Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia: playing harmony in the Singing Revolution
"Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia considers what impact Western religious culture had on Soviet religious policy. While Russia was a predominantly Orthodox country, Baltic states annexed after WWII, such as Estonia and Latvia, featured Lutheran and Catholic churches as the state re...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bloomington, Indiana
Indiana University Press
[2018]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia considers what impact Western religious culture had on Soviet religious policy. While Russia was a predominantly Orthodox country, Baltic states annexed after WWII, such as Estonia and Latvia, featured Lutheran and Catholic churches as the state religion. Robert Goeckel explores how Soviet religious policy accommodated differing traditions and the extent to which these churches either reflected nationalist consciousness or offered an opportunity for subversion of Soviet ideals. Goeckel considers what negotiating power these organizations might have had with the Soviet state and traces differences in policy between Moscow and local bureaucracies. Based on extensive research into official Soviet archives, some of which are no longer available to scholars, Goeckel provides fascinating insight into the relationship between central political policies and church responses to those shifting policies in the USSR. Goeckel argues that national cultural affinity with Christianity remained substantial despite plummeting rates of religious adherence. He makes the case that this affinity helped to provide a diffuse basis for the eventual challenge to the USSR. The Singing Revolution restored independence to Estonia and Latvia, and while Catholic and Lutheran churches may not have played a central role in this restoration, Goeckel shows how they nonetheless played harmony"... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 256 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780253036155 9780253036117 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia |b playing harmony in the Singing Revolution |c Robert F. Goeckel |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bloomington, Indiana |b Indiana University Press |c [2018] | |
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | |a "Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia considers what impact Western religious culture had on Soviet religious policy. While Russia was a predominantly Orthodox country, Baltic states annexed after WWII, such as Estonia and Latvia, featured Lutheran and Catholic churches as the state religion. Robert Goeckel explores how Soviet religious policy accommodated differing traditions and the extent to which these churches either reflected nationalist consciousness or offered an opportunity for subversion of Soviet ideals. Goeckel considers what negotiating power these organizations might have had with the Soviet state and traces differences in policy between Moscow and local bureaucracies. Based on extensive research into official Soviet archives, some of which are no longer available to scholars, Goeckel provides fascinating insight into the relationship between central political policies and church responses to those shifting policies in the USSR. Goeckel argues that national cultural affinity with Christianity remained substantial despite plummeting rates of religious adherence. He makes the case that this affinity helped to provide a diffuse basis for the eventual challenge to the USSR. The Singing Revolution restored independence to Estonia and Latvia, and while Catholic and Lutheran churches may not have played a central role in this restoration, Goeckel shows how they nonetheless played harmony"... | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1944-1991 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church and state |z Estonia |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church and state |z Latvia |x History |y 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church and state |z Soviet Union |x History |y 20th century | |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |a Goeckel, Robert F., 1951- author |t Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia |d Bloomington, Indiana : Indiana University Press, [2018] |z 9780253036131 |
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LVA.1448.1.3, n. 22/9/656 (13 Mar. 1951)» Tabolin (Ministry of State Security LSSR)—Restberg,
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LVA.1448.1.3, n. 6-167 (21 Apr. 1951) Polyanski—Restberg, 1. 46.
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LVA .1448.1.3, n. 8/124 (30 Apr. 1951), Restberg—Polyanski, 1. 51-54.
LVA.1448.1.3, n. 6-166 (9 Jun. 1951) Restberg—Polyanski, 1. 66-67.
LVA.1448.1.3, n. 6/178 (1 Sept. 1951), Ostrov—Rezekne Ispolkom, 1.73.
LVA.1448.1.3, n. 6/179 (1 Sept 1951), Ostrov—Preili Ispolkom, 1. 74.
LVA.1448.1.3, “Notes on Meeting, Chair CARC Polyanski with Archbishop Turs (25 Oct.
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LVA.1448.1.3, Strods Address to All-Union Conference of Supporters of Peace (27 Nov. 1951),
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LVA. 1448.1.4, n. 8/40 (22 Mar. 1952), Restberg—Polyanski, 1. 5-7.
LVA.1448.1.4, n. 9-118 (17 Jul. 1953), Polyanski—all commissioners, 1. 30-31.
LVA.1448.1.4, n.8/103 (24 Aug. 1953), Restberg—Lacis (Chair, CM LSSR), 1. 38-39.
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LVA.1448.1.4, n. 8/100 (8 Jul. 1952), Restberg—Gostev (CARC), 1. 63-64.
LVA. 1448.1.6, n. 8/162 (28 Nov. 1953), Restberg—Pludon (Dep Chair, CM LSSR), 1. 3-4.
LVA.1448.1.6, n. 99/139 (15 Jun. 1954), Restberg—Polyanski, 1. 36-37.
LVA. 1448 1.6, no number, no date, “Report on Condition and Activity of the Lutheran Cult in
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LVA.1448.1.7, n. 7 (14 Jan. 1955), Vereshagin—Polyanski, 1. 6.
LVA. 1448.1.7, n. 5-109 (22 Mar. 1955) Polyanski—all commissioners, 1.17-18.
LVA.1448.1.7, no number (14 May 1955), Memorandum of Meeting (Turs-Polyanski), 1. 64-65.
LVA.1448.1.7, n. 25-78 (3 Aug. 1955), Gostev—Restberg, 1. 76-77.
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LVA.1448.1.250, n. 8/142 (18 Oct. 1952), Restberg—Polyanski, 1. 88-89.
LVA.1448a.250, n. 2c (10 Jan. 1953), “Informational Report 4th Quarter 1952,” Restberg—
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LVA.1448a.251, n. 16-76C (9 Oct. 1952), Polyanski—Restberg, 1. 3.
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LVA.1448a.252, n. ic (15 Jan. 1954)» “Informational Report 4th Quarter 1953,” Restberg—
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Polyanski, 1.152,155-60,162.
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LVA.1448.1.259, n. 8c (20 Aug. i960), Pizans—Puzin, 1. 23-25.
LVA.1448.1.259, n. 10c (22 Oct. i960), Pizans—Puzin, 1. 30.
LVA.1448.1.259, n. 11c (26 Oct. i960), Pizans—Puzin, I. 35-37*
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LVA. 1448.1.261, no number (Feb. 1962), Krumin^/CM LSSR— Prokofiev/Talsi Raiispolkom, 1.1-5.
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LVA.1448.1.261, n. 20c (21 Jul. 1962), Liepa—Puzin, 1. 59-60.
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LVA.1448a.261, n. 29c (24 Oct. 1962), Liepa—Puzin, 1. 85-95.
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LVA.1448a.264» n. 7c (29 Jul. 1965) Liepa—Puzin, 1. 30-34.
LVA.1448.1.264, n. 10c (15 Sept. 1965), Liepa—Puzin, 1. 49-68, 69-84.
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Lithuanian Central State Archive (LCVA)
LCVA.181.3.19, n. 602 (15 Nov. 1949), Pusinis (Commissioner, Lithuania)—Polyanski (Chair,
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State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF)
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Index
Adenauer, Konrad, 92,123
Aizsargov, 55
Akmentins, Roberts» 183
Aleksei i, Patriarch, 60, 61,97,133047
antireligious campaign, 2,3,34,78,79,129,
130,160,179, 201-202; administrative
measures, 56-57,66,105^9, n8; atheistic
propaganda, 9,21, 24, 28,35, 37*129,49,
67, 84, 90-91, 98,1060105, io6mo6,109,
no, 120,147-148» 162, i65n3o, 172,173» *75,
201, 202, 204; church response to, 42ni26,
59,9h 99» io5nmoo-i03, io6ni03,121,
137n98; monitoring sermons and legality,
128,143,144,145,158,161, i64nni3-i5,172,
179» *95**42; press attacks on religion,
28,73*1107,91, io5mo2,119-120,137*193;
scientific atheism research, 148-149,
i65n39,175, 204. See also secular (ersatz)
rites
Appel, Andre, 151, i66n54,169083
Armenian Church, 22, 46, 61,7on3i, 74ni26,
76ni57 86,117
atheism. See antireligious campaign
Austria, 93, i69n8o
baptisms. See church rites and adherence:
baptism
Baptists, 15, 20, 21, 34, 55, 56» 63, 65, 67, 69n29,
70031, 73090, 77*1*75» 79» 81, 83-85, 86, 89,
90, 92, 93» 94» 99» 1070128,115» 130,134*149,
145,149-150,157,161, i7omoo, 178,184,186,
188,192; All-Union Council of Evangelical
Christians and Baptists, 11,15» 23, 31,
54, 92; Estonia, 4, *5» 23» 39*177» 42ni26,
43ni47, 44*1154» 47-48, 69014» 69ms,
103063,116, 119,164018,170096,170097,
1700101,1700106; Latvia, 50, losmoo,
114,133044,170098, i7onioo, 184,196064,
196065; unregistered (initsiativniki), 142,
154» 156,157» 161-162,170098,174,175,178,
181,193014, 202, 209
Baronas, Jonas, 184-185
bells, 78,95,105098, io6nio3,118,136080
Belorussia SSR, 49, 52, 82,90,104^8,105093,
127,1400156,146
Berklavs, Eduards, 88,97,104081,128,129
Berlin Conference of European Catholics,
125,1390142
Bible studies, 55» 164014
Blumbergs, Oskars, 54
Braecklein, Bishop logo, 123,166031
Brezhnev, Leonid, 5,142,143» *44-47» *49»
156,157» 159-163» 172,173» 175» 179, *85» 191»
201, 202, 204, 206
Buddhists, 22,121
bureaucratic politics, 5-6,10, 35n6, 58,
64-66, 67, 79, 85,95-99» io8nn, 136-150,
111,125-126,128-129,1410168,1401172,142,
159-160,163,194031, 200-202, 207-208
burials. See church rites and adherence:
burial
Butirovicz, Jazeps, no, 13107
Catholic Church: arrests of clergy, 17, 52,
7in6o, 88,110,118; children’s role in
services, 58,118,136078,146, i93ni4;
Czechoslovak, 64; dissent, 12,89-90,
105092,105093,156; excommunication
of Communists, 46, 49; German, 64;
international ties, 93-94» 99» 124-125» 153»
178; Latvian, 49-52, 80; leadership, 14,
52-53, 76ni48, 88,127-128, 203; Lithuanian
(see Lithuania SSR: Catholic Church);
Moscow Catholic chaplaincy, 13107;
Polish, 105093,110,128 (see also Poland);
Second Vatican Council, 112,122, 201; state
policy toward, 18,19-20, 45» 48, 49-52,
67, 85-86, 88,93-94» *03067,1070120,
247
248 | Index
10711123,10711124,109-110,124-125,
127-128,1401111156-160,14011164,146,156,
162,174, 200-202, 207,208-209; Uniates,
110; visitation/census by clergy, 82,98,
1021138. See also confirmation and first
communion; monasteries; pilgrimages;
religious instruction; theological
education; Vatican; see also names of
individual church leaders and popes
cemeteries: cemetery days traditions, 16,
57 66, 68, 73ni04, 74mi9 81, 84, 95,
i02n52, i03n53,118, i36n79; ownership
and nationalization, 12, 55, 72n89, 84, 96,
1031154
Christian Democrats, 18,123; Estonian: 187,
188
Christian Peace Conference (CPC), 111,117,
118,122, i38mo8, i38mo9,155
church buildings, 10, 204-205; architectural
preservation, 160,163,175,176,180,191,
i94n24, 202, 208; repair and construction,
11,17, 38n55, 64, 7ins6, 80, ioini9,
I07ni20,112,1341148,157 179-180,1951145;
vandalism, 55, 56, 72n89, 731198,90,
I05n98,144,160,17in20,176,194n24
church charity work, 55, 731192,186
church closures. See church legal status
church finances, 59, 60, 68n9,121,160-161;
contributions as measure of church
adherence, 16, 66, 74ni22,81,145, i64ni8,
173-174; taxation and insurance costs of
churches, 18,47, 69nio, 84, 96, i02n5i,
io8ni37,115-116,145, i64nni6-20,180,187
church governance, 200-202, 204-205;
church constitutions (Estonia Lutheran,
Latvia Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist),
26-27, 52, 59» 116,1341158,146, i64n22,182,
183; inter-confessional relations, 159,184,
196063; parish councils and laity, 29, 86,
I03n70,116, i34nn56-58,145-146,157,183;
parish dvatsatka, 22, 24, 47,79-80, îoonii,
112; synods, 27, 52, 53, 61, 62,191, 205
church international ties, 10, 63-66,
68, 76ni54, 83, 86, 87, 91-95, 98, 99,
io6nio6, io6nii2,117,121-124,129,142,
152-154,157,162,172-173,178, 200-202,
204-05. See also individual countries and
international organizations
church leadership (Lutheran), 203;
ecclesiastical legitimization of, 361111,
63-64,92,155; ousters and changes in,
10-11,18-19, 33, 39n62, 39064,39067, 53,
154-156,161, i69nn8o-88,175,181-183,
i96n58, 200-202, 208; recruitment and
cooptation of, 29, 4ini23, 44ni59, 45,
52-54, 66,72nn74-75, 86,156,159-160,
i7inii9,174,193017,195043, 201-202,
204-206; state evaluation of, 13-15,18,
44ni6o, 54, 72n8s, 86-88,104074,104077,
127,1400154, 154-155,168079, i69n87,
173,181-183, i96n57. See also names of
individual church leaders
church legal status, 96,98,161,162,186,
200-202, 204-205; nationalization
and property issues, 17, 22—25, 34,
4onn9o-99, 4innioo-i05, 47, 49,112-115,
i32nn25-34, i33nn35~47, i34nn48-53,
144,180,186,187,189, i96n64, i98nioi;
registration and closure of parishes, 11,
22, 29-32, 34, 38n48, 46-50, 62, 66, 67,
68nn2-9, 69nnio-i9, 69n29, 71^5-56,
78-81, 90, ioon3, ioonn5-i3, ioini7,
ioini9, ioin2i, 115,143,149-150, i63n6,
173,180,186, 206, 208
church music, 55,72n7i, 81-82, 87, loomo,
113-14, i36n8o, 148,157,158, i7onio6,176,
177,187,193n20
church publications and media access:
censorship, 116, i34nn6o-6i, 206; state
approval and circulation, 12,19, 36n22,56,
58, 62, 740117, 84-85,93,97, io3nn59-67,
i07ni20,116-117,125, i35nn62-66,180,186,
187,197086, 200-202, 204-206
church rites and adherence, 15-16, 45, 58-60,
67, 81, iom26,111,129, i3in3, i3ini3,
I4ini70,143,149,160,173,179,186,197078,
200-202,207, 209; baptism, 59,74nn8,
8i, 175,197077; burial, 54, 58, 59, 60, 66,
121,143, i65n27; marriage, 16, 58-60,
74m 17, 74nn8, i3ini3,143, i49 165^7. See
also confirmation and first communion;
religious instruction
Index | 249
church statistics, membership, 81,13811120;
number of parishes, 77ni6i, 770175. See
also church rites and adherence; clergy
civil society and churches, 5,172,191, 205
clergy, 204-205; arrests and imprisonment,
32, 43ni5i, 43ni52, 47» 52, 56, 57» 68n6,
7on35, 73nmoo-i03,177, 200; certification
and decertification, 50,79,98,137095,
144,177; generational change in, 176-177;
informants (see KGB/NKVD); moral
compromising of, 56, 87,120; number
of, 25, 65, 66, 82, 89,143,160,173-174;
recruitment of pro-regime priests, 29,
42ni32; returning from gulag, 82, 87,
89-90, 97-99» io4n89,118-119; serving
outside Baltic republics, 49, 55,730093-
94, 82. See also religious instruction;
theological education
Cold War, 35, 420139, 45, 60, 67, 78, 206
collectivization, 9, 45, 49, 54, 66, 730103
Commissioners of Religious Affairs, 9-10,90,
91,95-96,103070,160,162,178,207-208;
Estonia, 11,12,13,16, 20, 22, 23, 24,25, 26, 27,
28,30, 33,34,4078, 40083, 40090, 40096,
420128, 420141,430146, 43H147, 46, 47» 48,
57, 58, 61, 65, 69014, 69015, 69019, 72074,
77m68, 79, 85,86,10006,10009, loonn,
103060,105095,1060116,125,158-160,174,
181,188,195034; Latvia, 12,14,17,18,19, 24»
26, 31, 46-47» 49» 51» 52, 54» 55» 57» 62-64,
65, 68nn3-6, 69mo, 69018, 69029, 70030,
72n86, 7411117, 74ni2i, 7711167,770169,
77ni70, 79, 87-88, 89, ioini7,115,128,152,
153,166058,183,185; Lithuania, 8022, 55, 65,
750138,770170,117; Leningrad Oblast, 158,
167065,177. See also perestroika
Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 5-6,
45; Agitprop Department, 10, 20, 49,
64-65, 740126, 86, 91,129,13im6,133047»
205; Central Committee, 61,750131,97»
98,121-122,126,128,167065» 207, 208;
Estonian, 26; Lithuania, 7, 86,110, i3in8
Conference of European Churches (CEC),
94, 99,123,124,151,169080
confession/denomination, 2, 3, 67, 99,
162-163, 208-209
confirmation and first communion, 12,
20-21, 74ni20S, 81,118,125, 205, 209;
measure of church adherence, 16, 21,
36019, 39077» 58-59» 66,101030; state
policy on, 11-12, 20-22, 34, 39nn74-83, 57,
58, 67, 7411116,74ni2i, 98
Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults
(CARC), 6,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19-20,
21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 4on8o,
4on83, 440156, 45» 46, 47» 49, 50, 51» 52, 53»
58, 62, 63, 64-66, 67-68, 68nni-5, 69ni2,
69021, 69024, 69n29, 70046, 70048, 71053,
71065, 72089, 74nn6, 7411123, 750137»
760154, 760157, 770165, 770166, 79, 80,
83, 84, 85-86, 87, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97» 98,
ioon6, loonio, 100012,102046,104077,
io6mo8,111,126,128-129,132021, i35n75,
207, 208. See also Polyansky, Ivan; Puzin,
Aleksei
Council for the Affairs of the Russian
Orthodox Church (CROC), 6,17, 61,
64-66, 68, 72089, 770162, 80, 91, 97-99»
io8ni49,1080150,111,114,116,122,126,129,
132020,133047,134061, i38nio8,1380110,
1410172, 207. See also Karpov, Georgi
Council for Religious Affairs (CRA) 6,152,
153» 159» 166058,174» 176,179,180,189,
192,194024, 197075. See also Kuroedov,
Vladimir; Kharchev; Konstantin
Czechoslovakia, ix, 29, 86,118,122,142,154
Daugavpils, 78, 80,105093,114-115» 132031,
134048
Denmark, 65, 87, io4n90,151
de-Stalinization, 78, 99» 109
détente, 5,108042,142,149,151-153» 161,163,
173, 202, 205» 206
Dibelius, Bishop Otto, 64, 760159,1380122,
I39ni25
dissent in churches, 3» 80-81, 89,104091,
1070134,128,142,156-159,161-62,
I7innm-i4,173,176-178,182-183,187-188,
I94n33» 202, 205, 207, 209. See also
Catholic Church; Rebirth and Renewal
Doppmann, Hans-Dieter, 166049,169090
Dukalski, Michael, 52
250 | Index
Dulbinskis, Bishop Kazimirs, 18, 52, 711161,
82, 84, 88, 90,98,1041178,127,128,131115
Eastern Europe, ix, 64, 66, 69024,94,122,
123,125,154, 204; 1989 revolutions, ix, 5,
172, 202
elections, 12,18,19, 33, 391164,44ni6o, 54»
68n3,158
emigration, 10,17,27,371132,119
emigré churches, 9,19, 85,92, 94-95» i07ni29,
I07ni3i, I07ni33,110,116,122,127, i34n6o,
151-152,161, i67nn6o-64, i68n66,178,
1951135, 200, 201,203; Estonian, 25, 85,
i38nnii4—116,152,153,1951135; Latvian, 152,
i67n6o, i67n63, i67n64, i69n83,188,198096
Estonian Christian Democratic Party. See
Christian Democrats
Estonian Committee, 188
Estonian National Independence Movement,
187
Estonian Orthodox Church. See Orthodox
Church: Estonian
Estonian SSR government. See republic
governments
Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD). See
Germany, West
Feldmanis, Roberts, 56,73nioi, 73mo2, 89,183
Finland: church contacts/communications
with Estonia, 63,122,123, i38mi7,146,152,
161, i64n23,177,180,1941132, 202, 203, 206;
Ingrian Finns, 21,122, i67n65,177
first communion. See confirmation and first
communion
foreign policy. See Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics; specific international
organizations; and individual countries
forest brothers. See World War II: guerrilla
resistance in Baltics after
Freijs, Alberts, 4111123, 56, 73nioi, i69n8o,
i69n82
Gailitis, Bishop Kárlis, 182-186,188, i97n86,
I98n96
Germans: historical legacy in Baltics, 13,
15,18, 3bn32, 3bn33,150-151; prisoners of
war (,see World War II). See also Soviet
Germans
Germany, division of and the German
question, 66, 92,123
Germany, East (German Democratic
Republic), 1, 76ni58,76ni6o, 77ni73, 83,
124-126, i33n4i, i38nio9,13911125,150,151,
i53-i55 i69n9o; Christian Democratic
Union (East), 123,124,126; Communist
Party, 64,122,123,126; Evangelical-
Lutheran Churches in, 83,116,119,
I38ni22,139ni26, i4oni5i, i4oni52,150,
161, i66n49, i69n88, i7inn6; as case of
religious policy and change, ix, 1, 5, 7on48,
96, io8ni42,120,147-149,153,160, i65n39,
i68n73,169080,172,174-175» 178,192»
193017, 203-207, 209
Germany, West (Federal Republic of
Germany), 5,118,119,150,153,175» 182,
206; Bruderschaften, 124,125; EKD/
Evangelical-Lutheran Churches, 63-64,
770173, 92, 95, 99» io6nm, I07ni34,
124-126,1380122,150-151,161,178,185, 206
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 179,181,183,185,187,
188,191,193019, 202, 205, 206. See also
perestroika
Great Britain, 32, 85, 92,94,119,136084;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 87, 92;
Anglican Church, 36ml
Grinbergs, Bishop Theodore, 11,18, 39064
Hallaste, Illar, 158,1710111,177,187,1980109
Hammer, Harri, 32, 430152, 440155,146,158,
17mm, 177
Hansen, Paul, 151,153,166050, i66n54,169083
Hare Krishna, 180,195n47
Hark, Archbishop Edgar, 37035, 53, 72074,
750140,124,13911124,154,155,158,159,
164023,169087,169088,1700109,17mm,
173» 177» 178,182,196057, 203
Herrnhuters (Bohemian Brethren), 15, 29-32,
33» 34» 37H3L 381146, 420136-141, 43nni42-
148, 440159, 48, 66, 79» ioon9, loonio, 113,
125,132034,133035, 207; Eugene Tanner
faction of, 15, 29,30,371131» 381146, 420138,
420139; Juri Leidtorf faction of, 29, 430145
Index I 251
Hiiuma, 14, 32» 391*77, 44ni54 47» 69014, 79»
98, ioon6
Horn, Adolph, 32, 33, 42ni4i, 4311152, 4411155
Hromadka, Josef, 122
human rights, 176-177
Hungary ix, 66, 85, 94, 95, 99,1070129,125,
147,172, 203
lives, Peter, 57
informants* See clergy; KGB/NKVD
interwar history, 13,18, 29, 36030, 36031. See
also Pats, Konstantin; Ulmanis, Kärlis;
Germans
Irbe, Acting Bishop Kärlis, 11,12,14,18,19,
25, 26, 32, 37037, 38055, 391164, 420132,
43ni53
Islam. See Moslems
Jacob, Günter, 166051
Jänicke, Bishop Johannes, 166051
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 111,156
Jews, 8n22,11,15,78, 81,101026,115,154,
167052, 209
John XXIII, Pope, 111,122,129,142
John Paul II, Pope, 156,174,186
Jürjo, Villu, 158,1700109,1710112,176-177
Juva, Bishop Mikko, 153
Käbin, Johannes, 10006
Kalderovski, Kärlis, 1710114
Kaldur, Peeter, i7inii2,191,1951145
Kalnberzins, Janis, 6805, 69021
Kalnins, Bishop Harald, 430148, 750140, 89,
150,151,153,156,166049,166050,167058,
169082,169090,184-185
Karpov, Georgi, 65-66, 69021, 760159,
770162,771*172,97 98,1080150,111,129,
i3ini6,1410167
Kaulins, Arvids, 39067, 87,156,164019
KGB/NKVD, 6, 9,18, 96,105092,105095,
1070133,115,145,169086, 207; arrests and
coercion of clergy, 10, 32-33, 4400154-157,
47, 50, 53, 56, 7***59, 78, 105095,13*05,
155,158, 200; dual roles of state religious
officials, 33, 440158, 96,1080140, io8ni4i,
207; informants, 420138, 43ni53» 44ni58,
53, 72072, 72073, 73niOi, 730102, 741*122,
87, 90, 99,104073,104076,119,13107,
136084,1400149,155,156,161,166049,181,
182, 201, 205; policy positions, 35, 49, 65,
67, 70041, 740117, 79, 82, 86, 87, 90, 93,
94, ioon6,1070123,1070126,110-111,122,
131015, i38nm, 1400152,149-152,159,160,
165041,167060,180,189, i98mo2, 208
Kharchev, Konstantin, 179,195039
Khrushchev, Nikita, 3, 5, 63, 78,79, 88,91, 93,
97, 99,104081,109,113, ii4 116,117,119,121,
123,128,129,1341*49,142-147,157,160-162,
16306,164022,172,185,194031, 201, 202,
204-207
Kiivit, Archbishop Jaan, 29,33, 430152, 440156,
53-55, 58, 61-65, 72n86,73*193» 74**i22,
740123, 750130, 75ni32, 75*1137, 751*139, 79,
86,87,89, 92,95, ioon9 101023,104089,
io6nno, io6nii5,1070131,112,113,119,
121-124,127,129,138nn6,1390146,151,154,
155,169085,169086,17inn6, i7ini22,182, 203
Kiivit Jr., Archbishop Jaan, 164023,182,183,
187,196059
Kleperis, Peteris, 39067, 72085, 87, 90,
104073,104076,104090,1070134, io8ni43,
155-156,164019,166052,169081
Kohlta-Jarve, 149, *65039,195*145
Kokars-Trops, Jànis, 179,183,185,189,195047,
196060
Komsomol, 28, 51, 57, 59» 67, 6803, 730102,
74nii3, 740121, 90, 98,105097,105098,120,
121,137*193,137*1101
Kopp, Bishop Johan, 10
Korean War, 45, 61
Krummacher, Bishop Friedrich-Wilhelm,
126,1400151,166051
Kublinskis, Alfreds, 189-90,197086,
1980104,1980106
Kuroedov, Vladimir, 147,149,150,157,
165026,166048,17inii9,174,179» 193*115
Latgâle, 9, 46, 48, 52, 69018, 71*156, 82,
1070123,110,113,114,127,156» 174
Lacis, Vilas, 11, 6805, 69021, iomi7
Latvian Orthodox Church. See Orthodox
Churches: Latvian
252 | Index
Latvian Popular Front. See Popular Front
Latvian SSR government. See republic
governments
Leepins, August, 53, 90,156,182
Leningrad, 89, 90, 95» 1051*93» i22 *58,
1671165,177,184
Lentsman, Leonid, 7411123, 77ni68, io3n6o,
io6nii5
Levindanto, Nikolai, 54
Liepaja, 47» 52» 53» 80,112,120
Lithuania SSR, 1, 3» 6, 7,10, 25, 371127, 49, 52,
75ni38, 86,110, i35n67 161,167058, 204;
Catholic church, 3, 6, 8n22,12,13,14,17,
37027, 7on46, 85, 86, 93» 103065, I03n67
io6nn8,1070120,110,128,13103,13in7,
134057» 139H143» 142» 158,174» 181, 209;
Lutheran church, 55, 56, 62, 65» 750138,
87» 97» io8ni43,117,135n66, i4oni54,152,
167059; Reformed church, 55, 97, io8ni43,
1400154
local governments, 11, 23, 24, 38076, 430146,
46, 50, 55» 57» 65, 68n4 68n6, 80, 84, 91, 95»
ioon6,112-115,125,145» 162,188, 207. See
also republic governments
Luhamets, Joel, 158,1710112
Lusis, Bishop Arnold, 167062,167063
Luther, Martin, 150—151,153-154,163,166052,
176,178
Lutheran Church. See all entries under
church; see names of individual church
leaders
Lutheran World Federation, 46, 760159,
760160, 94-95» 99» 1070129,111,114,122-
124,126-127,129,1380116,1380117,150-155»
161,166050,166054,167058,167059,
167062,169080,169083,169088,175,178,
184,196056, 202, 203, 206; Conference of
Lutheran Minority Churches, 94,95,123,
1390127,151,153, i68n66, i68n68,168075.
See also Soviet Germans; Hansen, Paul
Malenkov, Georgi, 74ni24, 83
marriages. See church rites: marriages
Matulis, Archbishop Janis, 150,152,154,155,
166052,167058, 167062,167064,169083,
1701114,173,178,182,196058,203
Mau, Carl, 151,166050
Mennonites, 149,150
Mesters, Archbishop Eriks, 155» *59» 169084,
182-185, i96n6o, 203
Methodists, 15, 66,92» 99» *57» 178; Estonia,
4» 15, 23, 32» 24» 38045, 440154» 48, 94»
io6mo8,1070128,113, n6,133035» 164018,
170097,1700106; Latvia, 15, 48
Migla, Wilhelm, 72085
migration, 45» 59» 79» 104081,110,149,150,157»
161, i66n45,178, 208. See also emigration
Mikoyan, Anastas, 93, io3n6s
military service. See theological education
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). See
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Mitzenheim, Bishop Moritz, 123
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 14
monasteries, 9, 50, 67, 68n8,114» 116-118,130,
133047» 1350067-74» 142» 210, 205; Aglona,
12,17, 50, 51, 84, 88, 90, 95,102037,103058,
117,118,127,135067,135071,135072,135073,
178,186; Kannepene, 117,135067; Kraslava,
84,102037,103056; Riga, 26, 70037. See also
pilgrimages
Moscow Catholic Chaplaincy. See Catholic
Church: Moscow Catholic chaplaincy
Moslems, 22, 46, 65, 7on3i, 760157, 86,93» m»
115,117,121, 209
Motsnik, Harri, 158,177,194031» 194032
Narva, loonn
nationalism, 1
national identity and religion, 1-2, 68, 81,
82,129,1410171,149» 157-159» 163» 1700109,
1710114,172,174-178,180,181,184,190-191,
I94n28,195050,1990113, 202, 208, 209
nationalization of churches. See church legal
status
NATO, 1, 64» 92
Niemoller, Church President Martin, 64, 66,
750137, 760159» 770*73» 92» 93» io6nno
nuclear weapons, 45,61,153,178
Old Believers, 15, 23, 440154, 46, 65, 70031»
75ni38, 760157, 770165, 770170, 79» 97»
10005,115» 194024
Index I 253
Orthodox Churches, ix, 2, 4, 34, 61, 65,
7511128, 7611144» 114» 122,129,13811m,
148,156,1981194,199*113; autocephalous,
61; Estonian, 37029,113,149; Georgian,
61; Latvian, 114,118, i32n30,132032,186,
i98moi; Serbian, 132018. See also Russian
Orthodox Church
Ozolins, Viktor, 1390124,155,167060,169083,
170091
Pahn, Bishop August, 10,12, 24, 33, 4imoo,
430152, 440160, 53» 54
Pajula, Archbishop Kuno, 53,119,136085,
166052,182,183,185,187,196057,196059,
203
parishes. See church legal status; Tallinn;
Tartu; Riga
Pats, Konstantin, 13
Paul VI, Pope, 163
peace issue, 201; Estonian Lutheran Church
regarding, 61-62, 751*132, 750139» 92,
1060115,154; Latvian Catholic Church
regarding, 63, 67, 750144, 760147, 93-94;
Latvian Lutheran Church regarding,
55, 61-63, 7500135-138,133043» 154;
regime evaluation of churches’ stance,
56, 62, 62-63, 750131» 750135» 750140»
750141,178; Soviet conferences on, 61, 63,
750138; Soviet Peace Fund, 125,133042,
1390143,155; Stockholm Appeal, 61, 63,
75ni28, 750144. See also Christian Peace
Conference (CPC)
Pelée, Arvids, 69021,10003,103058,104081,
115» 129,135065,1370102
Pentecostals, 54, 70, 90, 98,111,158,161,162,
i7omo6,174,175,178,180,181,184,189,192,
196064, 202, 209
perestroika, 179, 205; Baltic autonomy,
sovereignty, political community, 190-192;
Baltic officials’ response, 181,185,189-190,
208; churches’ response, 181,185,186,
187-188,196065,1990115; Congress of
People’s Deputies, 181,187,188; law on
freedom of religion, 186,190,192,198094;
reorganization and autonomy of Baltic
commissioners, 189-90,1980109
pilgrimages, 49-51, 67, 69021, 7onn40-4i, 82,
84, 88, 90, 94, 98, 99» 102037,1030056-58,
117-118,127,129,130,135071,178,186. See
also monasteries
Pius XII, Pope, 14, 46, 49» in, 125,132017
Plate, Modris, 177-178,182-184,196060
Pôder, Andres, 1700109,17imi2,194030
Poland, ix, 29, 85,94, 99» 124» 142,160,172,
174,192, 203, 204, 205, 207; Lutheran
Church, 124
Polyansky, Ivan, 20, 3504, 40079, 53» 56, 65,
69023, 71056, 71065, 731193» 7511135, 75ni37»
760158, 7711161, 7711165» 77H173 83, 94» 96»
97, 98,100013,102043,102044» I02n45,
105092, i07ni20,1080140,111
Popular Front, 1,192; in Estonia, 187,188,190,
1980109; in Latvia, 188,189,190,192
Priede, Roberts, 155,169080
Pugo, Kàrlis, 26, 47
Puzin, Aleksei, 111,121,128,13103, i4im68
Ràtsep, Kaide, 119,136084
Rebirth and Renewal, 159,183,188,196065,
198094, 205. See also dissent in churches
Reding, Marcel, 93
Red Army, 9-10,13,15,19, 22, 29, 371135»
38044, 53, 57, 70048, 81, 96,114,156,
169081,173,182. See also theological
education: military service obligation
Reformed Church, 36ml, 66,114,124,133^5
Reformed World Alliance, 124
registration of churches. See church legal
status
religious centers in Moscow, 11,15, 54, 65,
770165, 770170, 85, 97» 131*115» 153» 159»
167058,184
religious holidays, 9» 57» 73*iiio, 121,129,13103,
i37moi, i37nio2,187,191,197*178; Christmas,
12,28, 57,81,100129,102036,105098,
1050100,143,173,187; Easter, 65,81, 82
religious instruction, 16,17,19, 20, 51-52, 67,
82, 86, 89,118,146,183,186, 200, 205. See
also confirmation and first communion
republic governments, 62,93,95-97» 100m2,
125-126,159,175, 207» 208; Estonia, 11, 23,
24, 4on99, 69015, 74m23, 79» 82-83, 85,
254 | Index
86,1031160,10611115; Latvia, 23, 4111118, 46,
50, 68114-6, 691112, 80, 82-83, 86,1011117,
1021146,115,128,152,1661158,188
revolutions of 1989. See Eastern Europe: 1989
revolutions
Riga: Lutheran Cathedral, 371132, 82,113-114,
i33nn38-44,186,188; New Gertrude
Parish, 89,114,133045; Orthodox
Cathedral, 189; Reformed Parish, 114,
i33n45
Ristlaan, Rein, 190,192,195045,197088,
1980109
Rozenbergs, Pauls, 18, 39064, 4311153
Rubenis, Juris, 183,188
Russian Orthodox Church, 2-4, n, 12,18, 23,
27, 29, 30, 32, 37H29» 420148, 47, 54, 55» 57»
59» 60, 61, 63, 64-67» 74ni24, 770162, 80,
82, 85, 86, 92-94» 98,101021,1080150,111,
113,114,116,122-124,131016,132021,134049,
i34n6i 135068,135071,1380110,1380111,
1380112,1380113,1380122,1390124,142,143,
156,159,161,16306,167062,173,176,186,189,
194024,197077, 201, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208;
1000th anniversary, 179,191,193013
Saag, Evald, 25, 26, 29, 57, 730104, 96
Saarema, 14, 32, 381145, 39n77 44ni54
Salum, Velio, 158,1710113,178,187,189,
1980103
Salumae, Tiit, 158,1710112
Savisaar, Edgar, 188
Scandinavia, 36011, 61, 62, 750131, 92,148,
162,1980109
Scharf, Bishop Kurt, 126,1400152
Schonherr, Bishop Albrecht, 166051
sects, 4,14,21, 22, 25, 38046, 420141, 48,49, 54,
58, 59» 74ni24, 80, 84, 90-91» 96-99» iOin2i,
1080150,111,145-148,157,161,162,16302,
16303,164016,1700104,180,181,189,1980102,
205, 207. See also Baptists; Herrnhuters
(Bohemian Brethren); Jehovah’s Witnesses;
Mennonites; Pentecostals; Seventh-Day
Adventist Church
secular (ersatz) rites, 59-60,147,160,162,174,
176,188,191-192; burials, 121; folk holidays
and, 121, i37moi, 1370102; name-giving
ceremonies, 165027; Summer Days of
Youth (coming-of-age ceremony), 120-121,
147,165027,165039,176; weddings, 165027.
See also antireligious campaign
secularization, 1
Seigewasser, Hans, 126,1400151
Seventh-Day Adventist Church, 11, 47» 50» 54»
56, 57» 65, 6804, 70031, 731*102, 89,1041*91»
111,131015,156,157,164018,187
Shaurums, Gustav, 54
Simojoki, Bishop Maarti, 127
Slosbergs, KriSjanis, 28, 54
Soone, Bishop Einar, 182
Soviet Germans, 89,125,1391*146, *49,175»
202, 206-207; Baltic church responses,
150-153,166050,184-185; German
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the
USSR, 184-185; LWF and, 150-151,153» *84;
state policy, 3,149-152,157» 161,166045,
166050,166057,174,184, 208
Springoviis, Archbishop Antonijs, 10,12,
14,17-19, 24-26, 35, 37027, 38039, 39H58,
4imo5, 49, 51» 52, 54» 63, 65, 67, 69025,
750144, 760148, 770169, 82, 88, 94» no,
120,127,128,131 n7, 203
Stalin, Joseph, 3, 4,12,17, 20, 21, 26, 371*29»
46, 51, 54, 63, 64, 760157, 760158, 770162,
770172, 78-79» 84, 89, 91» 92, 98,117,129»
*49» 179» 201, 204
stalinization, 26, 29, 34, 45» 102045, 203, 205
Strods, Bishop Peteris, 18, 26, 51, 52, 63, 64,
69024, 711*59, 72079, 760147, 82, 83, 88-91,
94, 102041, 103058,104083,105093,105095»
losmoo, 1060103,1070133,115,118,120,
124,127,128,134051,135071,136076,136078,
136092,1371*93» 1390138,1400156,1400159,
1400164,174,193012
synods. See church governance
Sweden, 10,14, 63, 64, 760151, 92,94, 95,
1070128,152,155» 166054» 169083,169088,
175, 203
Taiwans, Leons, 11,73093» 75ni4Q, 89, 95,
104090,1070134
Tallinn, 18, 32, 440158, 53» 59» 69015, 75ni39»
83,1070128,113,153» 158,175» 182; Holy
Index | 255
Ghost Parish, 7411122; Jaani Parish, 33,
4311152, 4411156, 68ns, 74m 18; Kaarli
Parish, 4411156, 48, 7411118; Oleviste Parish,
48, 691115,1701197; Peeteli Parish, 4311152,
113; Toom-Nikuliste Parish, 4311152
Tartu, 9,17,18,19, 35m, 440159, n9» 17mm;
Paulus Parish, 4311152, 80,112; Peetri
Parish, 89
Tedder, Lembit, 57, 62
theological education, 200-202, 204-206,
209; Baptists, 83-84; Catholic seminaries
in Lithuania, 51, 7on46,181; Catholic
seminary in Belarus and Ukraine, 186;
Catholic seminary in Riga, 12,14,17,
26, 4inii7, 50, 51, 56, 69n2i, 700045-48,
71H52, 7in59 7^79, 83, 1020041-43,146,
174,180-81,197080; Lutheran institute in
Estonia, 17-18, 25-26,174,187; Lutheran
institute in Latvia, 17-18,102045, i36n83;
Lutheran institutes, 41m 16, 4m 120,
420133, 55-56, 83,119,146,180; military
service obligation, 17, 38057, 51, 70048, 83,
i02n44,189,1980104; general state policy
regarding, 12,17, 25—26, 34, 67, 83,119,
146-147,165026,180
theology, 203-204
Tooming, Archbishop Alfred, 37035, 53,
72075, 7511140,155» 157» i66n52,169087,
i70ni04
totalitarian model, 2-3, 34, 67
transnational actors, 5, 205-207
Trops, Henrik, 88
Turs, Archbishop Gustav, 12,18-19, 21» 22,
25-27, 39n64, 39066, 39068, 4on8o, 401120,
4ini23, 45-47, 52-56, 61-64, 66, 68n3,
7in65 72-1171, 72nn84-86, 72088, 73*193»
740117, 74m20, 750130, 750135» 750137»
750138, 75ni4*» 760160, 770173» 81-83,
86-89, 91, 92» 95» 97» iomi9,100131,102045,
103068,104073,104074,104077, i05nioo,
1050101, io6mo3,1070133,1080143,
112-114,117, 118, 124, 127, 129, i33nn4i-43,
135065,136077, i37nioo, 1380120,1390129,
1390136,1400149, 1400154» 15L 154, 155»
164019,167059, 168079,169080, 169082,
169085, 203
Ukrainian SSR, 1, 49» 55» 73n94 77ni75» 82,
97,102041,110,146,167058,186,197080;
Reformed churches, 124
Ulmanis, Kàrlis, 14, 82
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Council
of Ministers, 20, 22, 23, 26, 31,770162,
117; foreign policy of, 5, 45» 46, 64» 76ni58,
91, 99,111-112,121,123-124,129,142,153,
163,175, 206; Ministry of Culture, 56,
63; Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA),
6, 66, 68, 76ni54, 76ni6o, 77ni73» 93» 94»
1070129,126-127,132017. See also Council
for Affairs of Religious Cults (CARC);
Council for Affairs of the Russian
Orthodox Church (CROC); Council for
Religious Affairs (CRA); détente; KGB/
NKVD; peace issue
United States: Lutheran Church, 64;
National Council of Churches, 92
unregistered groups. See Baptists:
unregistered (initsiativniki); church legal
status
Unt, Henn, 44ms7, 56, 731^103
Urbss, Bishop Antonijs, 53
Vaikuls, Stanislav, 12,18, 37027, 52
Vaivods, Julijans Cardinal, 53,63,760148, 88,
104080,128, i4oni6o, 156,163,174» *78,185,
186, i93nnn-i3,195036, i97n8o, 1990115, 203
Vanags, Archbishop Jânis, 183
Vatican, 8n22,14, 49» 61, 63, 67, 68, 69023,
69024, 85, 88, 93~95» 98, 99» 102039,
103067,1070126,110-112,122-125,127,130,
131ns, I32ni8,132020, i38nnno-i2,1390127,
1400156,1400159» 142,156,163, i68n66,174,
1951136, 200, 201, 206
Vejs, Andris, 119,136084, 148
Vetsmanis, Alfons, 72085
Vimmsaare, Kuulo, 148,16303
Virbulus, Alberts, 18,19, 391164
Vitols, Alberts, 54
Voroshilov, Klement, 19, 20, 22, 56, 63, 65,
68m, 740124, 760152, 770165, 770166
weddings. See church rites and adherence:
marriages
256 | Index
Wilm, Ernst, 124
World Council of Churches (WCC), 46,
92, 94, io6nii5 111,122-124,129,132n20,
i38nniio-H4,1380120,151,152,154, 167060,
167064,168074,1700100, 203, 206
World Peace Council, 122
World War II, 3; destruction from, 9-10,17;
German occupation of Baltics during, 9,
13, 36029; German POWs, 64, 770161,150;
guerrilla resistance in Baltics after, 9-10,
12,13, i4 36027, 43*1151
Zachests, Julijans, 127,14011159,1400160
Zhdanov, Andrei, 10, 20, 65,77ni66
Zhidkov, Yakov, 54
Znanie, 120,137*195» 165*139» 195*143
Zondaks, Bishop Valerian, 52, 63,73, 83, 88,
98, i3in5 131117,139*1142,156 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Goeckel, Robert F. |
| author_facet | Goeckel, Robert F. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Goeckel, Robert F. |
| author_variant | r f g rf rfg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045207471 |
| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BR1050 |
| callnumber-raw | BR1050.E75 |
| callnumber-search | BR1050.E75 |
| callnumber-sort | BR 41050 E75 |
| callnumber-subject | BR - Christianity |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1057662066 (DE-599)BVBBV045207471 |
| dewey-full | 322/.10947909051 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 322 - Relation of state to organized groups |
| dewey-raw | 322/.10947909051 |
| dewey-search | 322/.10947909051 |
| dewey-sort | 3322 1110947909051 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1944-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1944-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lettland Estland Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV045207471 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:07:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780253036155 9780253036117 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 018014996 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030596334 |
| oclc_num | 1057662066 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xiii, 256 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Indiana University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Goeckel, Robert F. Verfasser aut Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution Robert F. Goeckel Bloomington, Indiana Indiana University Press [2018] © 2018 xiii, 256 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "Soviet Religious Policy in Estonia and Latvia considers what impact Western religious culture had on Soviet religious policy. While Russia was a predominantly Orthodox country, Baltic states annexed after WWII, such as Estonia and Latvia, featured Lutheran and Catholic churches as the state religion. Robert Goeckel explores how Soviet religious policy accommodated differing traditions and the extent to which these churches either reflected nationalist consciousness or offered an opportunity for subversion of Soviet ideals. Goeckel considers what negotiating power these organizations might have had with the Soviet state and traces differences in policy between Moscow and local bureaucracies. Based on extensive research into official Soviet archives, some of which are no longer available to scholars, Goeckel provides fascinating insight into the relationship between central political policies and church responses to those shifting policies in the USSR. Goeckel argues that national cultural affinity with Christianity remained substantial despite plummeting rates of religious adherence. He makes the case that this affinity helped to provide a diffuse basis for the eventual challenge to the USSR. The Singing Revolution restored independence to Estonia and Latvia, and while Catholic and Lutheran churches may not have played a central role in this restoration, Goeckel shows how they nonetheless played harmony"... Geschichte 1944-1991 gnd rswk-swf Church and state Estonia History 20th century Church and state Latvia History 20th century Church and state Soviet Union History 20th century Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 s Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g Geschichte 1944-1991 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Goeckel, Robert F., 1951- author Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia Bloomington, Indiana : Indiana University Press, [2018] 9780253036131 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Goeckel, Robert F. Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution Church and state Estonia History 20th century Church and state Latvia History 20th century Church and state Soviet Union History 20th century Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049416-0 (DE-588)4074187-4 (DE-588)4015587-0 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution |
| title_auth | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution |
| title_exact_search | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution |
| title_full | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution Robert F. Goeckel |
| title_fullStr | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution Robert F. Goeckel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia playing harmony in the Singing Revolution Robert F. Goeckel |
| title_short | Soviet religious policy in Estonia and Latvia |
| title_sort | soviet religious policy in estonia and latvia playing harmony in the singing revolution |
| title_sub | playing harmony in the Singing Revolution |
| topic | Church and state Estonia History 20th century Church and state Latvia History 20th century Church and state Soviet Union History 20th century Religionspolitik (DE-588)4049416-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Church and state Estonia History 20th century Church and state Latvia History 20th century Church and state Soviet Union History 20th century Religionspolitik Lettland Estland Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030596334&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT goeckelrobertf sovietreligiouspolicyinestoniaandlatviaplayingharmonyinthesingingrevolution |