Women's sports: what everyone needs to know
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2018]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 243 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780190657703 9780190657710 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804179060542144512 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
FIGURE AND TABLES xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
ABBREVIATIONS xvii
1 Why Women’s Sport Matters 1
Why does sport matter? 1
Why does girls’ and women’s sport matter? 2
What counts as a sport? 5
Case study: Is cheerleading a sport? 6
2 A Brief History of Women’s Sport 10
How long have women played sport? 10
What marked the beginning of the modern age of sport and what did
it mean for women? 13
What were the medical rationales for keeping women out of sport? 17
What were the aesthetic rationales for keeping women out of sport? 19
What were the social rationales for keeping women out of sport? 20
Were the 1920s the “golden age of sport”? 21
What were industrial leagues? 21
viii Contents
How did the history of racial and ethnic segregation and oppression
affect sport for American girls and women? 23
When and how did physical educators change their collective
philosophy about competitive sport for girls and women ? 27
3 The Influence of Title IX 29
What is Title IX?
How has Title IX influenced girls ’ and women s participation in sport? 30
How do athletic programs comply with Title IX? 33
if athletic departments do not directly receive federal funding, are
they exempt from Title IX? 34
is Title IX to blame when athletic departments cut men’s programs? 35
What is gender equity? 36
Do we still need Title IX, as it applies to athletics? 37
How does Title IX apply to cases of sexual harassment and
sexual violence? 37
4 Gender and Sport 41
Do the terms sex” and “gender mean the same thing? 41
How does gender affect girls’ and women’s participation in sport? 42
What are some examples of gendered differences in sport? 44
How do uniforms express gender differences in men’s and
women’s sport? 46
What is the feminine apologetic? 48
Is muscularity a gendered characteristic? 49
5 Sexualities and Sport 53
What were the historical concerns about women s sexuality in sport? 53
Does “sex seif” women’s sport? 54
What is the Lingerie Football League ? 57
Contents ix
What is homophobia? 58
What are some of the ways that homophobia affects women’s sport? 60
Are there sports opportunities organized specifically for LGBTQ athletes? 63
Are things getting better for gay; lesbian, bisexual, and queer athletes? 64
6 Sex Segregation 66
Why do we segregate sport on the basis of sex? 66
Should we segregate sport according to sex? 68
Are women closing the “muscle gap ” in sport? 70
What are some examples of sex-integrated sport? 71
Why do girls and women play softball while boys and men
play baseball? 73
Is there really any such thing as “throwing like a girl“? 75
Does Title IX permit girls and women to play on boys and men 7s teams? 76
Does Title IX permit boys and men to play on girls ’ and women fs teams ? 77
What are “sex tests in women fs sport? 78
What is hyperandrogenism? 81
What policies do organizations follow with regard to
transgender athletes? 83
7 The Olympic and Paralympic Games 87
How is the Olympic Movement organized and what role do women
play in its organization? 87
How long have women been competing in the Olympic Games? 90
What Olympic sports have been the most difficult for women to
gain access? 91
Do women compete in the same Olympic sports as men? 96
Are there any negative consequences to adding new sports and
events to the Olympic program? 98
Do all National Olympic Committees send female athletes to
the Games? 99
What are the Paralympic Games? 101
x Contents
How is the Paralympic Movement organized and what role do
women play in the organization? 103
Do men and women compete equally at the Paralympic Games? 104
Do all National Paralympic Committees send female athletes to
the Games? 106
Do the Paralympic Games receive the same amount of media
coverage as the Olympic Games? 106
8 Women, Sport, and the Media 109
Do male and female athletes receive the same amount of coverage
in sport media? 109
Isn’t this difference in coverage based on consumer interest? 110
How does the coverage of women’s sport differ from the coverage
of men’s sport? 111
Are sportswomen of color treated differently in sport media? 114
Are Muslim women treated differently in sport media? 118
Are there any significant themes that emerge in the media coverage
ofparasport or female athletes with impairments? 119
Has new and electronic media changed the coverage of
women’s sport? 121
What is the status of women in sport journalism? 122
What types of challenges do women sport journalists face? 123
Are women journalists allowed in men’s looker rooms? 126
9 Professional Opportunities 129
What is the status of women in coaching positions? 129
What is the status of women in other positions of authority in sport? 132
Are there any professional sports in which women earn the same
amount of money as men? 135
In what sports are pay disparities between men and women athletes
the widest? 137
How do the WNBA and other professional women’s leagues survive? 141
Why aren’t women’s professional sports more successful? 144
Contents xi
10 The Sport-Health Connection 146
Is sport healthy? 146
Do female athletes have health concerns that are different from
those of male athletes? 148
Does menstruation Influence women’s sport participation ? 150
What is the female athlete triad? 151
In what sports are female athletes most susceptible to disordered
eating patterns? 152
Is it OK to compete in sport while pregnant? 153
What performance-enhancing drugs do women use and what are
the effects? 155
Does sport put girls and women at risk for sexual violence? 160
There is a lot in the news concerning sexual abuse scandals in
sport: Is this anew phenomenon ? 163
What is being done to address and prevent sexual abuse in sport? 166
11 Moving On 169
If sport provides so many benefits, why don t all girls and women
participate? 169
Are there any places where it is illegal for women to play sport? 171
Is sport a human right? 173
What is Sport for Development and Peace? 175
Are things getting better for girls and women in sport? 177
NOTES 181
BIBLIOGRAPHY 211
INDEX 239
Women s sport is more than about games; it’s also about transformation and empowerment.
In this important book, Jaime Schulz tells us how sport is rapidly changing the world s per-
ception of women, and why it matters.
—KATHRINE SWITZER, First woman to run the Boston Marathon, author of Marathon
Woman, and founder of 261Fearless.org
Schultz provides just the right balance of depth and breadth to provide the reader with an
understanding of how women s experience in sports is affected by larger cultural systems of
inequality based on sex, class, race, gender identity, sexual orientation and religion. This is a
great book for anyone who seeks to better understand women s sports in the context of con-
temporary social forces that affect women s access to the competitive athletic experience.
—PAT GRIFFIN, Professor Emerita, Social Justice Education, University of Massachusetts
Amherst
Women s Sports presents the most up-to-date information in concise, elegant prose. It
explores the ways gender, sex, and sexuality (in connection with race, ethnicity, religion, and
disability status) inform women s athletic participation. Most of all, the book makes clear the
importance of women s sport not only to participants but to our broader knowledge of sport,
culture, and society.
—SUSAN CAHN, Professor of History and Global Gender and Sexuality Studies, University
of Buffalo
Using a wide range of popular and historical sources, Jaime Schultz traces the progress and
pitfalls of women s involvement in sport. By attending to issues such as gender, sexuality,
sex segregation, the Olympic and Paralympic Games, media coverage, and the sport-health
connection, Schultz shows why women s sports are vital for players, fans, and society.
Jaime Schultz is Associate Professor of Kinesiology at Penn State. An award-
winning teacher and Fulbright scholar, Schultz is the author or editor of
five books and fifty article or book chapters. She serves as the academic
editor of the International Journal of the History of Sport (Americas) and
as co-editor for the University of Illinois Press Sport and Society series.
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
www.oup.com
ISBN 978-0-19-065770-3
90000
9 780190 657703
U.S. $16.95
Cover image: © Reuters/ Lucy Nicholson
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