Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek: imperski interesi i politika
Русия във века на просвещението и революционните събития през XВИИИ век имперски интереси и политика
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Izdatelstvo na BAN "Prof. Marin Drinov"
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | Părvo izdanie |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Bibliografie Seite 334-349. - Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache: Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka. Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century. - Namensregister |
| Beschreibung: | 361 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9789543229222 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |6 880-01 |a Stoilova, Tamara Petrova |d 1953- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)123798078 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |6 880-04 |a Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek |b imperski interesi i politika |c Bălgarska akademija na naukite, Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija ; Tamara Stoilova |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |6 880-03 |a Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century |
| 250 | |6 880-02 |a Părvo izdanie | ||
| 264 | 1 | |6 880-05 |a Sofija |b Izdatelstvo na BAN "Prof. Marin Drinov" |c 2018 | |
| 300 | |a 361 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliografie Seite 334-349. - Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache: Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka. Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century. - Namensregister | ||
| 546 | |a Text bulgarisch | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillische Schrift | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1700-1800 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Aufklärung |0 (DE-588)4003524-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Aufklärung |0 (DE-588)4003524-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1700-1800 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000008&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000009&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Personenregister |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000010&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 880 | 1 | |6 100-01/(N |a Стоилова, Тамара Петрова |a ut | |
| 880 | |6 250-02/(N |a Първо издание | ||
| 880 | 1 | 3 | |6 246-03/(N |a Россия в век просвещения и революционных событий XVIII века |
| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-04/(N |a Русия във века на просвещението и революционните събития през XВИИИ век |b имперски интереси и политика |c Българска академия на науките, Институт за исторически изследвания ; Тамара Стоилова |
| 880 | 1 | |6 264-05/(N |a София |b Издателство на БАН "Проф. Марин Дринов" |c 2018 | |
| 940 | 1 | |f sla | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178742500655104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | COJÜEP^KAHHE
Cïihcok coKpameHHií /11
BeeneHHe /13
Eiaea I. J pamjy3CKne npocBeniTejiH h Pocciih / 23
1. „3HaKOMCTBo“ (J)paHuy30B c PoccneH w pyccKHH OT3ByK Ha ,,cf)paHuy3CKHe waen“ / 23
2. BOJIKTep H 3HUHKJI0ne^HCTbT / 35
3. KaH-}KaK Pycco / 47
4. OpaHuy3bi Ha cjiy K6e b ileTepôypre o BpeivieHH EKaTepnHbi II / 64
CiaBa II. CTpaTerifnecKHe 3aaaHH IleTepôypra b hkkhom HanpaBJieHMii b 80-e roaw
XVIII Bena/72
1. XepcoH: OJTHueTBOpeHHe pyccKoro CTpeMJieHHH k io KHbiM MopHM / 73
CTpaTernnecKoe MecTopacnojioHceHHe XepcoHa / 73
CTpoHxeJibCTBo KpenocxH h ropoaa / 75
KopaôjiecTpoeHHe / 83
3aceJieHHe XepcoHa KOJioHHCTaMH H3 IO)khoh Eßponbi / 88
3apa3Hbie 6oJie3Hn h 6opb6a c hhmh / 97
PlnocTpaHiibi o XepcoHe /102
2. riocojibCTBO 5lKOBa EyjiraKOBa b KoHCTaHTHHonoiie /116
IIoanHcaHHe J],oroBopa o ToproBJie b 1783 r. /119
CyaoxoncTBO h ToproBJin /124
PemeHHe KpbiMCKoro Bonpoca /137
KaBKaa b noJiHTHKe Pocchh /141
/lyHancKHe KHH/KecTBa /154
Penh IIocnoJiHTaH - onbiT peíneme npoÖJieM b KoHCTaHTHHonoJie / 157
ÜKOB EyjiraKOB h eßponencKHe nocaaHHHKH b KoHCTaHTHHonoJie /160
#kob EyjiraKOB b nepnoa pyccKO-TypeuKOH bohhbi 1787-1791 rr.: aoHecemiH H3
EüHKyne / 167
Eiaea III. PocciiHCKa« mvinepHH h peBOJUounoHHbie coöbithh b Eßpone /173
1. OpaHHH* 1789-1792 rr. /173
Pocchh, OpamiHH h Eßpona HaKaHyHe PeBOJiK UHH 1789 roaa /173
1789 roa. Hanajio /181
Pa3BHTHe peBOJHOUHH h „OTBeTvi Pocchh /190
CenaK ae MeMaH - HeycneiimbiH onbiT cbh3h c 4 paHuy3CKHMH 3MHrpaHTaMH / 199
EercTBo KopoaeBCKoro ceMencTBa h paaHKajiH3atjHH PeBOJitouHH / 203
AKTiiBH3HpOBaHHe pyCCKOH Ü03HUHH ÜO ÖTHOUICHHK) K peBOJIÎOUHOHHOH OpaHHHH / 212
7
2. Uojibuia 1791-1795 rrJ 219
ÜMnepHH npOTHB peBOJiioixHOHHoro 3HTy3Ha3Ma iiojibkob / 219
cDaxaJíbHMH 1793 ro^/233
TpexHH pa3Zieji / 250
DiaBa ÏV. PoccHiícKafl ßHiuioviaTHH b KoHCTaHTHHonojie b 1792-1796 rr. npooJieivibi
h peiueHHH /265
1. VperyjiupoBaHHe pyccKo-TypeuKKX oxhouichkh nocJie ücckoxo MHpeoro aoroBopa i 265
OcMaHCKaa HMnepra: BHyTpeHHee noJio KeHHe / 267
OcMaHCKaa HMnepra: 3HaHHMOCXb nepH^epHH /276
Upoo.xeMbí c rrpe^cxaBHxejiíLvm peBomoiiiiomioPí OpaHUMn b KoHCTaHTHHonojie / 281
rioxcbCKciH npodxcMa b ÆejrreJibHOcm pyccKoro inapte a at^epa b KoHcraHXHHonone / 290
2. HoBan pojib MHxaHJia Kyxy30Ba / 294
LJejin, 3a,aaHH h xxeflTeJTbHocTb Top fcecTBeHHoro poccHHCKoro nocojibCTBa b
KoHcxaHTHHonojie / 294
CoöbixHH bo ^paHUíiH h (^paHuy3bí b KoHCxaHXHHonane: npoôJieMbi b oTHomeHHflX
Kyxy30Ba c líoproH / 309
Oxpax eHXíe noJibCKHx coöbiTHH Ha mhcchh MfixaHJia KyrysoBa i 316
3. Bhktop Kony6eH h npoöJieMa „OpaHura“ / 322
3aKJiK Henne / 331
JlHTepaTypa i 334
HMeHHoií yKa3aTejib /350
Pe3H)]vie Ha pyccKOM H3biKe / 356
Pe3K)Me Ha aHTJiHHCKOM íObiKe / 359
CONTENTS
List of abbreviations /II
Introduction /13
Chapter 1. The French enlighteners and Russia / 23
1. The reaching of the French to Russia and the Russian reaction to the French ideas / 23
2. Voltaire and the encyclopaedists /35
3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau / 47
4. The French in service in Petersburg about Ekaterina II’s time / 64
Chapter 2. The strategic tasks of Petersburg with regard to the South during the 80s of
the 18th century / 72
1. Kherson: the embodiment of the Russian striving towards the Southern seas / 73
Kherson as a strategic place / 73
The building of the fortress and the city / 75
Shipbuilding / 83
The settlement of colonists from Southern Europe in Kherson / 88
The contagious diseases and the precautions against them / 97
The foreigners about Kherson /102
2. Yakov Bulgakov as an ambassador in Constantinople / 116
The signing of the Trade Agreement from 1783 / 119
Shipping and trade / 124
The solving of the Crimean problem / 137
Caucasus in the Russian politics / 141
The Danubian Principalities / 154
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - an attempt for solving the problems in
Constantinople / 157
Yakov Bulgakov and the European ambassadors in Constantinople /160
Yakov Bulgakov during the Russo-Turkish war (1787-1791): reports from Yedikule /167
Chapter 3. The Russian Empire and the revolutionary events in Europe/ 173
1. France 1789-1792/173
Russia, France and Europe in the eve of the Revolution of 1789 /173
The beginning / 181
The progress of the Revolution and Russia’s answer /190
Sénac de Meilhan - a failed attempt to contact the French immigrants / 199
The flight of the Royal family and the radicalization of the Revolution / 203
The intensification of the Russian position towards revolutionary France /212
9
2. Poland 1791-1795 /219
The empires against the revolutionary enthusiasm of the Polish / 219
The fatal year 1793/233
The third partition / 250
Chapter 4. The Russian diplomacy in Constantinople 1792-1796. Problems and
solutions / 265
1. Control of the Russo-Turkish relationship after the Treaty of Jassy / 265
The Ottoman Empire: internal environment / 267
The Ottoman Empire: the importance of the periphery / 276
Problems with the representatives of revolutionary France in Constantinople / 281
The Polish problem in the actions of the Russian chargé d’affaires in Constantinople / 290
2. Kutuzov’s new role /294
Goals, tasks and activities of the ceremonial Russian delegation in Constantinople / 294
The events in France and the French in Constantinople: a problem in the relations
between Kutuzov and the Porte / 309
The reflection of the Polish events on Mikhail Kutuzov’s mission / 316
3. Viktor Kochubey and the France problem/322
Conclusion /331
Bibliography /334
Name index /350
Summary in Russian /356
Summary in English / 359
10
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HMEHEH nOKA3AJ!EU
AO^yji-XaMH# I - 170, 279
Abhh ecf)eHjjH - 275
Abphji, O. - 26
AreHc^en.n - 64
Ajxojk )ho- 136
AjieKcaH/ipoBHq, T - 158
AjreKcaHjn p riaBJTOBHM/AjieKcaHzn p 1 -
58-59, 65, 194, 201, 248, 328, 333
AjieKcaH/n p, uap Ha KaxeTHfl — 141
AjiexceM MnxaHjioBHH - 24, 43
AjTCKCeH [FleTpOBHH] - 31
Ajm-Mypar- 148
Ajioneyc, M. M. - 174, 184-185, 187, 203,
224, 229, 245, 250, 260-262
AMope, E. - 275
Awope, IT. - 275
AHApeeBCKH, PL - 100
AmKejm, O. - 309
AHToaH, A.-Pl 6apoH Rbo Cch )Ko3e({) -
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130-133,215
ApaHzxa - 41
Apene - 108
Acn — 226, 284, 290, 321
AíjjaHacneB, C. - 87
Axmcji, Jie3rnHCKH xaH — 149
Ea iaT, TapKOBCKPi LuaMxaji - 152
EapOapo, H. - 23
EapoqH- 193, 286-287
EaTHpeB, A. - 143
Eay, T. - 114
Ee36opo3KO, A. A. - 70, 120, 139-140,
167-168, 171-172, 201, 212, 226, 237,
255-256, 259, 266, 282, 301,321-322
Eeiui, n. - 27
EeKap™ -41, 52-53
EenHHCKH - 242, 245
EejioceJicKH-Eejio3epcKH, A. M. - 50, 187,
191-192
BeHcoH - 108
Bep KepaK, C. - 33
Bmiep - 290-291
EHuicxjDCBepaep - 174, 185
EoM6en - 313
Eoce - 55
EocicaMn - 158, 237
BpamiuKH, O. K. - 158, 226
EperbOH, JI.-IIL-O. Tonenne - 64, 202-203
BpHco, K. n. - 55
EpoHH, B.- t . - 216
Eptorep - 326
EyreHBHH, JL-A. - 212
EyKaTH-227, 230-231
EyjiraKOB, H. - 15-16, 72, 82, 85, 88, 90,
92-94, 106, 116-123, 126, 137-140,
145-172,185-186, 193, 222, 226-228.
231,234, 237, 291,319, 331
Eyp^cya - 80
SypKe, E. - 232, 236
EypoBHH, PI. T. - 90-91
Eyyp, R. - 33
Eyxxoim, JL - 236, 238, 240, 242-243, 245.
247, 252
BioJi(})HHrep - 35
Brome, Fí.-O. - 30
BancaMaKH, 73,. - 92
BapyKa, C. - 271
BeKTCH - 82
BepHHHaK, R - 324-326
BnejiropcKH - 56
Bhji6ya, A. H. - 64
Bnjipoa, cpp. - 30
Bhhtcp, M. - 100
BjraceB - 93
Bohohoh, PP.-Op. - 194
Bojikohckh, M. H. - 117
BojiHen, K.-Op. - 194
BoJiTep - 26, 29, 31-32, 35-43, 45-46. 48,
50-51,54-58, 62-64, 67
Bopohuob, A. R - 278
Bopohuob, C. R - 174, 191, 196,212,214.
255,294, 322, 325
ByjrrapHC, Ebe - 107
BiopTeMOeprcKH, JL-Ebe - 58
350
BK)pTeM6epr-LU,yTrapT, A. - 79-80, 97
Ba3eMCK*a - 108
raBpaiiJi - 280, 299
TaKC, K. - 77, 79-80, 94, 97, 99
FaJlKOBCKH - 170
FaHHÔaji, PI. A. - 76—78, 83
TapjiHep - 242
raspón - 137, 164
TefïMaH - 203
TeHuiH, PL-Op. - 101
Tn6ep - 67
Thóoi, Op. - 168
FireóoB, A. PF - 52
Fojihuhh, A. M. - 56
rOJIHUHH, B. - 195
Fojihuhh, 71. A. - 67
Fojihuhh, /F M. - 192
Fojiobkhh, F PI. - 32
Tojiu, A.-cPp.-cP. - 183, 229, 233, 237, 250,
256
ronque - 167-168
FpeHBHji - 197
Fpnep - 91
TpiiM, Op.-M. - 43^14, 56-57, 186
Tpoc - 202
FyHHHr, R - 45
FycTaB III- 175, 215, 297
FycTaB IV AuojkJ) - 297
Tiajiaiviôep - 42^13, 51
Ti’Apeco - 108
TFApToa- 178, 214
Ti’EcTepo - 185
ZI’ETpe- 32
TTOÔHHe, A. - 33
TFOrpom, III.-46, 54
TFIOcuep - 55
ZUbhu - 149
ZlaMa u’ApTHHH, K.-E. P. - 69
21aH Ko, O. uto KypcHHOH - 30, 33
ilauiKOBa, E. P. - 50, 64, 66-67
Tie Puöac - 109
ZleöajiMeH (Tie EajiMeH), A. B. - 80, 84,
97-98
Tie6ojiH - 231
TierHH, )K. - 35
TieKopui uno CeHT Kpoa- 198, 224-225,
232, 279, 282-284, 286-290, 309,
311-313, 315, 318-320, 324
Tiep KaBHH - 47
ZiecHHUKH, C. E. - 63
Ti Ke3apip - 276
TT KHKa - 108
Ti3ejia.ua, î p. C. - 280
Tin rajio- 136-137
TiHupo, Ti- - 42^4-6, 51,55, 63—67
7ÍHCTpo(|), Ti- - 45
Tíhu- 164-165, 169, 171
TiojiropyKOB, n. H. - 108
TioManiHes, C. — 50
Tiopa, K.- K. - 34
TipaKO, A. - 93
Tibo JIhh - 69, 203
T^bo Mape - 290
Tibo Tpiou - 274
Tiio6ae,0.-326-327, 330
7iío6oa- 3 OHTaHeji, K.-F. — 34
TTiOMypue - 223
EKaTepHHa 1 — 33
EKaxepHHa II - 13, 15-16, 18, 20, 25-26, 39,
41-46, 48, 51-59, 63-66, 68-71, 74,
77, 84-85, 90, 102, 106, 111, 115, 117,
119, 122, 126, 133, 135, 138-139, 142,
146, 148, 166, 171-172, 174, 176, 183,
189-191, 193, 195-204,211,213-218,
220, 222-223, 228, 231, 233-237,
239-241, 246-248, 251-252, 254, 256,
258-259, 263, 280, 295-296, 300, 302,
327-328, 330-333
EjiHiaBeTa FleTpoBHa - 13, 26, 51,64, 202
Emhh, P. A. - 61
Euen - 309, 312-313
Ehcjih — 140, 162, 165, 169, 171,230, 266,
284, 287, 291,297, 306, 314-315
Ep6ax - 250
Ep6ejio - 35
EporiKHH, Pi. Ti. - 116
ETaHbOH - B K. XaHHOHH
)KeBycKH, C. - 226, 240
KeHe, E. - 186, 192, 199, 204-208, 216,
223
)KoKyp, JI. - 24, 42^4-3
3a6ejio, K). - 241
3hhobhcb, C. - 204-205
3otob, K. - 32
3y6oB, n. A. - 70, 202, 313, 237, 247, 251
3yeß, B. cp. - 83
PlßaHOB, B. - 101
PPrencrpoM, 0./PF A. -234,236-241,247—248,
250-252,319
PPpaKJiHH II TeHMypa30BHH — 142, 144—153
351
ííoaH III - 141
HoaH IV- 141
Hochc|) II - 103, 106, 109-1II, 113-116,
135-136, 166-167, 227, 259, 297
KaüoraH - 115
KaH3epjiHHr, T. K. — 117
Kancjiep- 108
Kajioreponyjio - 92
KaMnaH - 206
KaivinpejioH - 3 1
KapaM3HH, H. M. - 55-56, 59-62
Kapjr XII - 28, 3 1, 37-38
KapTO - 310
KacHMH - 272-273
KaTacoB/KaxacaHOB - 85-86
KayHHu-PuTÔepr, B. - 176, 190, 223
KaxoBCKH, M. B. - 134, 234, 272, 291
KaHHOHH, JI. — 271
Karne, E. - 224, 228, 232, 236, 252
KnpjiaHrHHH, JI. 3. — 273
KjiepK, H.-E - 46
KjioKanoB, £ . A. - 84-85, 97
Kjiotc, K.-E. - 195
KHoôejicÆopcj) - 266, 274, 293-294, 311,314
KoôeHucii, JT. - 167, 193, 223, 228, 250,
255-257,261,263
Koôenueji, O. - 249
Ko3e;iCKH, JI. IT. - 56, 61
Kojioh - 203
KoJioHTan, X. - 221,251-252, 254
KoH/xe, JI. JK. -69, 178
KoHnopce, K.-A. - 225
KoHCTaHTHH [TlaBJioBHH] - 59, 228, 23 1
KoHTapHHH, A. - 23
Kohth - 178
KopBeTH, A. 3. - 273
KopcaKOB, H. TL - 77, 79-82, 86, 104-105,
109-110, 114
Kopc})/IlI,erejiMaH, A.-X. - 203, 209-211
Koy(¿ep - 304
KonyOeM, B. TI. - 15, 294, 306, 320-331
KoumioiiiKO, T. - 251-253, 264, 321
KpeHB BH, E.- 103-106, 163-164
KpenexHHKOB, M. H. - 237, 240-241, 293
KpHBOHoroB, T . TL - 78
KpnrcxeHM — 242
KpHyKaHHH, HD. - 23
KpH3eBCKH, JI. - 100
KpHHOH - 88
KpHJioB, TI. A. — 60
KpHHHIXKH, n. B. - 196
KpKxaeHep, K). - 194
Kyxy30B, M. H./ rojreHHiUHCB-Kvxy30B - 15,
271,275,292-323,331
Kyxy30Ba, E. M. - 296, 301
JIa3apn, Op. - 90
JlaKOMÖ, K. - 29, 35
JlajiexiaH - 82
JlaMÔepxH, T. - 35
Jlanoa, K. - 23
JIacH - 111
JIacKa3ac - 313
JIacjmx- 160, 163
JIamKapeB, C. - 154-155
Jleonojxa/Jleonojxa II- 191-192, 212, 214,
217, 224-225
JbnaiceBHH - 309, 3 13
JIok - 59
JIomohocob, M. B. - 47, 50
JIonyxHH, TI. B. - 50
JlyBHJi, K. - 30
Jly/xojif}) - 265, 298
JTyn XIV - 29-30, 70, 207
Jlyw XV - 30, 200
JlynXVI- 133, 184, 202-204, 208, 211-
213,216, 232,283,298
JTyn XVII - 284-285
Jlyn XVIII-261
JlyKOBHH, A. - 90
JlycK - 208
JlboöpeH - 251
JlbOBeK, 11.-HI. - 46
JlfOÖOMHpCKH - 86
MaojiH - 64
MaBpoeHH— 155-156
MaBpoKopziaxo, A. H. - 156-157, 301
MaBpoKOpjxaxo, A. K. (JlenH-oen) - 156, 300
Ma^ajiHHCKH - 252
MaKK)3ii - 90, 93-94; 108
MajiaxoBCKH, C.-H. - 227, 240
MajiHHOBCKH, B. O. - 60, 63
MajiHOHH, ^C. E. - 273
MapH5i ObO xopoBHa- 58, 70, 79, 177. 182
MapHiï-AHxoaHexa - 202-204, 216-217
MapKOß/MopKOB, A. II. - 219. 226, 237,
247, 250, 259, 317
MapKOß/MopKOB, TI. TL - 219, 251
MapxeH, T. - 162
MacJieHHHKOB, TT - 126
Macon, K. - 65, 70
MauiKOB - 199
352
McjiXHop, T. - 105, 114-115
MeHBHHe, K.-C. - 34
MeH^eji, JT. — 301
Mchh, FC.- 199-203
Mhkoui - 319-320
Mnjiep - 99
Mhhhx, E. K. — 64
Mhhoc - 41
Mnpa6o - 182, 194, 199
MnpaH^a, epp. - 94, 100, 103, 105—115,
196-197
Much, R - 35
MnxaHJionyjio, C. - 307
MnxajiKOBa (E. flauiKOBa) — 67
Mobhhoh, E. — 35
MoHMopeH, A.-M. - 175, 199,204-206,208-210
MoHTeH - 33, 59
MoHTecKto — 16, 31, 52-53, 56-57
MopüBHHOB, A. - 200
Mop/jBHHOB, H. C. - 102, 105, 111, 296,
304, 308, 316
Mope ho - 92
MoTpe, O. - 32-33
Moxaivien, xaH - 326
MoMeHHro, fl. - 89, 91-93
MypaBbOB, H. M. - 63
Mypaima h’Ocoh - 283-284, 287, 290,
294, 298, 304, 308, 311-312, 318,
320-321, 324
MypoMueB, A. EL - 85
Mypy3H, A. - 280, 299-300, 3 17, 320
MypysH (uparoMaHHH Ha nopTaTa) — 306,
319-320
MycHH-llyiiiKHH - 211
MbojieHixopiJ) - 238, 240-241
Hanaxapa - 112
HanoJieoH EoHanapT - 69, 310
Hacay-3nreH, K. X. - 109, 136, 159-160,
175, 202-203, 207,333
HeBHJi, cp. - 26-27
Hexep, r-Äa- 186
HeKep, K. - 67, 3 75, 177-179, 181-182
HeKpacoB, H. - 101
Hecejipoae, B. K. - 89
HexjiKxaoB - 113
HHKH |)opaKH, E. - 273
Hhkojio, Xp. - 274
Hobhkob, H. H. - 60
Hobhkob (pycKii map Ke a’acj)ep b riapnac) - 215
HoBocHJiueB, H. H. - 328
Hoeji, E.-M. - 192, 284, 309
Hyxia — 41
HyMaH 6eñ - 309
HyHec, K.-X.-0. - 204
O’PeHJiH, A. - 108
O’PewjiH, KannraH — 108
OöpecKOB, A. — 158
OöpH - 42
Ojxap, )K. - 64
OjiHBue - 326
OMap ara — 268
OpjiOB, B. T. - 49-51
OcrepMaH, H. A. - 89, 184, 186, 191-193,
195, 202-203, 205-206, 210-211, 215,
225-227, 231-232, 234, 237, 249-250,
255-257, 259-261, 273, 282, 290, 292
riaBeJi rieTpORHH/naBeji I - 58, 201, 263—
264, 322, 327-328, 330, 333
riaBJioB, B. — 101
TTajiaxioKJiHc, A. - 136
IlaHHH, H. H. - 25, 45, 68, 70, 117
naHHH, n. H. - 25
riapivia, - 82
ñaua — 105
riaHHOJTH, A. - 90, 92, 96—97
riepn, fl K. - 30
rieTpOB, n. — 94
ncTBp I - 13, 24, 26-39, 42-46, 48, 53, 64,
78, 113, 116, 142, 328
Tlerbp III - 13, 65-66, 68, 333
riH3aHH — 122, 124, 140, 305
nun VI-280
rinjimeHH — 159
nuT, y.-214
noacoH, R — 33
noa Ko/TIozpKHo, A. - 108
Ho£ Ko/no;pKHO, H. - 108
riojieHOB, fl. — 50
riOH/ÍHKH, C. — 279
riOHHHCKH — 232
ITohhtobckh, IO. - 231, 239
IIonoBCKH, H. — 50
rTopouiHH, C. — 50
noTOUKH, M. - 220-221, 228, 230
noTOUKH, n. - 170, 226, 230, 290-292
noTOUKH, O. - 226, 232, 291
FloTbOMKHH-TaBpHHecKH, F. A. - 69—70,
73-88, 91, 94—95, 97-102, 105, 107,
109, 117, 122, 126, 130-134, 139-140,
148, 151, 153, 156, 172, 186-187,
191-193, 195, 234, 295
353
ripcji, jilo Eer - 49
ÍIpHCTMaH - 108
nyjiacKH, A. - 241
Pa6ne - 33
PaBHH, FE - 278, 300, 302
PazuimneB, A. H. - 56, 61, 63
Par3ymobckh, A. K. - 211, 239, 246, 249,
255, 261-262,271,281,321
Pa3yMOBCKH, K. T. - 49
PacHH - 33
PaHHHCKH - 240
Paimm ec^en/ui - 280-282, 287, 289, 292
PeiiH, T. - 94
PeñHaji, r.-T. - 46
PeHHap - 33
Peo, T. - 33
PenHHH, H. B. - 70, 116-117, 144, 240, 253,
256, 295, 300, 302-303
PeriHHHCKH - 114
Peyc - 260-262
Po3apOBHH — 108, 114-115
Pom.TK. - 103-106, 110-111, 114, 196
POCHHBOH - 55
Py- 114-115
PyMHHueB, A. PE - 295
PyMHHiieB, PE EE - 192, 202-203
PyMHHueB-3aziyHaMcKH, n. A. - 70, 75
Pyco, K.-)K. — 47-64, 219
PionHep, K.-K. - 64-69
PKxfeeH, EE -325, 327
CajrouKH - 108
CajiTHKOB, PE PE - 59, 70
Cajiyuo — 242
CaMOHJioB, A. - 295
CaMOHJIOBHH, Jl. - 100-101
CaneT íOcycJ) AoiaK e^eH^H - 307-308
Cannexa, K.-PE - 227, 239
CanyHuorjiy Xp. - 273
CeBepuH, PE - 155-157, 278-281l,292-293,
305, 307,318
Cenop, Jl.-O. — 103, 107, 132-134, 153, 163,
182-186, 206,214,216
CejTHM III - 122, 170, 276, 279
CejiyHCKH, PP - 157
CeMOHBHJi, LLI.-JI. K). aho M. - 232, 281-282,
289-290,298, 309
CeH A iaH - 33
CeHMop, E. - 70, 177, 182
CeH PlHep, E. - 194
CeH npw, O.-E. E - 127, 140, 160-161
CeH Chmoh, JT. - 30
CuBepc, E, -234-237, 239-248, 250,
316-319
Cíimojihh, PE - 82, 175, 177, 181-186, 188.
191, 193, 195-196, 198-199, 204-206,
209-217
CHHejiHHKOB, PE M. - 95-96
Chthhkob, PE M. - 73
Cmht- 197
Cokojtob, A. H. - 76-77, 80, 97
Cokojiobckh, M. H. - 201
Cojimc - 45
Cojiomoh — 143, 145-149
Cojioh - 41
Copeji, Lti. - 33
CopeH — 43
CxaHHCjiaB-ABrycT PIohhtobckh - 13, 158,
166, 220-222, 224, 226-228, 230-232,
239, 241-243, 246, 252-254, 263-264
CTaxHeB, A. - 117, 124, 127, 144-145, 154
CrporaHOB, FE A. — 103, 195-196, 328
CyBopoB-Pnmhhkckh, A. B. - 70, 109, 252-
256, 275, 279, 293, 295-296, 308, 330
CyjiKOBCKH - 320
CyMapoKOB, A. n. - 51
Cyxo KeBCKH - 292
CyxoTHH, - 80, 82, 86-87
Cyuy-flpaKo, M. - 155, 278, 280-281, 293,
299,318, 321
CiojieHMaH nauia- 146, 148, 150-151, 276
TajreHpaH-ElepHrop, LU.-M. - 189, 199, 333
TaHHOHH - 90, 92
TaparaH, X. - 93
TaTHiuneB, B. H. - 46
TayeHUHH, Ep. E. E. - 256-257, 260,
262-263
TeKejiH - 107, 115
TecTa - 153, 166
Ton — 81, 236, 242
ToMa, A.-JE — 34
ToMapa, B. C. - 149. 271-273, 330
Top6aHCH/i3e, r. - 150
TyryT, Op. — 249-250, 255-256, 259-261
TypreHeB, H. PE - 63
TyToiiMHH - 98, 100
YuTyBpT, H. — 191, 197, 255, 259
YrnaKOB, O. O. - 87, 98-99, 330
YmypMa/MaHcyp/IIlHKaHJTH - 151
354
Oa6p- 108
OajieeB, M. JL - 83-84, 92-93
OaiiKOH - 44
OayKHï»p, Y. - 196
Î ep3eH - 209, 211
OepHep-CoBÖbot}) - 103
OepwepH - 136
OeTxajiH - 146
OHHKeHmaHH — 174
Onu,xep6epT - 107
OjiopaHBHJi — 284
OjiopHZiaóJiaHKa, X. M. - 204—205
OOHBH3HH, JX. LL - 25, 40, 57—58
3 OHTeHea, B. — 32
cDohtoh, PUA. - 275, 282, 284, 311
Oohtoh, K. — 275
OpaHu II - 225-226, 238, 249, 255, 259
OpeAepHKa-^opoTea - 58
Opii^piix II - 35, 65, 174
OpHApHX-AsrycT — 221
OpnnpHx-BHJixejiM II - 174, 185, 214,
225-226, 229, 250, 260-262
ObOÆOp [MoaHOBHH] - 141
XajieuKH, K. — 86
XaHjpKepjiH - 275
Xaybp¿X, Æ k. - 102
Xboctob, A. C. - 15, 226, 232, 265-271,
272-294, 300, 302, 305-307, 310-311,
314-315, 317, 331
XefiJic - 230
XepôepT - 121-122, 157, 165-167, 171,226,
274, 280
Xepuöepr, E. Op. - 174, 185, 222
X^caHOBCKH - 158-160, 290, 292
Xothhckh, H. K. - 195
Xocj)MaH, B.-JL - 100
XpanoBHUKH, A. B. - 156, 171,201-203,
219, 237, 240, 244, 255
Xyzü — 310
U,HUHaHOB — 113
HapTopuñciot, A. - 328
^epHHinoB, 3. E - 86
HepHHinoB, LL E - 74, 86
HlaOep - 292
UlarnH-repaH — 145, 155
UlajirpeH — 284, 288, 311
UlaiviôoHa, C.-B. - 208
UlaTOHbotJ) - 208
lllaxoBCKan - 195
IllHHAJiep, M. — 101
LU MHT, r - 273
IIIoa3bOJi-rycJ)He, M.-E-Oji.-O. - 87, 152-153,
157, 160-164, 166, 169-172, 176,
186-188, 192, 198, 266, 275, 280-283,
288, 290, 304
IIInHJiMaH - 249
LIIyÔHH, C. B. - 75-76
IllyBajioB, LL H. - 34, 40, 49, 186
UlyjieHÔypr - 229
UlyTeH, JK.-ÏL — 108, 114-115
UlqepôaTOB, M. M. - 46, 54, 60
LUaKeaôepr, O. M. - 109, 117, 237
LUerejiMaH - 209, 211
K)pTK)6H3 — 204
^iKOBjieB- 122, 140
355
POCCKH B BEK nPOCBElIJEHHfl H
PEBOJlïOUHOHHblX COEblXHÍÍ XVIII BEKA
H¡vinepcKHe HHTepecbi h ïiojihthkü
Pe3fOMe
OcHOBHbie Bonpochb HCCJie^osaHHbie b MOHorpac|)HH, cBMijexejibcxByiox o
Mecxe Pocchhckoh HMnepHH b Eßpone b nepnojj npocBemeHHH h PeBOJiiouHH, o
npecJieAyeMbix eio uejiax h hx ziocth^kchhu. Hacxb oxhx BonpocoB paßpaöoTaHa b
pa3Hoo6pa3Hbix HayHHbix HHxepnpexaunax. Moa tohkb 3peHHa npeacxaBJiaex hx b
HeCKOJlbKO HHOM CBeTe H, B03M0 KH0, B HeoaCHJXaHHOH B3aHMOCBa3H. MOH HHXepeC
6biji HanpaBJieH k xeM bo3MO khocthm, KOTopbie npejxnaraex napajuiejisHoe npejic-
TaBJieHHe pa3JiHHHbix, ho no cymecxBy BecbMa csaxaHHbix Meacjiy co6oh BonpocoB
b HCTOpHH Pocchhckoh HMnepHH b 80-e - 90-e roabi XVIII Bexa.
ripe^cAe Bcero, npeAcxaBJieH oribiT nexepôypra h KOHKpeTHO pocchhckoh hm-
nepaTpHiibi EKaTepHHbi II cnejiaxb PoccHHCKyio HMnepnio nacxbio npocBemeHHOH
Eßponbi, h HejTb35i oTpenbToro ycnexa, KOToporo OHaaocxHnianyxeMnojiaepacHBaHHa
KOHTaKTOB C (|)paHUy3CKHMH npOCBCXHXeJTHMH. Ha Bonpoc, HaCKOJTbKO HCKpeHHeH
6biJia ÆByxcxopoHHflfl npHBepaceHHOCTt», OTBeT jxawT coôbiTHH, nocJie^oBaBWHe noc-
Jie BcnbixHyBUieH bo Opanunn peBOJiiouHH. Ho 80-e roÆbi XVIII Bexa ôbuiH co3Haa-
xejibHbiMH h b ycxaHOBJieHHH KOHxaKxoB, h b nojiHXHKe Pocchhckoh HMnepHH. 3xo
ocoôeHHO oxpa3HJiocb Ha ee ycnexax b ocbochhh HOBbix nepHOMOpcKHX xeppnxo-
pHH h npn ycxaHOBJieHHH oxHomeHHii c OcMaHCKOH HMnepneH nocjie noHeceHHbix
eio xeppnxopHajibHbix noxepb h H3MeHeHna peacHMa npoJiHBOB.
B MOHorpacfmn nonpoÔHO HCCJie^oBaHa ÆeaxejibHoexb pocchhckhx nocJiaH-
HHKOB b KoHCTaHTHHoriojie - %KOBa EyjiraKOBa b 80-e roabi, AiiexcaHupa Xboc-
xoBa, Mnxanjia Kyxy30Ba h Bnxxopa Konyöea b 90-e rojibi XVIII Bexa, c ynexoM,
KOHeHHo, xex HHCxpyKOHH, Koxopbie hm nocbuiajiHCb H3 nexepGypra. B pe3yjibxaxe
HCHO nocxaBJieHHbix nenen h onpe^eneHna cpencxB ¿ma hx hocxnaceHHa, Pocchhc-
Kaa HMnepna noiiynaex bbixoa Ha HepHoe Mope h ôjiaronpnaxHbie ycnoBHa ¿ma
cyaoxo.ncxBa h xoproBJin.
MoHorpacfma npeaJiaraex HCKJiiOHHxejibHo jnoôonbixHbiH h Hepa3pa6oxaHHhiH
cioacex, KOxopbiH ^aex B03MoacHocxb npeiicxaBHXb b uejiocxHocxH noJiHXHKy Exaxe-
pHHbi II Ha k))khom HanpaBjieHHH. CxpoHxejibcxBOM XepcoHa KaK ropona-KpenocxH
h Bep4)H, Poccna KaxeropHHecKH 3aaBJiaex o CBoeM HaMepeHHH cxaxb HepHOMopcKoïi
^epacaBOH h H3BjieKaxb see B03MoacHbie nojib3bi h Bbiroübi h3 axoro. Cjieziyex ox-
MexHXb h npyroe £OKa3axejibcxBo HaMepeHHa Pocchh xBepno oxcxanBaxb cboh
HHTepecbi Ha fore. Ee3pe3yjibxaTHMM 0Ka3biBaeTca conpoxHBJieHHe OcMaHCKofi
HMnepHH npoxHB ee npoaßnaceHHa Ha KaBKa3e, h b 1783 r. KapxjiHKaxexHHCKoe
rpy3HHCKoe napcxBO no^nncbiBaex c üexepôyproM ÆoroBop o noKpoBHxejibcXBe. B
356
3TOM CMbicne, ecjiM 80-e roAbi öbiah ocHOBonojiaraiomHMH b npoABHAœHHH Pocchh
na tor, to 90-e mo kho onpeAenüTb KaK yTBep^Aatomne ero. A pocchhckhm ah-
njiOMaTaM b KoHCTaHTHHonoAe b hoboh noAHXHHecKon u HAeoAornnecKOH o6cTa-
HOBKe, ocoöeHHo nocjie noAnncaHHH AoroBopa b 5Iccax (1791), npeACTOAAo yrBep-
AHTb no3HUHH neTepöypra h npeAOTBpaxHTb ycHJieHHe cj)paHuy3CKoro bahahha b
TypeuKOH cxojiHue.
HecnoKOHHoe BpeMA b Eßpone, öeccnopHO, npeAnoJiarajio B03M0 KH0CTb (jwaAb-
Hbix coôbiTHH h KpaHHHx pemeHHH, KOTopbie nacTO npeBbimaAH nepBonaHajibHbie
ue;in h HenpepbiBHO mchaah xapaKxep hx B3aHM03aßhchmocth. EIoAOÖHbie CHxya-
UHH He MOTJTH He OTpa KaTbCH KaK Ha OTHOUieHHAX MOKAy COK)3HHKa.MH, TaK H Ha
OTHOHieHHAX C npOTHBHHKaMH. B MOHOrpa(J HH npHBeAeHbl KOHKpeTHbie (J)aKTbI
oTHomeHHH neTepöypra c Soabluhhctbom eBponeiicKHX CTpaH, KOTopbie ahkto-
BajiHCb KaK HHTepecaMH Pocchh, TaK h MemnomeñcA MOKAyHapoAHOH oöcTaHOBKoii
b CBH3H c coßbiTHHMH bo (DpaHUHH h ilojibiiie b 90-e roAbi XVIII Bexa. Me^KAy-
HapoAHan CHxyau,HÄ CTaiia ba khoh npeAnocbuiKOH h aah pa3BHTH5i ^HnnoMa-
THHeCKHX OTHOUieHHH B KOHCTaHTHHOnOJie. ripHMepOB 3TOMy AOCTaTOHHO MHOrO B
ACHTeAbHocTH Ka KAoro H3 poccHHCKHx nocJiaHHHKOB b TypeuKOH CTOAHue. Ejiaro-
npHHTHbie aaa CBoeri cTpaHbi pemeHHH ohh ycneßaiOT ao6htbch, OAHaxo, ÖAaroAapn
CBoew cnocoÖHOCTH aAeKBaTHO h öbiCTpo pearnpoßarb Ha CHTyaunio.
B HanaAe 90-x toaob XVIII Bexa cppaHuy3CKaH pecnyÖJiHKa npHAaraeT mhofo
ycHAHH K CBoeMy yTBep KAeHHK) nyTeM ycTaHOBAeHHH AwnnoMaTHHecKHX otho-
meHHH c OcMaHCKOH HMnepneH. Ee npeACTaBHxejiH b KoHCTaHTHHonoAe HbiTaiOTCH
B03AeHCTB0BaTb Ha nOAHTHKy nopTbl, yMeHbüJPíTb BJIMAHHe eBpOneHCKHX CHA,
no B03M0 KH0CTH, BHeCTH paCKOA B HX OTHOHieHHH H He AOnyCTHTb COBMeCTHblX
AeíícTBHH eßponencKHX cxpaH npoTHB OpaHunn. B to Ke BpeMH Typunn, KaK
caMOCTOHTeAbHaa noAHTHHecKan CHAa, npecAeAyex cboh HHxepecbi h He ynycKaeT
B03M0 KH0CTH B0Cri0Ab30BaTbCH ÖAarOnpHHTHbIMH MOMeHTBMH, BOnpeKH 0(J)HII,HaAb-
HO 3aABAeHHOH n03HHHH HeHTpaAHTexa. B 3TOH CAOACHOH OÖCTaHOBKe pOCCHHCKHe
npeACTaBHTeAH b KoHCTaHTHHonoAe yMeAO 3amnmaK)T HHxepecbi Pocchh b OpneHTe
h CpeAH3eMHOMopbe, neM 0Ka3biBarc T 3 J)(J)eKTHBHyK) noMomb b ocymecTBAeriHH
pOCCHHCKOH nOAHTHKH B Eßpone.
rioAHTHKa Pocchh b othoihchhh OpaHUHH b toabi peBOAiouHH, npocAOKeHHan
nepe3 AenTeAbHocrb poccHHCKHx nocAaHHMKOB b TlapHAce h KoHCTaHTHHonoAe,
MOAceT öbiTb oueHeHa KaK aKTHBHan, Aance ßecKOMripoMHccnaH, ho BcerAa coraaco-
BaHHaa c ochobhumh HHTepecaMH IleTepóypra, KOTopbiñ cBoe BHHMaHne cocpe-
AOTaHHBaeT Ha coöwthax b EIoAbuie. 3to TpeöyeT, npe KAe Bcero, h3bccthoh octo-
pOACHOCTH, OTCpOHKH npHHHTHH pemeHHH, AOnOAHHTeAbHOH OUeHKH COÖblTHH, a He
peiUHTeAbHblX AeHCTBHH. POCCHHCKHe AHnAOMaTbl HeH3MeHHO CAeAyiOT yKa3aHHAM
cBoero npaBHTeAbCTBa b oükhabhhh noAXOA^mero aaa aKTHBHbix hctbmh MOMema.
CoöbiTHK b Penpi riocnoAHTOH b 90-e roAbi noAXBepACAaiOT nocAeAOBaTeAbHOCTb
no3HHHH rieTepGypra npn pemeHHH Ba KHbix jxsih HMnepHH Bonpocoß. PeBOAiOHH-
oHHbiH xaoc b PecnyÖAHKe no3BOAH€T poccHHCKOH HMnepaTpHqe, ÓAaroAapa h ne
Menee aKTHBHbiM achcxbham EepAHHa h BeHbi, pacuinpHTb rpaHHUbi HMnepHH h
npeAOxpaHHTb ee ox „(J)paHuy3CKOH 3apa3bi“, oxBaTHBUien Eßpony.
357
B ocHOBe nojiHTHKH, KOTopyK) nerepôypr npoBOüHT b 80-e h 90-e rcubi XVIII
BeKa, KaK Bbipa KeHHe oco3HaHHbix EKaTepHHOH II HHTepecoB HMnepuH, jiokht
hcho nocTaBJieHHa^ ueiib, cooTBeTCTByiomaa noTpeÔHOCTHM HMnepun, aMOHUHH ee
ocymecTBJieHHH, npaBHjibHbiH noaôop JiHHHOCTeii, Koropbie MoryT ee ocymecTBHTb.
CxiepTb HMnepaTpnubi (6/17 HOflôpa 1796 r.) hc 03HanaeT KOHeu, ,,3ojioToro
BeKa EKaTepHHbi“. HMnepna npoHHO BnncaHa b nojiHTHHecKyK) CHCTeivty Eßponbi
h aa Ke BJiHHeT Ha cooTHomeHue chji b Heft. B ee rpanHUbi bxohat CTpaTenmecKii
Ba KHbíe TeppHTOpîiH. B ocHose npouecca, KOTopbift Hameji KOHKpexHoe Bbipa KeHMe
B £OCTH KeHH5ïX pyCCKOH apMHH B BOHHaX C OCMBHCKOH HMnepueft H PeHbK) noc-
nojiHTOH, Jie^cHT yMejian ^unaoMaTHH. ¿(ocxH)KeHH5i HMnepHii BneHaxjunomHe, h
HecKOJibKO jiex hx OTpHU,aHH5i bo BpeMH ynpaB-nemia IlaBJia I He OKa3biBaiox 4)axajib-
Horo bjihhhha Ha pa3BHTHe HanaBinpixca h b ôojibmoft CTeneHH yxBepzuiBiiiHxcfl b ee
BHeuiHeñ nojiHTHKe npoueccoB h npHHUHnoB.
358
RUSSIA IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
AND REVOLUTION EVENTS
IN THE 18th CENTURY
Imperial Interests and Politics
Summary
The main problems researched in the monograph point out the place of the
Russian Empire in Europe starting from the time of the Enlightenment and the
Revolution, its goals and their achieving. Part of those problems is subject of a
variety of scientific interpretations. My point of view represents them in another
light and possibly in an unexpected relation to each other. My interest was directed
to the possibilities, which the parallel presentation of the different, but actually
closely related questions in the Russian Empire’s history during the 80s and 90s of
the 18th century, offers.
However, more than anything, Petersburg’s attempt, and in particularthat of
the Russian empress Ekaterina II, to be part of enlightened Europe was presented,
and the success that she achieved through her contact with the French enlighteners
could not be denied. The answer of the question about the sincerity of the two-
sided attachment was found in the facts that followed the outbreak of the French
Revolution. But the 80s of the 18th century were constructive in terms of the contacts
and the politics of the Russian Empire. This is especially true for the reclamation
of the new Black Sea territories and for the establishing of the relations with the
Ottoman Empire after its territorial losses and the changed regime of the Straits.
The activities of the Russian ambassadors in Constantinople - Yakov Bulgakov
during the 80s, Alexander Khvostov, Mikhail Kutuzov and Viktor Kochubey during
the 90s of the 18th century, were thoroughly researched, considering, of course, the
instructions sent from Petersburg. As a result of the clearly stated goals and the
means for their achieving, the Russian Empire got a constant outlet on the Black
Sea and favorable conditions for shipping and trading.
The monograph offers a very interesting and unique storyline, which turns out to
be representative of the whole Russian politics in the South. With the establishment
of Kherson as a fortress town and shipyard, Russia announced its absolute intention
to remain a Black Sea land and to take advantage of all the benefits that come
with that. Here it is worth mentioning the other proof of the determined interest
seeking, which the Empire carries out in regards to the South. The resistance of
the Ottoman Empire against Russia’s advancement in Caucasus was futile and in
1 783 the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti signed a protection agreement with
Petersburg. In that sense, the 80s are fundamental for Russia, while the 90s can be
qualified as endorsing. Despite the new political and ideological environment, after
359
the Treaty of Jassy in 1791 for the Russian diplomats in Constantinople it was of
great importance to secure Petersburg’s positions and to prevent a growth of the
French influence in the Turkish capital.
The troubled times in Europe without a doubt called for fateful events and
sharp decisions, which very often went beyond the initial goals and constantly
changed the nature of their correlations. Such situations could be seen in both the
relationships between the allies as well as in the ones between the enemies. Concrete
examples could be found in Petersburg’s relations with most European countries,
dictated by interests, but also by the changing international environment during
the events in France and Poland in the 90s of the 18th century. The international
situation was an important prerequisite for the development of the diplomatic
relations in Constantinople. There were many examples to be found in the activities
of each of the Russian ambassadors in the Turkish capital. The good decisions that
they reached, however, were the result of their ability to react adequately and fast
to the challenges.
In the beginning of the 90s of the 18th century the French Republic made
an effort to establish itself by developing diplomatic relations with the Ottoman
Empire. Its representatives in Constantinople tried to influence the Porte’s politics,
to lessen the influence of the European countries and if possible to shatter their
alliances in order not to allow any advances against France. At the same time,
Turkey, as an independent political power, followed its interests and didn’t let the
advantageous moments pass by, despite the officially announced neutral position.
In this difficult situation the Russian representatives in Constantinople skillfully
protected Russia’s interests in the Orient and the Mediterranean, with which they
provided effective support to the implementation of the Russian politics in Europe.
The Russian politics with regard to France during the years of the Revolution,
seen through the activities of the Russian ambassadors in Paris and Constantinople,
can be evaluated as mostly active, even as hard-edged, but at the same time as
ones recognizing Petersburg’s main interests, which kept its focus on the events in
Poland. This called also for relative caution, postponement over time, more looking
beyond the surface, rather than for explicit actions. Each of the Russian diplomats
however always followed the instructions of its government while waiting for the
right moment to act.
The events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 1790s
confirmed again Petersburg’s continuous position with regard to solving issues that
were important for the Empire. The revolutionary chaos in the Republic allowed the
Russian empress, thanks also to the very active reactions from Berlin and Vienna,
to expand the Empire’s borders and to protect it from the „French disease that was
spreading through Europe.
At the root of Petersburg’s politics during the 80s—90s of the 1 8th century, as
an expression of the Empire’s interests realized by Ekaterina II, stood a very clear
goal, which was in close relation to the Empire’s needs, the ambition that this goal
was met and the finding of the exact people to achieve it.
360
The passing away of the empress (6/17th November 1796) didn’t put an end to
Ekaterina’s Century. The Empire was already permanently entangled with Europe’s
political system and was even influencing the proportions of the powers with in
it. There were strategically important territories inside its borders. The skillful
diplomacy was at the root of this process, which found a concrete expression in
the achievements of the Russian army during the wars with the Ottoman Empire
and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The achievements of the Empire were
impressive and the few years of negations during Pavel I’s rule were not fatal for the
development of the started and mostly already established processes and principles
of its foreign policy.
o-’nek
361
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Stoilova, Tamara Petrova 1953- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123798078 |
| author_facet | Stoilova, Tamara Petrova 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Stoilova, Tamara Petrova 1953- |
| author_variant | t p s tp tps |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045105836 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1050922329 (DE-599)BVBBV045105836 |
| edition | Părvo izdanie |
| era | Geschichte 1700-1800 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1700-1800 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV045105836 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:08:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789543229222 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030496293 |
| oclc_num | 1050922329 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 361 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Izdatelstvo na BAN "Prof. Marin Drinov" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Stoilova, Tamara Petrova 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)123798078 aut 880-04 Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika Bălgarska akademija na naukite, Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija ; Tamara Stoilova 880-03 Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century 880-02 Părvo izdanie 880-05 Sofija Izdatelstvo na BAN "Prof. Marin Drinov" 2018 361 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliografie Seite 334-349. - Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache: Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka. Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century. - Namensregister Text bulgarisch Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte 1700-1800 gnd rswk-swf Aufklärung (DE-588)4003524-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Aufklärung (DE-588)4003524-4 s Geschichte 1700-1800 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000008&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000009&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030496293&sequence=000010&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 100-01/(N Стоилова, Тамара Петрова ut 250-02/(N Първо издание 246-03/(N Россия в век просвещения и революционных событий XVIII века 245-04/(N Русия във века на просвещението и революционните събития през XВИИИ век имперски интереси и политика Българска академия на науките, Институт за исторически изследвания ; Тамара Стоилова 264-05/(N София Издателство на БАН "Проф. Марин Дринов" 2018 |
| spellingShingle | Stoilova, Tamara Petrova 1953- Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika Aufklärung (DE-588)4003524-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003524-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika |
| title_alt | Rossija v vek prosveščenija i revoljucionnych sobytij XVIII veka Russia in the age of enlightenment and revolution events in the 18. century |
| title_auth | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika |
| title_exact_search | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika |
| title_full | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika Bălgarska akademija na naukite, Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija ; Tamara Stoilova |
| title_fullStr | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika Bălgarska akademija na naukite, Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija ; Tamara Stoilova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek imperski interesi i politika Bălgarska akademija na naukite, Institut za istoričeski izsledvanija ; Tamara Stoilova |
| title_short | Rusija văv veka na prosveštenieto i revoljucionnite săbitija prez XVIII vek |
| title_sort | rusija vav veka na prosvestenieto i revoljucionnite sabitija prez xviii vek imperski interesi i politika |
| title_sub | imperski interesi i politika |
| topic | Aufklärung (DE-588)4003524-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aufklärung Russland |
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