Bulgaria under communism:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2019
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe
3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 461 Seiten Diagramm |
| ISBN: | 9780815372790 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV045262732 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20200430 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 181029s2019 xxu|||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 018019019 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780815372790 |c hbk. |9 978-0-8153-7279-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1076299057 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045262732 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxu |c US | ||
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-Bo133 |a DE-11 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a DR90 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 949.903/1 |2 23 | |
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 084 | |a NQ 8250 |0 (DE-625)128964: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Znepolski, Ivajlo |d 1940- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)124945643 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bulgaria under communism |c Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow |
| 264 | 1 | |a London ; New York |b Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |c 2019 | |
| 300 | |a xiii, 461 Seiten |b Diagramm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe |v 3 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1944-1990 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communism |z Bulgaria |x History | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sozialismus |0 (DE-588)4055785-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kommunismus |0 (DE-588)4031892-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Bulgaria |x History |y 1944-1990 | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Bulgarien |0 (DE-588)4008866-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Bulgarien |0 (DE-588)4008866-2 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Kommunismus |0 (DE-588)4031892-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Sozialismus |0 (DE-588)4055785-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1944-1990 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gruev, Michail Ivanov |d 1971- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139092781 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Metodiev, Momčil |d 1969- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)136557562 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ivanov, Martin Ivanov |d 1970- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)135635586 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vačkov, Daniel |d 1964- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)137850565 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Elenkov, Ivan |d 1956- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133208524 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dojnov, Plamen |d 1969- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)136184502 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, ebk. |z 978-1-351-24491-6 |
| 830 | 0 | |a Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe |v 3 |w (DE-604)BV046245355 |9 3 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Gemischte Register |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20200309 | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 499 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 499 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 330.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 499 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030650646 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806961091465445376 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Acknowledgments x
List of abbreviations xii
Introduction: how should we write the history of
communist Bulgaria? 1
The problem of distance: from close up and far away 1
Why the silence about communism? 4
Macrohistory; or, history from the “bottom up” 6
The trajectory of the regime: three provisionally differentiated
periods 11
The regime and society in an interdisciplinary perspective 18
The People's Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of
Bulgaria: continuity or a break? 20
Historical background: the Communist Party’s path
to power 28
The building of the modern Bulgarian state 28
The upswing of the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning
of the twentieth century 29
Bulgaria's participation in wars from 1912 to 1918 and the
subsequent catastrophe 32
The intense struggles of the interwar period 33
The initial phase of the war and Bulgarian neutrality (1939-1941) 37
Bulgaria in the orbit of the Third Reich (1941-1944) 41
PARTI
The times of high Stalinism 53
1 Bulgaria in the shadow of Stalin 55
Establishment of the Fatherland Front government in Bulgaria 55
vi Contents
The Moscow Truce and Bulgaria s participation in the final stage
of World War II 60
Conflicts within the Fatherland Front and the formation of a legal
opposition to the regime 64
The intensification of social-political struggles within the country 68
Signing the peace treaty with Bulgaria 74
Convening a Grand National Assembly and the liquidation of
the opposition 76
2 Georgi Dimitrov and “the people’s democracy”
Georgi Dimitrov and his diary 86
Dimitrov and Stalin 87
On the nature of “thepeople's democracy” 92
3 Bulgaria in the years of classical Stalinism
The second major wave of repression 100
Vâlko Chervenkov: the new charismatic leader 103
4 Building the communist economy in Bulgaria
The postwar economic crisis and the beginning of deep
transformations within the Bulgarian economy (1944—1947) 106
The sovietization of the Bulgarian economy (1948—1953) 116
Ideas for Bulgaria's economic development as a weapon in power
struggles (1953—1956) 121
5 The Bulgarian village under communism: collectivization,
social change, and adaptation
At the crossroads between private and collective agriculture 126
Tools for imposing the Soviet kolkhoz model 130
The first stage of mass collectivization 135
The TKZSs and social change in the Bulgarian village 137
The villagers' resistance 139
The temporary lull 141
The final push toward mass collectivization 142
The villagers' strategies for adaptation 144
6 The goryani: armed resistance against communist repression
7 The sovietization of Bulgaria: a basic resource for the new
communist authorities
Objective factors in the sovietization of Bulgaria 156
Subjective factors in sovietization 161
Entanglement in the totalitarian web 164
84
99
106
126
149
156
Contents vii
8 State Security within the structure of the communist
state: ruling through violence 168
Building State Security 168
Political repression 170
Organizational principles 171
Intelligence departments 176
Domestic security and political police 181
9 Education and culture within the system of the
communist state 189
The new government’s educational policy 190
The seizure and centralization of cultural institutes and independent
organizations of intellectuals 193
Censorship institutions 195
The imposition of socialist realism in the literature and culture of
communist Bulgaria 197
10 Communist Bulgaria’s foreign policy and the Cold War 205
The idea of a south Slavic federation and its failure 205
The signing of the peace treaty and the official establishment of
Bulgaria’s status as a Soviet satellite 207
Bulgaria and international relations within the borders of the
Eastern Bloc 208
Bulgaria’s relations with the United States and other Western
countries during the Cold War 210
Bulgaria and bloc-internal crises 213
Bulgaria and the Third World 214
PART II
From sheepish de-Stalinization toward the consolidation of
the regime and its penetration into everyday life 219
11 After Stalin: political processes within “real socialism” 221
A timid thaw in Bulgarian society 223
The 1956 April Plenum of the Central Committee of the BCP
and its consequences 228
Todor Zhivkov’s seizure of absolute power 233
Factional struggles and conspiracies within in the BCP during the
1960s and the early 1970s 237
The Zhivkov Constitution of 1971 and the leader’s new cult of
personality 241
Old foreign policy with a new voice 244
Bulgaria and the end of the Cold War 247
viii Contents
12 The course toward accelerated economic development
and reform of the economic model
In search of new economic priorities 252
Communist Bulgaria's first debt crisis (1960—1964) 254
The first timid attempts at reforming the economic model
(1963-1968) 258
Substitutes for reform (1968—1976) 263
The secondforeign-debt crisis (1973—1978) 268
“The new economic mechanism" (1979—1980) 272
Economic or political restructuring: Zhivkov withlversus
Gorbachev 275
13 Sovietization in the shadow of Khrushchev and the
Brezhnev Doctrine
14 In search of a communist model of consumer society
Reasons for consensus instead of violence 290
The paths to constructing a feigned consensus 293
Disintegration of the feigned consensus 301
15 Processes within society: the division of the public and
private spheres
16 The ghosts of national communism and pressure on
Muslim communities
Pressure and survival during the 1960s and early 1970s 314
“The Revival Process" from the mid-1970s through the 1980s 319
17 The church on the periphery of society
Christian churches: a struggle to survive under Stalinism 324
Elevation of the international status of the Bulgarian Orthodox
Church 328
The isolation of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church under Patriarch
Kiril (1953—1971) and Patriarch Maxim 331
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church's international and ecumenical
activities 334
18 Processes within the culture of “real socialism”
Lyudmila Zhivkova and the new cultural policy: unified long-term
cultural programs 341
The historicization of culture and the transformation of classical
ideological postulates 343
Crisis and mimicry in socialist realism: discursive tension 346
252
281
289
306
313
324
340
Contents ix
The alternatives: vacillation and acknowledgment 349
From the invisible turn during the 1970s and 1980s to the slow
advance of alternatives 351
PART III
The collapse and peaceful withdrawal of communism in Bulgaria 355
19 The deepening crises and the paralyzation of the regime 357
Reform fever to the bitter end: from the July Conception to
Decree 56 357
The foreign-debt trap 360
The collapse of the “Revival Process” and the intensification
of Bulgaria s international isolation 364
Perestroika-re/a ¿erf processes in late-communist culture 367
Socialist realism as an abandoned fortress 369
20 The limits of the communist model and an evaluation
of the regime’s social policy 373
A social policy “in service of the people” 377
Sources and uses of nostalgia 381
Justice and solidarity in the communist état-providence 383
Social benefits and the social corruption of the masses 388
Social rights and their internal erosion: an element of communist
Bulgaria’s final crisis 401
21 Gorbachev’s perestroika and its influence on processes
in Bulgaria 407
Gorbachev’s perestroika and Zhivkov’s perestruvka 409
The “grand era of the intelligentsia” and the late Bulgarian
dissident movement 410
The November 10 coup and Todor Zhivkov’s removal from power 414
22 The beginning of the Great Transition 418
Timeline of the People's Republic of Bulgaria 423
Leading historical figures from the period 432
Bibliography 444
Index 450
Bibliography
Avramov, Dimitár. Letopis na edno dramatichno desetiletie: Bdlgarskoto izkustvo
mezhdu 1955—1965 g. [Chronicle of a Dramatic Decade: Bulgarian Art Between 1955
and 1965]. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1994.
Avramov, Rumen. Komunalniyat kapitalizdm. Iz bdlgarskoto stopansko mínalo
[Communal Capitalism: From the Bulgarian Economic Past], vol. III. Sofia: FBNK/
TsLS, 2007.
-----Pari i defstabilizatsiya v Bdlgariya 1948—1989 [Money and the Destabilization of
Bulgaria 1948-1989]. Sofia: Insitute for the Study of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2008.
Baeva, Iskra. “Aprilskiyat plenum: predpostavki, problemi i posledstviya” [The April
Plenum: Preconditions, Problems and Consequences]. Novo vreme, 81 (2006) (6-7):
137—146.
-----Todor Zhivkov. Sofia: Kama, 2006.
Bakalov, Ivan. Prevratadzhii ot parvo litse. Zagovorite sreshtu Todor Zhivkov [Coup
Participants in the First Person: Conspiracies against Todor Zhivkov]. Sofia:
Milenium, 2008.
Bdlgariya i Rusiya prez XX vek: Bdlgaro-ruski nauchni diskusii [Bulgaria and Russia
during the Twentieth Century: Búlgaro-Russian Scholarly Discussions]. Sofia:
Gutenberg, 2000.
Bankov, Kristian. Konsumativnoto obshtestvo [Consumer Society]. Sofia: LIK, 2009.
Bárgár, P. Kapitalisticheskata revolyutsiya: Petdeset tvdrdeniya za prosperiteta,
ravenstvoto i svobodata [The Capitalist Revolution: Fifty Claims about Prosperity,
Equality and Freedom]. Sofia: Ciela, 1998.
BNB: Godishen otchet [BNB: Annual Report]. Sofia: BNB, 1990.
Bochev, Stefan. Be lene, skazanie za kontslagerna Bdlgariya [Belene, a Story
about Bulgarian Concentration Camps]. Sofia: Fondatsiya “Bálgarska nauka i
izkustvo,” 2003.
Boychev, Yordan. Povishavane blagosdstoyanieto na naroda - glavna grizha na BKP
[Improving the Welfare of the People: The BCP 's Main Concern]. Sofia, Izdatelstvo
na BKP, 1971.
Boyadzhieva, Pepka. Sotsialnoto inzhenerstvo. Politiki za priem vdv vis shite uchilishta
prez komunisticheskiya rezhim v Bdlgariya [Social Engineering. Politics for
Acceptance in Institutes for Higher Education during the Communist Regime in
Bulgaria]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2010.
Brown, James Franklin, Eastern Europe under Communist Rule, Durham, NC: Duke
University Press, 1988.
Bibliography 445
—— Surge to Freedom: The End of Communist Rule in Eastern Europe, Durham, NC:
Duke University Press, 1991.
Brunnbauer, Ulf, “Die sozialistische Lebensweise”: Ideologic, Gesellschaft, Familie und
Politik in Bulgarien (1944-1989) [“The Socialist Way of Living”: Ideology\ Society,
Family and Politics in Bulgaria (1944-1989)], Weimar: Btshlau, 2007.
Chakarov, Kostadin. Vtoriyat etazh [Second Floor]. Sofia: K M, 1990.
----Ot vtoriya etazh kdm nashestvieto na demokratite [From the Second Floor to the
Inrush of the Democrats]. Sofia: Trud, 2001.
Chervenkov, Valko. Za izkustvoto i kulturata [On Art and Culture]. Sofia: Balgarski
pisatel, 1950.
Chichovska, Vesela. PoUtikata sreshtu prosvetnata traditsiya [The Policy against the
Enlightenment Tradition], 2nd edn. Sofia: Gutenberg, 2010.
Crampton, Richard, A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
Crane, Kate. The Soviet Economic Dilemma of Eastern Europe, Santa Monica, CA:
Project Air Force, 1986.
Creed, Gerald. Domesticating Revolution: From Socialist Reform to Ambivalent
Transition in a Bulgarian Village. Pennsylvania, PA: Pennsylvania State University
Press, 1997.
Daynov, Evgeniy. Politicheskiyat debat i prehodat v Bdlgariya [The Political Debate
and Transition in Bulgaria]. Sofia: Fondatsiya “Balgarska nauka i izkustvo,” 2000.
Dimitrov, Dimitar, Sdvetska Bdlgariya prez tri britanski mandata, 1956—1963: Iz arhiva
na Forin Ofis za sabitiya i lichnosti v Bdlgariya [Soviet Bulgaria during Three British
Mandates, 1956—1963: From the Archive of the Foreign Office about Events and
People in Bulgaria]. London: BBC Balgarska redaktsiya, 1994.
—— Sdvetska Bdlgariya prez tri britanski mandata 1964—1966: Iz arhiva na Forin Ofis
po vremeto na pdrviya britanski poslanik Uylyam Harpam [Soviet Bulgaria during
Three British Mandates, 1964—1966: From the Archive of the Foreign Office during
the Time of the First British Ambassador William Harpham]. London: BBC, 1999.
Dimitrov, Georgi. Dnevnik. 9 mart 1933-6 fevruari 1945 [Diary. March 9, 1933—
February 6, 1945]. Sofia: Sv. Kliment Ohridski, 1997.
Dochev, Donko. “Part 1 (1944—1964).” In Provintsialniyat totalitarizam [Provincial
Totalitarianism]. Plovdiv: Narodna biblioteka “Ivan Vazov,” 2007.
Doynov, Plamen, ed. Prinudeni tekstove: Samokritika na balgarski pisateli (1946—
1962) [Forced Texts: Self-Criticism by Bulgarian Writers (1946-1962)]. From the
series “Chemo na byalo. Literaturen arhiv na NRB [Black on White. Literary
Archive of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria].” Book 1. Sofia: Ciela, 2010.
----Balgarskiyat sotsrealizam 1956, 1968, 1989: Norma i kriza v literaturata na NRB
[Bulgarian Socialist Realism 1956, 1968, 1989: Norm and Crisis in the Literature of
the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent Past/
Ciela, 2011.
Draganov, Dragomir. V syankata na stalinizma. Komunisticheskoto dvizhenie sled
Vtorata svetovna voyna [In the Shadow of Stalinism: The Communist Movement
after World War II]. Sofia: Hristo Botev, 1990.
Elenkov, Ivan. Kulturniyat front. Bdlgarskata kultura prez epohata na komunizma -
politichesko upravlenie, ideologicheski osnovaniya, institutsionalni rezhimi [The
Cultural Front: Bulgarian Culture during the Communist Era - Political Management,
Ideological Foundations, Institutional Regimes]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the
Recent Past/Ciela, 2008.
446 Bibliography
Ewald, Francois, LïÉtat-providence [The Welfare State]. Paris: Grasset, 1986.
Feiwel, George. “Economic Development and Planning in Bulgaria in the 1970s,” in
Alec Nove, Hans-Hermann Hohmann, and Gertraud Seidenstecher (eds.), The
East European Economies in the 1970s, Cologne: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1982,
pp. 215-252.
Fotev, Georgi. Dâlgata nosht na komtmizma v Bâlgariya [The Long Night of Communism
in Bulgaria]. Sofia: Iztok-Zapad, 2008.
Genchev, Nikolay. Izbrani istoricheski trudove [Selected Historical Works], vol.
V. Spomeni [Memoirs]. Sofia: Gutenberg, 2005.
Gruev, Mihail. Preorani slogove: Kolektivizatsiya i sotsialna promyana v Bâlgarskiya
severozapad (40-te-50-te godini na XX vek [Replowing the Field Boundaries:
Collectivization and Social Change in the Bulgarian Northwest (1940s-1950s\. Sofia:
Institute for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2009.
Gruev, Mihail, and Aleksey Kalyonski. Vazroditelniyat protses: Myusyulmanskite
obshtnosti i komunisticheskiyat rezhim [The Revival Process: Muslim Communities and
the Communist Regime]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2008.
Hristov, Hristo. Sekretnoto delo za lagerite [The Secret Case of the Camps]. Sofia: Ivan
Vazov, 1999.
---- Taynite faliti na komunizma [The Secret Bankruptcies of Communism]. Sofia:
Ciela, 2007.
---- Todor Zhivkov. Biografiya [Todor Zhivkov: A Biography]. Sofia: Institute for
Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2010.
Hristova, Nataliya. Spetsifika na bâlgarskoto “disidentstvo, ” Vlast i inteligentsiya 1956-
1989 [The Specific Characteristics of the Bulgarian “Dissident MovementPower
and the Intelligentsia 1956-1989]. Plovdiv, Letera, 2005.
Istoriya na Bâlgarskata komunisticheska partiya [A History of the Bulgarian Communist
Party]. Sofia: Partizdat, 1984.
Isusov, Mi to, and Yordan Zarchev (eds.). Aprilskiyat plenum na TsK na BKP. Pâlen
stenografskiprotokol [The April Plenum of the CC of the BCP: Full Stenographic
Report]. Sofia, Atlas-pres, 2002.
Ivanov, Martin. “Goryanskoto dvizhenie v Kyustendilsko i Gomodzhumaysko po
sâdebni dokumenti ot Arhiva na MVR” [The Goryani Movement in the Ky ustendil
and Gorna Dzhumaya Regions According to Court Documents from the Interior
Ministry Archives.” Demokraticheskipregled, 21 (9) (1994): 119-140.
----Reformatorstvo bez reformi. Politicheska ikonomiya na bâlgarskiya komunizcun 1963-
1989 [Reformism without Reforms: A Political Economy of Bulgarian Communism
1963-1989]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2008.
Johnson, Paul. Redesigning Communist Economy: The Politics of Economic Reform in
Eastern Europe. New York: East European Monographs, 1989.
Join-Lambert, Marie-Therese (dir.). Politiques sociale. Paris: Ed. Daloz, 1979.
Kalinova, Evgeniya, and Iskra Baeva. Bâlgarskite prehodi (1939-2005) [Bulgarian
Transitions (1939-2005)]. Sofia: Paradigma, 2006.
Kolarova, Rumyana, and Dimitâr Dimitrov (eds.). Krâglata masa: Stenografski
protokoli 3 yanuari-15 may 1990 [The Round Table: Stenographic Reports January
3-May 15,1990]. Sofia: Biblioteka 48, 1998.
Levi, Izidor. Shiroko dvizhenie za nov sotsialisticheski bit. Materiali v pomosht
na politicheskata rabota na OF [A Broad Movement for a New Socialist Way of
Life: Materials in Support of the Political Work of the Fatherland Front]. Sofia:
Izdatelstvo na NK na OF, 1969.
Bibliography 447
Maddison, Angus. The World Economy: Historical Statistics. Paris: OECD, 2004.
Marcheva, Iliana. “Opiti za ikonomicheski reformi v Balgariya prez vtorata polovina
na XX vek” [Attempts at Economic Reforms in Bulgaria During the Second Half
of the Twentieth Century]. In 120 godini izpdlnitelna vlast v Balgariya [120 Years of
Executive Power in Bulgaria]. Sofia: Gutenberg, 1999.
.Todor Zhivkov: pdtyat kam vlastta — Politika i ikonomika v Balgariya 1954—1964
[Todor Zhivkov: The Path to Power — Politics and Economics in Bulgaria 1954—1964].
Sofia: Kota, 2000.
----- “Perestroykata v Balgariya v svetlinata na modernizatsiyata” [Perestroika in
Bulgaria in Light of Modernization]. Istorichesko bddeshte, 7 (1-2) (2003): 79-98.
----- “Za subektivniya faktor v balgaro-savetskite otnosheniya po vreme na
‘perestroykata’ (1985-1989)” [On the Subjective Factor in Bulgarian-Soviet
Relations During the ‘Perestroika’ Period (1985-1989)]. In Mezhdunarodna
nauchna konferentsiya: Balgariya i Rusiya - Mezhdu priznatelnostta i pragmatizma
[International Scholarly Conference: Bulgaria and Russia - Between Gratitude and
Pragmatism]. Sofia: Forum “Balgariya - Rusiya,” 2008.
Marer, Paul, Janos Arvay, John O’Connor, Martin Schrenk, and Daniel Swanson.
Historically Planned Economies: A Guide to the Data, Washington, DC: World
Bank, 1991.
Markov, Georgi. Zadochni reportazhi za Balgariya [In Absentia Reports about Bulgaria].
Sofia: Profizdat, 1990.
-----Kogato chasovnitsite sa spreli. Novi zadochni reportazhi za Balgariya [When the
Clocks Stopped: New In Absentia Reports about Bulgaria]. Sofia: P. K. Yavorov,
1991.
Marrese, M. and J. Vatous, Soviet Subsidization of Trade with Eastern Europe. Berkeley,
Calif.: Institute of International Studies, 1983.
Merkin, Victor, “Intra-COMECON Bargaining and World Energy Prices: A Backdoor
Connection?” Comparative Economic Studies, 30 (4) (1988): 25—51.
Metodiev, Momtchil. Mashina za legitimirane: Rolyata na darzhavna sigurnost v
komunisticheskata ddrzhava [The Machine for Producing Legitimacy, the Role of
State Security in the Communist State]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent
Past/Ciela, 2008.
-----Mezhdu vyarata ikompromisa. Bdlgarskatapravoslavna tsdrkva ikomunisticheskata
ddrzhava (1944-1989) [Between Faith and Compromise, the Bulgarian Orthodox
Church and the Communist State (1944-1989)]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the
Recent Past/Ciela, 2010.
Migev, Vladimir. Kolektivizatsiyatanabalgarskotoselo (1948-1958g.) [Collectivization
of the Bulgarian village (1948-1958)]. Sofia: Stopanstvo, 1995.
----- Bdlgarskite pisateli i politicheskiyat zhivot v Balgariya 1944-1970 [Bulgarian
Writers and Political Life in Bulgaria 1944-1970]. Sofia: Kota, 2001.
----- Prazhkata prolet ‘68 i Balgariya [Prague Spring '68 and Bulgaria]. Sofia:
Iztok-Zapad, 2005.
----- Polskata kriza, “Solidarnost” i Balgariya (1980-1983) [The Polish Solidarity
"Crisis' and Bulgaria (1980-1983)]. Sofia: Sv. Kliment Ohridski, 2008.
Mladenov, Yordan, Ognemir Genchev, Ivan Genchev, and Petar Totev. Panorama na
elektronnata promishlenost na Balgariya: Fakti i dokumenti [A Panoramic View of
the Electronics Industry in Bulgaria: Facts and Documents]. Sofia: DBMr, 2003.
Nikova, Gospodinka. “Zhivkovata ikonomicheska reforma, perestroykata i startat na
skritata privatizatsiya v Balgariya” [Zhivkov’s Economic Reform, Perestroika and
448 Bibliography
the Beginning of Secret Privatization in Bulgaria], Istoricheski pregled, 59 (5-6)
(2003): 92-125.
Nove, Hans-Hermann Hohmann and Gertraud Seidenstecher (eds.), The East
European Economies in the 1970s. London: Butterworths, 1982.
Ognyanov, Lyubomir. Politicheskata sistema v Bdlgariya 1949-1956 [The Political
System in Bulgaria 1949-1956]. Sofia: Standard 2008.
Ogoyski, Petko. Zapiski po balgarskite stradaniya [Notes on Bulgarian Suffering], vol.
II. Sofia: Jusautor, 2008.
Petersen, Roger, Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Rosanvallon, Pierre, La Nouvelle Question sociale: Repenser V Etat-providence.
Paris: Seuil, 1995.
Semerdzhiev, Petar. Narodniyat sad v Balgariya 1944-1945: Komu i zashto e bil
neobhodim [The People's Court in Bulgaria 1944-1945: For Whom and Why Was It
Necessary]. Sofia: Izdatelstvo Erusalim, 1997.
Service, Robert. Comrades! A History of World Communism. Boston, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 2007.
Sharlanov, Dino. Goryanite: Koisa tel [The Goryani: Who Are They?] Sofia: Prostranstvo
i forma, 1999.
Simeonov, Petko. Golyamata promyana 10. XI. 1989-10. XU990: Opit za dokument
[The Great Transition November 10, 1989-November 10, 1990: An Attempt at a
Document]. Sofia: Otechestvo, 1996.
Spasov, Metodi. Sazdavaneto na SDS 1988-1991 [The Creation of the UDF 1988-
1991]. Sofia: Gutenberg, 2001.
Stopanskata istoriya na Bdlgariya 681-1981 [The Economic History of Bulgaria 681-
1981]. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1981.
Stoyanov, Lyubomir. “ ‘Kato edin organizam, koyto se orosyava ot edinna
kravonosna sistema’ (za Yulskiya plenum na TsK na BKP ot 1973 g.)” [“Like a
Single Organism, Fed by a Single Circulatory System” (on the July Plenum of the
CC of the BCP of 1973)]. In Mezhdunarodna nauchna konferentsiya Bdlgariya i
Rusiya: Mezhdu priznatelnostta i pragmatizma [International Scholarly Conference:
Bulgaria and Russia - Between Gratitude and Pragmatism]. Sofia: Forum
“Balgariya - Rusiya,” 2008.
Stoyanov, Lyubomir, and Zhivko Lefterov. “Politikata na BKP za prevrashtane na
Balgariya v savetska republika (Ot ideyni postulati kam prakticheski deystviya)”
[The BCP’s Policy of Transforming Bulgaria into a Soviet Republic (from
Ideological Postulates to Practical Actions): Part 1]. Godishnik na Departament
“Istoriyaf vol. I [ Yearbook of the History Department]. Sofia: New Bulgarian
University, 2007, pp. 168-228.
Tsonkov, Geno. Za nov sotsialisticheski bit. Vpomosht na propagandistite na OF [For a
New Socialist Way of Life: In Support of the Propagandists of the Fatherland Front].
Sofia: Izdatelstvo na NK na OF, 1965.
Vachkov, Daniel, and Martin Ivanov. Bdlgarskiyat vanshen dalg 1944-1989: Bankrutat
na komunisticheskata ikonomika [The Bulgarian Foreign Debt 1944-1989: The
Bankruptcy of the Communist Economy]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of the Recent
Past/Ciela, 2008.
Verdery, Katherine, What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next? Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1996.
Bibliography 449
Vezenkov, Aleksandar. Vlastovite strukturi na Bdlgarskata komunisticheska partiya
1944—1989 [The Power Structures of the Bulgarian Communist Party]. Sofia: Institute
for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2008.
Vogel, Heinrich, ‘Bulgaria,’ in Hans-Herman Hohmann, Michael Kaser and Karl C.
Thalheim (eds.), The New Economic System of Eastern Europe, London: C. Hurst
Co., 1975, pp. 199-222.
Yahiel, Niko. Todor Zhivkov i lichnata vlast; Spomeni, dokumenti, analizi [Todor
Zhivkov and Personal Power: Memories, Documents, Analyses]. Sofia: M-8-M, 1997.
Yosifov, Kalin. Totalitarnoto nasilie v balgarskoio selo (1944—1951) i posleditsite za
Bdlgariya [Totalitarian Violence in the Bulgarian Village (1944-1951) and the
Consequences for Bulgaria]. Sofia: Sv. Kliment Ohridski, 2003.
Zhelev, Zhelyu. Fashizmdt [Fascism]. Sofia: Narodna mladezh, Izdatelstvo na TsK na
DKMS, 1982.
-----Vapreki vsichko: Moyata politicheska biografiya [Despite Everything: My Political
Biography}. Sofia: Kolibri, 2005.
Zhivkov, Todor. Za literaturata [On Literature]. Sofia: Balgarski pisatel, 1981.
-----Sreshtu nyakoi Idzhi: Paralelni etyudi [Countering Certain Lies: Parallel Etudes].
Burgas, Delfinpres, 1993.
----- Memoari: Sofia-Veliko Tarnovo [Memoirs: Sofia- Veliko Tamovo], Sofia:
Abagar, 1995.
Zhivkov, Zhivko. Kraglata masa na Politbyuro [The Round Table of the Politburo].
Sofia: Interpres 67, 1991.
Znepolski, Ivaylo. Ezikat na imaginerniya prehod [The Language of the Imaginary
Transition]. Sofia: Balgarska sbirka, 1997,
-----Balgarskiyat komunizam. Sotsiokulturni cherti i vlast ova traektoriya [Bulgarian
Communism: Sociocultural Features and the Trajectory of Power], Sofia: Institute
for Studies of the Recent Past/Ciela, 2008,
-----(ed.). Totalitarizmite na XX vek v sravnitelna perspektiva [The Totalitarianisms of
the Twentieth Century in a Comparative Perspective]. Sofia: Institute for Studies of
the Recent Past/Ciela, 2010.
Index
Note: Page numbers in bold indicate a table. The letter V following a page number
indicates an endnote
Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 31
Academic Council 190, 191
Africa 177, 214-15
Agrarian Party 67, 100, 129
agrarians 41,44, 56, 66, 68, 70, 73,
128-9; see also Bulgarian Agrarian
National Union (BANU)
agriculture 31, 113, 117,122, 123, 255;
agrarian-industrial complexes 144,
264, 265-6; collectivization 135^44,
142^4; control of 370n4; equipment
purchase 135; growth 373; kolkhoz
model 127; liberalization 295;
private and collective 126-30; quota
system 133-4
Aktasheva, Irina 350
Albania 177,244-5,209, 211,247,283
Alexander I, Prince 29, 30
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia 29
Allied Control Commission (ACC) 62-3,
68-9, 77,203n20
Ambarev, Father 421
anarchists 223
Anarcho-Communist Federation 70
Andrey, Bishop 336
Andropov, Yuriy 182, 280n77, 399-400
Angelov, A. 304n29
anti-Semitism 41, 56, 212
apathy 303nl3, 347, 348, 357, 398,401
April Uprising (1876) 60
architecture 344
Arendt, Hannah 6, 85
army: and BCP 65-6, 227; and elections
70; and foreign intelligence 182;
Military Intelligence 176,180-1,182;
modernization of 35; post World
War II 76; post-World War II71, 73;
purges 102; repression of 61; World
War 1161,63-4,106, 109
Arseniy, Bishop 333
Arsov, Boris 180
art 199, 201, 202, 352
arts 197; see also culture
Asenovgrad 140, 151, 152
Asparuhov, Georgi “Gundi” 309
Atanasov, Georgi 243, 299, 302,415,
416,432
Austro-Hungarian Empire 30
Avramov, Roumen 154nl
Baeva, Iskra 154nl
Bagryanov, Ivan 47,48, 432
Bakish, Sonya 412
Balev, Milko 321
Balevski, Angel 244, 321
Balgaranov, Boyan 234
Balkan Alliance (1911) 32
Balkan Pact (1953) 35, 37-8, 210
Balkan Wars 30, 32
Balkans, borders 29, 75
Baltic States 38-9
banking 31
Bankov, Kristian 294, 303nl4
banks: Bulgarian National Bank (BNB)
108,110, 112, 114, 121,256,257,262,
360, 362, 363; International Bank for
Economic Cooperation (IBEC) 362;
World Bank 364
Bardarski Geran 139-40
Barev, Tsenko 211
Barnes, Maynard 67
Barutin 317
Index 451
Baybakov, Nikolay 270, 271
Beatles, The 301, 308
Bennett, John 211
Berger, Peter 359-60
Beria, Lavrentiy 122, 221-2
Biryuzov, General Sergey 64, 65, 67, 69,
77,114
black market 133, 134
Blagoev, Dimitar 239, 241
Blagoevgrad 316-17
Boboshevski, Tsvyatko 57
Bochev, Stefan 170
Boev, Histo 176-7
books 196-7,196, 199, 350-1, 352,
369,403
Boris III, Tsar 34, 38, 41,46, 97, 433
Boris, Metropolitan Bishop of Nevrokop
326, 433
Bosilkov, Bishop Evgeniy 326, 328
Botev, Hristo 22, 23
Boyadzheiv, Petar 411
Bozhilov, Dobri 46, 47,433
Brannik (“Defender”)
organization 41, 56
Brezhnev, Leonid 238, 247, 270,
283-4, 320
Brezhnev Doctrine 18,176, 284
Breznitsa 318
bribes 397; see also corruption
Brown, J. F. 280n83
Bulganin, Nikolay 123
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 193
Bulgarian Agrarian National Union
(BANU) 14, 66-8, 70, 72, 76, 77, 80,
100, 129, 243
Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP):
and 3944 government 47-8, 49;
and BANU 129; beginning of 100;
Central Committee 43, 47, 58, 95, 96,
136-7, 140, 143, 166, 206,213-14,
225, 227, 230-1, 232, 236, 240, 241,
259, 264, 265, 272-3, 283, 290, 316,
317, 319, 366, 367, 396, 409,415; and
Comecon 281-2; committees 234, 342;
Congresses 117, 243, 294; criticisms of
234-5; and culture 195; and debt 270,
360, 362; Decembrist Program (1972)
294-5; de-Stalinization of
229-30, 231-2; and economy 115,
258-9; and Edict No. 56 17; and
education 163, 192; expulsions
from 100-1; factional struggles and
conspiracies within 237-41; and
Fatherland Front 14, 199; general
secretaryship abolished 223; and
Great Transition 419; growth 395-6;
HQ fire (1990) 421; and hierarchy 185;
and kolkhoz system 127; opponents
99-100, 181, 227,413; political
regime 44; and political repression
57-9; and political transformation
20-5; and power 12-13, 96, 160, 289;
purges 102, 140; reform 18; Round
Table 20, 21; and socialism 21-2; and
socialist realism 198, 199; Sofia City
Committee 225; Soviet criticism of
99; and sovietization 156-7, 158-9,
313; Stalinization process 231; and
standard of living 299-300; and State
Security 169, 172; and violence 33
Bulgarian kingdom 28, 31
Bulgarian Labor Party 45
Bulgarian Labor Social Democratic
Party 45
Bulgarian Social Democratic Party 241
Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP)
382-3,419
Bulgarian state, reestablishment
(1878) 29
Bulgarian Studies 345
Bulgarian Workers Party (BWP) 47
Bulgarian Workers Party (Communists)
65-6, 67, 68, 72, 73, 77, 79, 100, 111,
116, 128, 165,65, 66, 72
Bulgarian Workers Social Democratic
Party (BWSDP) 67, 72, 77, 99-100
Bulgarian Workers Social Democratic
Party (United) 68, 70, 72, 76, 77
bureaucracy 409
Burgas 47, 49
Byrnes, James 76
capitalism 17, 160, 200
cars 291, 299, 392
Ceau^escu, Nicolae 245, 300, 363
censorship 78, 195-7, 199, 349
Chakarov, Kostadin 394-5, 399
Chankov, Georgi 228, 229, 234, 241
Chernobyl nuclear explosion
(1986) 407-8
Chernokolev, Titko 130, 136, 140-1, 433
Chervenkov, Valko 84, 99, 103-4, 122,
123, 140, 141, 142-3, 159, 164, 165,
166,171, 198, 201, 221, 223, 226-7,
228, 229-31, 235-6, 240, 243, 434
Cheshmedzhiev, Grigor 45, 67
children 23,315,343,394
China 177, 237, 238, 245, 281, 282, 283
452 Index
Chinkov, Boyan 307
Cholakov, Professor Stancho 73,190
churches 31, 325; Bulgarian Orthodox
Church 28, 46, 157, 324-7, 328-38;
Catholic 326, 327, 328; Exarchate
31, 157, 328; Protestant 326, 327-8;
Russian Orthodox Church 325, 326,
336; St. Nedelya’s church, Sofia 33;
see also Exarchate
Churchill, Winston 38, 62, 207, 208
cinema 243, 341, 345, 350, 353, 369, 412
civil rights 18, 71, 210
civil society 17, 306
class struggle 94, 100,132-3, 386;
see also middle class; working class
Cold War 79, 96, 208, 247-8
collectivization 126-45,130-7, 291,
357-8 and social change
Comecon 119, 123,209, 252, 253, 267,
268, 269, 281-2, 284, 371n21
Cominform 99, 231
Comintern 45, 87, 88, 156, 197
Committee for Science, Art and
Culture 197
communism: conditions for 36;
experiences of 1-2, 6-11; historical
sociology of 8; interpretation of
4-5; and political debate 4; and
post-communism 3-4; spread of
78; transformations within 5-6;
withdrawal of 5
communization 157
concentration camps 6, 15, 71,141, 149,
170-1,214, 289, 308; Belene 18,100,
170, 171,222, 233, 317; Lovech 186n2;
Sveti Vrach 59, 170
consensus 399,400; constructing
293-301; disintegration 301-2; need
for 290-3
constitutions: abolition of (1934) 34;
“Dimitrov” Constitution (1947) 76,
78-9, 93-4, 165,193, 195; Fatherland
Front government 55; Tamovo
Constitution (1879) 29, 33,49, 57,
58, 73, 378; Zhivkov Constitution
(1971)241-4
consumerism 9, 289-302, 390;
Decembrist Program 294, 296, 298
cooperatives 121, 137, 143^4
Corecom stores 291
corruption 9, 16, 90, 386, 388, 389, 391,
395, 396, 397-9, 400
Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) 74
Council of Ministers 59, 61, 65,103,
127, 130, 136, 140,170, 173, 191,193,
194, 195, 197
counterculture 309, 310
counterrevolution 214
coups 3, 20, 30, 33, 34, 55,66, 111,
239,414-16
Courtois, Stéphane: The Black Book of
Communism 4
courts 60,135, 226, 307, 392; People’s
Court 13, 58-9, 65, 8In 13,116,
192, 326
Crampton, Richard 280n75,291
Crane, Kate 285,286
Creed, Gerald 138
Croatia 151,155nl2
cult of personality 96-7, 104, 171, 172,
213, 223, 229, 230, 243, 350, 352
cultural revolution 314
culture 193-5; democratization of 379,
387; and perestroika 367-9; and “real”
socialism 341-6; socialist realism in
197-202; see also counterculture
currency 110, 113-14, 121,183,215,
256-8, 269, 360; exchange rate 110,
112,120, 256, 362
cynicism 17, 408
Czechoslovakia 5, 10, 35,143, 209, 212,
227, 248, 346, 347,414; Prague Spring
(1968) 5, 15,20,246-7,263
Damyanov, Rayko 223, 228,229, 236
Danchev, Petko 415
Dannecker, Theodor 45
Danov, Hristo 421
Daynov, Evgeniy 302n5
debt 110, 216, 254-8, 268-72, 300,
360-4
Defense Ministry 65, 181,182
democracy 29, 34, 56-7, 68-9, 78,
382-3; “the people’s democracy”
13-14, 70-1,92-3, 94-5, 117, 140;
see also elections; referendums
Democratic Party 45, 57, 72
demonstrations 413,418
denationalization 358
Department for Economic
Counterintelligence 183
Dertliev, Dr. Petâr 76, 160
de-Stalinization process 6,13, 187n7,
229-30, 231-2
Dikov, Yosif 336
Dimitrov, Bozhidar 178
Index 453
Dimitrov, G M. “Gemeto”41-2, 66-7,
72, 211,434; G. M. Dimitrov Brigade
150, 151
Dimitrov, Georgi 14, 44, 60, 80, 84-97,
103, 104, 157, 158, 159, 164, 165,
166n8,198, 206-7, 209,243
Dimitrova, Blaga 352,412
Dimitrova, Roza 90
Dimov, Dimitâr, Tobacco 201
Dinkov, Ivan, South of Life 350
diplomats 377
dissidents 18,19, 181, 182, 232-3, 306,
311,364, 367,410-14,420
Ditchev, Ivaylo 301
Dobrudzha see Southern Dobrudzha
Doktorov, Colonel Mihail 239
Doynov, Ognyan 268, 274
Dragalevtsi 145
Dramaliev, Dr. Kiril 45,190, 213,231,435
Dubcek, Anton 246
Dupnitsa 47
Durkheim, Émile, The Division of Labor
in Society 383
Dzhagarov, Georgi 243, 244, 321
Dzhurov, General Dobri 225, 237, 284,
415,435
Eastern Rumelia 29, 30
Ecogjasnost organization 412-13
economy 106-23, 252-76, 374-7;
Accumulation Fund 120, 296, 301;
Five Year Plans 117,118, 120, 241,
253, 254, 256, 260, 297, 300; growth
362; Long-Term Program 284-6;
post-World War I 35; reforms 17, 357,
359-60,410; Soviet model
14-15, 16, 27n29, 31, 34, 209; top-
down plans 397-8; Transition 20;
see also Comecon; consumerism
education 378-9; agricultural 128;
“Fatherland Front notes” 192-3;
higher 162, 192-3; ideological 402-3;
laws 193; modernization 189-93;
“patriotic” 319-20; religious 326, 332;
World War II41 ; see also schools;
universities
elections 14, 34, 38, 68, 69-70,71,76,
77, 225, 409-10,419-20; see also
referendums
Elenkov, Ivan 304nn27, 32
elites 16, 18, 27n29, 162
émigrés 178-80, 211,212, 365-6
Engels, Friedrich 95
entertainment 294; see also film; music;
nightclubs; sport
equal rights 56
European Union 376-7
families: and control 8, 10, 23, 57, 100,
102,138, 152, 283, 352, 319, 320;
political; resettlement of 149,212,
318,322
farms 295, 296; cooperative (TKZSs)
127, 129, 131, 133,135-6,137-9, 143,
144,149, 264, 265; see also agriculture
fascism 39, 58, 196, 353nl
Fatherland Front 14, 31, 44-5,48-9,
55-60, 64-8, 69, 70-1, 73, 75, 76,
77-81,92,93,96, 100, 106, 111, 113,
115-16, 127, 136, 157, 165, 189, 194,
195-6, 243,409 -10
Federation of Rural and Urban
Workers 76
Ferdinand, Prince (later Tsar Ferdinand
1)31,433
Filatov, General 168
Filipov, Grisha 243, 290-1,435
Filov, Professor Bogdan 38,41,
46, 435-6
financial sector 99,121; see also banks;
treasury bonds
Finland 38, 39,46, 207, 247-8; Helsinki
Accords 247-8, 364,408
food 59, 111, 119, 122, 142, 171,
303nl6, 391
foreign policy 205-16, 244-7, 291
Foscolo, Alfred “Freddie” 411
Foucault, Michel 7
France 2, 3, 34-5, 38,41, 77, 178, 299,
304n41; see also Paris
Fromkin, David 208
Ganev, Dimitar 226, 228, 231, 232, 234
Ganev, Professor Venelin 57, 436
Genchev, Nikolay 311, 400
General Workers’ Professional Union
100,194
Genov, Gavril, “Gavril Genov Partisan
Brigade” 238-9
Genov, Todor 354n8
Georgiev, Ivan-Asen 177, 436
Georgiev, Kimon 45,49, 55, 72, 75,436
German Democratic Republic 9, 19, 143,
161, 174, 209, 227, 264,414
Germany, 3, 18, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43-4,
61,64, 112, 109, 133,389
454 Index
Germany, West 178, 299, 304n41, 363,
384, 388-9
Geshov, Ivan 32
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe 214, 245
Gichev, Dimitar 45, 81, 436-7
Giddens, Anthony, The Constitution of
Society 1
Girardin, Emile de 384
glasnost (openness) 17,407,412
Glavinchev, Lev 58
Glavlit 197
gold reserves 257
Gomulka, Wladyslaw 227, 244-5
Gorbachev, Mikhail 12,17,248, 275,
276, 286,407-8, 411,415
goryani ("mountaineers”) movement
149-53, 291
Gotse Delchev region 316, 317, 318
Gottwald, Klement 227
Grabchev, Dimitar 184
Grand National Assembly (GNA)
419,420
Great Britain 30, 34-5, 37-8, 39,41, 43,
48, 60-1, 64, 70, 71, 75-6, 79,206,
211, 327, 363, 384; see also London
Great Depression (1929-1933) 33-4
Great Powers 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 75-6
“Great Transition” 418
Greece 32, 35, 39, 61, 62, 75-6, 108,
155n9, 177, 206, 208,209-10, 337, 380
Gregory, Paul 359
Grigorov, Mitko 235, 237
Groys, Boris 389
Gullino, Francesco 180
Gyaurski, Marian 152, 154n2
Gypsies 315-16; see also Roma
Harrison, Mark 359
healthcare 378
Heath, Donald Reed 210-11
Heym, Stefan 19
Hitler, Adolf 35, 37,40,43, 97nl
holidays 319, 320, 334, 377; see also
tourism
homosexuality 309
hooliganism 308
housing 379-80, 390-1, 392
Hoxha, Enver 209,238, 245
Hristov, Hristo 180, 353, 361
Hristozov, Rusi 89-90, 168, 236, 241
human rights 247-8, 364-5,411
humor 307; see also jokes
Hungary 5,10, 15, 39,46, 82n25, 143,
207, 209, 210,211,212, 227,407, 248,
252, 248,210; Uprising (1956) 213,
214, 303nl2
Husak, Gustav 414
hypocrisy 302, 307
Ignatov, Assen 186
Iliev, Petar 55
illiteracy 378,402
incomes 296, 300, 373-4; see also salaries
independence 28, 31
industrialization 290, 377
industry 14,31,99,116-18,120-1,122-3,
252-3,254,264-7,268, 269-70, 300, 373
inflation 110-11
inheritance 126, 146n2
insurance 383-4, 385-6
intellectual life 16,18,199; see also
culture
intelligentsia 28, 160,182, 308-9, 342,
367, 380,410-14; proletarian 162, 163,
192, 193
Interior Ministry 65,102, 168, 172, 173,
181, 182, 185,413
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 364
internationalism 313-14
“iron curtain” 208
Islam 17, 319; see also Muslims
Italy 39, 46, 177, 207, 299, 353nl
Ivanov, Tsveti 72
Japan 39,43,81nl0,178, 363
Jarosz, Professor Dariusz 147n49
Jendema 311
Jews 41, 45-6, 59,163, 212, 389
John Paul II, Pope 408
Johnson, Paul 259-60
jokes 306-7
journalists 57, 69
justice 385-6,404
Justice Ministry 65
Kaddr, Janos 414
Kaganovich, L. 234
Kalinik, Bishop 333
Kalugin, Oleg 179
Kanchev, Nikolay 350, 353
Kardzhali 316-17
Kasabov, Konstantin 152,154n2
Kashev, Iliya 184
Kavala 75
Kazasov, Dimo 45, 194, 437
Khrushchev, Nikita 33, 122, 143, 214,
221, 223, 228, 229, 234, 237, 238, 253,
282, 283,308, 374,411
índex 455
Kinov, General Ivan 227
Kintex company 183
Kiril, Bishop (later Patriarch) 46, 330,
331,332, 437
Kiril, Prince 46
Kolarov, Vasil 75, 80, 84, 101,103,113,
360,437-8
Komsomol 243, 348
Kopchev, General Boris 227, 228,
232, 233
Kordovski, Todor 240
Kornai, János 8, 263
Komitsa 318
Kostov, Doncho 48
Kostov, Traycho 89-90, 93, 101-2, 115,
116, 142, 165, 210, 211, 226, 227,
232, 438
Kostov, Vladimir 180
Kostov, General Yanko 232
Kosygin, Alexei 270
Kotkov, Nikola 309
Kotsev, Vasil 179
Kozloduy 139
Krástev, Tsolo 238
Kubadinski, Pencho 214, 237, 321
Kufardzhiev group 234-5
Kula 140, 153,226
kulaks 131, 132, 133, 134, 143
Kulishev, Georgi 75, 114
Kunev, Trifon 72-3, 76
Kuusinen, Wille 94
Kyoseivanov, Georgi 34, 37, 38, 438
labor, social division of 383
“labor front” 159
labor market 401-2
labor-reeducation camps 59; see also
concentration camps
Latour, Bruno 8
Lavrishchev, Alexander 48
Law in Defense of the Nation 41, 56
Law on Inheritance 146n2
Law on Labor Land Ownership
128-9, 130
Law on Nationalization 132
Law on Religious Denominations 325
Law on Retirement 394
Law on the Organization of Bulgarian
Youth 41
Law on the Sanitation of Villages 128
Law on the State Gendarmerie 56
Laws on Higher Education 193
Lefort, Claude 96
leftists 308, 382
Legal Ordinance for the Defense of the
People’s Government 59
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 95
Leshnikov, Ivan 150
Levchev, Lubomir 243, 244
Liberal Party 29
libraries 199, 332, 368
Liîov, Aleksandâr 319, 418
literacy 378-9
Litvinov, Maksim 37
loans 110, 111, 119, 120, 253-A, 262,
300, 363
London: émigrés 211; murder of Georgi
Markov 179-80,311
London Protocol (1951) 217n 18
Lovech 152, 409
Lukanov, Andrey 21, 22, 272, 415,
418,421
Lulchev, Kosta 67, 81,438
Macedonia 31, 32, 33, 36, 42, 46, 61,63,
73, 150, 205-7, 350
macrohistory 11
Maleeva, Dr. Mara 224
Malenkov, Georgiy 122, 221, 223, 234
Manov, Emil 350, 354n8; A Doubtful
Case 341, 349
Mao Tse Tung 237
Maoism 238
Marcheva, Iliyana 280n75
Marer, Paul 304n41
Marinov, General Ivan 55
Markov, Georgi 179-80, 213, 289, 302,
303nl2, 304n22, 310-11, 439; In
Absentia Reports 292, 310
Marrese, Michael 285, 286, 287n21
marriage 325-6, 333
Marx, Karl 9, 95
Marxism-Leninism 6, 36, 96, 164, 165,
193, 195,200, 247,314, 343
Mateev, Evgeni 259
Maxim, Patriarch 332-3, 334, 338, 439
memory 2-3
Metodiev, Dimitâr 284
microhistory 11
middle class 8,164, 350, 390
migration 16, 18; see also émigrés
Mihalchev, Professor Dimitar 64
Mihaylov, Ivan 237
Mihaylov, Stoyan 321
Mihov, General Nikola 46
Mikoyan, Anastas 159
militsia 58, 65, 67, 80, 135, 141
Minekov, Velichko 244
456 Index
Minev, Iliya 411
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
135,136
Ministry of Culture 340
Ministry of Education and Culture 340
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 176,194
Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations 176
Ministry of Foreign Trade 184
Ministry of Propaganda 193—4,
195-6,202nl6
Ministry of Public Education 190-1,
202nl6, 340
Ministry of Supply and State
Resources 263
Ministry of the People’s Health and
Social Welfare 315
Mishev, Georgi 353,412
Mitterrand, François 412
Mladenov, Ivan 239
Mladenov, Petâr 365,416,418-19,
420,439
Molotov, Vyacheslav 37,40,44, 62,
91,234
monarchy, abolition of 73^4
monasteries 324-5, 332, 334, 337
Moshanov, Stoycho 48
Muraviev, Konstantin 48,49, 59, 60,439
museums 197, 325, 332, 334, 337, 344,
345, 368
Mushanov, Nikola 41,45,439-40
music 295, 301, 307-8, 311, 368
Muslims 313-22, 325, 366; see also Turks
Mussolini, Benito 39,44
name changes place 316, 317-18,
320, 321
National Assemblies 70, 71, 74
national character 400-1
National Round Table 418,419
nationalism 17, 313; Turkish 183, 321
nationalization 99, 116, 137, 164, 198-9;
see also denationalization
National-Liberational Insurrectional
Army (NOVA) 46-7, 225
NATO 209-10
Naydenov, Nayden 239
networks 8, 9-10,32, 129, 137, 138, 151,
152-3, 158-9,176, 182, 184, 327, 376,
381,394,420
newspapers 70, 72-3, 78, 157, 195,
199, 231-3
Neychev, Dr. Mincho 192
Neykov, Dimitar 67
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia 31
Nicodemus, Metropolitan 335
nightclubs 301
Nikolov, Aleksandar 307
Nikolov, Rayko 177
Nikova, Gospodinka 279n68
nomenclature 14, 16, 17,20,21, 89, 184,
291,359, 370, 391-2
nostalgia 20, 22-3, 373, 381-3
Novotin, Antonin 227
Odrin (Edime) 32
oil 268, 300, 360, 361
Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 247
Orwell, George, 1984 19
Ottoman Empire 28, 32
Ovcharov, Stoyan 299
Palauzov, Mitko 23
Pancratiy, Metropolitan 335
Panov, Yonko 228, 230, 232, 233,
234, 235
Papazov, Boy an 412
Papazov, Nacho 237, 359
Paris 180, 177, 365
Paris peace conference (1946) 74-5
Paris Peace Treaty (1947) 79,108-9
Parliament 420, 421
partisan movement 162-3, 225, 350, 390,
392, 393-4
Parvanov, Georgi 178
‘Tarvenets Whispering” 240
Pashov, Dr. Ivan 47
Pastuhov, Krastyo 67, 72, 440
patriotism 313
Pavlov, Konstantin 353
Pavlov, Nikola 90
Pavlov, Todor 57,282, 346-7
peasants 127, 131-2, 134-5, 136,
138,145
Penal Code 412
Penelov, Ilko 196, 203nnl8, 24
pensions 377
People’s Republic of Bulgaria and
Republic of Bulgaria compared 20-5
perestroika (restructuring) 12,17, 20,
248, 275, 276, 286, 311, 328, 359, 364,
367-9,408,412,414
Peshev, Dimitar 46, 59,440
Petersen, Roger 154n3
Petkanov, Konstantin 194
Petkov, Nikola 14,45, 67, 68, 71, 80,129,
149, 164, 440
Index 457
Petrov, Georgi 259
Petrov, Ivaylo 352
Petrov, Valeri 350,412
Petrov, Yosif 421
Petrova, Malina 89
Pimen, Metropolitan 330
Pirin 206, 207
Pirinski, Georgi 27n29
Pleven 140, 409
Plovdiv 29-30, 118, 140, 162, 222, 240,
320, 394
Poland 5, 10, 12, 35, 37, 99, 116,143,
153, 209, 213, 244-5,143, 227, 248,
252, 264, 285, 297-8, 299, 414
police 43, 59, 65, 68, 93, 169, 172, 225,
421; NKVD 104, 224; ¿ce also militsia
Politburo 89, 102, 136, 141,170, 172,
173, 177, 185, 214, 226, 230, 240, 241,
253, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 275, 282,
290« 291, 295, 297, 298-9, 309, 315,
332,357, 361,364, 367,415
Pomaks 316, 318, 321-2, 411-12
Popov, Dimitar 421
Popov, Haralan 328
Popov, Ladin 328
Poptomov, Vladimir 84, 226
poverty 390
power stations 118
Prime Minister, post of 27n29, 31,
34-5, 38, 41, 46, 48, 75, 78, 80, 122,
123, 165, 191, 202nl6, 210, 221, 223,
239, 243
prisoners: political 15,48, 49, 58, 59,
72-3, 80-1, 100, 170, 171; of war 107
prisons 165,171; see also
concentration camps
professional associations 194
propaganda 13, 15, 68, 77, 78, 86, 87,
100, 104, 117, 118, 127, 130, 134, 158,
165, 178, 193-4, 242, 291, 305n68,
314, 319, 325, 340, 341, 343, 347, 377,
389; see also Ministry of Propaganda
property 242-3, 325, 357-9, 391;
see also housing
publishing 196-7, 199, 344, 368, 370;
see also books; newspapers
pubs 132, 295
purges 6, 55, 58, 59, 60, 65, 72-3, 84,
101-2,115, 191,226
Racheva, M. 67
Radical Party 57, 72, 77, 100
radio 43,44, 55, 66, 71, 104, 138, 140,
149,310-11,411
Radomirski, Slavcho 224
Radoslavov, Ivan 350
Radoslavov, Vasil 32-3
railways 31, 61, 107, 111
Râkosi, Mâtyâs 88, 227
Ralin, Radoy 311, 350,412,421
ration system 134, 292
Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice 387
Raytchev, Andrei 8, 373
reading rooms 225, 368, 379;
see also libraries
Reagan, Ronald 248
referendums 73-4, 242
refugees 33, 42; see also émigrés
regency council 46, 57
regions 409
religion 319, 333; see also
churches; Islam
repression 10, 18, 59, 100-2, 149, 170,
174,179-80, 181-6, 185
republicanism 73-4, 95
resistance 7-8, 13, 19, 24, 44, 55, 289,
412; Bulgarian Turks 17-18; goryani
movement 15, 149-53; Muslims
322; villages 138, 139-41,232,
316-19; World War II 3, 38, 40,
41, 42, 43, 46-8, 61 ; yatatsi groups
151,152,153
restaurants 295, 301
retirement 394
“Revival Process” 17, 173. 183,186n2,
314, 319-22, 346, 364-7, 369, 409,413
Ribnovo 316
Ricoeur, Paul 382
rituals 15, 22, 85, 302, 311, 315, 322,
326, 333-4
Robeva, Neshka 412
Roma 320; see also Gypsies
Romania 28, 32, 35, 39, 62, 143, 151,
155nnlO, 12, 174, 207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 214, 227, 245, 264, 281, 282, 283,
300, 363
Rosanvallon, Pierre 384,405nl8
Rousseau, Emile 405nl8
Rumelia see Eastern Rumelia
Ruse 47,409,412
Ruse Regional Agrarian Illegal
Center 151-2
Rusev, Svetlin 412
Ruskov, Yordan 232-3, 349
Russia 3, 29, 30, 31, 161; see also
Soviet Union
Russian Revolution (1917) 96
Russo-Turkish War (1878) 28-9,41
458 Index
Sabev, Todor 335
salaries 118, 261, 273, 291, 379, 392;
see also incomes
Sanders, Irwin 145
Savov, Stoyan 173, 179, 180, 440-1
schools 31, 315, 378
science 193; “scientific-technical
revolution” (NTR) 178, 267-8
Scientific-Technical Department 184
secularization 325
Sekelarov, Manol 102
Serbia 28, 30, 32,61,63
Sharapov, Viktor 415
Sharlanov, D. 154n2
Shepilov, G. 234
Shishmanov, Dimitar 59
Shopov, Grigor 173, 224, 441
show trials 73, 80, 116, 135, 168, 370,
326,327
Silyanov, Evgeniy 166nl
Simeon, Prince (later King Simeon II)
46, 57,73
Slavov, Atanas 403-4
Slavov, Kiril 102
Sliven 151,152, 153
Slovakia 39
Smolyan 316-17
Sobolev, Arkadiy 40
social democrats 56, 66, 68, 73,105nl 1;
see also Bulgarian Workers’ Social
Democratic Party
social exchange 9,11
social policy 377-81, 388
social rights 384,401-^4
social security 383-8; see also
welfare states
social structures 7,403
socialism 21-2, 99, 100, 241, 399; “real”
7,10,15,18, 23-4,314
socialist realism 197-202,
340-53, 369-70
sociology 9, 16,402
Sofia: BCP HQ 421; bombings of, World
War II44,46,47, 109; demonstrations
80, 420; International Youth Festival
(1968) 308; journalists 69; military
coup (1944) 55; partisan occupation
of 390-1; public life 309; St. Nedelya’s
church 33; Slavyanska Beseda Reading
Room 224; Stalin monument 223;
Union of Partisans 392; University
420; water supply 412
Sofia City Region 409
Solakov, Angel 173, 309
solidarity 383-4, 385, 386-7
South Slavic federation 63,109, 205-7
Southern Dobrudzha 36, 39,42, 76
Soviet Union: aid from 284, 285,
286, 286; and Allied Control
Commission 69; anti-Semitism 212;
bi-lateral agreement (1947) 209;
and Bulgarian democracy 70, 71;
Bulgarian dependence on 119, 120;
and Bulgarian economy 252, 258,
270-2,276; Bulgarian emigrants in
85, 89; Bulgarian loyalty towards 15,
210, 213, 252, 253, 281, 285, 313; and
Bulgarian State Security 168; burial
of cosmonauts 309; CPSU Congresses
13, 229, 234—5; and debt 361, 363;
diplomatic relations 69, 214-15;
dominance of 99; and economics
123; economy 160, 258, 264, 375;
German property transferred to 114,
115; glasnost 407; hooliganism 308;
influence of 41,48,49, 101; invasion
of Bulgaria 55; KGB 174,179,
182; and Leipzig Trial 87; Moscow
conferences 238; “Moscow Fund”
245- 6; and Paris Peace Conference
(1946) 75; and perestroika 248, 276;
police 104; Politburo 233-4; power
struggles 121-2; and Prague Spring
246- 7; Red Army 3, 13, 39,49, 164,
205; and repression 59-60; and
scientific-technical revolution 267;
shooting down of South Korean
airplane (1983) 212; and socialist
realism 198; Stalinism in 5; trade with
Bulgaria 112-13, 363; and “unified
conspiracy” 169; and United Nations
211; Voroshilov Amnesty 222; World
War II 13, 36-7, 38-9,40, 43-4, 47,
48, 49, 61, 62; see also Russia
sovietization 156-66, 281-6
Spasov, Mircho 186n2,224
sport 309-10
Stalin, Joseph 41, 62, 71, 80; and
Bulgarian communism 92-3; and
Bulgarian constitution 93—4; and
Bulgarian village uprisings 140; and
Chervenko 103; class struggle theory
94; and collectivization 136; death 13,
121,221; and Dimitrov 85, 87-9, 91,
95; Khrushchev’s denunciation of 229;
and Kostov 101; and socialist realism
198; and South Slavic federation
205; and sovietization 157; and Tito
Index 459
101, 210; at Yalta Conference (1945)
207, 208
Stamboliyski, Aleksandár 33,128,
129, 441
Stamboliyski, Asen 76
Stambolov, Stefan 30, 31
Stanchev, Plamen 421
Stanev, Emiliyan 244; Ivan Kondarev 349
Stanishev, Professor Aleksandár 59
Stanishev, Dimitár 225, 246,415
Stanishev, Sergey 27n29
State Committee for Planning 260
State Security system 76, 168-9, 170-86,
213, 233, 238-9, 310, 311, 318, 333,
334-5, 391-2, 411,413
Stavertsi 139
Staykov, Encho 226, 228-33
Staynov, Professor Petko 64,113
Stefan, Exarch 46, 329-30,441
Stefan ov, Professor Ivan 75,102,113
stereotypes 23, 380-1
Stoilov, Konstantin 31
Stola, Dariusz 8,9
Stoyanov, Anastas 243
Stoyanov, Dimitár 173, 179, 321,441
Stoyanov, Láchezar 284
Stoyanov, Mladen 234
Stoyanov, Petko 202nl 6
Stoyanov, Zaharí 400
Stoychev, General Vladimir 63
strikes 118, 222, 421
Tanev, Georgi 173, 187nl3
Tatars 315
taxation 41, 113-14,115, 116,131,133,
137,212, 359
technology 184, 296; “scientific-technical
revolution” (NTR) 177, 267-8
television 22-3, 334
Terpeshev, Dobri 228, 231,234, 235
terrorism 33, 100,149,151, 164,165,
320-1, 327
theaters 197, 350, 368
Thrace 32, 33, 36, 39,40,42, 46, 61
tips 396-7
Tito, Josip Broz 62, 83n54, 101, 157,
206-7, 210, 238
tobacco trade 119, 120, 255
Todorov, Gerasim 150, 153, 166n8
Todorov, Ivan “Gorunya” 238, 239
Todorov, Stanko 166n8, 237, 239, 243,
282, 284,412,415,441-2
Todorov, General Vladimir 179, 180
Todorova, Maria 314
Todorova, Rada 282
Tolbukhin, Marshal Fyodor 82n31
Topencharov, Vladimir 231, 232
totalitarianism 6, 9,13, 14, 19, 20-1, 84,
100, 104, 164-6,198, 292, 302, 325
tourism 291, 292
trade 31, 34-5, 112-13, 119-20, 183,
215-16, 253, 254-6, 274, 284-5,291,
299, 361,363
trade unions 194-5, 199, 377, 378,
404n8, 412, 421
Transition 10, 17, 20, 23, 24,25, 92
Transki, Slavcho 227
Traykov, Georgi 100, 243
treasury bonds 113, 114
Trendafilov, Stoyan 55, 227
Truman, Harry 208
Tsanev, Angel 173
Tsankov, Georgi 168, 227, 231, 233, 235,
236, 241
Tsar Krum (military organization) 73
Tseko, Bogdan “Boncho” 150
Tsolov, Tano 237, 271, 395
Tsonchev, Tsonyo 102
Turkey 28, 35, 155n9, 177, 209-10,
364-6; see also Ottoman Empire;
Russo-Turkish War
Turks, Bulgarian 17-18, 183, 322, 363,
364-6,408, 411-12,413-14; see also
Muslims
Turnovo 29
unemployment 377, 401
unification, national 30, 32, 42,205,
206,320
unions 21, 100, 151, 190, 194, 199,
200-1, 264, 265-6, 368-9, 392-3,418,
419-20,421; see also trade unions
United Nations 211
United States: and Bulgarian democracy
70, 71, 281, 291; Bulgarian intelligence
177; Bulgarian Orthodox Church
335-6, 432; and Bulgarian resistance
151; and Cold War 208; and “Helsinki
Process” 74, 247; investments 304n41;
loans 363; Marshall Plan 119, 161;
missionaries from 327; and Paris
Peace Conference (1946) 75; post-
World War II relations 79, 210-11;
social insurance 384; Strategic Defense
Initiative 248; truce with (1944) 48;
World War II41, 43, 44, 62-3; Yalta
Conference (1945) 207
universities 192-3, 378-9, 420
460 Index
uprisings 28, 139-40
USSR see Soviet Union
Vaptsarov, Nikola 43
Varna 47, 93,311,320
Vatous, J. 285, 286, 287n21
Velchev, Boris 27n29, 235, 239-40
Velchev, General Damyan 55, 61, 65, 70,
73,442
Velchev, Colonel Ivan 238
Verdery, Katherine 132
Vidin 140, 153
Vidinski, Radenko 228, 282
villages: depeasantification of 145;
destabilization of 149-50; living
standards 128, 143; post-World War II
126; renaming of 316, 317-18; social
change in 137-42, 144-5; uprisings
139-40; see also collectivization
violence, political 57-9, 70, 76-7,135,
140, 169; “Revival Process” 17,173,
183, 186n2
Vishinski, Andrey 71
Voroshilov, Kliment 221
Voslenski, Mikhail, Nomenklatura: The
Soviet Ruling Class 391
Vrabcha BANU party 45, 57, 70
Vranchev, Petar 55
Vratsa 22, 47, 140, 153,239
war reparations 75, 76,107-9,115
Warsaw Pact 284,415
Warsaw Treaty Organization 245, 246
welfare states 377-8, 388,405nl8;
see also social security
Whitaker, Roger 145
women: inheritance of land 126;
Muslim 314, 315; and protest 412;
resistance by 139
Workers’ Party 127
Workers Youth Movement 70
working class 94,134, 341, 378;
see also kulaks
World War I 32-3, 37; Paris Peace
Conference (1919) 75; Treaty of
Neuilly 35, 36, 39, 75
World War II 35-49; Anti-Hitler
Coalition 44, 60, 61, 69, 74,114,
156; Eastern Front 69; economic
dimensions 106-10; Moscow
Truce (1944) 61, 62-3, 64, 107-9;
Nagykanizsa-Kormend Offensive 64;
neutrality 37^41; Nuremberg trials
8In 10; Potsdam Conference (1945)
207; Third Reich orbit 41-9; Third
Ukrainian Front 49, 63, 106; Tripartite
Pact 41; Tripartite Pact (1940) 39;
Yalta Conference (1945) 207; see also
entries for individual countries
Yahiel, Niko 263, 280n83, 283
Yakoruda 318
Yanev, Grigor 170
Yastrebino 23
Yonchev, Kirill 336, 442
Yotov, Yordan 225,415
Yotsov, Professor Boris 59
youth: culture 307-8; nostalgia 382
youth organizations 100,117-18,
159, 306
Yugoslavia 35, 36, 40,42, 62, 63, 64, 66,
80, 91, 101,106, 108, 109,140, 143,
151, 158, 159, 205-7, 209, 210, 238;
see also Macedonia; Montenegro;
Serbia
Yugov, Anton 59, 66, 80,166n8, 168,
213, 222, 224, 228, 229, 231, 236, 240,
241, 442-3
Zarev, Pantaley 244, 321
Zhelev, Zhelyu 311,404nl0, 412,419,
420, 443; “The Grand Era of the
Intelligentsia” 411
Zhendov, Aleksandâr 201
Zhivkov, Todor: background 223-7;
BCP leadership 13,16, 96,164,187n7,
228-9, 230-1, 233-7, 253, 408; and
Brezhnev 271; and Bulgarian Turks
365; and collectivization 141, 142-3;
and consumption 290, 291, 297, 299,
301, 380; and corruption 395; coup
against 20; cult of personality 241,
242, 352; and culture 308-9, 351; and
discipline 399; and economic reform
258, 259, 263, 273,274, 275-6; and
Hard Currency Commission 270;
and Hungarian Uprising 213-14;
and industrialization 122; and jokes
293-4, 307; on living standards 291;
and Markov 213, 310-11; opposition
to 181, 238,239, 240-1; and partisan
movement 393-4; and perestroika
367; poetry about 243, 352; power
243, 244; and reform 357, 358,
408-10; removal from power 3,
414-16; and renaming of villages 316;
index 461
and “Revival Process” 17; and sale of
gold reserves 257; and socialist realism
198, 347-8; and Soviet Union 281,
282, 283, 285-6; and State Security
172; and technology 267, 268; “two
Bulgarias” statement 373, 374-5; and
“xenomania” 301
Zhivkov, Vladimir 244
Zhivkov, Zhivko 213, 237
Zhivkova, Lyudmila 224, 244, 342-3,
344, 346, 352, 369, 408, 443
Znepolski, Dencho 170, 227
Znepolski, Ivaylo 312nl4, 370
Zveno (Link) political circle 45, 55, 68,
72, 77, 100, 111
Zvezdov, Todor 240
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Znepolski, Ivajlo 1940- Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Metodiev, Momčil 1969- Ivanov, Martin Ivanov 1970- Vačkov, Daniel 1964- Elenkov, Ivan 1956- Dojnov, Plamen 1969- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124945643 (DE-588)139092781 (DE-588)136557562 (DE-588)135635586 (DE-588)137850565 (DE-588)133208524 (DE-588)136184502 |
| author_facet | Znepolski, Ivajlo 1940- Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Metodiev, Momčil 1969- Ivanov, Martin Ivanov 1970- Vačkov, Daniel 1964- Elenkov, Ivan 1956- Dojnov, Plamen 1969- |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Znepolski, Ivajlo 1940- |
| author_variant | i z iz m i g mi mig m m mm m i i mi mii d v dv i e ie p d pd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045262732 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DR90 |
| callnumber-raw | DR90 |
| callnumber-search | DR90 |
| callnumber-sort | DR 290 |
| callnumber-subject | DR - Balkan Peninsula |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8250 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1076299057 (DE-599)BVBBV045262732 |
| dewey-full | 949.903/1 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 949 - Other parts of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 949.903/1 |
| dewey-search | 949.903/1 |
| dewey-sort | 3949.903 11 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1944-1990 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1944-1990 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045262732</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20200430</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">181029s2019 xxu|||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">018019019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780815372790</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-8153-7279-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1076299057</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045262732</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Bo133</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DR90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">949.903/1</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NQ 8250</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128964:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Znepolski, Ivajlo</subfield><subfield code="d">1940-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)124945643</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bulgaria under communism</subfield><subfield code="c">Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London ; New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group</subfield><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xiii, 461 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe</subfield><subfield code="v">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1944-1990</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Communism</subfield><subfield code="z">Bulgaria</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sozialismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4055785-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kommunismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031892-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Bulgaria</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">1944-1990</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bulgarien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4008866-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bulgarien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4008866-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Kommunismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031892-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Sozialismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4055785-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1944-1990</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gruev, Michail Ivanov</subfield><subfield code="d">1971-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)139092781</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Metodiev, Momčil</subfield><subfield code="d">1969-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)136557562</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ivanov, Martin Ivanov</subfield><subfield code="d">1970-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)135635586</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vačkov, Daniel</subfield><subfield code="d">1964-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)137850565</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Elenkov, Ivan</subfield><subfield code="d">1956-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)133208524</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dojnov, Plamen</subfield><subfield code="d">1969-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)136184502</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, ebk.</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-351-24491-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe</subfield><subfield code="v">3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV046245355</subfield><subfield code="9">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Gemischte Register</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20200309</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">499</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">499</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">330.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">499</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030650646</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Bulgaria History 1944-1990 Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bulgaria History 1944-1990 Bulgarien |
| id | DE-604.BV045262732 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:13:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780815372790 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 018019019 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030650646 |
| oclc_num | 1076299057 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Bo133 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Bo133 DE-11 |
| physical | xiii, 461 Seiten Diagramm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200309 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe |
| series2 | Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe |
| spelling | Znepolski, Ivajlo 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)124945643 aut Bulgaria under communism Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2019 xiii, 461 Seiten Diagramm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe 3 Geschichte 1944-1990 gnd rswk-swf Communism Bulgaria History Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd rswk-swf Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd rswk-swf Bulgaria History 1944-1990 Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 s Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 s Geschichte 1944-1990 z DE-604 Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)139092781 aut Metodiev, Momčil 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)136557562 aut Ivanov, Martin Ivanov 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)135635586 aut Vačkov, Daniel 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)137850565 aut Elenkov, Ivan 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)133208524 aut Dojnov, Plamen 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)136184502 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-351-24491-6 Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe 3 (DE-604)BV046245355 3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Znepolski, Ivajlo 1940- Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Metodiev, Momčil 1969- Ivanov, Martin Ivanov 1970- Vačkov, Daniel 1964- Elenkov, Ivan 1956- Dojnov, Plamen 1969- Bulgaria under communism Routledge histories of Central and Eastern Europe Communism Bulgaria History Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055785-6 (DE-588)4031892-8 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Bulgaria under communism |
| title_auth | Bulgaria under communism |
| title_exact_search | Bulgaria under communism |
| title_full | Bulgaria under communism Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow |
| title_fullStr | Bulgaria under communism Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bulgaria under communism Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov and Plamen Doynow |
| title_short | Bulgaria under communism |
| title_sort | bulgaria under communism |
| topic | Communism Bulgaria History Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Communism Bulgaria History Sozialismus Kommunismus Bulgaria History 1944-1990 Bulgarien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030650646&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV046245355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT znepolskiivajlo bulgariaundercommunism AT gruevmichailivanov bulgariaundercommunism AT metodievmomcil bulgariaundercommunism AT ivanovmartinivanov bulgariaundercommunism AT vackovdaniel bulgariaundercommunism AT elenkovivan bulgariaundercommunism AT dojnovplamen bulgariaundercommunism |