Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien: = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Společnost pro církevní právo
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | Vydání první |
| Schriftenreihe: | Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva
svazek 2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 197-204 |
| Beschreibung: | 208 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9788090650114 |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Obsah
Vorwort ............................................................ 7
1 Die historische Entwicklung der Gleichberechtigung von
Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften ............................. 9
1.1 Die Anwendung des Grundsatzes cuius regio eius religio
und seine Durchbrechung..................................... 9
1.2 Konfessionsrechtliche Folgen des Revolutionsjahres 1848 .... 15
1.3 Die Dezemberverfassung von 1867 und ihre Folgen ........... 24
1.4 Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Anerkennung neuer religiöser
Subjekte während der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie ... 33
1.5 Der Versuch eine wirkliche Parität der Religionsbekenntnisse
in der Zeit der ersten tschechoslowakischen Republik zu
erreichen ................................................. 46
2 Die Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in der Zeit von
der totalitären Machtherrschaft zu den freiheitlichen
demokratischen Verhältnissen................................. 55
2.1 Das Unrecht der Zeit des Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren
(1939-1945)................................................ 55
2.2 Die erzwungene Anerkennung der Kirchen während
des kommunistischen Regimes (1948—1989) ................... 59
2.3 Die rechtliche Anerkennung von Kirchen und
Religionsgesellschaften bis zum Gesetz N. 308/1991 Sb...... 64
2.4 Die rechtliche Kontinuität der Katholischen Kirche ........ 72
2.5 Die Möglichkeit einer legalen Anerkennung von Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschaften im Gesetz N. 308/1991 Sb..... 76 3
3 Die Registrierung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften
nach der aktuellen Rechtsregelung .............................. 87
3.1 Das Kirchengesetz N. 3/2002 Sb............................. 87
3.2 Der Übergang zur vollberechtigten Stellung der Kirche
oder Religionsgesellschaft................................. 93
3.3 Die Zwei Stufen der Registrierung der Kirchen und
Religionsgesellschaften .................................... 100
3.4 Die qualitativen Bedingungen des Wirkens von Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschaften ................................ 104
3.5 Die gemäß dem Gesetz N. 3/2002 Sb. registrierten Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschaften ................................ 109
3.6 Probleme der Anerkennung von Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschaften in der Slowakei ................ 125
3.7 Bünde der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften .............. 132
3.8 Die Sonderrechte im Kirchengesetz........................... 135
3.9 Tschechisches Vertragsrecht mit Kirchen .................... 138
3.10 Das Eherecht im System der Sonderrechte ................... 152
3.11 Das Beichtgeheimnis als Sonderrecht ....................... 159
3.12 Religionsunterricht und Kirchliches Schulwesen
als Sonderrechte ...................................... 162 4
4 Der Vermögensausgleich mit den Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschalten ...................................... 169
4.1 Das Problem der Kirchenrestitutionen bis 2013 .............. 169
4.2 Die einzelnen Versuche um Kirchenrestitutionen bis 2013..... 175
4.3 Gesetz über den Vermögensausgleich mit den Kirchen
und Religionsgesellschaften................................. 179
Schlusswort......................................................... 193
Literatur........................................................... 197
Summary............................................................. 205
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druhé svétové vdlce I -II., Praha: Zvon, 1990.
VOJTISEK, Zdenék, Enfant terrible mezi ceskymi církvemi. Charismatické
hnutí u nds, in: Dingir 3/1999, S. 24—25.
VOJTÍSEK, Zdenék, Encyklopedie ndbozenskych smérü v Ceské republice.
Ndbozenství církve, sekty, duchovní spolecenství, Praha: Portál, 2004.
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ndbozenskych hnutí v Ceské republice, in: Theologickd revue 2/2003,
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v 19. stoletípodle doktriny encykliky „Quanta cura((a Syllabu errorum,
Praha - Brno: Orbis, 1932.
Literatur
WIE RER, Rudolf, Uznänia prdvnipostaveni ndbozenskych spolecnosttpodle
zdkona z 20. kvetna 1874, c. 68 f. z., Praha - Brno: Orbis, 1935.
WIESHAIDER, Wolfgang, TRETERA, Jifi Rajmund (Koord.), Recht und
Religion in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Band 2 — Tschechien, Wien: WUV
Universitätsverlag, 2004.
204
Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien
6
Summary
The Juridical Position of the Churches and Religious Societies in the
Czech Republic
The present book examines Czech religion law and the relationships
between the churches and the state in the Czech Republic, containing
four constituent chapters in chronological order. The first chapter, called
“The Historical Development of the Equalization of Churches and Re-
ligious Societies”, starts with the period of Habsburg dynastic govern-
ment during the Thirty Years War. The Counter-Reformation direction
of Habsburg politics led to the acknowledgement and promotion of the
only religious confession, i.e., the Roman Catholic confession. Only
Joseph II with his Tolerance Patent from 1781 admitted Greek Orthodox
and Protestant confessions, even if there were many restrictions. Further
development in the 19th century attests that the Austrian State of the time
was gradually willing to acknowledge more religious confessions, except
during the period 1855-1870, when the concordat between the Holy
See and the Austrian Empire, which privileged the Catholic Church, was
in force. Bohemia and Moravia were, until 1918, part of the empire and
there are some remarks from Czech writing experts on the religion law of
that time in the footnotes, stating that Austrian legislation was valid in
Czech territory. The First Czechoslovak Republic (1918—1938) adopted
Austrian legislation on the churches and thus the state acknowledged, on
that basis, some other new churches, of which the most numerous until
today are the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and the Czechoslovak
(Hussite) Church. The Islamic Hanefite Confession, acknowledged by
the Austrian State in 1912, did not establish any religious community in
Czechoslovak territory, such that the continuity of this acknowledgement
was interrupted.
Summary
205
The second chapter» called “The Churches and Religious Societies in
the Period from Totalitarian Rule to Free Democratic Conditions”, de-
monstrates the dramatic damage inflicted on religious freedom in the Nazi
Protectorate period (1939—1945), in the case of not only Jewish Synago-
gues but Orthodox Churches, whose representatives participated actively
in the assassination of Deputy Reich Protector, Reinhard Heydrich. The
communist regime, which achieved unlimited totalitarian power in 1948,
declared itself as atheist. Despite the countless persecutions of churches
and their believers, the regime forced some smaller Protestant churches to
be officially acknowledged, so that they could be subjected easily to state
control. The regime tempted to eliminate the whole of the Greek Catholic
Church in 1950 and only the atmosphere of political development during
the “Prague Spring” in 1968 made it possible to re-establish a legal basis
for this part of the Catholic Church to operate. The male religious orders,
also illegally suppressed in 1950, could renew their transparent life only
after the transition to democracy in 1989. The new situation at that time
made it possible to anchor the constitutional guarantees of individual
religious freedom and the corporative freedom of churches. Act no. 308,
issued in 1991, opened up the possibility of the legal acknowledgement
of new churches and religious societies after more than 40 years. However,
the conditions for an acknowledged church to achieve legal status were
unattainable for many religious subjects, because of the requirement of
10,000 members’ signatures, which was too high for them, given that there
are only 10,500,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic.
The third chapter, called “The Registration of Churches and Religious
Societies According to Todays Legal Regulations”, discusses the currently
valid Act no. 3, issued in 2002, which reduced, down to the mere 300,
the number of necessary signatures in order to request the state to ack-
nowledge a new church. The act aggravated the administrative demands
from all churches, whether already acknowledged by the state or not. The
Czech Constitutional Court intervened on the basis of a group proposal
206
Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien
from senators and abolished several provisions of the act, which could
have diluted the attained standards of corporative religious freedom in the
Czech Republic. New churches or religious societies, which can obtain
300 signatures from among their believers and realize other prescribed
conditions, are legally acknowledged as juridical persons and may establish
their own institutions registered by the state. However, they cannot be
granted “special rights”, as these may only be enjoyed by the churches,
which have made use of them since Act no. 3 came into effect in 2002:
namely, the establishing of church schools, the teaching of religion in
public schools, the military and pastoral care in prisons, the celebration
of marriages valid before the state, maintaining confidentiality with re-
gard to the seal of confession and, as previously, the right to be financed
by the state budget. Only those churches or religious societies that have
been registered by the state for at least 10 years and whose congregation is
higher than one per thousand of Czech Republic inhabitants can officially
receive these “special rights”. The actual number of all registered churches
and religious societies is 40; but, none of the newly registered churches has
been granted “special rights”, which would allow them to cooperate more
closely with the state. Nevertheless, the new churches and other religious
subjects, acknowledged in the recent years by the state, have made the
religious scene in the Czech Republic more lucid. There are many small
Christian churches of a Pentecostal origin, especially those that form part
of the Movement of Faith; but there are also some subjects of Indian
and Far East religions, such as Hare Krishna, Vishwa Nirmala Dharma
or Tberavada Buddhism. Examples of other spiritual streams include the
Islamic communities registered in 2004 or the Armenian Apostolic Church
in 2013. In the Czech Republic, there was an attempt to stipulate a con-
cordat with the Holy See in 2003, but the Parliament has not ratified this
treaty. Anyway, there are contracts between state organs and churches in
the Czech Republic, of which the most important are stipulated in the
sphere of military and prison pastoral care.
Summary
207
The fourth chapter presents the most important change concerning
churches in the present period. After the political changes of 1989, a great
problem with church financing arose because of the church property that
was illegally sequestered by the communist regime. The totalitarian state
of that time obliged itself to finance the churches and its servants. This
financing model served, above all, to control the life of the churches and
believers. The churches, especially the Catholic Church, appealed to the
state, after 1989, to suppress this dependence on the state as created by
the totalitarian regime and to return the material properties that had been
stolen to the church, so that they could set up a financing system indepen-
dent of the state. This question very soon became politically controversial;
only after many attempts during the whole period after 1989, the decisive
Act no. 428 from 2012 on a property settlement between the state and
the churches was issued. For the possessions that cannot be returned for
various reasons, the churches have been granted financial compensation,
to be paid for 30 years since the act came into effect. The state should
also help the churches for 17 years by paying them a contribution for
their activity. It is supposed that the churches would gradually move to
a desirable self-financing model.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
208
Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Přibyl, Stanislav 1966- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1051880068 |
| author_facet | Přibyl, Stanislav 1966- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Přibyl, Stanislav 1966- |
| author_variant | s p sp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045264585 |
| classification_rvk | PL 720 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1060990562 (DE-599)BVBBV045264585 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | Vydání první |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei Tschechien Böhmische Länder |
| id | DE-604.BV045264585 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:13:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788090650114 |
| language | German Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030652461 |
| oclc_num | 1060990562 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-824 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-824 |
| physical | 208 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200929 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Společnost pro církevní právo |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva |
| series2 | Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva |
| spelling | Přibyl, Stanislav 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)1051880068 aut Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Stanislav Přibyl The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Vydání první Praha Společnost pro církevní právo 2018 208 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva svazek 2 Literaturverzeichnis Seite 197-204 Text deutsch, teilweise tschechisch Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 g Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 s Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva svazek 2 (DE-604)BV045264565 2 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030652461&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030652461&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030652461&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Přibyl, Stanislav 1966- Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Knižnice církevního a konfesního práva Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030702-5 (DE-588)4134078-4 (DE-588)4078435-6 (DE-588)4303381-7 (DE-588)4069573-6 |
| title | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
| title_alt | The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
| title_auth | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
| title_exact_search | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
| title_full | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Stanislav Přibyl |
| title_fullStr | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Stanislav Přibyl |
| title_full_unstemmed | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic Stanislav Přibyl |
| title_short | Die Rechtsstellung der Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften in Tschechien |
| title_sort | die rechtsstellung der kirchen und religionsgesellschaften in tschechien the juridical position of the churches and religious societies in the czech republic |
| title_sub | = The juridical position of the Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic |
| topic | Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd Rechtsstellung (DE-588)4134078-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kirche Rechtsstellung Tschechoslowakei Tschechien Böhmische Länder |
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| volume_link | (DE-604)BV045264565 |
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