Bridges between Science, Society and Policy: Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts
This book summarises the results of the project TAMI (Technology Assessment in Europe; between Method and Impact); a two-year project that brought together the main institutes of technology assessment in Europe, both parliamentary and non-parliamentary ones. TAMI created a structured dialogue betwee...
Gespeichert in:
Weitere Verfasser: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2004
|
Schriftenreihe: | Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH
22 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | BTU01 FHI01 Volltext |
Zusammenfassung: | This book summarises the results of the project TAMI (Technology Assessment in Europe; between Method and Impact); a two-year project that brought together the main institutes of technology assessment in Europe, both parliamentary and non-parliamentary ones. TAMI created a structured dialogue between technology assessment experts and policymakers on current methodologies and their impact in policymaking. The TAMI team explored and assessed the whole spectrum of methodologies from the "classical" to the "interactive/participatory" and "communicative", identified good practices in project implementation and set the stage for impact evaluation based on objective criteria. Moreover the team investigated wider influencing factors in technology assessment, ranging from "institutional settings" to "lobbying activities", "industry technology assessment" and "cultural aspects" that are also presented in detail. Finally the book offers a series of policy recommendations based on the findings of the project. Science, Society and Policy, are three areas that technology assessment functions within and works for; this book is an attempt to improve the interaction amongst them for a more socially and economically sustainable Science and Technology policy in Europe |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 252 p) |
ISBN: | 9783662061718 |
DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000zcb4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV045149426 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20231129 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 180827s2004 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9783662061718 |9 978-3-662-06171-8 | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (ZDB-2-ENG)978-3-662-06171-8 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1184497647 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045149426 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-573 |a DE-634 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 300 |2 23 | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bridges between Science, Society and Policy |b Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts |c edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher |
264 | 1 | |a Berlin, Heidelberg |b Springer Berlin Heidelberg |c 2004 | |
300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 252 p) | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH |v 22 | |
520 | |a This book summarises the results of the project TAMI (Technology Assessment in Europe; between Method and Impact); a two-year project that brought together the main institutes of technology assessment in Europe, both parliamentary and non-parliamentary ones. TAMI created a structured dialogue between technology assessment experts and policymakers on current methodologies and their impact in policymaking. The TAMI team explored and assessed the whole spectrum of methodologies from the "classical" to the "interactive/participatory" and "communicative", identified good practices in project implementation and set the stage for impact evaluation based on objective criteria. Moreover the team investigated wider influencing factors in technology assessment, ranging from "institutional settings" to "lobbying activities", "industry technology assessment" and "cultural aspects" that are also presented in detail. Finally the book offers a series of policy recommendations based on the findings of the project. Science, Society and Policy, are three areas that technology assessment functions within and works for; this book is an attempt to improve the interaction amongst them for a more socially and economically sustainable Science and Technology policy in Europe | ||
610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 4 | |a Social Sciences | |
650 | 4 | |a Social Sciences, general | |
650 | 4 | |a Ethics | |
650 | 4 | |a R & D/Technology Policy | |
650 | 4 | |a Social sciences | |
650 | 4 | |a Ethics | |
650 | 4 | |a Economic policy | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politische Entscheidung |0 (DE-588)4046531-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Technikbewertung |0 (DE-588)4078176-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Technologiepolitik |0 (DE-588)4184587-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |D b |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Technikbewertung |0 (DE-588)4078176-8 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Technologiepolitik |0 (DE-588)4184587-0 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Politische Entscheidung |0 (DE-588)4046531-7 |D s |
689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
700 | 1 | |a Decker, Michael |4 edt | |
700 | 1 | |a Ladikas, Miltos |4 edt | |
700 | 1 | |a Stephan, Susanne |4 edt | |
700 | 1 | |a Wütscher, Friederike |4 edt | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 9783642059605 |
830 | 0 | |a Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH |v 22 |w (DE-604)BV039957580 |9 22 | |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
912 | |a ZDB-2-ENG | ||
940 | 1 | |q ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004 | |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030539124 | ||
883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |l BTU01 |p ZDB-2-ENG |q ZDB-2-ENG_Archiv |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |l FHI01 |p ZDB-2-ENG |q ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004 |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804178821159583744 |
---|---|
any_adam_object | |
author2 | Decker, Michael Ladikas, Miltos Stephan, Susanne Wütscher, Friederike |
author2_role | edt edt edt edt |
author2_variant | m d md m l ml s s ss f w fw |
author_facet | Decker, Michael Ladikas, Miltos Stephan, Susanne Wütscher, Friederike |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV045149426 |
collection | ZDB-2-ENG |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-2-ENG)978-3-662-06171-8 (OCoLC)1184497647 (DE-599)BVBBV045149426 |
dewey-full | 300 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-raw | 300 |
dewey-search | 300 |
dewey-sort | 3300 |
dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
discipline | Soziologie |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04142nmm a2200637zcb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045149426</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231129 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">180827s2004 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783662061718</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-662-06171-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-2-ENG)978-3-662-06171-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1184497647</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045149426</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-634</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">300</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Bridges between Science, Society and Policy</subfield><subfield code="b">Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts</subfield><subfield code="c">edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin, Heidelberg</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</subfield><subfield code="c">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 252 p)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH</subfield><subfield code="v">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">This book summarises the results of the project TAMI (Technology Assessment in Europe; between Method and Impact); a two-year project that brought together the main institutes of technology assessment in Europe, both parliamentary and non-parliamentary ones. TAMI created a structured dialogue between technology assessment experts and policymakers on current methodologies and their impact in policymaking. The TAMI team explored and assessed the whole spectrum of methodologies from the "classical" to the "interactive/participatory" and "communicative", identified good practices in project implementation and set the stage for impact evaluation based on objective criteria. Moreover the team investigated wider influencing factors in technology assessment, ranging from "institutional settings" to "lobbying activities", "industry technology assessment" and "cultural aspects" that are also presented in detail. Finally the book offers a series of policy recommendations based on the findings of the project. Science, Society and Policy, are three areas that technology assessment functions within and works for; this book is an attempt to improve the interaction amongst them for a more socially and economically sustainable Science and Technology policy in Europe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Europäische Union</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)5098525-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Social Sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Social Sciences, general</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ethics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">R & D/Technology Policy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Social sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ethics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Economic policy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politische Entscheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046531-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Technikbewertung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078176-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Technologiepolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4184587-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Europäische Union</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)5098525-5</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Technikbewertung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078176-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Technologiepolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4184587-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Politische Entscheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046531-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Decker, Michael</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ladikas, Miltos</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stephan, Susanne</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wütscher, Friederike</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">9783642059605</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH</subfield><subfield code="v">22</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV039957580</subfield><subfield code="9">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-2-ENG</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030539124</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8</subfield><subfield code="l">BTU01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-2-ENG</subfield><subfield code="q">ZDB-2-ENG_Archiv</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8</subfield><subfield code="l">FHI01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-2-ENG</subfield><subfield code="q">ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV045149426 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:10:03Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9783662061718 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030539124 |
oclc_num | 1184497647 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-573 DE-634 |
owner_facet | DE-573 DE-634 |
physical | 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 252 p) |
psigel | ZDB-2-ENG ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004 ZDB-2-ENG ZDB-2-ENG_Archiv ZDB-2-ENG ZDB-2-ENG_2000/2004 |
publishDate | 2004 |
publishDateSearch | 2004 |
publishDateSort | 2004 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | marc |
series | Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH |
series2 | Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH |
spelling | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2004 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 252 p) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH 22 This book summarises the results of the project TAMI (Technology Assessment in Europe; between Method and Impact); a two-year project that brought together the main institutes of technology assessment in Europe, both parliamentary and non-parliamentary ones. TAMI created a structured dialogue between technology assessment experts and policymakers on current methodologies and their impact in policymaking. The TAMI team explored and assessed the whole spectrum of methodologies from the "classical" to the "interactive/participatory" and "communicative", identified good practices in project implementation and set the stage for impact evaluation based on objective criteria. Moreover the team investigated wider influencing factors in technology assessment, ranging from "institutional settings" to "lobbying activities", "industry technology assessment" and "cultural aspects" that are also presented in detail. Finally the book offers a series of policy recommendations based on the findings of the project. Science, Society and Policy, are three areas that technology assessment functions within and works for; this book is an attempt to improve the interaction amongst them for a more socially and economically sustainable Science and Technology policy in Europe Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Social Sciences Social Sciences, general Ethics R & D/Technology Policy Social sciences Economic policy Politische Entscheidung (DE-588)4046531-7 gnd rswk-swf Technikbewertung (DE-588)4078176-8 gnd rswk-swf Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Technikbewertung (DE-588)4078176-8 s Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 s Politische Entscheidung (DE-588)4046531-7 s 1\p DE-604 Decker, Michael edt Ladikas, Miltos edt Stephan, Susanne edt Wütscher, Friederike edt Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe 9783642059605 Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH 22 (DE-604)BV039957580 22 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung, Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Social Sciences Social Sciences, general Ethics R & D/Technology Policy Social sciences Economic policy Politische Entscheidung (DE-588)4046531-7 gnd Technikbewertung (DE-588)4078176-8 gnd Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4046531-7 (DE-588)4078176-8 (DE-588)4184587-0 |
title | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts |
title_auth | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts |
title_exact_search | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts |
title_full | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher |
title_fullStr | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher |
title_full_unstemmed | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts edited by Michael Decker, Miltos Ladikas, Susanne Stephan, Friederike Wütscher |
title_short | Bridges between Science, Society and Policy |
title_sort | bridges between science society and policy technology assessment methods and impacts |
title_sub | Technology Assessment — Methods and Impacts |
topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Social Sciences Social Sciences, general Ethics R & D/Technology Policy Social sciences Economic policy Politische Entscheidung (DE-588)4046531-7 gnd Technikbewertung (DE-588)4078176-8 gnd Technologiepolitik (DE-588)4184587-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Europäische Union Social Sciences Social Sciences, general Ethics R & D/Technology Policy Social sciences Economic policy Politische Entscheidung Technikbewertung Technologiepolitik |
url | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06171-8 |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV039957580 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT deckermichael bridgesbetweensciencesocietyandpolicytechnologyassessmentmethodsandimpacts AT ladikasmiltos bridgesbetweensciencesocietyandpolicytechnologyassessmentmethodsandimpacts AT stephansusanne bridgesbetweensciencesocietyandpolicytechnologyassessmentmethodsandimpacts AT wutscherfriederike bridgesbetweensciencesocietyandpolicytechnologyassessmentmethodsandimpacts |