Verfügbarkeit: Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect)

Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect): a learner’s grammar

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Reintges, Christoph Hanns 1964- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Köln Rüdiger Köppe Verlag [2018]
Ausgabe:	2nd, revised edition
Schriftenreihe:	Study books of African languages volume 15
Schlagworte:	Grammatik Sahidisch Fachhochschul-/Hochschulausbildung Orientalisten / Ägyptologen, Linguisten Koptisch Lehrmaterialien Nordafrika Orientalistik Ägypten Ägyptologie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	xxiii, 622 Seiten 24 cm x 17 cm, 1090 g
ISBN:	9783896455864 3896455869

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENTS A CKNOW LEDGEM ENTS................................................................................. XXI IN TRO D U CTIO N .................................................................................................1 0.1 THE COPTIC LANGUAGE .................................................................. 2 0.1.1 CLASSIFICATION .................................................................... 2 0.1.2 LANGUAGE HISTORY ......... 0.1.3 COPTIC LITERATURE .......... 0.2 ABOUT THIS GRAMMAR ............. 0.2.1 AIMS AND SCOPE ........... 0.2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 0.2.3 DATA SOURCES ................ 0.2.4 RESEARCH METHODS ....... 0.2.5 PREVIEW ....................... UNIT 1 SOUNDS AND SPELLING.............................................................13 1.1 THE COPTIC WRITING SYSTEM .......................................................... 14 1.1.1 THE COPTO-GREEK ALPHABET................................................... 14 1.1.2 DIACRITICS AND INTERPUNCTION............................................ 1 7 1.1.3 NOMINA SACRA ............................................................. 18 1.2 SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY ............................................................... 18 1.2.1 CONSONANTAL PHONEMES ................................................ 18 1.2.1.1 FEATURES OF CONSONANTS .................................... 19 VO OO OO ^ ON ON W 1.2.1.2 SAHIDIC CONSONANTAL PHONEMES ........................ 20 1.2.2 VOCALIC PHONEMES......................................................... 23 1.2.2.1 VOWEL QUALITY AND QUANTITY IN GREEK AND SAHIDIC COPTIC .................................................... 24 1.2.2.2 SAHIDIC VOCALIC PHONEMES................................... 25 1.2.2.3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF SAHIDIC VOWEL PHONEMES .... 27 1.3 SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY ...................................................... 28 1.3.1 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABIFICATION.............................. 28 1.3.1.1 SYLLABLE TYPES AND CONSONANT CLUSTERS ................ 28 1.3.1.2 THE GLIDE-VOWEL ALTERNATION................................ 30 1.3.1.3 THE SUPERLINEAR STROKE......................................... 31 1.3.1.4 VOWEL GEMINATION............................................... 32 1.3.1.5 CONSONANT GEMINATION ........................................ 33 1.3.2 WORD STRESS ..................................................................... 33 1.3.2.1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE SAHIDIC STRESS SYSTEM .... 33 1.3.2.2 STRESS RU LE S .......................................................... 34 1.3.3 PHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS . ............................................... 34 1.3.3.1 LABIAL ASSIMILATION.............................................. 35 1.3.3.2 T-DELETION............................................................ 36 1.3.3.3 VOWEL ELISION ...................................................... 36 1.4 GREEK LOAN W O RD S ....................................................................... 36 1.4.1 A TYPOLOGY OF GREEK BORROWINGS .................................... 37 1.4.1.1 COPTO-GREEK NOUNS............................................. 37 1.4.1.2 COPTO-GREEK ADJECTIVES ...................................... 38 1.4.1.3 COPTO-GREEK VERBS.............................................. 39 1.4.1.4 COPTO-GREEK FUNCTION WORDS .............................. 39 1.4.2 THE SPELLING OF GREEK LOAN W ORDS................................... 40 KEY TERM S ........................... 44 EXERCISES ................. 45 UNIT 2 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS ................................. 51 2.1 NOUN MORPHOLOGY .................................................................... 52 2.1.1 GENDER.............................................................................. 52 2.1.2 NUMBER ............................................................................ 53 2.2 THE DETERMINER SYSTEM ............................................................. 54 2.2.1 ALLOMORPHIC VARIATION ..................................................... 55 2.2.1.1 FULL VS. REDUCED FORMS OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ..... 56 2.2.1.2 STRONG PRONUNCIATION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 58 2.2.1.3 FULL AND REDUCED FORMS OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE .. 59 2.2.2 SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE-MARKING ..... 59 2.2.2.1 DEFINITE NOUN PHRASES....................................... 60 22.2.2 INDEFINITE NOUN PHRASES....................................... 63 2.2.23 BARE NOUNS....................................................... 66 2.3 THE NUMERAL SYSTEM ................................................................. 67 2.3.1 CARDINAL NUMBERS............................................................ 67 2.3.2 ORDINAL NUMBERS ............................................................. 68 2.3.3 NUMERAL CONSTRUCTIONS.................................................... 69 2.4 THE PRONOMINAL SYSTEM ............................................................ 70 2.4.1 PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION........................................... 70 2.4.2 BOUND PRONOUNS.............................................................. 71 2.4.2.1 ALLOMORPHY......................................................... 71 2.4.2.2 SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION.......................................... 74 2.4.3 INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS..................................................... 75 2.4.3.1 THE MIXED PARADIGMS OF INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS AND CLITICS............................................ 75 2.4.3.2 SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION.......................................... 76 KEY TERM S .................................................................. 78 EXERCISES ........................................................................................ 80 UNIT 3 PHRASE STRUCTURE .......................................................................... 85 3.1 COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES............................................................. 86 3.1.1 HEAD-MARKING VS. DEPENDENT-MARKING IN C OPTIC ........... 86 3.1.2 NOMINAL COMPOUNDS...................................................... 87 3.1.2.1 ANALYTIC COMPOUNDS....................... 88 3.1.2.2 SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS.......................................... 88 3.1.3 ADJECTIVAL MODIFICATION .................................................. 90 3.1.3.1 THE NOMINAL CHARACTER OF COPTIC ADJECTIVES .... 90 3.1.3.2 TYPES OF ADJECTIVAL MODIFICATION ....................... 91 3.1.4 POSSESSIVE NOUN PHRASES ................................................. 92 3.1.4.1 THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LINKAGE MARKERS VI AND N T E .............................................................. 92 3.1.4.2 TYPES OF NOMINAL POSSESSION.............................. 94 3.1.5 NOUN COORDINATION .......................................................... 96 3.1.6 APPOSITIONS..................................................................... 98 3.2 SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS................................................ 99 3.2.1 BASIC PREPOSITIONS............................................................. 100 3.2.1.1 ALLOMORPHY....................................................... 101 3.2.1.2 SEMANTIC FUNCTIONS........................................... 102 3.2.2 COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS .................................................... 110 3.2.2.1 COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS WITH POSSESSIVE NOUN PHRASES..................................................... 110 3.2.2.2 COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS DERIVED FROM NOUN INCORPORATION ................................................... I L L 3.2.3 PARTICLE MODIFICATION.......................................................114 3.3 ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS..................................................................115 3.3.1 GENUINE ADVERBS .......................................................... 115 3.3.2 ADVERBIALLY USED NOUN PHRASES..................................... 118 3.3.3 MANNER ADVERBS ............................................................. 118 3.3.4 COGNATE OBJECTS ............................................................. 120 3.3.5 GREEK ADVERBS ............................................................... 121 KEY TERM S...................................................................................... 122 EXERCISES ....................................................................................... 124 U NIT 4 DEIXIS, INTERROGATION, QUANTIFICATION .................................. 129 4.1 D EIXIS...................................................................................... 130 4.1.1 DEMONSTRATIVES .................................................... 130 4.1.1.1 THE DEMONSTRATIVE ARTICLE RTEI-, M -.................... 131 4.1.1.2 THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN NXI ....................... 135 4.1.1.3 THE DISTAL DEMONSTRATIVE ETMHXY.................... 136 4.1.2 POSSESSIVES .................................................................... 139 4.1.2.1 THE POSSESSIVE ARTICLE N E Q - .............................. 139 4.1.2.2 THE POSSESSIVE PREFIX NX -.................................. 142 4.1.2.3 THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN TT D - ............................ 143 4.2 INTERROGATION .......................................... 144 4.2.1 CONSTITUENT/WA-QUESTIONS.............................................. 145 4.2.1.1 THE SYNTACTIC PLACEMENT OF QUESTION W ORDS ..... 145 4.2.1.2 THE MEANING AND REFERENCE OF COPTIC QUESTION WORDS .................................................. 146 4.2.2 YES-NO QUESTIONS..............................................................149 4.2.2.1 UNMARKED YES/NO QUESTIONS .............. 149 4.2.2.2 YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH INTERROGATIVE PARTICLES ... 150 4.2.3 RHETORICAL QUESTIONS ...................................................... 151 4.3 QUANTIFICATION.......................................................................... 151 4.3.1 UNIVERSAL QUANTIFIERS ..................................................... 152 4.3.2 CARDINAL QUANTIFIERS ....................................................... 154 4.3.3 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ....................................................... 155 4.3.4 (NON)IDENTITY PRONOUNS ................................................. 159 4.3.5 EMPHATIC REFLEXIVES ...................................................... 161 KEY TERM S..........................;........................................................... 162 EXERCISES ....................................................................................... 163 U NIT 5 N OM INAL SENTENCES..................................................................... 171 5.1 BIPARTITE NOMINAL SENTENCES ................................................... 172 5.1.1 THE MIXED PARADIGM OF BIPARTITE NOMINAL SENTENCES . 172 5.1.2 WORD ORDER .................................................................... 174 5.1.2.1 CLITIC CLUSTERING.....................................................174 5.1.2.2 POSSESSOR SPLITTING.................................................176 5.1.2.3 THE PRETERIT AUXILIARY N E ...................................... 176 5.1.2.4 TOPICALISATION IN NOMINAL SENTENCES ..................... 176 5.1.3 PREDICATE TYPES IN BIPARTITE NOMINAL SENTENCES ............ 178 5.1.3.1 CLASSIFICATIONAL SENTENCES................................. 180 5.1.3.2 ASCRIPTIVE SENTENCES ........................................ 181 5.1.3.3 SITUATIONAL SENTENCES ......................................... 181 5.1.3.4 PRESENTATIONAL SENTENCES ................................... 182 5.2 TRIPARTITE NOMINAL SENTENCES .................................................. 182 5.2.1 THE SYNTACTIC ROLE OF THE AGREEMENT CLITIC ......................183 5.2.1.1 MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AGREEMENT CLITICS AND COPULAR VERB S ................................... 183 5.2.1.2 AGREEMENT BEHAVIOUR ........................................ 184 5.2.1.3 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE AGREEMENT CLITIC AND PERSONAL PRONOUNS ...................................... 185 5.2.1.4 CLITIC CLUSTERING ................................................. 185 5.2.2 PREDICATE TYPES IN TRIPARTITE NOMINAL SENTENCES ............. 186 5.2.2.1 CLASSIFICATIONAL SENTENCES .............. 187 5.2.2.2 ASCRIPTIVE SENTENCES ............................... 188 5.2.2.3 CHARACTERISATIONAL SENTENCES ............................. 189 5.2.2.4 IDENTITY STATEMENTS ............................................ 189 5.2.2.5 ASSERTORIC SENTENCES ......................................... 190 5.2.2.6 SPECIFICATIONAL SENTENCES .................................. 191 5.2.2.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................... 192 KEY TERM S...................................................................................... 193 EXERCISES....................................................................................... 196 U NIT 6 V ERBAL M O RP H O LO G Y ................................................................ 201 6.1 ROOT-AND-PATTEM MORPHOLOGY ................................................ 202 6.1.1 THE CONSONANTAL RO O T ..................................................... 203 6.1.2 STEM PATTERNS ................................................................. 204 6.1.3 ROOT AND STEM EXTENSIONS .............................................. 206 6.1.4 MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSES OF SIMPLE AND DERIVED VERBS .... 210 6.2 THE EVENTIVE-STATIVE ALTERNATION ............................................. 211 6.2.1 SITUATION ASPECT ............................................................. 212 6.2.2 SITUATION ASPECT IN LEXICAL CLASSES O F VERBS .................. 213 6.2.3 THE PRESENT TENSE RESTRICTION OF STATIVES ..................... 216 6.3 DIRECT OBJECT SYNTAX ............................................................... 217 6.3.1 THE ABSOLUTE STATE/CONSTRUCT STATE ALTERNATION ............... 217 6.3.1.1 MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR....................... 218 6.3.1.2 WORD ORDER ........................................................ 219 6.3.1.3 DIRECT OBJECT SELECTION ...................................... 221 6.3.2 THE ASPECTUAL UNDERPINNING OF THE STEM-JEMSTEDT RULE 224 6.3.3 FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS OF THE PASSIVE ........................... 226 6.3.4 CLASSES OF INTRANSITIVE VERBS .......................................... 228 6.4 COMPLEX PREDICATES ................................................................ 231 6.4.1 LIGHT VERB CONSTRUCTIONS .............................................. 231 6.4.2 NOUN INCORPORATION ....................................................... 232 6.4.3 ANALYTICAL RPE-CAUSATIVES ............................................. 233 6.4.3.1 THE MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF TPE-CAUSATIVES ............................................. 233 6.4.3.2 THE BICLAUSAL STRUCTURE OF ANALYTICAL TPE-CAUSATIVES.................................................. 234 6.4.3.3 SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION........................................ 235 KEY TERM S ..................................................................................... 237 EXERCISES ............................................ 238 U NIT 7 A BSOLUTE TE N S E S ......................................................................... 245 7.1 THE MORPHO-SYNTAX OF TENSE-ASPECT-MOOD MARKING .............. 246 7.1.1 THE PROCLITIC BEHAVIOUR OF TAM M ARKERS..................... 246 7.1.2 TEMPLATES FOR TAM MARKERS ........................................ 247 7.1.2.1 HEAD-INITIAL ORDER .............................................. 247 7.1.2.2 THE NULL MORPHEME OF THE PRESENT TE N SE .......... 248 7.1.2.3 THE CLAUSE-INTERNAL PLACEMENT OF THE MOTIONAL AUXILIARY M . ................... 248 7.1.2.4 COMPOUND TENSES .............................................. 249 7.1.3 TAM-MARKERS AS AUXILIARY VERBS .................................. 251 7.2 FIRST AND SECOND TENSES ......................................................... 252 7.2.2 A PARADIGMATIC SPLIT IN THE ABSOLUTE TENSE SYSTEM ....... 252 7.2.3 SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION .................................................... 253 7.3 TEMPORAL, ASPECTUAL, AND MODAL VALUES OF ABSOLUTES TENSES .. 257 7.3.1 A BLUEPRINT OF THE ABSOLUTE TENSE SYSTEM ...................... 251 7.3.2 PRESENT T ENSE ...................... 258 7.3.2.1 COPULA SUPPORT ................................................. 259 7.3.2.2 SEMANTIC RESTRICTIONS ......................................... 259 7.3.2.3 TYPES OF PRESENT TENSE SENTENCES...................... 260 7.3.3 FUTURE TENSES ................................................................. 262 7.3.3.1 SYNTACTIC RELATIONS BETWEEN FUTURE AND PRESENT TENSES ............................................. 263 7.3.3.2 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FUTURE TENSE AND M ODALITY ..................................................... 264 1.33.3 TEMPORAL AND MODAL USES OF THE FIRST AND THE SECOND FUTURE...................................... 265 1.3.3 A TEMPORAL AND MODAL USES OF THE THIRD FUTURE .. 267 7.3.4 PERFECT TENSES ................................................................ 269 7.3.5 PRETERIT TENSES ................................................................ 271 7.3.5.1 OPTIONAL APPEARANCE O F THE AGREEMENT CLITIC N E 272 7.3.5.2 THE PRETERIT PRESENT .............................. 272 7.3.5.3 THE PRETERIT FUTURE ............................................ 274 7.3.5.4 THE PRETERIT PAST (PLUPERFECT)............................ 279 7.3.6 HABITUAL TENSES .............................................................. 275 7.3.6.1 SELECTIONS RESTRICTIONS...................................... 276 7.3.6.2 PLURACTIONALITY AND HABITUALITY.......................... 276 KEY TERM S..................................................................................... 279 EXERCISES....................................................................................... 281 U NIT 8 R ELATIVE TENSES AN D M O O D S ..................................................... 289 8.1 RELATIVE TENSES ........................................................................ 290 8.1.1 THE INVENTORY OF COPTIC RELATIVE TENSES ........................ 290 8.1.2 THE TEMPORAL ............................................. 291 8.1.2.1 FORM S ................................................................ 291 8.1.2.2 AFTER-CLAUSES AND THE TEMPORAL ORGANISATION OF THE NARRATIVE ................................................. 292 8.1.3 TERMINATIVE ASPECT ........................................................ 293 8.1.3.1 FORM S ................................................................ 293 8.1.3.2 THE DELIMITATIVE MEANING OF UNTLL-CLAUSES ... 294 8.1.4 THE CONJUNCTIVE ............................................................ 295 8.1.4.1 FORM S ................................................................ 296 8.1.4.2 CLAUSE CHAINING ................................................. 297 8.1.4.3 EVENT COMPOSITION ............................................ 304 8.1.4.4 TENSE CONSTRUAL ................................................. 306 8.1.4.5 APODOSIS CLAUSES ............................................... 307 8.1.5 ABSOLUTE-RELATIVE TENSES ................................................ 308 8.1.5.1 FORM S ................................................................ 308 8.1.5.2 SYNTACTIC DIFFERENCES WITH SECOND TENSES ....... 309 8.1.5.3 SYNTACTIC DISTRIBUTION ....................... 310 8.1.5.4 TENSE DISTINCTIONS ............................................. 313 8.2 MOODS ..................................................................................... 314 XIY _______________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.2.1 THE IMPERATIVE..................................................................315 8.2.1.1 FORMS....................................................................315 8.2.1.2 THE IMPERATIVE AND SECOND PERSON REFERENCE ....... 318 8.2.2 THE JUSSIVE ....................................................................... 318 8.2.2.1 FORMS....................................................................319 8.22.2 THE METAPHORICAL EXTENSION OF DEONTIC MODALITY ..319 8.2.3 CONDITIONAL M OOD ........................................ 321 8.2.3.1 FORMS....................................................................322 8.2.3.2 MODAL AND ASPECTUAL USES OF THE CONDITIONAL ....... 322 8.2.4 INFERENTIAL MOOD................................................................324 8.2.4.1 FORMS....................................................................324 8.2.4.2 INFERENTIAL EVIDENTIALITY AND FIRST PERSON REFERENCE 324 8.2.4.3 THE VALIDITIONAL FUNCTION OF THE INFERENTIAL ........... 325 KEY TERM S ...................... 328 EXERCISES ...................................................................................... 329 UNIT 9 MODES OF NEGATION ....................................................................... 337 9.1 BASIC STRATEGIES FOR NEGATION....................................................... 338 9.2 NEGATIVE SCO P E....................................................................... 341 9.2.1 LOCALITY CONDITIONS ON NEGATIVE SCOPE...............................341 9.2.2 WIDE SCOPE........................... 342 9.2.3 NARROW SCOPE....................................................................343 9.3 THE DOUBLE NEGATION N - ... A N ................................................. 344 9.3.1 THE NEGATIVE SCOPE DEFMER N - .......................................... 344 9.3.2 THE CLAUSE-INTERNAL NEGATION ADVERB A N ............................346 9.4 NEGATIVES TENSES..................................................................... 347 9.4.1 THE NEGATIVE HABITUAL...................................................... 348 9.4.1.1 FORMS....................................................................349 9.4.1.2 NEGATIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF EVENT PATTERNS ............... 349 9.4.2 THE NEGATIVE PERFECT........................................................ 351 9.4.2.1 FORMS....................................................................351 9.4.2.2 NEGATIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF PAST EVENTS ..................... 352 9.4.23 THE TWO NEGATIVE SECOND PERFECTS ........................ 354 9.4.3 THE UNEXPECTED NEGATIVE PERFECTIVE................................355 9.4.3.1 FORMS....................................................................355 9.43.2 INCOMPLETENESS AND COUNTEREXPECTANCY ................ 356 9.4.4 THE NEGATIVE THIRD FUTURE ............................................... 357 9.4.4.1 FORMS....................................................................357 9.4.4.2 NEGATIVE DIRECTIVES AND COMMISSIVES ................... 358 9.4.5 THE NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE .................................................. 360 9.4.6 THE NEGATIVE AUXILIARY T M ................................................. 360 9.4.6.1 TWO DIFFERENT CLAUSAL POSITIONS ........................... 361 9.4.6 2 NEGATIVE CONJUGATION PATTERNS WITH T M ...............361 KEY TERM S...................................................................................... 363 EXERCISES....................................................................................... 364 U NIT 10 W ORD O R D E R .............................................................................. 369 10.1 SUBJECT ORDER AND INFORMATION STRUCTURE............................ 370 10.1.1 S-V -O AS THE BASIC WORD O RD ER............................. 371 10.1.2 CONSTITUENT ORDER IN THE POSTVERBAL DOM AIN .......... 373 10.1.2.1 THE CANONICAL V DO IO ADV ORDER 373 10.1.2.2 DATIVE S H IFT .............................................. 374 10.1.3 LEFT-DISLOCATION ...................................................... 375 10.1.3.1 MAIN SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS.................. 375 10.1.3.2 TYPES OF LEFT-DISLOCATED TOPICS ................ 378 10.1.3.3 PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF LEFT-DISLOCATION .... 380 10.1.4 ADVERB PREPOSING ................................................... 384 10.1.4.1 SCOPE DIFFERENCES ..................................... 384 10.1.4.2 THE STAGE-SETTING FUNCTION OF PREPOSED ADVERBS .................................................... 385 10.1.5 SUBJECT INVERSION ................................................... 386 10.1.5.1 TYPES OF INVERTED SUBJECTS....................... 387 10.1.5.2 OMISSION OF THE FOCUS PARTICLE N OE I ......... 388 10.1.5.3 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBJECT INVERSION AND TOPICALISATION .................................... 388 10.1.5.4 FREE INVERSION .......................................... 389 10.1.5.5 SEMANTIC TYPES OF FOCUS........................... 391 10.2 RESIDUAL V -S (-0 ) O RD ER ................................................... 393 10.2.1 ADJECTIVAL V ERB S ..................................................... 394 10.2.2 EXISTENTIAL SENTENCES .............................................. 396 10.2.2.1 THE INDEFINITENESS RESTRICTION .................. 396 10.2.2.2 BARE EXISTENTIALS ....................................... 397 10.2.2.3 EXTENDED EXISTENTIALS............................... 397 10.2.2.4 NON-EXISTENTIAL ADVERBIAL-LOCATIVE CLAUSES 399 10.2.3 POSSESSIVE SENTENCES .............................................. 400 10.2.3.1 FORMS ........................................................ 400 10.2.3.2 SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS .......................... 401 10.2.3.3 ABSENCE OF INDEFINITENESS RESTRICTIONS .... 402 10.2.3.4 OTHER MEANS OF EXPRESSING HAVE ......... 402 KEY TERM S................................................................................... 403 EXERCISES.................................................................................... 404 U NIT 11 R ELATIVE C O N S TRU C TIO N S .......................................................... 411 11.1 ATTRIBUTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES ............................................... 412 11.1.1 VIRTUAL AND NON-VIRTUAL RELATIVES............................ 413 11.1.2 COMPLEMENTISER ALTERNATIONS ................................. 414 11.1.2.1 INVARIANT FORMS IN VIRTUAL RELATIVE CLAUSES 414 11.1.2.2 SUBJECT-COMPLEMENTISER AGREEMENT ........ 414 11.1.2.3 COMPLEMENTISER-TAM AGREEMENT .......... 416 11.1.3 THE GRAMMATICAL ROLE OF THE RELATIVE ANTECEDENT.... 417 11.1.3.1 RESUMPTIVE PRONOMINALISATION IN VIRTUAL RELATIVES CLAUSES....................... 418 11.1.3.2 THE DISTRIBUTION OF GAPS AND PRONOUNS IN NON-VIRTUAL RELATIVE CLAUSES ................ 418 11.1.3.2.1 THE SUBJECT/NON-SUBJECT ASYMMETRY............................. 419 11.1.3.2.2 LOCALITY CONSTRAINTS ............... 420 11.1.3.2.3 RELATIVISED NOMINAL SENTENCES 420 11.1.3.2.4 ADVERBIAL RELATIVE CLAUSES ..... 421 11.1.4 MULTIPLE RELATIVE EMBEDDING.................................. 422 11.1.4.1 NESTED RELATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS .................. 422 11.1.4.2 STACKED RELATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS ................ 423 11.1.4.3 INTERNAL COORDINATION ............................... 423 11.1.5 SEMANTIC DISTRIBUTION ............................................. 424 11.1.5.1 THE DEFINITENESS OPPOSITION..................... 424 11.1.5.2 SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC ANTECEDENTS .... 425 11.1.5.3 RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES ..................................................... 427 11.1.6 INFINITIVAL RELATIVE CLAUSES...................................... 429 11.2 FREE RELATIVE CLAUSES .......................................................... 429 11.2.1 MAIN SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE RELATIVES ..... 430 11.2.2 SEMANTIC TYPES OF FREE RELATIVES............................. 433 11.3 NOMINAL CLEFT SENTENCES.................................................... 438 11.3.1 THE EQUATIVE FORMAT OF CLEFT SENTENCES .................. 438 11.3.1.1 THE DISTRIBUTION OF TENSE AND NEGATION .... 439 11.3.1.2 THE MORPHO-SYNTAX OF THE AGREEMENT CLITIC 440 11.3.1.3 THE CLEFT CONSTITUENT AS PIVOT................... 442 11.3.1.4 BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE.......................................... 443 11.3.1.5 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CLEFTING AND TOPICALISATION .................................... 443 11.3.2 SEMANTIC TYPES OF FO CU S ......................................... 444 11.3.2.1 PRESENTATIONAL FOCUS............................... 445 11.3.2.2 THEMATIC PROMINENCE.............................. 446 11.3.2.3 CONTRASTIVE FOCU S..................................... 446 11.3.2.4 INFORMATIVE-PRESUPPOSITION CLEFTS ........... 447 KEY TERM S .................................................................................. 449 EXERCISES.................................................................................... 452 UNIT 12 S UBORDINATE C LA U S E S .............................................................. 459 12.1 ARGUMENT CLAUSES.............................................................. 460 12.1.1 SUBJECT CLAUSES....................................................... 461 12.1.1.1 SURVEY OF CONSTRUCTIONS .............................462 12.1.1.2 THE MANDATIVE MEANING OF IMPERSONAL VERBS ..........................................................464 12.1.2 COMPLEMENT CLAUSES .............................................. 465 12.1.2.1 MENTAL VERBS OF COGNITION........................ 466 12.1.2.2 MENTAL VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND DISCOVERY 468 12.1.3 REPORTED SPEECH .................................................... 470 12.1.3.1 MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH......................................... 471 12.1.3.2 THE REPORTATIVE VERB N E X E -/N E X X - ........ 472 12.1.3.3 VERBS OF SAYING AND REPORTING ................ 476 12.2 ADJUNCT CLAUSES ................................................................. 480 12.2.1 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES................................................ 480 12.2.1.1 OPEN CONDITIONALS ............................. 481 12.2.1.1.1 SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS ..... 481 12.2.1.1.2 E-Q- PXN-CONDITIONALS ........ 485 12.2.1.1.3 E Y DNE-/E PXE-CONDITIONALS 487 12.2.1.1.4 CONCESSIVE CONDITIONALS ..... 490 12.2.1.1.5 OTHER MARKERS OF CONDITIONALITY .................... 491 12.2.1.1.6 CIRCUMSTANTIAL CLAUSES AS IMPLICIT CONDITIONALS .......... 491 12.2.1.1.7 CONDITIONALLY INTERPRETED COORDINATED AND JUXTAPOSED STRUCTURES ............................ 492 12.2.1.1.8 HYPOTHETICAL FREE RELATIVES .. 492 12.2.1.2 REMOTE CONDITIONALS................................ 493 12.2.1.2.1 TENSE AND MOOD RESTRICTIONS ... 493 12.2.1.2 2 IRREALIS M ODALITY .................. 494 12.2.2 TEMPORAL SUBCLAUSES.............................................. 497 12.2.2.1 WHEN-A N D WHLLE-CLAUSES ............... 497 12.2.2.1.1 WHEN-CLAUSES VS. PREDICATIVE ADJUNCTS ................ 497 12.2.2.1.2 (NON)TEMPORAL INTERPRETATIONS OF WHEN-CLAUSES....................... 500 12.2.2.2 AFTER-CLAUSES ........................................ 503 12.2.2.2.1 AFTER-CLAUSES USED AS TEMPORAL LOCATION ADVERBS ...... 503 12.2.2.2.2 AFTER-CLAUSES USED AS BOUNDARY MARKERS .................. 506 12.2.2.3 SINCE*-CLAUSES........................................ 507 12.2.3 CAUSE, REASON AND PURPOSE CLAUSES ..................... 510 12.2.3.1 CAUSE AND REASON CLAUSES......................... 510 12.2.3.1.1 SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS ......... 511 12.2.3.1.2 TEMPORAL RELATIONS ................ 513 12.2.3.1.3 CONTRASTIVE FOCUS ................... 513 12.2.3.1.4 SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAUSE AND REASON..................... 514 12.2.3.2 PURPOSE CLAUSES........................................ 515 12.2.3.2.1 SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS ........ 515 12.2.3.2.2 FUTURE ORIENTATION .................. 517 12.2.3.2.3 IMPLIED RESULT READING ........... 518 12.3 INFINITIVAL CLAUSES............................................................ 519 12.3.1 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INFINITIVAL AND FINITE SUBORDINATE CLAUSES................................................ 519 12.3.2 THE CONTROLLED INTERPRETATION OF THE MISSING SUBJECT..................................................................... 521 12.3.2.1 SUBJECT CONTROL................. . ........................ 521 12.3.2.2 OBJECT CONTROL...........................................525 12.3.2.3 CONTROL IN IMPERSONAL SENTENCES .............. 526 12.3.3 COMPLEX INFINITIVALS FORMED WITH ANALYTIC RP E- CAUSATIVES ............................................................... 527 KEY TERM S .................................................................................. 532 SELECTED TEXTS ............................................................................ 534 THE INFLECTIONAL PARADIGMS OF SAHIDIC TAM MARKERS ............... 541 GLOSSARY OF NATIVE SAHIDIC COPTIC WORDS ........................................ 543 GLOSSARY OF GREEK LOAN WORDS ........................................................... 571 GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS 587 EDITIONS U SED .................................................................................. 597 REFERENCES....................................................................................... 601 INDEX............................................................................................. 617
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spelling	Reintges, Christoph Hanns 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)173163750 aut Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar Chris H. Reintges 2nd, revised edition Köln Rüdiger Köppe Verlag [2018] © 2018 xxiii, 622 Seiten 24 cm x 17 cm, 1090 g txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Study books of African languages volume 15 Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Sahidisch (DE-588)4120323-9 gnd rswk-swf Fachhochschul-/Hochschulausbildung Orientalisten / Ägyptologen, Linguisten Koptisch Lehrmaterialien Nordafrika Orientalistik Ägypten Ägyptologie Sahidisch (DE-588)4120323-9 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Rüdiger Köppe Verlag (DE-588)1065421893 pbl Vorangegangen ist 9783896455703 Study books of African languages volume 15 (DE-604)BV002771840 15 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030488589&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Reintges, Christoph Hanns 1964- Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar Study books of African languages Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Sahidisch (DE-588)4120323-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4120323-9
title	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar
title_auth	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar
title_exact_search	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar
title_full	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar Chris H. Reintges
title_fullStr	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar Chris H. Reintges
title_full_unstemmed	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect) a learner’s grammar Chris H. Reintges
title_short	Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect)
title_sort	coptic egyptian sahidic dialect a learner s grammar
title_sub	a learner’s grammar
topic	Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Sahidisch (DE-588)4120323-9 gnd
topic_facet	Grammatik Sahidisch
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030488589&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV002771840
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