A Grammar of Bangime:
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Format: | Buch |
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de Gruyter Mouton
[2018]
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Schriftenreihe: | Mouton Grammar Library
volume 76 |
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Beschreibung: | xxvi, 480 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm x 17 cm |
ISBN: | 9783110557497 3110557495 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements and dedication—v Maps—xxiii Photos—xxv 1 Introduction — 1 1.1 Bangime language and Bangande people—1 1.2 1.2.1 Environment—1 Villages and population—1 1.2.2 Lifestyle and religion — 3 1.2.3 Neighboring languages and bilingualism—3 1.2.4 Bangande origins: archeology and ethnohistory—4 1.3 Previous and contemporary study of Bangime—7 1.3.1 1.3.2 Previous work—7 Our fieldwork—8 1.3.3 Multimedia supplements and online resources—8 2 Sketch —10 2.1 [x Y] segments —10 2.2 Grammatical tonology----- 12 2.3 2.4 Nouns and NPs----- 14 Main clauses and constituent order—15 2.5 2.6 Anaphora—16 Focalization and relativization —16 2.7 Interclausal syntax—17 3 Phonology----- 18 3.1 General—18 3.2 Internal phonological structure of stems and words — 3.2.1 Syllables—18 3.2.2 Monosyllabic Cv versus Cw----- 18 3.3 Consonants—19 3.3.1 3.3.2 Inventory of consonants—19 Word-final consonants—19 3.3.3 Intervocalic medial consonants—20 3.3.4 Sibilants----- 20 3.3.5 Front rounded approximant ų—20 3.3.6 Medial CC clusters—21
viii — Contents 3.3.7 Initial CC clusters------ 22 3.4 Vowels----- 23 3.5 Segmental phonological rules—24 3.5.1 3.5.2 Nasal Assimilation----- 24 Final-Semivowel Deletion — 24 3.5.3 vv-Contraction with cliticization----- 26 3.5.4 3.5.4.1 Homorganic vowel-semivowel combinations — 26 /Cijv/-» [Cjv], /Cuwv/- [Cwv]----- 26 3.5.4.2 3.5.4.3 Final (/vji/-» [vj], /vwu/-» [vw])----- 27 Monophthongization (/iji/-» [i:], /uwu/-» [u:])—27 3.5.5 Final rv-Truncation — 27 3.6 Prosodic weight----- 28 3.7 Tones----- 29 3.7.1 3.7.2 Basic tonology—29 Overview of tonal ablaut—30 3.7.3 LL#-to-LM# rules----- 31 3.7.3.1 LL#L-to-LM#L------ 31 3.7.3.2 LL#M-to-LM#M------ 34 3.7.3.3 Irregular LL#_-to-UVl#_ before {HL}-ablauted /H/-melody 3.7.4 M#H-to-L#H----- 35 3.7.5 Rightward Tone-Spreading—36 3.7.6 Docking of unattached tones—38 possessum—35 3.7.6.1 Floating-H Docking versus {H} and {HL} overlays—38 3.7.6.2 3.7.7 Re-Linking of delinked tone after Final-Semivowel Deletion — 40 Terracing----- 41 3.7.7.1 M-terraces, secondary and primary L-terraces—41 3.7.7.2 3.7.8 H-terraces as inputs to Nonlow-Tone Decline — 44 Tone Polarization----- 46 3.7.8.1 Tone Polarization with plural -ηάε—48 3.7.8.2 3.7.8.3 Tone Polarization for chained motion verbs and bõndò ‘again’—48 Polarization to a following tone — 50 3.7.9 Nonlow-Tone Decline----- 50 3.7.9.1 Nonlow-Tone Decline for M-toned words------ 51 3.7.9.2 Nonlow-Tone Decline for H-toned words------ 51 3.7.10 3.8 HH#L-to-HL#L----- 53 Terminal intonation—53 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.2 Pronouns and determiners—55 Pronouns----- 55 Basic personal pronouns----- 55
Determiners------ 56
Contents ------ ¡X 4.2.1 Definite ă----- 56 4.2.2 Possessors----- 56 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 Regular possessors with màà----- 56 Variant mèè------ 58 4.2.2.3 Reduced possessor proclitics especially with kin terms----- 58 4.2.2.4 Possessor with covert possessed noun — 60 4.2.3 ‘This/thať (deictic demonstrative pronouns) — 60 4.3 Demonstrative adverbs — 62 4.3.1 Presentatives (‘here’s ...!’) — 62 5 Nouns----- 64 5.1 Tone melodies and BDO ablaut overlay—64 5.2 Singular and plural—66 5.2.1 Regular plural suffix -nde—66 5.2.2 Irregular plurals with -ηάε for juvenile human nouns — 67 5.2.3 Alternative plural suffix -m----- 68 5.3 Ablaut and terracing treatment of singular determined nouns — 69 5.3.1 Secondary {HL} overlay for possessed singulars (/H/, /HL/)----- 69 5.3.2 Accounting for L-toned definite forms of/M/-melody nouns-----73 5.3.3 Covert tonal distinctions between M-terraced definite singulars—74 5.4 Details about nominal tone-melody classes—75 5.4.1 /L/-melody nouns----- 75 5.4.1.1 iļgabu ‘hippopotamus’—76 5.4.1.2 /L/-melody nouns with tonally irregular determined forms—76 5.4.1.3 Regular versus nonalternating /L/-melody nouns — 77 5.4.1.4 Nondiminutive /L/-melody nouns versus diminutives------ 79 5.4.2 /M/-melody nouns—80 5.4.2.1 Regular/M/-melody nouns — 80 5.4.2.2 /M/-melody inalienables with tonally irregular determined forms—81 5.4.3 /H/-melody nouns------ 82 5.4.3.1 Regular /H/-melody nouns------ 82 5.4.3.2 ké ‘thing’----- 83 5.4.3.3 Irregular юэ-ndé ‘body’ (pseudo-plural)—83 5.4.3.4 náã ‘the bush (outback)’ — 84 5.4.4 /HL/-melody nouns (regular and nonalternating)-----
84 5.4.5 /ML/-melody nouns— 86 5.4.6 /LH/-melody nouns----- 87 5.4.6.1 Alternating bisyllabic /LH/-melody nouns — 87 5.4.6.2 Regular/LH*/ polysyllables—88 5.4.6.3 Regular/L*H/ polysyllables----- 89 5.4.6.4 Nonalternating /LH/-melody nouns — 90 5.5 Tonal anti-homonyms — 92
X — Contents 5.6 5.6.1 5.6Л.1 5.6Л.2 5.6.1.3 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.3.1 5.6.3.2 5.6.4 Derived nominals-----95 Gentilic-----95 Gentilic -maa (plural -mi-nde)-----95 Irregular sááó ‘Marka-Djala’ (ethnie group)—96 Optional suffix -}è (plural -jè-ηάε) — 96 Possessor-of-X derivatives (-tjéén, -tügù ~ -tágu) — 97 Deverbal nominals—97 Agentive or characteristic (-/έέ )---- 97 Verbal nouns---- 99 Product or result of action —101 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6 6.5.7 Diminutives—102 Diminutive ending έέ ֊ έ—102 Possible etymological sources of έέ ~ έ—102 Plural suffix -nde versus mï-ndè—104 Overview of diminutive tonal patterns —105 Productive diminutives derived from simple nouns —105 /L/-melody noun with /IV1*L/ diminutive—106 /М/·melody noun with /M(*)L*/ diminutive —107 /H/-melody noun with /H(*)L*/ diminutive---- 108 /HL/-melody noun with /HL*/ diminutive —109 /ML/-melody noun with H(*)L* diminutive---- 110 /LH/-melody nouns, /LHL*/ diminutives---- 111 Models for deriving diminutive forms—113 The doubly marked diminutive determined form (DF)—113 Nondiminutive to diminutive—114 Undetermined diminutive to determined diminutive—114 Lexicalized (frozen) diminutives—115 /L/-melody lexicalized diminutives—116 /M/-melody lexicalized diminutives —117 /HL/ (bimoraic) and /H*L/-melody lexicalized diminutives —118 /HL*/-melody lexicalized diminutives—119 /M*L/-melody lexicalized diminutives —120 /ML/ (bimoraic) and /ML*/-melody Iexicalized diminutives —120 /LHL/-melody lexicalized diminutives—121 7 I 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.1 Adjectives and
numerals—123 Adjectives---- 123 Inventory of adjectives—123 Deverbal adjectives—126 Numerals---- 127 Cardinal numerals—127 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2
Contents — xi 7.2.1.1 ‘One’ (tòrè, tììjè, kétè, kèté)------127 7.2.1.2 ‘2’to‘10’------127 7.2.1.3 Decimal multiples (‘10’, ‘20’,...) and composites —128 7.2.1.4 Large numerals (‘100’, ‘1000’,...) and their composites------ 129 7.2.1.5 Currency------ 130 7.2.1.6 Distributive iteration of numerals------ 130 7.2.2 Ordinal adjectives—131 7.2.2.1 ‘First’ (páá -pàà») and ‘last’------ 131 7.2.2.2 Other ordinals (-nde)—132 7.2.3 ‘Certain one(s)’----- 133 7.2.3.1 tőré ‘other; a certain’—133 7.2.3.2 morè ‘some (ones); others’—133 7.2.4 8 Fractions and portions —133 Compounds------ 134 8.1 General features of compounds —134 8.1.1 Nasal linker----- 134 8.1.2 Domain of BDO and other tone overlays —134 8.2 Reduplicative compounds—135 8.2.1 Diminutive reduplication with added H-tone in determined forms----- 136 8.2.2 Cw-Cvv reduplication with vowel-quality change—137 8.2.3 CvC(v)-CvCv and similar reduplicative compounds—138 8.3 Unreduplicated compounds—139 8.3.1 Lexically opaque compounds----- 140 8.3.2 Modifications of compound finals—143 8.3.2.1 /М/ ablauted to /Н/ (or /L/) in compound finals—143 8.3.2.2 Exceptional surface M-M ( /М-H/) compounds—144 8.3.2.3 Operation of Nonlow-Tone Decline in compound finals------ 146 8.3.3 Tonal changes in compound initials----- 148 8.3.3.1 Tonal changes In /M/-melody nouns as compound initials------ 148 8.3.3.2 Tonology of derived and underived L-L compounds—150 8.3.3.3 Tonal changes in /H/-melody nouns as compound initials------ 152 8.3.4 Compounds that include a diminutive----- 154 8.3.4.1 Productive diminutives formed from nondiminutive
compounds----- 155 8.3.4.2 Lexicalized diminutive compound finals —157 8.3.4.3 Lexicalized diminutive compound initials—157 8.3.5 Compounds with complex initial—159 8.3.5.1 Plural nouns as compound initials----- 159 8.3.5.2 PPs as compound initials----- 160
xii — Contents 9 Noun Phrase structure—162 9.1 Organization of NP constituents —162 9.1.1 Multi-word NPs---- 162 9.1.1.1 Linear order—162 9.1.1.2 NPs with two or more postnominal modifiers—164 9.1.1.3 NPs ending in a universal quantifier—165 9.2 Prenominai determiners —166 9.2.1 Productive possessed-noun construction (A mààB)—166 9.2.2 Possessed kin terms—167 9.2.3 Definite ā---- 168 9.3 Noun plus adjective—171 9.3.1 Undetermined N-Adj(-Pl)—171 9.3.2 Definite singular N-Adj—173 9.3.3 Possessed singular N-Adj—174 9.3.4 N-Adjl-Adj2---- 175 9.4 Noun plus numeral---- 176 9.4.1 Undetermined N-Num—176 9.4.2 Definite N-Num---- 176 9.4.3 Possessed N-Num---- 177 9.5 Noun plus adjective and numeral—178 9.5.1 Undetermined N-Num-Adj---- 178 9.5.2 Definite N-Num-Adj---- 179 9.5.3 Possessed N-Num-Adj---- 181 9.6 NP with demonstrative—182 9.6.1 Noun (and modifiers) plus demonstrative—182 9.7 Nonnumeral quantifiers—184 9.7.1 ‘A lot (of)’ (péérè)---- 184 9.7.2 ‘All’ (r}kíí-pààn, pààn)---- 185 9.7.3 ‘Each’(pÀw)---- 185 9.7.4 Negative indefinites (‘nobody’etc.)—186 10 Coordination—187 10.1 NP coordination —187 10.1.1 NP conjunction X [dă Y] ‘X and Y’—187 10.1.1.1 Nonpronominal conjuncts---- 187 10.1.1.2 Pronominal conjuncts with dă (but 2Sg à nä) —188 10.1.1.3 ‘X and Y’ with a modifier or postposition---- 189 10.2 Disjunction----- 190 10.2.1 ‘Or’(nàò)---- 190 10.2.2 Clause-level disjunction —190
Contents ------ ХІІІ 11 Postpositions and adverbials—192 11.1 Basic postpositions—192 11.1.1 Dative wo;---- 192 11.1.2 Instrumental and locative (u-)kò---- 193 11.1.2.1 Instrumental function of (jj-jfcò---- 194 11.1.2.2 Locative function of (η-)1 ό—194 11.1.3 ‘Inside X’ (X η tégò)---- 195 11.1.4 On X’(,Xhù(ù) )---- 195 11.1.5 Comitative —196 11.1.5.1 X η pèè ‘with X’-----196 11.1.5.2 X nii ‘from X’ (custody or source)—197 11.1.6 X ήjàw‘chez X , ‘atX’s place’---- 198 11.1.7 X raw ‘(reply) to X’—199 11.1.8 Verb plus [xki]-----199 11.1.9 ‘Next to, beside X’ (X màã kerė)---- 202 11.1.10 ‘In front of’---- 202 11.1.10.1 ‘In front of’ (X màà tégó)---- 203 11.1.10.2 ‘(Stopping/passing) in front of (/X sibi])—203 11.1.11 ‘Behind X’ (/Xmàãgimpè]), ‘after X’----204 11.1.12 ‘Over/above X’ (Xmàã degė), ‘below/under X’ (Xmàâgùrù)---- 204 11.1.13 ‘Between’([Xdà Y] túmbàri), ЬПю ‘(in) the middle’ — 205 11.2 Purposive-causal‘for’or‘because of (sáá-πίηά)—206 11.3 Other adverbs (or equivalents)---- 207 11.3.1 Similarity (hā πίηα nà(w)X‘Uke X’)—207 11.3.2 Extent (‘much, ‘a little’)—207 11.3.3 ‘Far’and‘near’—208 11.3.4 Spatiotemporal adverbials—209 11.3.4.1 Temporal adverbs—209 11.3.4.2 Spatial adverbs—210 12 Verbal derivation--- 211 12.1 Causative---- 211 12.1.1 Causative suffix -ndv---- 211 12.1.2 Transitive-mediopassive verbs with partial overlap in form — 212 12.2 Deadjectiva! inchoative and factitive verbs—213 13 Verbal inflection---- 215 13.1 Inflection of regular indicative verbs---- 215 13.2 Subject pronominals and [xY] segments—215 13.3 Principal parts and morphological verb types—216
13.3.1 Indicative verbs—216 13.3.1.1 Basic and overlaid perfective forms---- 218
xiv —— Contents 13.3.1.2 13.3.2 13.3.3 13.3.4 13.4 13.4.1 13.4.1.1 13.4.1.2 13.4.1.3 13.4.1.4 13.4.1.5 13.4.1.6 13.4.2 13.4.2.1 13.4.2.2 13.4.2.3 13.4.2.4 13.4.3 13.4.3.1 13.4.3.2 13.4.3.3 13.4.3.4 13.4.4 13.4.4.1 13.4.4.2 13.4.4.3 13.4.4.4 13.4.4.5 13.4.4.6 13.4.4.7 13.4.4.8 13.4.4.9 13.4.4.10 13.4.5 13.4.5.1 13.4.5.2 13.4.6 13.4.6.1 13.4.6.2 13.4.6.3 13.4.6.4 13.4.6.5 Basic and overlaid imperfective and future forms — 220 Modal morphological categories — 224 Summary of principal parts—227 Preview of verb-class specific analyses below—228 Verb classes---- 229 Invariant verbs (no segmental changes)—230 Active (LLHLMM)---- 230 Change-of-state and stance (LMMLMM, LMMMMM) — 234 Motion verbs (MMMLLL)-----236 Active (MLHLLL)---- 237 tére‘spin (cotton)’ (LLHLLL)---- 237 türü ‘lie down’ (MFHLMM)---- 238 Mutating verbs (with final-vowel change) — 238 Active (LLHMMM)---- 239 Change of state (LMMMMM, LMMLLL)---- 243 Active (MLHLLL)---- 244 Active (LLHLLL, LLMLLL)----- 245 U-class verbs------246 Active CvCv (MLHLLL)---- 247 Change of state CvCv (MLMMLL)---- 248 Cv(N)Cv (LLHLLL)---- 249 Mixed i/a/u paradigm (bita ‘finish’, LLMLLL)---- 249 Verbs with perfective-1 suffix-rv - -dv - -bv---- 249 Active RV-verbs (LLHLLL, perfective-1 -rv)---- 250 Change-of-state RV-verbs (LLMLLL, LMMLML, perfective-1 -rv)---- 250 Cura with perfective-2 CM (MLHLLL, MLMLLL, MMMLLL)---- 251 RE/RO-verbs (MLHLMM, MLHLLL, MMMLMM, MFHLMM)---- 252 flà-rà ‘pick up, take’ (LLHLMM, suffixes -r à and -wn)---- 253 CVN-DV verbs {Cvn-dv, Cv-r v, Cv-w / Cv-j / Cmn)---- 253 gin-dõ ‘weep’ (зп ,зì-r’à, MFHLMM)---- 256 CVM-
BV verbs {Cvm-bv, Cv-wv, Cv-vr/Cv- f)----256 jüm-bã ‘dance’ with verb-iteration---- 257 tūm-bā ‘dump’ and tùmbè ‘pour out’---- 258 Verbs with Cv-w3 perfective-1---- 259 Monosyllabic stems (MLHLLL, MLMLLL, MMMLLL)---- 259 tl-m ‘fall’ (ti-bi, MFHLLL)---- 260 Other verbs---- 260 tìgèè - tìgèrè ‘run’ (LFHLLL)---- 260 nãw” ‘give’ (perfective-2 nii, MLHLLL)---- 261 ηίηά ‘say’ (perfective-2 nū, LLHLMM)---- 261 jăă ‘see’ (jì-jè, MLHLML) — 261 nõõ ‘come’ Լոսս, MMMLMM)---- 262
Contents — XV 13.4.6.6 13.4.6.7 13.5 dõò ‘convey’ (MLHLLL)---- 262 dïjà ‘eat’ (MLHLLL)---- 263 Primary verbal ablaut vis-à-vis nominal ablaut—264 14 Clause, VP, and predicate structure---- 269 14.1 Active (dynamic) verb constructions — 270 14.1.1 Overview---- 270 14.1.2 Perfective system including resultative and perfect—272 14.1.2.1 /cóó-perfective with perfective-1---- 272 14.1.2.2 Simple perfective-2—273 14.1.2.3 Simple perfective-1---- 274 14.1.2.4 Resultative with wăj auxiliary and perfective-2 — 276 14.1.2.5 Perfect with kè auxiliary and perfective-2---- 278 14.1.2.6 Perfective negative with bè ~ bé and perfective-1—279 14.1.3 Imperfective system (imperfective, future) — 282 14.1.3.1 Future with auxiliary nàw and variants---- 282 14.1.3.2 Imperfective dà with intransitives---- 285 14.1.3.3 Imperfective and future (dà) with transitives — 287 14.1.3.4 Inceptive dà plus imperfective and auxiliary wã}—289 14.1.3.5 Imperfective negative with bé ~ bé and imperfective—290 14.1.4 Modals----- 295 14.1.4.1 Positive imperatives — 295 14.1.4.2 Prohibitives (negative imperatives) with general deontic and (L) overlay---- 297 14.1.4.3 Positive hortative with ndàà or plural à-ndáá—298 14.1.4.4 Hortative negatives in the form of 1PI prohibitives with {L} overlay---- 300 14.1.5 Other dynamic predicates—301 14.1.5.1 ‘Become, turn into’ (jé-rò)---- 301 14.1.5.2 Collocations with jê-rò ‘do, make’—301 14.1.5.3 Inchoative adjectival predicates with wore ‘go’—302 14.1.5.4 ‘Remain, stay’ (bāra)—303 14.1.5.5 ‘Say’ (nìijà, kénde)—303 14.2 Stative constructions—304 14.2.1 Identificational
predicates---- 304 14.2.1.1 Positive identificational predicates (‘it’s B’)—304 14.2.1.2 Negative identificational predicates (‘it isn’t B’)—304 14.2.2 Equational predicates—305 14.2.2.1 Positive equational predicates (‘A is B’)---- 305 14.2.2.2 Negative equational predicates (‘A isn’t B’)—305 14.2.3 Existential predicates (‘A exists’, ‘there is A’)—306 14.2.3.1 Positive existential predicates (d33 )---- 306
xvi — Contents 14.2.3.2 Negative existential predicates (bèè) — 307 14.2.4 Locational predicates—308 14.2.4.1 Positive locational predicates (dà)—308 14.2.4.2 Negative locational predicates (bé)—309 14.2.5 Possessive predicates----- 310 14.2.5.1 ‘A have B’ (dūga)----- 310 14.2.5.2 ‘В belong to A’ construction------310 14.2.6 Other stative verbs----- 311 14.2.6.1 ‘Know’ (sõ-rè)----- 311 14.2.6.2 ‘Want; like’ (mãà)----- 312 14.2.6.3 ‘Resemble’(dòtjòndò)----- 312 14.2.6.4 14.2.7 Experienced physical states------313 Stative adjectival predicates (‘be ADJ’)—315 14.2.7.1 Bare stative adjectival predicates without auxiliaries—315 14.2.7.2 Stative predicates with fcz- ~ id- ‘thing’ as pro-forma noun----- 318 14.2.7.3 Alternative stative adjectival predicates—320 14.3 Grammatical issues—322 14.3.1 Basic grammatical relations------322 14.3.2 Valency of verbs----- 323 14.3.2.1 Intransitives----- 323 14.3.2.2 Transitives----- 323 14.3.2.3 Reflexive-like middle construction----- 325 14.3.2.4 Ditransitives----- 326 14.3.2.5 Valency of causatives—326 14.3.3 Low-referentiality subjects and objects — 327 14.3.3.1 Lexicalized subject-verb combinations—327 14.3.3.2 Collocations with verb and cognate nominal—329 14.3.3.3 Collocations with verb and noncognate object—330 15 Comparatives—331 15.1 Asymmetrical comparatives—331 15.2 Symmetrical comparatives—332 15.2.1 Symmetrical predicates — 332 15.2.1.1 ‘Arrive, attain’ (řwóó-ró) — 332 15.2.1.2 ‘Be equal’ (të-rà, kétè)—332 15.2.1.3 Symmetrical adjuncts (‘as much as’)—333 16 Focalization and interrogation—334 16.1 Focalization—334 16.1.1 Basic
morphosyntax of focalization—334 16.1.2 Which constituents can and cannot be focalized?—335 16.1.2.1 Focalization of nonpredicative constituents—335
Contents 16.1.2.2 16.1.3 16.1.4 16.1.4.1 16.1.4.2 16.1.4.3 16.1.5 16.1.5.1 16.1.5.2 16.1.6 16.1.6.1 16.1.6.2 16.1.7 16.2 16.2.1 16.2.1.1 16.2.1.2 16.2.1.3 16.2.2 16.2.2.1 16.2.2.2 16.2.2.3 16.2.2.4 16.2.2.5 16.2.2.6 16.2.2.7 16.2.3 xvii Verb focalizaron—335 Linear position of focalized constituent---- 336 Perfective positive---- 337 Perfective positive, nonsubject focus---- 337 Perfective positive, subject focus (with or without particle mì)— 338 Rare use of perfective auxiliaries (wă), kè) in focalized clauses — 341 Focus in imperfective positive clauses----342 Imperfective positive, nonsubject focus (auxiliary nò) — 342 Imperfective positive, subject focus (with má)—344 Focalizaron in negative clauses---- 345 Focus in perfective negative clauses — 346 Imperfective negative clauses — 347 Focalization of PP or other adverbial phrase—348 Interrogatives---- 349 Polar (yes/no) interrogatives---- 349 Clause-final interrogative particle à—349 Two-part polar interrogatives with ná ‘or’---- 350 Clause-initial Ѓ5—350 Content (WH) interrogatives — 350 ‘Who?’(/я)---- 350 ‘What?’ (ηέ-sì ), ‘with what?’, ‘why?’---- 351 ‘Where?’ (kótè, kóndò)---- 352 ‘When?’---- 353 ‘How?’(nimi)---- 353 ‘How much/many?’ foii)— 354 ‘Which?’ (kâmè)---- 354 Embedded interrogatives — 355 17 Relativization---- 357 17.1 Basics of relative clauses — 357 17.2 Relative marker—357 17.2.1 Singulármi---- 357 17.2.2 Plural mè-né---- 359 17.2.3 mè-sé ---- 360 17.3 Verb in relative clauses—360 17.4 Determiners and quantifiers—361 17.5 Grammatical relation of relativized-on NP—361 17.5.1 Subject relative clause—361
17.5.2 Object relative clause—362 17.5.3 Possessor relative clause — 363 17.5.4 Relativization on the complement of a postposition—364 17.5.5 Noun-headed temporal relative clause (‘[at] the time when ...*)---- 364
its .6 itial relative clause (‘where ...’) with me miràiner relative clause—365 ,7 •365 C jnal constructions—367 lothetical conditional (sé)—367 itive antecedent with perfective-2—367 native antecedent (‘unless’)—368 irnative ‘if’ constructions—369 n if...’ (hã, hááti)—369 y-nilly antecedents (‘whether X or Y.. .*)— -369 interfactual conditionals—370 mterfactual with past hí/jgà—370 ~ tàmà in counterfactuals—372 v ains and complements—373 :onjugated imperfective motion verb complement—373 ansitive clause plus simple motion verb—374 isitive clause plus simple motion verb—378 nvey’ plus ‘come’ or‘go’ — 378 bject” of imperfective motion verb after transitive verb — 380 ijugated imperfective verb or VP complement—381 :aposed imperfective clauses—381 ception verb plus imperfective main clause—382 lerfective/future verb plus imperfective complement—383 lerfective kúmbò ‘look for/go around’ as complement—384 gin to VP’ and ‘finish VP-ing’ with imperfective—385 usent (to VP)’ (tãgà) plus imperfective — 387 afraid’ (pira)—387 afraid to’ with same-subject imperfective complement—388 afraid that...’—389 ijugated perfective-2 verb or VP complement—390 ansitive (‘come’, ‘go’, etc.) plus perfective-2—390 ;ion verb and second verb are both perfective-2 (3Sg à) — 390 iperfective motion verb plus perfective-2 subjunctive with —393 Fective-2 as second of two transitive verbs—393 til’---- 395 until’ with completive perfective-2 clause—395 ed until got tired’ = ‘VPed fora very longtime’—397 ndi ‘must’ with perfective-2---- 398 i VP’ (kwàà... [η кЏ) plus perfective-2---- 399 ijugated
perfective-1 clause or complement—401 .1 ,2 .1 .1 .2 .1 .2 2.1 . 2.2 . .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .7.1 .7.2 .1 1.1 1.2 . . ,2 .3 .3.1 .3.2 .4 .5
Contents ------ ХІХ 19.4.1 Echo clauses as background—401 19.4.1.1 Sequential (‘after’) echo clauses with perfective-1 and M-to-L 19.4.1.2 Durational echo clauses with perfective-1----- 405 drop — 401 19.4.2 ‘Since ...’ and ‘as soon as ...’ — 407 19.4.2.1 19.4.2.3 ģilāā ‘since ...’ with perfective-1----- 407 ģilāā ‘as soon as ...’ with perfective-1 or-2—408 ģilāā with negative verb as‘before’clause — 408 19.4.3 ‘From X, until/all the way to)Y’----- 409 19.4.2.2 19.4.4 Periphrastic causatives with /cóó-perfective complement----- 410 19.5 Subjunctive and related complements----- 410 19.5.1 Deontic versus perfective-2 subjunctives—411 19.5.1.1 Extended passage combining perfective-2 and deontic subjunctives — 411 19.5.2 Perfective-2 subjunctive clauses----- 413 19.5.2.1 sé bé ‘if not’ - ‘must’ with perfective-2 or deontic subjunctive — 413 19.5.2.2 Nonperfective motion verb plus perfective-2 subjunctive----- 415 19.5.2.3 Future-time sequential ‘after’ clause plus perfective-2 subjunctive — 416 19.5.2.4 Imperative-like perfective-2 subjunctive conditional consequents----- 417 19.5.3 Deontic subjunctive clauses — 417 19.5.3.1 Same versus different subjects in deontic subjunctives with ‘want’----- 417 19.5.3.2 Imperfective/future causative plus deontic subjunctive----- 421 19.5.3.3 Deontic subjunctive in quoted imperative (jussive) — 422 19.5.3.4 Quoted hortative----- 423 19.5.4 Quoted prohibitives are not subjunctive in form — 423 19.5.5 ‘Before’ clauses (má-màà) with general deontic — 424 19.6 Nominalized complements—426 19.6.1 ‘Cease VPing’ (dèrndè, gömbé) plus nominalized
verb — 426 19.6.2 ‘Help’ (b5gò) with nominalized complement—427 19.6.3 ‘Forget’ (tèè-ndt) with nominalized complement—429 19.6.4 ‘Prevent’ (hààndà) with nominalized complement—429 19.6.5 Purposive clauses with verbal noun and mirà—430 19.7 Postpositional phrase complements------ 431 19.7.1 19.7.2 dòò-rò ‘pass’ as experiential perfect with or without һй(й)” ‘on’----- 431 ‘Fail (to VP)’ (kùwàntâ) plus PP with hù(ù)n ‘on’—432 19.8 Main-clause complements----- 433 19.8.1 Quotative indicative complements—433 19.8.1.1 ‘Say’verbs----- 433 19.8.1.2 ‘Say that...’ with ‘say’verb (niljá or kéndé)—434
XX ------ Contents 19.8.1.3 Direct versus indirect in quotative complements — 434 19.8.2 Clausal complements of‘know’ and ‘forget’ — 435 19.8.2.1 Positive ‘know that...’ with main-clause complement—435 19.8.2.2 ‘Not know’ with să ‘whether’ complement—435 19.8.2.3 ‘Forget’ with ‘whether’ complement—436 19.8.3 19.8.4 Indicative complement of perception verbs — 436 Causal (‘because’) clause — 437 20 Anaphora—438 20.1 Reflexive----- 438 20.1.1 Reflexive object expressed by regular pronouns—438 20.1.2 Reflexive possessor----- 440 20.1.3 Reflexive PPs----- 441 Possessed degè ‘head’ as reflexive object—442 20.1.4 20.2 Emphatic pronouns — 443 20.2.1 ‘X unassisted’----- 443 20.2.1.1 With degė‘head’----- 443 20.2.1.2 With f3p3w----- 444 20.3 Logophoric and indexing pronouns—444 20.4 Reciprocal—445 20.4.1 Reciprocal object and possessor (si1n) — 445 20.4.2 ‘Together’ (szí )----- 446 21 Grammatical pragmatics — 447 21.1 Topic----- 447 21.1.1 Topic (һдэ )----- 447 21.1.2 ‘Also, too’ (tìgè)----- 448 21.1.3 ‘Even’ {ha)----- 449 21.2 Preclausal discourse markers — 449 21.2.1 ‘Okay’(ftò/à)—449 21.2.2 ‘But ..(mèè, kăă)----- 449 21.3 Pragmatic adverbs or equivalents—450 21.3.1 ‘Again’ (Jbóndó, bõndò)----- 450 21.4 ‘Only’particles----- 451 21.4.1 Only’(paw)----- 451 21.5 Final emphatics----- 452 21.5.1 Clause-final ко)‘sure’(emphatic agreement) — 452 21.5.2 Clause-final emphatic ķdat ‘definitely, exactly’ — 452 21.5.3 21.6 Clause-final dé (admonitive)----- 452 Greetings------ 453
Contents — XX¡ Texts-----456 Bangime text 01, Eating and drinking taboos----- 456 Bangime text 03, “If I am elected,...”—460 References—467 Index-----469 A. Bangime morphemes—469 B. Grammatical terms----- 475
Spoken ordy in a cd-dc-sae valley in Dogon country in east-central Mali, Bangime is I he imel «nymaik; language isolale in the whole of interior West Africa. It is appar ently a Basquc-like survival of a formerly widespread language family, now boxed into •im sinat! valley by the expansion of Niger-Congo languages (Dogon, Bozo, Mande) on aí! «fíes. This hook brings out the full glory of its grammar, especially its З-level tone syskon, which indudes multiple tone-sandhi processes (assimilation, dissimilation, amí polarization), three types of multi-word level-toned terraces, and tonal ablaut. Π« core of tonal ablaut is the inversion of lexical tone melodies. For nouns, inversion is ту prenominai determiner. For verbs, it is controlled by a similar but more subtle semantic pattern that is brought out most clearly in the opposition of two categories of perfective verb. The intricate interplay of tone sandhi, tcrracing,, and ablaut is the heart of a fascinating grammatical system. The publication oi tiiis grammar is the culmination, of a decade of work begun by the late Stefan Hid« s. to whose memory it is dedicated, and continued by the two authors. TON GRAMMAR LIBRARY The scries builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word Hst am! other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special
attention is paid m hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality.
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any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- Hantgan, Abbie |
author_GND | (DE-588)12155273X |
author_facet | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- Hantgan, Abbie |
author_role | aut aut |
author_sort | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- |
author_variant | j h jh a h ah |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV045070061 |
classification_rvk | EP 14776 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1015349027 (DE-599)DNB1147783209 |
dewey-full | 400 |
dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
dewey-ones | 400 - Language |
dewey-raw | 400 |
dewey-search | 400 |
dewey-sort | 3400 |
dewey-tens | 400 - Language |
discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
format | Book |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:07:46Z |
institution | BVB |
institution_GND | (DE-588)1065653190 |
isbn | 9783110557497 3110557495 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030461338 |
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owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
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publisher | de Gruyter Mouton |
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spelling | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)12155273X aut A Grammar of Bangime Jeffrey Heath, Abbie Hantgan Berlin de Gruyter Mouton [2018] @ 2018 xxvi, 480 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mouton Grammar Library volume 76 Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Dogon-Sprache (DE-588)4150371-5 gnd rswk-swf Bangime (DE-588)1174779659 gnd rswk-swf SDI Bangime (DE-588)1174779659 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Dogon-Sprache (DE-588)4150371-5 s Hantgan, Abbie Verfasser aut De Gruyter Mouton (DE-588)1065653190 pbl Mouton Grammar Library volume 76 (DE-604)BV000018422 76 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030461338&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030461338&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
spellingShingle | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- Hantgan, Abbie A Grammar of Bangime Mouton Grammar Library Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Dogon-Sprache (DE-588)4150371-5 gnd Bangime (DE-588)1174779659 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4150371-5 (DE-588)1174779659 |
title | A Grammar of Bangime |
title_auth | A Grammar of Bangime |
title_exact_search | A Grammar of Bangime |
title_full | A Grammar of Bangime Jeffrey Heath, Abbie Hantgan |
title_fullStr | A Grammar of Bangime Jeffrey Heath, Abbie Hantgan |
title_full_unstemmed | A Grammar of Bangime Jeffrey Heath, Abbie Hantgan |
title_short | A Grammar of Bangime |
title_sort | a grammar of bangime |
topic | Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Dogon-Sprache (DE-588)4150371-5 gnd Bangime (DE-588)1174779659 gnd |
topic_facet | Grammatik Dogon-Sprache Bangime |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030461338&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030461338&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV000018422 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT heathjeffrey agrammarofbangime AT hantganabbie agrammarofbangime AT degruytermouton agrammarofbangime |