Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States: selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index
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American Law Institute Publishers
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Beschreibung: | XXXV, 550, 40 Seiten Cumulative annual pocket part |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States |b selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index |c as adopted and promulgated by the American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 22, 2017 |
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adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction........................................................................................ 1 PART III STATUS OF TREATIES IN U.S. LAW Section 301. Treaties as Law of the United States ................................... Comment:......................................................... a. Treaties............................................................................... b. Supremacy Clause............................................................. c. Judicial power of the federal courts................................. d. Obligation to comply......................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 302. Capacity and Authority to Conclude International Agreements......................................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. “International agreements” and “states.” ...................... b. Authority to represent a state.......................................... c. Manifest violations of domestic law. .............................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 303. Approval of Treaties Under the Constitution........................ Comment:................................................................................. а. Negotiation of treaties....................................................... б. Senate consideration......... ............................................... c. Procedure
following Senate consideration........................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 304. Entry into Force of International Agreements ..................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Expression of consent to be bound................................... b. Entry into force.................................................................. c. Entxy into force for the United States............................. d. Provisional application of an international agreement. . e. Obligations arising from signature or consent to be bound by a treaty prior to its entry into force............ f. Depositaries....................................................................... XIX 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 20 21 21 21 21 21 27 27 27 28 28 29 30 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 305. Reservations and Other Conditions ...................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Conditional consent........................................................... b. Constitutional limitations................................................. c. Communicating the conditions to other treaty parties. . d. Binding on the President.................................................. e. International law limitations............................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 306. Interpretation of Treaties ...................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Interpretation of treaties under international and domestic law................................................................. b. Treaty terms, context, and object and purpose............... c. Subsequent practice and agreementsof the parties........ d. Consideration of other relevant rules of international law................................................................................. e. Recourse to supplemental means of interpretation including negotiating history (travaux préparatoires)................................................................ f. Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more
languages....................................................................... g. Executive and Senate interpretation............................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 307. Relationship of Treaties to Individual Constitutional Rights ................................................................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Treaties and the Constitution........................................... b. Individual constitutional rights........................................ c. Treaties subject to individual-rightsconstraints.............. d. Reservations to treaties..................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 308. Conflicts Between Treaties and State or Local Law............. Comment:................................................................................. a. Supreme law of the land................................................... b. Preemption of State and local law.................................... c. Bases for preemption......................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 309. Conflicts Between Treaties and Federal Statutes ................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Supremacy Clause............................................................. b. Construing
statutes to avoid treatyviolations................. c. Later-in-time rule.............................................................. d. International law obligation continues............................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 310. Self-Executing and Non-Self-Executing Treaty Provisions .. Comment:................................................................................. a. Treaties as supreme federal law....................................... XX 32 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 47 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 60 61 70 70 70 71 71 72 72 75 75 75 75 76 77 80 80 80 81 81 82 82 87 87 87
TABLE OF CONTENTS b. c. d. e. Nature of inquiry. ...................................................... Legal basis for theinquiry. .............................................. Considerations relevant to determining self-execution. . Senate declarations of non-self-execution and self-execution........................ f. Non-self-execution when legislation is constitutionally required......................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 311. Private Enforcement of Treaties............................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Private rights of action distinct from issue of self-execution................................................................. b. Treaties and private rights of action................................ c. Invoking a treaty as a defense in litigation or as a basis for equitable relief.............................................. d. Right to relief conferred by other law. ........................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 312. Relationship of Treaty Power to Federalism ........................ Comment:................................................................................. a. National government has limited and enumerated powers............................................................................ b. Congress’s legislative authority. ..................................... c. Treaty power
as an independent and exclusive source of authority. ................................................................. d. Congress’s Necessary and Proper Clause authority. .... e. Judicial interpretation of statutes that implement treaties........................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 313. Authority to Suspend, Terminate, or Withdraw from Treaties................................................................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. International law. ............................................................. b. The constitutional text...................................................... c. Historical practice.............................................................. d. Structural and functional considerations........................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 88 89 90 90 91 91 110 110 110 Ill Ill Ill Ill 117 117 117 117 117 118 118 119 126 126 126 127 127 128 129 PART IV JURISDICTION, STATE IMMUNITY, AND JUDGMENTS Section 401. Categories of Jurisdiction ..................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Relationship of domestic law of jurisdiction to international law. ........................................................ b. Three categories of jurisdiction........................................ c. Division of
governmental authority. .............................. d. Relationship among categories of jurisdiction................. XXI 140 140 140 140 141 141
TABLE OF CONTENTS 142 Reporters’ Notes CHAPTER 1 PRESCRIPTION Subchapter A Exercise of Prescriptive Jurisdiction by the United States Section 402. United States Practice with Respect to Jurisdiction to Prescribe.............................................................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Jurisdiction to prescribe.................................................... b. Relationship of U.S. practice to internationallaw.......... c. United States practice and internationalcomity. ........... d. The public-private and civil-criminal distinctions......... e. Jurisdiction based on territory. ....................................... f. Jurisdiction based on effects............................................. g. Jurisdiction based on active personality......................... h. Jurisdiction based on passive personality. ..................... i. Jurisdiction based on the protective principle................. j. Universal jurisdiction........................................................ k. Jurisdiction authorized by the consent of another nation............................................................................. l. Conflicts of prescriptive jurisdiction................................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 403. Federal Constitutional Limits ................................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Constitutional limits on federal
exercises of prescriptive jurisdiction................................................ b. Constitutional limits on State exercises of prescriptive jurisdiction..................................................................... c. Due Process Clauses......................................................... d. Preemption of State regulatory authority. ..................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 404. Presumption Against Extraterritoriality .............................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Statutory provisions to which the presumption against extraterritoriality applies............................................. b. Clear indication of congressional intent.......................... c. Focus of the statutory provision....................................... d. Territorial jurisdiction of the United States.................... e. Administrative interpretation.......................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 405. Reasonableness in Interpretation ......................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Reasonableness and prescriptive comity. ...................... b. Unreasonable interference with sovereign authority. ... XXII 148 148 148 149 149 150 150 150 150 150 150 151 151 151 151 165 165 165 165 166 166 166 170 170 170 170 170 170 171 171 181 181 181 181
TABLE OF CONTENTS c. Relationship to the presumption against extraterritoriality............................................................. d. Form of other limitations...................................................... Reporters’ Notes........................................................................... 406. Interpretation Consistent with InternationalLaw .................... Comment:...................................................................................... a. Avoidance canon of statutory interpretation........................ b. Federal statute inconsistent with international law. ... Reporters’ Notes .......................................................................... 181 181 182 185 185 185 185 186 Subchapter В Customary International Law Governing Jurisdiction to Prescribe Section 407. Customary International Law Governing Jurisdiction to Prescribe.................................................................................. Comment:...................................................................................... a. Definition................................................................................ b. International law governing jurisdiction to prescribe. .. c. Genuine connection and specific bases................................. d. Concurrent prescriptive jurisdiction..................................... e. International comity............................................................. f. Prescriptive jurisdiction and the public-private law
distinction.......................................................................... Reporters’ Notes .......................................................................... 408. Jurisdiction Based on Territory ................................................. Comment:...................................................................................... a. General principle................................................................... b. Prescriptive jurisdiction and the law of the sea.................. c. Exercise of jurisdiction where only part of the regulated conduct occurs on the state’s territory. .... Reporters’ Notes.......................................................................... 409. Jurisdiction Based on Effects...................................................... Comment:...................................................................................... a. General principle................................................................... b. Application to economic regulation...................................... c. Intended, but not actual, effects........................................... Reporters’ Notes.......................................................................... 410. Jurisdiction Based on Active Personality................................... Comment:..................................................................................... a. General principle................................................................... b. Definition of nationality. ...................................................... c. Jurisdiction
based on domicile or residence........................ d. Scope and limits..................................................................... Reporters’ Notes.......................................................................... 411. Jurisdiction Based on Passive Personality ............................... Comment:..................................................................................... a. General principle.................................................................... XXIII 187 188 188 188 188 189 189 189 190 196 196 196 196 196 197 199 199 199 199 199 199 203 203 203 203 203 204 204 206 207 207
TABLE OF CONTENTS b. Scope and limits................................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 412. Jurisdiction Basedon the Protective Principle...................... Comment;................................................................................. a. General principle............................................................... b. Scope and limits................................................................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 413. Universal Jurisdiction............................................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. General principle............................................................... b. Treaty-based jurisdiction................................................... c. Criminal jurisdiction......................................................... d. Civil jurisdiction................................................................ e. Common limits................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 207 207 209 209 209 209 209 210 211 211 211 211 211 212 212 CHAPTER 2 ADJUDICATION Subchapter A Jurisdiction to Adjudicate in Civil Cases Section 421. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction .............................................. Comment:............................................................................
a. Subject-matter jurisdiction.......................................... b. State courts................................................................... c. Federal courts............................................................... d. Federal-question jurisdiction....................................... e. Alienage jurisdiction..................................................... f. Cases in which a foreign state is a party.................. g. Cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers, and consuls...................................................................... h. Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction.......................... i. Dismissal for failure to state a claim distinguished. . j. Dismissal on other threshold grounds........................ Reporters’ Notes................................................................. 422. Personal Jurisdiction ......................................................... Comment:............................................................................. a. Due process................................................................... b. Waiver and consent....................................................... c. General and specific jurisdiction................................. d. Reasonableness............................................................. e. Jurisdiction based on property. ................................. f Statutory authorization................................................ XXIV 220 220 220 221 221 221 221 221 222 222 222 222 222 228 228 228 229 229 229 229 229
TABLE OF CONTENTS Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 423. Service of Process ................................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Relationship of service to in personam jurisdiction........ b. Due process........................................................................ c. Whether service may be made in the United States. ... d. Service in a foreign country. ........................................... e. Service of foreign process in the United States.............. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 424. Forum Non Conveniens ......................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Relationship to jurisdiction............................................... b. Law governing forum non conveniens............................. c. Available and adequate alternative forum required....... d. Deference to plaintiffs choice of forum............................ e. Private and public interests............................................. f. Forum-selection clauses.................................................... g. Conditions.......................................................................... h. Discretion of the trial court.............................................. i. Other abstention doctrines............................................... Reporters’
Notes...................................................................... 425. Antisuit Injunctions ................................................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Persons subject to antisuit injunctions............................ b. Parallel proceedings............ .............................................. c. Circumstances warranting antisuit injunction............... d. Bankruptcy proceedings.................................................... Reporters Notes ...................................................................... 426. Obtaining Evidence in Civil Proceedings.............................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Production of evidence for use in the United States. ... b. Production of evidence for use in a foreign or international tribunal.................. c. Sanctions for noncompliance............................................ d. Treaties............................................................................... e. Criminal proceedings........................................................ Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 230 238 238 238 239 239 239 239 239 243 243 243 243 243 244 244 244 244 244 245 245 258 258 258 258 259 259 259 262 263 263 264 264 264 264 265 Subchapter В Jurisdiction to Adjudicate in Criminal Cases Section 427. Presence of the Defendant......................................................
Comment:................................................................................. a. Presence during trial as a fundamental right................. b. Justifications for proceeding with a trial in the absence of the defendant............................................................ XXV 268 268 268 268
TABLE OF CONTENTS c. Indictment.......................................................................... d. Means of acquiring presence of defendant...................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 428. Extradition .............................................................................. Comment:................................................................................. а. Treaties governing extradition.......................................... б. Offenses for which extradition may be sought................ c. Grounds on which extradition may be refused................ d. Doctrine of specialty. ........................................................ e. Procedure for extradition to the United States............... f. Procedure for extradition from the United States.......... g. Judicial review of extradition........................................... h. Alternatives to extradition................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 429. Mutual Legal Assistance in CriminalMatters ...................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)..................... b. Statutory framework......................................................... c. Failure to comply with treaties or other agreements. .. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 268 268 268 273 273 273 274 274 274 274 274 275
275 275 284 284 284 285 285 286 CHAPTER 3 ENFORCEMENT Section 431. United States Practice with Respect to Jurisdiction to Enforce ................................................................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Definition............................................................................ b. Territoriality and jurisdiction to enforce.......................... c. United States Constitution............................................... Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 432. International Law Governing Jurisdiction toEnforce........... Comment:................................................................................. a. Definition............................................................................ b. Territoriality and jurisdiction to enforce.......................... c. Relationship of jurisdiction to enforce to jurisdiction to prescribe and jurisdiction toadjudicate....................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 297 297 CHAPTER 4 JURISDICTION AND THE LAW OF OTHER STATES Section 441. Act of State Doctrine ............................................................. Comment:................................................................................. o. Effect of the doctrine and its relation to choice of law. . b. Status of the doctrine as federal law............................... 303 303 303 304 XXVI 291 291 291 292 292 292 296 296 296 296
TABLE OF CONTENTS c. Nature of foreign official act............................................. d. Validity of an act of state.................................................. e. Territorial limits of the doctrine....................................... f. Waiver of the doctrine....................................................... g. Treaty or other unambiguous agreement........................ h. Modification by Congress.................................................. i. Role of the executive branch in applying the doctrine. . j. Role of the doctrine in statutory cases............................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 442. Foreign-State Compulsion...................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Character of defense.......................................................... b. Nature of foreign sanction faced by person raising defense........................................................................... c. Good faith of person raising defense................................ d. Existence of discretion to allow defense under federal legislation...................................................................... e. Demands for information.................................................. f. Applicability to State and local law................................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 304 304 304 304 305 305 305 306 306 318 318 318 318 318 319
319 319 320 CHAPTER 5 IMMUNITY OF STATES FROM JURISDICTION Subchapter A Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to Adjudicate Section 451. Immunity of Foreign States from Jurisdiction to Adjudicate . Comment:................................................................................. a. The basic rule.................................................................... b. Subject-matter and personal jurisdiction under the FSIA............................................................................... c. The relationship between international and U.S. law. .. d. The relationship between state immunity and the immunity of government officials................................ e. Definition of foreign state................................................. f. Substantive law аррИсаЫе to claims against a foreign state............................................................................... g. Immunity from jurisdiction to adjudicate and from jurisdiction to enforce................................................... h. Time of application............................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 452. Definition of Foreign State ..................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Definition of a state........................................................... b. Definition of a foreign state.............................................. XXVII 325 325 325 326 326 326 326 326 327 327
327 329 329 329 329
TABLE OF CONTENTS c. 453. 454. 455. 456. Definition of an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state............................................................................... d. Distinction between foreign state and agency or instrumentality of a foreign state................................ e. Definition of agency or instrumentality—organ of a foreign state................................................................... f. Definition of agency or instrumentality—majority ownership...................................................................... g. Separate legal personality of agencies or instrumentalities........................................................... h. Presumption of separate legal personality overcome— extensive control........................................................... i. Presumption of separate legal personality overcome— fraud or injustice........................................................... j. Attribution of acts under common-law agency principles....................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Waiver and Counterclaims ..................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Waiver and jurisdiction of courts...................................... b. Form of waiver. ................................................................ c. Counterclaims and setoffs................................................. d. Waiver of immunity
from attachment and execution. .. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Claims Based upon Commercial Activity.............................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Immunity and jurisdiction to adjudicate......................... b. Commercial activity. ........................................................ c. Based upon......................................................................... d. Commercial activity carried on in the United States. .. e. Direct effect in the United States..................................... f. Due-process restrictions on jurisdiction toadjudicate. .. g. Agency and alter ego analysis.......................................... h. International law. ............................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Claims Concerning Property Taken in Violation of Interna tional Law ........................................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Rights in property taken in violation of international law.................................................................................. b. Connection to the United States...................................... c. Violation of international law. ........................................ d. Rights in property. ........................................................... Reporters’
Notes...................................................................... Claims Based on Rights to Property in the United States .. Comment:................................................................................. a. Rights in property acquired by succession or gift.......... b. Rights in immovable property. ........................................ XXVIII 329 330 330 331 331 331 332 332 332 341 342 342 342 343 344 344 351 352 352 352 352 353 353 353 353 353 354 363 364 364 364 364 364 365 374 374 374 374
TABLE OF CONTENTS 457. 458. 459. 460. c. Substantive law.................................................................. d. Attachment and execution................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Claims in NoncommercialTort ............................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Liability for tortious acts.................................................. b. Standards of liability. ...................................................... c. Liability for acts or omissions of agents........................... d. Discretionary functions..................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Claims Arising from Agreements to Arbitrate...................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Jurisdiction arising from agreement toarbitrate............. b. Relevant treaties concerningenforcement of arbitral awards........................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... Claims in Admiralty................................................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Maritime liens................................................................... b. Notice
requirements.......................................................... c. Preferred ship mortgages.................................................. Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... Claims Against StateSponsors of Terrorism ......................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Jurisdiction to adjudicate.................................................. b. Jurisdiction to enforce....................................................... Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 374 374 375 378 378 378 378 378 379 379 385 385 385 386 386 391 391 391 391 391 392 395 396 396 396 396 Subchapter В Procedures in Civil Suits Against Foreign Sovereigns Section 461. Service of Process,Venue,Removal ......................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Service upon foreign state and upon agencies or instrumentalities of aforeign state distinguished.... b. Priority of means of service upon foreign state....... 403 c. Priority of means of service upon state agencies or instrumentalities................................................... 403 d. Documents to be served............................................. 404 e. Venue in actions against states and actions against state agencies or instrumentalities distinguished. ... f. Forum non conveniens and motions to transfer venue. . g.
Removal....................................................................... 405 h. Suits by aliens............................................................ 405 Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 462. Discovery ................................................................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Discovery in federal court.......................................... 409 XXIX 402 402 402 404 404 405 409 409
TABLE OF CONTENTS b. Jurisdictional discovery.................................................... c. Discovery from a nonparty foreign state......................... d. Posting of security. ........................................................... e. Discovery sanctions........................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 463. Default Judgment Against Foreign State ............................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Default judgment against a foreign state........................ b. Evidence satisfactory to the court.................................... c. Foreign state treated like the United States................... d. Opportunity to set aside default or default judgment; execution of default judgment...................................... e. Default judgment as sanction for failing to comply with discovery....................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 410 410 410 410 410 413 413 413 413 414 414 414 414 Subchapter C Enforcement Measures Against Foreign Sovereigns in Support of Civil Litigation Section 464. Execution or Other Enforcement of Judgment Against Foreign State ...................................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Adjudication versus enforcement.....................................
b. General rule....................................................................... c. Execution on property of states and state instrumentalities distinguished................................... d. Prejudgment attachment prohibited................................ e. Immunity from post-judgment attachment...................... f. Excepted categories........................................................... g. State-sponsored terrorism................................................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 419 419 420 CHAPTER 8 RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES Section 481. Recognition of Foreign Judgments ........................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Governing law.................................................................... b. Recognition and enforcement distinguished.................... c. Judgments entitled to recognition.................................... d. Final, conclusive, and enforceable judgment................... e. Decision to stay proceedings in the United States......... f. Judgment of a court.......................................................... g. Default judgments............................................................. h. Effect of Full Faith and Credit Clause............................ XXX 437 438 438 438 438 438 439 439 439 439
TABLE OF CONTENTS Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 482. Procedure to ObtainRecognition ............................................ Comment:................................................................................. a. Forms of action.................................................................. b. Personal jurisdiction.......................................................... Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 483. Mandatory Grounds forNonrecognition................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Mandatory nature.............................................................. b. Impartial tribunals............................................................ c. Procedures compatible with fundamental principles of fairness.......................................................................... d. Systemic and proceeding-specific challenges to impartiality and fairness distinguished...................... e. Personal jurisdiction.......................................................... f. Subject-matter jurisdiction............................................... g. SPEECH Act...................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 484. Discretionary Grounds for Nonrecognition ...........................
Comment:................................................................................. a. Incorporation into State law............................................. b. Discretionary rather than mandatory. ........................... c. Lack of notice..................................................................... d. Fraud.................................................................................. e. Public policy. ..................................................................... f. Conflict with another final judgment............................... g. Contrary to a dispute-resolution agreement................... h. Seriously inconvenient forum........................................... i. Substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court............................................................................... j. Incompatibility with fundamental principles of fairness.......................................................................... k. Reciprocity......................................................................... l. Exclusive grounds for nonrecognition.............................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 485. Burdens of Proof...................................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Burden of proof................................................................. b. Burdens and presumptions............................................... c. The content of foreign
law with respect to judgments. . Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 486. Enforcement of ForeignJudgments ....................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Relationship to recognition............................................... b. Enforceable to same extent as a local judgment............. c. Personal jurisdiction.......................................................... XXXI 439 444 444 444 444 444 446 446 446 446 447 447 447 447 447 448 452 453 453 453 454 454 454 455 455 455 456 456 456 456 457 465 466 466 466 466 467 469 469 469 469 469
TABLE OF CONTENTS Reporters’ Notes ...................................................................... 487. Claim and Issue Preclusion ................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Claim and issue preclusion distinguished....................... b. Claim preclusion................................................................ c. Issue preclusion................................................................. d. Effect in the state of origin............................................... e. Default judgments............................................................. Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 488. Foreign Injunctions.................................................................. Comment:................................................................................. a. Foreign injunctions and comity....................................... b. Standards for recognition.................................................. c. Remedies............................................................................ Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 489. Tax and Penal Judgments...................................................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Status in U.S. law.............................................................. b. Penal judgments
defined................................................... c. Tax judgments defined...................................................... d. Mixed judgments............................................................... e. Indirect enforcement......................................................... f. Taking account of foreign tax and penal judgments for other purposes............................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 490. Judgments Denominated in Foreign Currency..................... Comment:................................................................................. a. Law governing judgments denominated in foreign currencies...................................................................... b. Choice of currency. ........................................................... c. Exchange rate.................................................................... Reporters’ Notes...................................................................... 469 470 471 471 471 471 471 471 471 474 474 474 475 475 475 476 476 476 476 477 477 477 Parallel Tables.................................................................................... Table of Statutes................................................................................. Table of Cases...................................................................................... Index 491 503 515 XXXII 477 477 486 486 486 486 487 487
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discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
format | Book |
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geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
geographic_facet | USA |
id | DE-604.BV045295067 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:14:06Z |
institution | BVB |
institution_GND | (DE-588)1027003-6 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030682351 |
oclc_num | 1101920184 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 |
owner_facet | DE-188 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 |
physical | XXXV, 550, 40 Seiten Cumulative annual pocket part |
publishDate | 2018 |
publishDateSearch | 2018 |
publishDateSort | 2018 |
publisher | American Law Institute Publishers |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index as adopted and promulgated by the American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 22, 2017 St. Paul, MN American Law Institute Publishers 2018 XXXV, 550, 40 Seiten Cumulative annual pocket part txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Außenbeziehungen (DE-588)4143618-0 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Außenbeziehungen (DE-588)4143618-0 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s DE-604 American Law Institute (DE-588)1027003-6 edt Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030682351&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Außenbeziehungen (DE-588)4143618-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4143618-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
title | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index |
title_auth | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index |
title_exact_search | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index |
title_full | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index as adopted and promulgated by the American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 22, 2017 |
title_fullStr | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index as adopted and promulgated by the American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 22, 2017 |
title_full_unstemmed | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index as adopted and promulgated by the American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 22, 2017 |
title_short | Restatement of the law fourth, the foreign relations law of the United States |
title_sort | restatement of the law fourth the foreign relations law of the united states selected topics in treaties jurisdiction and sovereign immunity 301 313 401 464 481 490 tables and index |
title_sub | selected topics in treaties, jurisdiction, and sovereign immunity : §§ 301-313; 401-464; 481-490, tables and index |
topic | Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Außenbeziehungen (DE-588)4143618-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Recht Außenbeziehungen USA |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030682351&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT americanlawinstitute restatementofthelawfourththeforeignrelationslawoftheunitedstatesselectedtopicsintreatiesjurisdictionandsovereignimmunity301313401464481490tablesandindex |