.2 PRICE-SETTING STAGE 219
4.3.2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING EQUILIBRIA 219
4.3.2.4 ANALYSIS OF THE STABILITY OF THE EQUILIBRIA AND CONCLUSIONS OF
THE SIGNALING
GAME 221
4.3.3 POLICY IMPLICATIONS 222
4.3.3.1 RISK-SHARING SCHEMES AS AN INSTRUMENT TO SOLVE INFORMATION
ASYMMETRIES 222
4.3.3.2 GROWING TREND TOWARDS RISK-SHARING SCHEMES
FOR INNOVATIVE MEDICINAL PROD
UCTS 223
CONCLUSION 225
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 226
BIBLIOGRAPHY 234
ANNEXES 246
ANNEX 1: SAMPLE OF EC MERGERS 1989-2011 246
ANNEX 2: STATA RESULTS 1989-2011 253
ANNEX 3: STATA RESULTS 2004-2011 261
ANNEX 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLES 273
VII
|
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| dewey-ones | 174 - Occupational ethics |
| dewey-raw | 174.4 |
| dewey-search | 174.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3174.4 |
| dewey-tens | 170 - Ethics (Moral philosophy) |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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Patrick, through his teachings, research articles and books, had a profound influence on how many contemporary business ethicists both teach and think about business ethics. Some contributions in this volume are from his colleagues and reflect his influence as both a business ethics teacher and as a scholar. Others are the result of a conference held in June, 2011 at the University of Tasmania by the Australian Association for Professional & Applied Ethics. Those contributions too reflect Patrick's influence and also argue themes which Patrick would have fully endorsed</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Introduction / Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris -- Patrick Primeaux : a tribute / Moses L. Pava -- Corruption : personal, organizational and social : in A. D. Miller's Snowdrops / Daryl Koehn -- Patrick Primeaux : teacher, scholar, trailblazer / Mark C. Mitschow -- The demise of ethics / Jeff Malpas -- Cross-species plural agents / Cynthia Townley -- The social value of business : lessons from political economy and process philosophy / Cristina Neesham, Mark Dibben -- Strengthening business ethics teaching : the case for Moore's theory of public value / Josie Fisher, Bligh Grant -- Categorising person-based ethical constructs using a framework of cognitive skills, moral volition, and personal values / Howard Harris, Erich C. Fein, Aise Kim, Libby Hobson -- The dead as stakeholders / Michael Schwartz -- Harm to others / Peter Bowden</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The late Patrick Primeaux, a past editor of this series, was an outstanding teacher of business ethics and a longtime chair of the Theology Department at St John's University in New York City. Patrick, through his teachings, research articles and books, had a profound influence on how many contemporary business ethicists both teach and think about business ethics. Some contributions in this volume are from his colleagues and reflect his influence as both a business ethics teacher and as a scholar. Others are the result of a conference held in June, 2011 at the University of Tasmania by the Australian Association for Professional & Applied Ethics. 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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Festschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV045302675 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-20T06:57:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781780529899 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030689795 |
| oclc_num | 1076331408 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-92 DE-824 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-92 DE-824 DE-29 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 147 p.) |
| psigel | ZDB-55-BME ZDB-55-BME FHN_BME_Archiv ZDB-55-BME FWS_BME_Archiv ZDB-55-BME UEI_BME_Archiv ZDB-55-BME UER_BME_Archiv |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Emerald |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Research in ethical issues in organizations |
| spellingShingle | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux bisacsh bicssc Business & Economics / Business Ethics Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy Business ethics Ethics & moral philosophy Applied ethics Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4307007-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)4016928-5 |
| title | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux |
| title_auth | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux |
| title_exact_search | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux |
| title_full | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux edited by Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris |
| title_fullStr | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux edited by Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applied ethics remembering Patrick Primeaux edited by Michael Schwartz, Howard Harris |
| title_short | Applied ethics |
| title_sort | applied ethics remembering patrick primeaux |
| title_sub | remembering Patrick Primeaux |
| topic | bisacsh bicssc Business & Economics / Business Ethics Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy Business ethics Ethics & moral philosophy Applied ethics Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | bisacsh Business & Economics / Business Ethics Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy Business ethics Ethics & moral philosophy Applied ethics Angewandte Ethik Aufsatzsammlung Festschrift |
| url | http://www.emeraldinsight.com/1529-2096/8 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030689795&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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