Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cham, Switzerland
Springer
[2017]
|
Schriftenreihe: | Artificial intelligence: Foundations, theory, and algorithms
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext http://www.springer.com/ Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | xix, 124 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9783319606477 9783319869056 3319606476 |
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Contents
1 Introduction: Artificial Intelligence and Ethics. 1
1.1 Why Ethics in AI? Why Now?. . 1
1.2 Current Initiatives in AI and Ethics. 3
1.3 Codes of Ethics in Context: Other Approaches to Ethical
Questions in AI. 4
1.3.1 Epistemic Strategies: Precision and the Reduction of
Uncertainty. 4
1.3.2 Technological Strategies to Ensure Safe and Beneficial
AI. 5
1.3.3 Moral Strategies in the Pursuit of Beneficial AI. 5
2 What Do We Need to Understand About Ethics?. 7
2.1 A Preliminary Plea: Ethics Is Not About ‘Banning’ Things. 8
2.2 Normative Ethical Theories. 8
2.3 Ethics and Empirical Evidence. 9
2.4 So Why Do We Even Need Ethics?. 9
2.5 So, With What Sort of Issues Is Ethics Concerned?. 11
2.6 Who (or What) Is The Proper Object of Moral Concerns, and
How Widely Should Our Concerns Extend?. 12
2.7 Four Domains of Ethics: Self, Friend, Stranger, World. 13
2.8 What Counts as Adequate Justification and Argument in Ethics? . 14
2.8.1 How Do We Gain Moral Knowledge? . 15
2.8.2 The Elimination of ‘Bias’. 16
2.8.3 When Is Ethical Justification ‘Finished’?. 17
2.8.4 Can We Necessarily Even Fully Articulate All Our Key
Values?. 18
2.8.5 Can There Be Such a Thing as Moral Progress?. 19
2.9 Moral Relativism, Moral Justification and AI. . 22
2.10 A Distributed Morality?. 23
2.11 Moral Agents. 24
xv
xvi
Contents
2.12 Moral Motivation. 24
2.13 AI, Codes of Ethics and the Law. 25
3 Does AI Raise Any Distinctive Ethical Questions? . 27
3.1 Methodology: Focusing in on Ethical Questions. 27
3.1.1 How Do We Identify Ethical Problems as New?. 28
3.2 Many Ethical Issues in AI Are Shared with Other Rapidly
Developing Technology. 28
3.3 Ethical Questions Arise from AI’s Typical Use to Enhance,
Supplement, or Replace the Work of Humans. 29
3.4 We Also Need to Consider the Methods of Production of AI. . 31
3.5 Hype in AI and Implications for Methodology in Ethics. 31
3.5.1 Hype Can Both Distort Our Ethical Reasoning, and
Reveal Things of Potential Interest. 32
3.5.2 Hype About AI Can Channel Our Thinking About
Solutions. 33
3.5.3 Impacts of Hype on Moral Thinking. 35
3.6 Conclusion. 36
4 Codes of Professional Ethics. 39
4.1 Introduction: The Varieties of Ethical Codes. 39
4.1.1 The Purposes of Codes and Statements of Principle. 40
4.2 Professional Codes of Ethics Tend to Have Certain
Commonalities. 41
4.2.1 Relations Between Professionals, Clients and Others . 41
4.2.2 Professional Codes of Ethics, Enforcement, and
Authority. 42
4.2.3 Professional Codes of Ethics and Professional Values . 43
4.2.4 Values Underlying Professional Codes of Ethics. 43
4.2.4.1 The Example of Autonomy. 44
4.2.4.2 Articulating Values Underlying Professional
Codes of Ethics. 45
4.2.4.3 Underlying Professional Values May Be Focused
Towards Protecting Individuals. 47
4.3 Codes of Ethics and Institutional Backing. 47
4.4 The Context of Codes of Ethics. 48
4.5 Can Codes of Ethics Make the Situation Worse? Yes. 53
5 How AI Challenges Professional Ethics. 59
5.1 AI Professional Organisations and Companies, and the Nature
of Its Development and Production. 59
5.2 Gradients of Professional Power and Vulnerability in AI. 61
5.3 A Third Layer of Complexity in Codes of Professional Ethics
for AI: The Behaviour of Machines. 63
5.4 The Authority of Any Resulting Codes. 64
5.5 Conclusions. 65
Contents xvn
6 Developing Codes of Ethics Amidst Fast Technological Change . 67
6.1 Social, Cultural and Technological Change and Ethics. 67
6.1.1 Methodology and Moral Theory in Times of Change . 68
6.1.2 Social and Cultural Change Is Perennial. 69
6.1.3 Social, Cultural and Technological Change Is
Multifactorial. . 70
6.1.4 Change and Moral Uncertainty. 71
6.2 Social, Cultural, Economic and Technological Change:
The Example of AI and Employment. 73
6.3 Regulating for Whom? The Global Reach of AI, Universalism,
and Relativism. 76
6.4 Diversity in Participation as Part of the Solution. 79
7 Some Characteristic Pitfalls in Considering the Ethics of AI, and
What to Do About Them. 85
7.1 The Idealisation of Human and of Machine Agency. 85
7.1.1 The Abstract and the Concrete in Ethics. 85
7.1.2 Artificial Intelligence, and Intelligence as the Hallmark
of Humanity. 86
7.1.3 Idealisation and Overreach Often Applies in Thinking
About the Ethics of AI. 87
7.1.4 Idealisation in Thought About Autonomous Vehicles . . . 88
7.2 Building Ethics into AI and the Idealisation of Moral Agency . 89
7.3 Replacing and Enhancing Human Agency, Boundaries and AI. . . 91
7.3.1 Case by Case Consideration Is Needed. 91
7.3.2 What Kind of Questions Do We Need to Ask in Such
Cases?. 92
7.3.3 AI, Ethics, and Effects on Complex Systems. 93
7.3.4 Pay Attention: Technology Can Hide, and Technology
Can Blind Us. 93
7.4 Addressing the Increased Gradient of Vulnerability. 94
7.5 Common Language, Miscommunication and the Search for
Clarity. 95
7.5.1 Common Language May Mask Disagreement: A Tale
of Two Autonomies. 96
8 Some Suggestions for How to Proceed. 99
8.1 Organisations and Codes. 99
8.2 Procedures for Drawing Up and Implementing Codes. 100
8.3 The Content of Codes. 101
8.4 Thinking About Ethical Issues in Developing and Implementing
Codes of Ethics. 103
8.5 Asilomar AI Principles. 104
8.5.1 The Process of Producing the Principles. 104
8.5.2 Research Issues in the Asilomar Principles. 105
Contents
xviii
8.5.3 Ethics and Values in the Asilomar Principles. 106
8.5.4 Longer-Term Issues in AI. 110
8.5.5 General Comments on the Asilomar Principles. 110
References. 113
Index
121 |
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spelling | Boddington, Paula Verfasser (DE-588)1147985715 aut Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence Paula Boddington Towards a code of ethics for AI Cham, Switzerland Springer [2017] © 2017 xix, 124 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Artificial intelligence: Foundations, theory, and algorithms Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd rswk-swf Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf UYQ Societal values Morality Decision systems Ethics Human enhancement technologies Artificially intelligent systems Artificial autonomous systems Robots Social agents Moral values Legal values Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 s Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s DE-604 Springer International Publishing (DE-588)1064344704 pbl Elektronische Reproduktion 9783319606484 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-319-60648-4 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2695c504366f4b3c942ac536e0187f17&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext X:MVB http://www.springer.com/ Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030465509&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Boddington, Paula Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4033447-8 (DE-588)4015602-3 |
title | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence |
title_alt | Towards a code of ethics for AI |
title_auth | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence |
title_exact_search | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence |
title_full | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence Paula Boddington |
title_fullStr | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence Paula Boddington |
title_full_unstemmed | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence Paula Boddington |
title_short | Towards a code of ethics for Artificial Intelligence |
title_sort | towards a code of ethics for artificial intelligence |
topic | Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Künstliche Intelligenz Ethik |
url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2695c504366f4b3c942ac536e0187f17&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.springer.com/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030465509&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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