Chernobyl: the history of a nuclear catastrophe
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Basic Books
May 2018
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 404 Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781541617094 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chernobyl |b the history of a nuclear catastrophe |c Serhii Plokhy |
| 250 | |a First edition | ||
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| 300 | |a xvi, 404 Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln |b Illustrationen, Karten |c 25 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1986-2017 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear power plants |x Accidents |z Ukraine |z Chornobylʹ | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear energy |x Political aspects | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178583952818176 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Maps ix
Preface xi
Prologue i
I WORMWOOD
CHAPTER 1 Congress 7
CHAPTER 2 Road to Chernobyl 23
CHAPTER 3 Power Plant 39
II INFERNO
CHAPTER 4 Friday Night 59
CHAPTER 5 Explosion 75
CHAPTER 6 Fire 87
CHAPTER 7 Denial 101
III ATOP THE VOLCANO
CHAPTER 8 High Commission 121
CHAPTER 9 Exodus 137
CHAPTER 10 Taming the Reactor 157
vu
viii
Contents
IV INVISIBLE ENEMY
CHAPTER 11 Deadly Silence 173
CHAPTER 12 Exclusion Zone 189
CHAPTER 13 China Syndrome 203
CHAPTER 14 Counting Lives 217
V RECKONING
CHAPTER 15 War of Words 233
CHAPTER 16 Sarcophagus 249
CHAPTER 17 Crime and Punishment 267
VI NEW DAY
CHAPTER 18 Writers’ Block 285
CHAPTER 19 Nuclear Revolt 301
CHAPTER 20 Independent Atom 317
CHAPTER 21 Global Shelter 331
Epilogue 345
Acknowledgments 351
Note on Radiation Impact and Measurements 353
Notes 355
Index 389
Photographs follow page 216
INDEX
Abagian, Armen, 134—135
Academic Council on Radiobiology
of the All-Union Academy of
Sciences, 313
Academy of Sciences, 31, 285, 299
activism/activists, xv—xvi, 286,
289-291, 292, 296-297,
298, 306-307, 312, 314-316,
319, 332. See also Drach,
Ivan; dissidents; ecological
issues; environmental issues;
Green Party; Green Peace;
Green World; Kiev rally;
Koniev, Serhii; May Day
demonstrations; Rukh
movement; Shcherbak, Yurii;
Yavorivsky, Volodymyr
Adamovich, Ales, 288, 311
Afghanistan, 88, 203
Africa, 347
agriculture, 44, 196—197, 262
Akhromeev, Sergei, 165, 177—178
Akimov, Aleksandr, 82—83, 103—104,
106-107, 109, 227
criminal investigation of, 275,
276
radiation sickness and, 111—112,
118, 144, 145, 147, 354
shutdown of nuclear reactor No.
4 and, 78-80, 83
alcoholism/anti-alcohol campaign,
10-11, 60, 193
Aleksandrov, Anatolii, 121, 254, 257,
264, 266-269, 279
address on scientific and
technological development at
Communist Party Congress
by, 16—19
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
163-164
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 256, 259
as director of Kurchatov Institute
of Atomic Energy, 130
nuclear reactors and, 18—19,
48-49, 130, 260
Alexievich, Svetlana, xv
Andropov, Yurii, 9, 13, 51
Angren Power Plant, 24, 25
Antoshkin, Nikolai, 133, 157—158,
159-160, 161
Arbatov, Georgii, 243—244
Armenia, 305
Barnier, Michel, 335
Belarus, 90, 237, 239, 288, 313-314,
328, 332, 338, 339, 340,
341
Belarusian Popular Front, 313, 341
389
390
Index
Belikov, Mykhailo, 312
Belokon, Valentyn, 95—96
Berdov, Hennadii, 127, 139, 142,
151
Blix, Hans, 2, 241-245, 260, 262
Boldin, Valerii, 9, 10
Boliasny, Oleksandr, 45
Bolshevik Revolution (.see also Russian
Revolution), 28—29, 271,
285
Borets, Vitalii, 64—69, 66—68, 72, 77
Borovoi, Aleksandr, 261, 263
Bouygues Construction, 341—342
Brezhnev, Leonid, 9, 13, 21, 137, 303,
307, 312
Briukhanov, Viktor, 23—26, 26—27,
29, 30-31, 33-42, 44, 53,
62, 76, 123, 138, 326, 337
biographical information, 24—25
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 109-110, 113-115,
124-125, 255-256, 259, 266
civilian evacuation and, 115, 141
construction of Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant, 24, 45
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272-276, 277-279, 280
as delegate at Communist Party
Congress (27th), 11—13, 21,
23, 38, 52
as director of the Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant, 11,
12, 19-20, 26, 39-42, 51,
54-55, 113-116
imprisonment and parole of,
320-321
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 100—103, 114,
125, 139
as scapegoat for Chernobyl
accident, 255—256, 259, 266
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 126, 127,
190-191
on Yavorivsky, 320-321
Briukhanov, Oleg, 24
Briukhanova, Lilia, 24, 25, 38
Briukhanova, Valentina, 23, 24—25,
26, 38, 154, 168, 273-274,
276, 337
Brize, Raymond, 277
Budapest Memorandum, 332, 333
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 262
Bush, George H. W., 179
Canada, 236, 237-238
Castro, Fidel, 13-14
The Cathedral (Honchar), 288, 291
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 8,
179-180, 287
Chain Reaction (Yavorivsky),
319-320
Chazov, Yevgenii, 246
Chebrikov, Viktor, xiii, 13, 176
Cheliabinsk-40 (Ozersk) nuclear
accident, 145, 173-175, 220,
233, 250, 251
Chernenko, Konstantin, 9, 13
Chernobyl (Chornobyl)
history of, 27—31
origin of name, 27
See also Chernobyl accident
(in nuclear reactor No. 4);
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone;
Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant; Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts;
nuclear accidents/meltdowns
Chernobyl-2, 242
Chernobyl accident (nuclear reactor
No. 4), xii, 11-12, 31,34,
36, 169 (drawing)
as beginning of Soviet collapse,
xv—xvi, 248
biblical prophecy and, 27, 208,
324
Blix visit to, 241—245
causes of, xvi, 106—107, 113, 118,
121, 125, 126, 129, 161-162,
253-259, 260-264, 270,
271-279, 277, 278, 320-328,
346, 347-348
Index
391
censorship/concealment of,
xiii—xiv, 2, 3, 116, 140,
173-175, 180, 233-234, 242,
246- 248, 261, 262, 288,
309-310, 316, 320-328,
348 (see also under nuclear
accidents/meltdowns;
radiatlon/radiation levels/
radioactive contamination)
criticism of Soviet handling of,
234-238, 238-239
decontamination efforts (See
Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts)
East-West propaganda war over,
233-248
European tours to, 345
explosions, fear of additional,
197-198, 204, 206, 210,
211-212
fear of radioactive poisoning of
underground waters and the
world s oceans (see China
syndrome)
foreign journalists visit site of,
239-244
health impact of, xiv (see also
radiation sickness)
openness/breaking silence on,
175-176, 176-178,
179-180, 182, 196,
247- 248, 269-270, 280,
311, 328
reactions to news of, 100—106,
121-123, 138-139, 180
Ukrainian parliamentary
commission on consequences
of, 188, 316, 318, 320-328
See also Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant; Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts;
nuclear reactor Nos. 1, 2,
3, 5, 6 (Chernobyl); nuclear
reactors
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, xi—xii, 61,
165-166, 195, 196, 320, 345
See also radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination;
settlement/resettlement
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
See also Chernobyl accident
(nuclear reactor No. 4)
Chernobyl radiation decontamination
efforts, 217-229
efforts to seal (or bury) damaged
reactor and, 133, 157—165,
166, 167, 176, 204, 206,
223, 346
human resources mobilized for,
219- 222, 224-225
liquidators and, 218, 219,
220- 221, 225, 229, 309,
310, 339
Chernobyl Shelter Fund, 341
China, 8, 332-333, 347
The China Syndrome (film), 204—205
China syndrome (radioactive
poisoning of underground
waters and the worlds
oceans), 204—205, 207—210,
212, 216, 223, 239, 243
Chornobyl. See Chernobyl
Chugunov, Vladimir, 110—111
Chyhyryn Nuclear Power Plant, 293,
298
climate change, 49—50
Clinton, Bill, 333-334, 335
Cold War, 16
commission of the USSR State
Committee for the
Supervision on Safety in
Industry and Nuclear Power,
321
Communist Party, xiv, xv, 8, 13—14,
20, 36, 121, 123, 129, 196,
201, 255, 268, 285, 305, 306,
307, 312, 315, 322, 324, 351
Ukraine independence and,
317-319
Communist Party Congress. See
Twenty-seventh Communist
Party Congress
392
Index
Communist Party congresses, 7—8, 14
Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, 286
Congress of People s Deputies,
304-306, 312-313, 314
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance countries in
Eastern Europe, 257
Council of Ministers, 259
coup of August 1991, 317—319
Crimea, 333
Czechoslovakia, 40
Dahl, Birgitta, 2, 175-176
D Avignon, Tania, 287
Davletbaev, Razim, 79—80, 82—83,
85,105
democratic reform, 294, 302—303,
317-318
Denmark, 2, 179
Diatlov, Anatolii, 34, 46—47, 72—73,
75-80, 227, 326
assessment of Chernobyl disaster
and, 103-106, 109-110
attempts to prevent radiation
from spreading and, 107—109
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272, 274-275, 276-278, 280
radiation sickness and, 109, 110,
118, 145, 147, 274-275, 321
tests programs and timetable and,
77, 81-82, 83
Diatlova, Isabella, 73
dissidents
Kyiv rally and, 190, 285—287,
296-298, 303
nuclear energy and, 285—299
Ukrainian writers as, 285,
289-291, 294, 295-296
See also activism/activists
Dniprodzerzhynsk (Kamianske), 312
Dobrynin, Anatolii, 177
Dolgikh, Vladimir, 164, 176—177,
177-178, 257, 259
Dollezhal, Nikolai, 18, 49-50, 50-51,
253-254
Drach, Ivan, 195, 291—293, 294, 297,
299, 304, 316, 320
Drach, Maksym, 195, 292
Durdynets, Vasyl, 139
Eastern Europe, 235, 334
EBRD. See European Bank for
Reconstruction and
Development
eco-imperialism, 305
eco-nationalism, 305, 314, 316, 323,
328, 330, 331
ecological activism/activists. See
activism/activists; dissidents
economy, 8—9, 9—10, 44, 334—
338. See also political
and economy reform;
socioeconomic development
Edwards, Mike, 286
Egypt, 237, 347
Enerhodar, 342
Environmental Protection Agency
(United States), 179
Europe, 210, 333, 337, 345
European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD),
334, 336,337-338, 341
European Commission, 338
European Union, 335, 336
evacuation, 115, 123, 127, 128, 132,
133, 134-135, 137-155,
166-167, 198-202, 234
of animals, 198, 199—200, 202
of exclusion zone, 192—194,
201-202
of Kyiv, 211—215
people choosing to stay behind
and, 154
resettlement and (see settlement/
resettlement)
Far East, 336
Federation of American Scientists,
209
Fedulenko, Valentyn, 163—164, 166,
167, 254
Index
393
Finland, 2, 179, 237, 260, 337
firefighters, 143, 145, 147, 219, 229
Fomin, Nikolai, 53, 65, 68-69, 73,
76-77, 125, 138, 321, 326
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272, 274-275, 276, 278, 280
foreign journalists, 239—244
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant, 1,
175-176
France, 234-235, 236, 332-333, 337
French Revolution, 28
Fronin, Vladimir, 181-182
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant disaster, 346, 348
Gale, Robert Peter, 243, 244,
245-246
Gates, Bill, 348
Gazin, Sergei, 106
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 234
Germany, 236, 337
glasnost, or openness, xv, xvi,
247-248, 263, 286, 289,
299,310,311
Godunov, Boris, 7
Gorbachev, Mikhail, xvi, 17, 23, 37,
44, 187, 265, 290
acceleration of social and
economic development
(uskorenie)y 9—10, 21, 59
alcoholism/anti-alcohol campaign
and, 10—11, 60
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
164-165, 176
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 255-259, 324
breaking silence on Chernobyl
accident by, 176—178, 182
causes of Chernobyl accident and,
263-264
censorship/concealment of
radiation levels and, 186,
188, 233-234, 242, 310
Chernobyl speech by, 233—234,
244
Communist Party and, 317—318
Congress of Peoples Deputies
and, 304-305, 312
coup of August 1991 and, 317
criticism of handling of
Chernobyl accident by,
234- 238, 238-239
democratic reform and, 302—303,
317-318
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 213, 214-215
as general secretary of the party,
8-9, 20-21, 307
glasnost, or openness, and, xv,
xvi, 247-248, 263, 287, 288,
293, 296, 299, 310, 311
lack of resources and technology
to match SDI and, 15—16
Legasov and, 279, 280
nuclear arms control and, 15—16
nuclear test ban and, 244, 247
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident and,
247-248
people of Kyiv angry at, 244—245
perestroika and, 9—10, 21, 256,
280, 286, 289, 299, 303
Politburo meeting on coping
with Chernobyl accident,
205-206
political and economic reform
and, 9-10, 14, 281, 295, 299,
302-303, 304-305, 310,
314, 331-333
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 256—260
Reagan and, 9, 178, 180,
235- 236, 244, 245
report on economic and social
development to Communist
Party Congress and, 8—9,
13-16, 20-21
Rukh and, 303—304
visit to Chernobyl plant by, 301
Gorbacheva, Raisa, 301
Great Britain, 235, 237, 238, 332, 347
394
Index
Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of
World War II), 29-31,60,
62, 269-270
Great Ukraine Famine (aka
Holodomor), 29, 31, 40—41,
202
Green Party, 337
Green World, 296, 305-306, 315, 331
Greenpeace International, 340
Gromyko, Andrei, 177
Group of Seven (G-7), 236, 244, 334,
335, 341
Gubarev, Vladimir, 309
Guskova, Angelina, 145, 147, 149,
226-227, 246
Hammer, Armand, 245—246
Harriman Institute for Advanced
Study of the Soviet Union
(Columbia University), 247
helicopter pilots, 126, 128, 132—133,
150, 157-161, 163-166, 190,
204, 219, 221, 241-243, 251,
252, 270, 346
Hello, Prypiat (Levada), 290
Helsinki Final Act, 295
Hiroshima, 118, 244, 320, 339
Hladush, Ivan, 138-139, 140-141,
154
Holocaust, 29—30, 31
Holodomor (Great Ukraine Famine),
29, 31, 40-41, 202
Honchar, Oles, 183, 188, 288, 289,
294, 298, 303-304, 320
hospitals, 118, 145, 147-149, 225,
240
human rights, 286, 299
Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, 305,
314
Ihnatenko, Liudmyla, 93, 95,
99-100, 144, 148, 225-226,
228-229
Ihnatenko, Vasyl, 93—94, 95, 99—100,
144, 147, 148, 225-226,
228-229
Ilin, Leonid, 212-214
India, 237, 347
Institute of Biological Physics, 145,
213
Institute of Nuclear Energy, 16, 17,
18, 161, 163
Institute of the USA and Canada, 243
International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), 2, 224, 236, 241,
260-261, 263
Vienna conference on Chernobyl
accident, 260-264, 280
International Commission on
Radiological Protection, 229
International Women s Day, 23, 38
Iraq, 237
Italy, 234, 236
lunost (Youth), 294
Izrael, Yurii, 191, 212-214
Izvestiia (News), 307—308, 309
Japan, 236, 336
Kachalovsky, Yevhen, 240
Kachura, Borys, 211, 212, 219
Kaganovich, Lazar, 29, 32
Kaganovychi-1 (Khabne), 29
Kaganovychi-2 (Kabany), 29
Kalugin, Aleksandr, 254
Karpan, Nikolai, 272
Karpenko, Vitalii, 309—310
Kazachkov, Igor, 69—70, 72
Kazakhstan, 296
KGB, 46, 71, 116, 176, 182-183, 187,
189, 196, 212, 313, 316
concealment of Chernobyl
accident by, 188, 205, 236,
310,320
coup of August 1991 and,
317-319
dissidents and, 285, 286, 287,
288-289, 295, 297-298
evacuation and, 154—155
foreigner journalists visit site of
Chernobyl accident and,
240
Index
395
radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination
and, 141-142, 154-155, 183,
194-195, 201, 237-238
report on Chernobyl design/
construction problems by,
51-53
Rukh and, 303-304
Khamianov, Leonid, 133
Kharitonova, Liudmila, 150
Khmel, Hryhorii, 98—99
Khmel, Petro, 98—99
Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant,
315-316, 336, 339
Khodemchuk, Valerii, 108
Khrushchev, Nikita, 7, 8, 14, 18, 268,
293, 306
Kibenok, Tetiana, 144
Kibenok, Viktor, 93-94, 95-96, 144,
147, 225, 226, 228
Kirshenbaum, Igor, 82—83, 108
Kommunist, 49
Komsomol (Young Communist
League), 60
Koniev, Serhii, 312
Kopachi, 31-32
Koriakin, lu. L, 49
Korobeinikov, Vladimir, 113, 117
Korotych, Vitalii, 309
Kotsiubynska, Mykhailyna, 286
Kotsiubynsky, Mykhailo, 286
Kovalenko, Oleksii, 272
Kovalenko, Valentyna, 159
Kovalev, Anatolii, 237, 238
Kovalevskaia, Liubov (pseud. L.
Stanislavskaia), 45—46,
55-56, 117-118, 153, 168
Krasno, 199-201
Kravchuk, Leonid, 318—319, 323,
325
Kriuchkov, Vladimir, 317
Kucherenko, Vasyl, 139
Kuchma, Leonid, 331—334, 335, 337,
338
Kudriavtsev, Aleksandr, 104,
106-107, 108
Kurchatov, Igor, 17—18
Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy,
48, 130, 253-254, 260, 267,
268, 270, 271, 279, 321
Kurnosov, Vladimir, 250
Kyiv, 135
anger at Gorbachev by people of,
244-245
evacuation of, 211—212
evacuation of children from,
212-215
foreign journalists visit to,
239-244
foreign students, ambassadors,
and tourists leaving,
237-238
May Day demonstration in,
183-190, 203, 326
Kyiv rally, 190, 285-287, 296-298,
303
Kyiv—Prypiat highway, 24, 26
Kyïvs’kapravda (Kyiv Truth), 45
Kyzyma, Vasyl, 39-46, 51-53, 62
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 124-126
Laushkin, Yurii, 272
Legasov, Valerii, 130-132, 134-135,
190, 215, 219, 238, 267-271,
288
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 159,
161-163, 164,165
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by,
269- 270, 280
Politburo meeting on coping with
Chernobyl accident and,
205-206
radiation sickness and, 218,
270- 271
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 259—260,
262
report on causes of Chernobyl
accident by, 260—264
396
Index
Legasov, Valerii (continued)
on safety of nuclear reactors,
268-269, 270
suicide attempts and death of,
271, 279-281
“The Legend of Polisia” (Drach),
292
Lenin, Vladimir, 7, 8, 21, 27, 59, 60,
147, 186, 245, 291, 345
Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant
(Sosnovyi bor), 47, 66—67,
84
Leonid, Rev., 199-201
Levada, Oleksandr, 290—291
Levada, Yurii, 290
Liashko, Oleksandr, 186—187, 190,
223, 240-241, 324
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 322
criminal charges against,
327-328
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212, 213
lack of understanding about
danger of Chernobyl
accident, 190—192
mobilization of transport
facilities for evacuation and,
140-141
order to begin evacuation and,
137-138, 140-142
rising radiation levels and,
194-195
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 191, 192
Ukrainian commission on
Chernobyl Accident, 194,
195
on Yavorivsky, 326—327
Liashko commission. See Ukrainian
commission on Chernobyl
Accident
Ligachev, Yegor, 177, 190, 193-194,
197, 257
liquidators, 218, 219, 220—221, 225,
229, 309, 310, 339
Literaturna Ukraïna (Literary
Ukraine), 304, 309
Lithuania, 305, 314
Liutov, Mikhail, 112—113
Lubomirska, Rozalia, 28
Lukianenko, Levko, 318—319
The Madonna of Chernobyl (Drach),
292
Maiak (Beacon) nuclear plant, 250
Maidan, 287
Maiorets, Anatolii, 20, 43, 122, 125,
132, 142, 217, 261
censorship/concealment of
nuclear accidents by, 53
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 122-123
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 123—124,
126-129, 190-191
Makar, Ivan, 297—298
Makhno, Nestor, 307
Maksymovychi, 168
Makukhin, Aleksei, 50, 123
Malomuzh, Volodymyr, 113, 115—116
Manhattan Project, 17, 209
Mao Zedong, 7
Maria with Wormwood at the End of
the Century (Yavorivsky),
320
Marin, Vladimir, 124—125, 125-126
Masol, Vitalii, 193, 211, 215, 313
May Day parade, 183, 184—188,203,
326
media (Soviet Union), 88
censorship/concealment of
nuclear accidents by,
173-175, 307-310
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by,
175-176, 178, 182, 247-248
media (United States)
coverage of Chernobyl accident
by, 181-182, 188
glasnost, or openness, and,
247-248
Index
397
Medvedev, Grigorii, 33, 50—31, 54,
217-218
Meshkov, Aleksandr, 157—158, 254,
257, 259, 263
Metlenko, Hennadii, 78, 83
Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, 305
military
radiation decontamination efforts
and, 219-222
sarcophagus building and,
251-253
military-industrial complex, 16, 19,
47, 347
Ministry of Energy and
Electrification, 13, 19, 20,
43, 47,50, 54, 69, 123, 130,
157, 158, 217
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 236—237,
238, 239, 326
Ministry of Health, 145, 194, 195,
210, 296,310
Ministry of Medium Machine
Building, 17, 18, 19, 47, 130,
157, 259
Ministry of the Interior, 312, 326
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 297
Morozova, Natalia, 187—188
Motovilov, B. N., 133
Mukha, Stepan, 183, 196, 240
Naboka, Serhii, 295, 296, 299
Nagasaki, 118, 320, 339
Narodychi, 306, 308, 311—313
National Geographic, 286, 287
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Naumov, Vladimir, 224—225
Neporozhny, Petro, 33
Netishyn, 315—316
New York Times, 179, 182, 240
Nigeria, 237
Nineteenth Communist Party
Conference, 295, 310—311
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 15, 179, 242
Norway, 2, 238
Novarka consortium, 341—342
Novikov, Aleksandr, 338
Novyi mir (New World), 311
nuclear accidents/meltdowns, 52, 53,
63, 68, 173-175, 307-310
breakdowns and other faults in
United States and, 182
at Fukushima nuclear plant,
346
at Leningrad plant (RBMK
reactor), 66—68
in Ozersk (code name
Cheliabinsk-40), 173-175,
220, 233, 250, 251
at Three Mile Island, 49, 131,
182, 255
nuclear arms control, 15—16
nuclear arsenals, Soviet-era, countries
giving up, 332-333
“Nuclear Energy: Achievements and
Problems” (Dollezhal and
Koriakin), 49—50
nuclear industry, reform of,
258-259
nuclear nationalism, 330, 349
nuclear power plants
climate change and, 49—50
danger of terrorist attacks
against, 348
location of, 19, 20, 49, 50
See also nuclear reactors
nuclear reactor No. 1 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31, 65
accident (1982) and, 51—53, 68
closing of, 329—330. 337
nuclear reactor No. 2 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31, 34, 65, 68, 97
closing of, 329-330, 337
nuclear reactor No. 3 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31,34, 36, 45, 65,
66, 68, 86, 91, 94-95, 222
closing of, 329—330, 337—338
spread of fire to, 107, 108
nuclear reactor No. 4 (Chernobyl). See
Chernobyl accident (nuclear
reactor No. 4)
398
Index
nuclear reactor No. 5 (Chernobyl), 15,
39, 60, 126
breach of technical specifications
in construction of, 52—53, 55
construction of, 31, 43—46
nuclear reactor No. 6 (Chernobyl), 15
nuclear reactors
different types of, 19, 47—49, 50,
51,65 (see also RBMK)
safety of, 268—269, 270, 316,
334, 342, 347
See also Chernobyl accident
(nuclear reactor No. 4);
nuclear reactors (Chernobyl);
nuclear reactors (Soviet
Union); nuclear reactors
(United states); nuclear
reactors Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
(Chernobyl)
nuclear reactors (Chernobyl), 47—49,
50, 65, 91
radioactive leaks in, 54—55,
62—63
shutdowns and, 64—69
See also nuclear reactor Nos. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, and 6
nuclear reactors (Soviet Union),
18-20, 50-51
shutdowns, 64—69
nuclear reactors (United States), 48,
49, 131
nuclear weapons, 17
nonproliferation of nuclear arms
and, 333, 348
October Revolution, 287
Ogonek (Little Light), 309
Oliinyk, Borys, 293-294, 298, 311
Orlov, Yurii, 268
Orthodox Jews, 28—29, 29—30, 31
Ozersk nuclear accident (code name
Cheliabinsk-40), 173-175,
220,233,250,251
Pakistan, 347
Palace of Congresses, Moscow, 7—8, 13
Palazhchenko, Pavel, 244
Parashin, Sergei, 109-110, 113, 114,
115, 125, 335
People s Council, 315, 318
perestroika, 9—10, 21, 256, 280, 286,
289, 299, 303, 307, 309,
316
Perevozchenko, Valerii, 109
Petrov, G. N., 116—117
Pikalov, Vladimir, 165, 191, 192
Pliushch, Ivan, 134, 135, 325-327
plutonium-239, xii
Poland, 235
Polish Solidarity, 298
Politburo, 31, 176, 182-183
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 253—259
consumer goods shortages and,
87-88
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212—213, 214
meeting on coping with
Chernobyl accident by,
205-206
sarcophagus of reactor No. 4 and,
249-253
spread of radiation to other
countries and, 177—178
27th Communist Party Congress
and, 13, 16, 21
political activism. See activism/
activists; dissidents
political and economic reform,
9-10, 14, 281, 295, 299,
302-303, 304-305, 310, 314,
331—333. See also economy;
socioeconomic development
Polushkin, Konstantin, 128—129,
163-164
Pompeii, xii—xiii
Potebenko, Mykhailo, 325
Prague Spring, 302
Prapor peremohy (Flag of Victory), 61,
195
Pravda (Truth), 182, 184-185, 194,
218, 239, 243, 279, 309
Index
399
Pravyk, Nadiika, 88—89, 90, 95, 100,
143
Pravyk, Natalka, 89, 100, 143
Pravyk, Volodymyr
death of, 112, 225, 226, 228
as firefighter, 88-90, 91-92,
94-95
radiation sickness and, 95—96,
98, 100, 143, 144-145, 147
Problems of Peace and Socialism, 50
Proskuriakov, Viktor, 104, 106—107,
108, 227
Prushinsky, Boris, 128—129, 132
Prypiat, xi, xii—xiii, 35-38, 289, 290
evacuation by residents of,
142-143
evacuation from villages
surrounding, 137—155
housing shortages in, 35—36, 37
radiation sickness in, 117—118
Red Forest (Scotch pines turning
red) in, 202, 221
Pryshchepa, Volodymyr, 92—93
Putin, Vladimir, 333
radar system (aka Duga, or Arch), xii,
241-242
radiation sickness, xiv, 95—100, 104,
108, 109, 110, 111-112, 116,
117-118, 143-144, 176, 206,
218, 270-271, 274-275, 321,
325, 354
acute radiation syndrome and,
145-147, 229, 271, 321,
339-340
bone-marrow transplants and,
246
cancer among children and,
340
liquidators and, 217, 218, 219,
220-221, 225, 229, 309,
310, 339
patients moved to hospital and,
147—149
treatment, 143—144, 144—145,
166,245-246
See also radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination
radiation/radiation level /radioactive
contamination, xii, xv—xvi,
54-55, 62-63, 108, 112-118,
122-124,127-129, 132, 262,
308-314
agricultural products and,
196-197
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 133,
157-165, 166, 167, 176, 204,
206
censorship/concealment of, 140,
173-175, 184-188, 195-196,
242, 309 (see also under
Chernobyl accident)
children and pregnant women
and, 210, 309
decontamination efforts (see
Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts)
draining radioactive water under
reactor to prevent new
explosions and, 206—207
in exclusion zone, 165—166, 197
ignoring of, 152—153
impact and measurements and,
353-354
KGB and, 141-142, 154-155,
183, 201, 237-238
in Kyiv, 155, 168, 169, 182-183,
184-188, 189-190, 210,
236-237, 237-238
liquidators and, 218, 219,
220-221,225, 229, 309,
310, 339
long-term health consequences
of, 343
from Ozersk accident, 175
radioactive graphite and, 86,
112-113, 125, 126, 129,
162-163, 180, 222
radioactive zones and number
of hours considered safe to
spend in, 166—167
400
Index
radiation/radiation level/radioactive
contamination (continued)
Red Forest (Scotch pines turned
red) and, 202, 221
spreading to other cities and
countries, 155, 168, 169,
175, 177-178, 179, 180-181,
182-183, 184, 189-190, 210,
234- 238, 239
spreading to settlement/
resettlement areas, 166, 167,
168-169, 192, 308-310
See also Chernobyl Exclusion
Zone; radiation
decontamination efforts;
radiation sickness;
settlement/resettlement
Radio Liberty, 188, 286
Raikin, Arkadii, 18
Ral, Heorhii, 188
Ratushinskaia, Irina Borisovna, 287
Raymer, Steve, 286
RBMK (High Power Channel
Reactor), 18—19, 48—49,
50-51, 52, 71, 121, 128, 131,
163, 249, 267, 269, 270
design/construction problems,
66, 68, 84, 256-260, 261,
262, 277, 278, 280, 321-322,
348
shutdown of all, 304
Reagan, Ronald, xii, 8, 88
on Chernobyl disaster, 27
criticism of Soviet handling
of Chernobyl accident by,
235- 236, 246-247
Gorbachev and, 9, 178, 180,
235-236, 244, 245
Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star
Wars”) and, 15
Red Forest, 202, 221
Red Saturday, 59
Research and Development Institute
of Power Engineering, 18,
253
Revenko, Hryhorii, 37, 240
Revolution of Dignity, 345
Rexes (young construction workers
from the villages), 42, 60
Rivne Nuclear Power Plant, 315, 336,
339
Robespierre, Maximilien de, 28
Robinson, Cliff, 1, 175
Roentgen, Wilhelm, 108
Rogozhkin, Boris, 102, 103, 106, 272
Romanchenko, Lidia, 149—150
Romanenko, Anatolii, 195, 196, 210,
213, 324
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 332
Rosen, Morris, 241, 242, 243
Rudnia Ososhnia, 308
Rukh, 293, 297-298, 303-305, 315,
316, 319, 320, 328, 341
closing of Chernobyl plant and,
305
democratic reform and, 294, 318
environmental issues and,
305-306
Ukraine independence and, 318
Russia (Russian Federation), 328, 332,
337, 338, 342
aggression in Ukraine by, 24,
333, 342
losses related to Chernobyl
accident by, 339—341
nuclear reactors under
construction in, 347
Russian Revolution, 268
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 130, 135, 185, 190,
204, 209, 260, 264-265,
280, 322, 326
censorship/concealment of
Chernobyl accident by, 173
at Communist Party Congress,
19
evacuation and, 141, 154,
191-193
exclusion zones and, 191—193,
197
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by, 178,
182
Index
401
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 122
spread of radiation to other
countries and, 177—178
Sajudis (Lithuanian popular front), 305
Sakharov, Andrei, 268
Salhanyk, Khem, 225
Sanders, Jonathan, 247
sarcophagus of nuclear reactor No.
4, 249-253, 264, 266, 301,
302, 335
construction of new shelter over,
341-342, 343, 349
New Safe Confinement Project,
342, 345
Savinov, Yurii, 251
Scandinavia, 179
Schmemann, Serge, 179, 182
SCRAM (Safety Control Rods
Activation Mechanism), 63,
67
SDI. See Strategic Defense Initiative
Shadrin, Yurii, 277
Sharikov, Boris, 325
Shasharin, Gennadii, 257
at accident site, 124—125
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
157-158, 160, 162
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 125-128, 132
Shashenok, Volodymyr, 103, 105—106,
167
Shavrei, Ivan, 90, 91, 95, 97—98
Shavrei, Leonid, 90, 91—93, 94, 95,
97-98, 143-144
Shavrei, Petr, 90, 97-98
Shcherbak, Yurii, xv, 294-296, 298,
305-306, 311, 312, 331-332
Shcherban, Oleksandr, 31
Shcherbina, Boris, 127, 142, 182, 199,
209, 238, 259, 322
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 158,
160, 161, 163, 165
causes of Chernobyl accident and,
254
as chairman of state commission
on Chernobyl accident, 123,
129-135
evacuation and, 134—135, 154,
212-213
exclusion zone and, 165—166
radiation sickness and, 204, 206
Shcherbina commission. See state
commission on Chernobyl
accident
Shcherbytska, Rada, 186
Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr, 11, 31, 32,
33, 39-40, 168, 183, 184,
186-187, 190, 237, 255, 289,
298-299, 313, 322
criminal charges against,
327-328
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212-215
Rukh and, 303—304
Shelest, Petro, 31
Shevchenko, Oles, 295, 296, 299
Shevchenko, Taras, 265, 307
Shevchenko, Valentyna, 140, 168—169,
184, 186-187, 213-214, 215,
324, 327-328
Shevchuk, I. Z., 286
Shishkin, Vladimir, 126
Shmakov, Valerii, 161
Shumak, Anatolii, 189
Shushkevich, Stanislau, 323
Shushunova, Elena, 88
Silaev, Ivan, 206, 208, 209, 210, 218,
223
Simonov, Konstantin, 267
Sitnikov, Anatolii, 110—111
Skazochnyi (scout camp), 167
Skliarov, Vitalii, 222
Slavsky, Yefim, 17-19,48, 130-131,
157, 186
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 256, 259, 261, 263
design of RBMK reactor and, 18,
19, 130
402
Index
Slavsky, Yefim (continued)
as head of Ministry of Medium
Machine Building, 17, 18,
19, 47, 249
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 256—260,
261
resignation and retirement of,
264—266
sarcophagus of reactor No. 4 and,
249-253
Sloviansk Nuclear Power Plant, 24,
25-26
Slutsky, Boris, 268
Smagin, Viktor, 111—113, 118,
144-145
Snyko, Vasyl, 193—194
socioeconomic development, 9—10,
13-16, 21, 59, 328—329.
also economy; political and
economic reform
Sokolov, Yevgenii, 313
Soloviev, R. L., 44
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 287
Sosnovyi Bor nuclear power station.
See Leningrad nuclear power
plant
Soviet Academy of Sciences, 16, 18,
123, 163, 254, 256, 259,
264, 266, 267, 280
Soviet dissidents. See dissidents
Soviet Life, 53
Soviet Union
alcoholism in, 10—11, 60
collapse of, xv—xvi, 248, 342
consumer goods shortages in,
87-88, 302
coup of August 1991 and,
317-319
economic problems in, 8—9, 14,
257
economic reform (see political
and economic reform)
food shortages in, 10, 36, 302
US embargoes on sale of
technologies to, 16
Speakes, Larry, 180-181, 246
Stalin, Joseph, 8, 13, 29, 44, 158, 205,
233, 268
“Star Wars” Strategic Defense
Initiative, xii
state commission on Chernobyl
accident (aka Shcherbina
commission), 121, 123—129,
142, 166, 190-192, 194,
198, 201, 206, 222, 223,
259-260, 270, 322, 327
causes of accident and, 121, 254
lack of organization by, 217—218
meeting on how to shut down
reactor and, 129-135
State Committee for Science and
Technology, 259
State Committee on Hydrology and
Meteorology, 213
Stechanka, 61
Stokotelna, Olha, 286
Strakholissia, 202
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI;
“Star Wars”), 15-16
Sverstiuk, Yevhen, 286, 287
Sweden, 1, 2, 175-176, 179, 188
Swedish Radiation Safety
Authority, 2
Synko, Vasyl, 198-199, 200-201, 202
Tarakanov, Nikolai, 222
Tarashcha Raion, 40
Tashkent, 24, 25
TASS (Soviet news agency), 176, 179,
182, 239
Teliatnikov, Leonid, 89—90, 94—95,
97, 98, 107
Terasaki, Paul, 243, 244
TerraPower Company, 348
Thatcher, Margaret, 9
Thomas, Lee, 179
Three Mile Island nuclear accident,
49, 131, 182, 255
Time magazine, 235
Tkachenko, Oleksandr, 197
Tomsk-7 nuclear power station, 65
Index
403
Toptunov, Leonid, 78, 80-81, 83,
103, 108, 273
radiation sickness and, 111—112,
118, 144, 145, 147
Tov, Baal Shem, 28
Trehub, Yurii, 71-73, 77-78, 78-79,
80-81, 85, 106, 107
Tribuna ênergetika (Tribune of the
Energy Worker), 40, 45—46,
53, 55, 59, 60, 61
Tversky, Rabbi Menachen Nachum,
28
Twenty-seventh Communist Party
Congress, 7-21, 23, 38, 52,
122, 196, 235-236, 295
Ukraine, xvi, 11
activism (.see activism/activists;
dissidents)
economy, 328—329, 331, 334
famine (aka Holodomor), 29, 31,
40-41, 202
losses related to Chernobyl
accident by, 339
post-Chernobyl social welfare
laws defining status of
disaster victims and, 328,
329
radiation in, 239, 339 (see also
radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination)
refusal to shut down Chernobyl
plant for economic reasons
in, 334—338
return to use of nuclear energy
by, 329-330
Russian aggression toward, 24,
333, 342
Western assistance in completing
the construction of two
reactors in, 336—337, 339,
341
Ukrainian commission on Chernobyl
accident (aka Liashko
commission), 194-195,
196-197, 223, 239, 316
Ukrainian Cultural Club, 289,
295-296
Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 286, 295
Ukrainian independence, 317—319,
321, 323
Ukrainian Institute for Nuclear
Research, 185
Ukrainian leadership
Chernobyl accident and, 137—142
Ukrainian parliamentary commission
on consequences of
Chernobyl accident (aka
Yavorivsky commission),
188, 316, 318, 320-328, 329
Ukrainian Research Institute at
Harvard University, 287
United Arab Emirates, 347
United Kingdom, 236
United Nations, 340
United Nations Committee on the
Effects of Nuclear Radiation,
213
United Press International, 181, 240
United States, 8, 203, 260
coverage of Chernobyl accident
in, Soviet anger over, 181
criticism of Soviet handling of
Chernobyl accident by, 234,
235-236, 237, 238, 244
financial assistance and security
assurances to Ukraine in
return for giving up nuclear
arsenal and, 332
Manhattan Project and, 17
offer of assistance by, 180, 182,
246
reaction to Soviet concealment of
Chernobyl accident by, 174,
177, 179-180, 246-247
Three Mile Island nuclear
accident in, 49, 131, 182, 255
uskorenie (acceleration of social and
economic development),
9-10, 21, 59. also
socioeconomic development
Uskov, Arkadii, 111—113, 227
404
Index
Vechirnii Kyiv (Evening Kyiv), 309
Velikhov, Yevgenii, 223, 241, 242,
243, 244-243, 269, 321
China syndrome and,
208-210, 216
sacrificing (or counting) lives
and, 217-218
Vienna conference on Chernobyl
accident (IAEA),
260-264
Vilche, 160
Vinci Construction Grands Projects,
341-342
Voice of America, 188, 286
Volodarka Raion, 40-41
Von Hippel, Frank, 209
Vorobev, Serafim, 113—115, 127,
139-140, 141
Vorobev, Yevgenii, 134
Vremia (Time), 176, 256
Vrublevsky, Vitalii, 11
Warsaw Pact, 15
West Germany, 234, 244
Western countries, assistance to
Ukraine by, 334—338,
341
Western Europe, 234—238
Westinghouse Electric Company,
342
Whitington, Luther, 181, 240—241
World Bank, 334
World Health Organization, 340
World War II, 29-31, 60, 62,
269-270
Writers’ Union (Ukraine), 55, 285,
289-291, 291-296, 297,
298, 304
Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 9, 177, 256
Yaroshynska, Alla, 306—310,
311-313
Yavorivsky, Volodymyr, 318—319,
319- 328
as chairman of Ukrainian
parliamentary commission
on Chernobyl, 188, 316, 318,
320- 328
from nuclear enthusiast to
antinuclear activism,
319-320
Yavorivsky commission. See
Ukrainian parliamentary
commission on consequences
of Chernobyl accident
Yeltsin, Boris, 21, 206, 317-318, 323,
331
Yesaulov, Aleksandr, 147—148,
148-149, 151-152, 167
Young Communist League
(Komosol), 159
Zaiko, Yakiv, 307
Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant,
62-63, 342
Zapredel (Beyond All Norms;
documentary), 312
Zgursky, Valentyn, 185—186
Zhuravlev, Dmitrii, 219
Zhytomyr, 307-308, 311-312, 313
CONTENTS
Maps ix
Preface xi
Prologue i
I WORMWOOD
CHAPTER 1 Congress 7
CHAPTER 2 Road to Chernobyl 23
CHAPTER 3 Power Plant 39
II INFERNO
CHAPTER 4 Friday Night 59
CHAPTER 5 Explosion 75
CHAPTER 6 Fire 87
CHAPTER 7 Denial 101
III ATOP THE VOLCANO
CHAPTER 8 High Commission 121
CHAPTER 9 Exodus 137
CHAPTER 10 Taming the Reactor 157
vu
viii
Contents
IV INVISIBLE ENEMY
CHAPTER 11 Deadly Silence 173
CHAPTER 12 Exclusion Zone 189
CHAPTER 13 China Syndrome 203
CHAPTER 14 Counting Lives 217
V RECKONING
CHAPTER 15 War of Words 233
CHAPTER 16 Sarcophagus 249
CHAPTER 17 Crime and Punishment 267
VI NEW DAY
CHAPTER 18 Writers’ Block 285
CHAPTER 19 Nuclear Revolt 301
CHAPTER 20 Independent Atom 317
CHAPTER 21 Global Shelter 331
Epilogue 345
Acknowledgments 351
Note on Radiation Impact and Measurements 353
Notes 355
Index 389
Photographs follow page 216
INDEX
Abagian, Armen, 134—135
Academic Council on Radiobiology
of the All-Union Academy of
Sciences, 313
Academy of Sciences, 31, 285, 299
activism/activists, xv—xvi, 286,
289-291, 292, 296-297,
298, 306-307, 312, 314-316,
319, 332. See also Drach,
Ivan; dissidents; ecological
issues; environmental issues;
Green Party; Green Peace;
Green World; Kiev rally;
Koniev, Serhii; May Day
demonstrations; Rukh
movement; Shcherbak, Yurii;
Yavorivsky, Volodymyr
Adamovich, Ales, 288, 311
Afghanistan, 88, 203
Africa, 347
agriculture, 44, 196—197, 262
Akhromeev, Sergei, 165, 177—178
Akimov, Aleksandr, 82—83, 103—104,
106-107, 109, 227
criminal investigation of, 275,
276
radiation sickness and, 111—112,
118, 144, 145, 147, 354
shutdown of nuclear reactor No.
4 and, 78-80, 83
alcoholism/anti-alcohol campaign,
10-11, 60, 193
Aleksandrov, Anatolii, 121, 254, 257,
264, 266-269, 279
address on scientific and
technological development at
Communist Party Congress
by, 16—19
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
163-164
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 256, 259
as director of Kurchatov Institute
of Atomic Energy, 130
nuclear reactors and, 18—19,
48-49, 130, 260
Alexievich, Svetlana, xv
Andropov, Yurii, 9, 13, 51
Angren Power Plant, 24, 25
Antoshkin, Nikolai, 133, 157—158,
159-160, 161
Arbatov, Georgii, 243—244
Armenia, 305
Barnier, Michel, 335
Belarus, 90, 237, 239, 288, 313-314,
328, 332, 338, 339, 340,
341
Belarusian Popular Front, 313, 341
389
390
Index
Belikov, Mykhailo, 312
Belokon, Valentyn, 95—96
Berdov, Hennadii, 127, 139, 142,
151
Blix, Hans, 2, 241-245, 260, 262
Boldin, Valerii, 9, 10
Boliasny, Oleksandr, 45
Bolshevik Revolution (.see also Russian
Revolution), 28—29, 271,
285
Borets, Vitalii, 64—69, 66—68, 72, 77
Borovoi, Aleksandr, 261, 263
Bouygues Construction, 341—342
Brezhnev, Leonid, 9, 13, 21, 137, 303,
307, 312
Briukhanov, Viktor, 23—26, 26—27,
29, 30-31, 33-42, 44, 53,
62, 76, 123, 138, 326, 337
biographical information, 24—25
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 109-110, 113-115,
124-125, 255-256, 259, 266
civilian evacuation and, 115, 141
construction of Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant, 24, 45
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272-276, 277-279, 280
as delegate at Communist Party
Congress (27th), 11—13, 21,
23, 38, 52
as director of the Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant, 11,
12, 19-20, 26, 39-42, 51,
54-55, 113-116
imprisonment and parole of,
320-321
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 100—103, 114,
125, 139
as scapegoat for Chernobyl
accident, 255—256, 259, 266
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 126, 127,
190-191
on Yavorivsky, 320-321
Briukhanov, Oleg, 24
Briukhanova, Lilia, 24, 25, 38
Briukhanova, Valentina, 23, 24—25,
26, 38, 154, 168, 273-274,
276, 337
Brize, Raymond, 277
Budapest Memorandum, 332, 333
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 262
Bush, George H. W., 179
Canada, 236, 237-238
Castro, Fidel, 13-14
The Cathedral (Honchar), 288, 291
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 8,
179-180, 287
Chain Reaction (Yavorivsky),
319-320
Chazov, Yevgenii, 246
Chebrikov, Viktor, xiii, 13, 176
Cheliabinsk-40 (Ozersk) nuclear
accident, 145, 173-175, 220,
233, 250, 251
Chernenko, Konstantin, 9, 13
Chernobyl (Chornobyl)
history of, 27—31
origin of name, 27
See also Chernobyl accident
(in nuclear reactor No. 4);
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone;
Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant; Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts;
nuclear accidents/meltdowns
Chernobyl-2, 242
Chernobyl accident (nuclear reactor
No. 4), xii, 11-12, 31,34,
36, 169 (drawing)
as beginning of Soviet collapse,
xv—xvi, 248
biblical prophecy and, 27, 208,
324
Blix visit to, 241—245
causes of, xvi, 106—107, 113, 118,
121, 125, 126, 129, 161-162,
253-259, 260-264, 270,
271-279, 277, 278, 320-328,
346, 347-348
Index
391
censorship/concealment of,
xiii—xiv, 2, 3, 116, 140,
173-175, 180, 233-234, 242,
246- 248, 261, 262, 288,
309-310, 316, 320-328,
348 (see also under nuclear
accidents/meltdowns;
radiatlon/radiation levels/
radioactive contamination)
criticism of Soviet handling of,
234-238, 238-239
decontamination efforts (See
Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts)
East-West propaganda war over,
233-248
European tours to, 345
explosions, fear of additional,
197-198, 204, 206, 210,
211-212
fear of radioactive poisoning of
underground waters and the
world s oceans (see China
syndrome)
foreign journalists visit site of,
239-244
health impact of, xiv (see also
radiation sickness)
openness/breaking silence on,
175-176, 176-178,
179-180, 182, 196,
247- 248, 269-270, 280,
311, 328
reactions to news of, 100—106,
121-123, 138-139, 180
Ukrainian parliamentary
commission on consequences
of, 188, 316, 318, 320-328
See also Chernobyl Nuclear Power
Plant; Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts;
nuclear reactor Nos. 1, 2,
3, 5, 6 (Chernobyl); nuclear
reactors
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, xi—xii, 61,
165-166, 195, 196, 320, 345
See also radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination;
settlement/resettlement
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
See also Chernobyl accident
(nuclear reactor No. 4)
Chernobyl radiation decontamination
efforts, 217-229
efforts to seal (or bury) damaged
reactor and, 133, 157—165,
166, 167, 176, 204, 206,
223, 346
human resources mobilized for,
219- 222, 224-225
liquidators and, 218, 219,
220- 221, 225, 229, 309,
310, 339
Chernobyl Shelter Fund, 341
China, 8, 332-333, 347
The China Syndrome (film), 204—205
China syndrome (radioactive
poisoning of underground
waters and the worlds
oceans), 204—205, 207—210,
212, 216, 223, 239, 243
Chornobyl. See Chernobyl
Chugunov, Vladimir, 110—111
Chyhyryn Nuclear Power Plant, 293,
298
climate change, 49—50
Clinton, Bill, 333-334, 335
Cold War, 16
commission of the USSR State
Committee for the
Supervision on Safety in
Industry and Nuclear Power,
321
Communist Party, xiv, xv, 8, 13—14,
20, 36, 121, 123, 129, 196,
201, 255, 268, 285, 305, 306,
307, 312, 315, 322, 324, 351
Ukraine independence and,
317-319
Communist Party Congress. See
Twenty-seventh Communist
Party Congress
392
Index
Communist Party congresses, 7—8, 14
Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, 286
Congress of People s Deputies,
304-306, 312-313, 314
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance countries in
Eastern Europe, 257
Council of Ministers, 259
coup of August 1991, 317—319
Crimea, 333
Czechoslovakia, 40
Dahl, Birgitta, 2, 175-176
D Avignon, Tania, 287
Davletbaev, Razim, 79—80, 82—83,
85,105
democratic reform, 294, 302—303,
317-318
Denmark, 2, 179
Diatlov, Anatolii, 34, 46—47, 72—73,
75-80, 227, 326
assessment of Chernobyl disaster
and, 103-106, 109-110
attempts to prevent radiation
from spreading and, 107—109
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272, 274-275, 276-278, 280
radiation sickness and, 109, 110,
118, 145, 147, 274-275, 321
tests programs and timetable and,
77, 81-82, 83
Diatlova, Isabella, 73
dissidents
Kyiv rally and, 190, 285—287,
296-298, 303
nuclear energy and, 285—299
Ukrainian writers as, 285,
289-291, 294, 295-296
See also activism/activists
Dniprodzerzhynsk (Kamianske), 312
Dobrynin, Anatolii, 177
Dolgikh, Vladimir, 164, 176—177,
177-178, 257, 259
Dollezhal, Nikolai, 18, 49-50, 50-51,
253-254
Drach, Ivan, 195, 291—293, 294, 297,
299, 304, 316, 320
Drach, Maksym, 195, 292
Durdynets, Vasyl, 139
Eastern Europe, 235, 334
EBRD. See European Bank for
Reconstruction and
Development
eco-imperialism, 305
eco-nationalism, 305, 314, 316, 323,
328, 330, 331
ecological activism/activists. See
activism/activists; dissidents
economy, 8—9, 9—10, 44, 334—
338. See also political
and economy reform;
socioeconomic development
Edwards, Mike, 286
Egypt, 237, 347
Enerhodar, 342
Environmental Protection Agency
(United States), 179
Europe, 210, 333, 337, 345
European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD),
334, 336,337-338, 341
European Commission, 338
European Union, 335, 336
evacuation, 115, 123, 127, 128, 132,
133, 134-135, 137-155,
166-167, 198-202, 234
of animals, 198, 199—200, 202
of exclusion zone, 192—194,
201-202
of Kyiv, 211—215
people choosing to stay behind
and, 154
resettlement and (see settlement/
resettlement)
Far East, 336
Federation of American Scientists,
209
Fedulenko, Valentyn, 163—164, 166,
167, 254
Index
393
Finland, 2, 179, 237, 260, 337
firefighters, 143, 145, 147, 219, 229
Fomin, Nikolai, 53, 65, 68-69, 73,
76-77, 125, 138, 321, 326
as defendant in Chernobyl trial,
272, 274-275, 276, 278, 280
foreign journalists, 239—244
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant, 1,
175-176
France, 234-235, 236, 332-333, 337
French Revolution, 28
Fronin, Vladimir, 181-182
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant disaster, 346, 348
Gale, Robert Peter, 243, 244,
245-246
Gates, Bill, 348
Gazin, Sergei, 106
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 234
Germany, 236, 337
glasnost, or openness, xv, xvi,
247-248, 263, 286, 289,
299,310,311
Godunov, Boris, 7
Gorbachev, Mikhail, xvi, 17, 23, 37,
44, 187, 265, 290
acceleration of social and
economic development
(uskorenie)y 9—10, 21, 59
alcoholism/anti-alcohol campaign
and, 10—11, 60
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
164-165, 176
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 255-259, 324
breaking silence on Chernobyl
accident by, 176—178, 182
causes of Chernobyl accident and,
263-264
censorship/concealment of
radiation levels and, 186,
188, 233-234, 242, 310
Chernobyl speech by, 233—234,
244
Communist Party and, 317—318
Congress of Peoples Deputies
and, 304-305, 312
coup of August 1991 and, 317
criticism of handling of
Chernobyl accident by,
234- 238, 238-239
democratic reform and, 302—303,
317-318
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 213, 214-215
as general secretary of the party,
8-9, 20-21, 307
glasnost, or openness, and, xv,
xvi, 247-248, 263, 287, 288,
293, 296, 299, 310, 311
lack of resources and technology
to match SDI and, 15—16
Legasov and, 279, 280
nuclear arms control and, 15—16
nuclear test ban and, 244, 247
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident and,
247-248
people of Kyiv angry at, 244—245
perestroika and, 9—10, 21, 256,
280, 286, 289, 299, 303
Politburo meeting on coping
with Chernobyl accident,
205-206
political and economic reform
and, 9-10, 14, 281, 295, 299,
302-303, 304-305, 310,
314, 331-333
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 256—260
Reagan and, 9, 178, 180,
235- 236, 244, 245
report on economic and social
development to Communist
Party Congress and, 8—9,
13-16, 20-21
Rukh and, 303—304
visit to Chernobyl plant by, 301
Gorbacheva, Raisa, 301
Great Britain, 235, 237, 238, 332, 347
394
Index
Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of
World War II), 29-31,60,
62, 269-270
Great Ukraine Famine (aka
Holodomor), 29, 31, 40—41,
202
Green Party, 337
Green World, 296, 305-306, 315, 331
Greenpeace International, 340
Gromyko, Andrei, 177
Group of Seven (G-7), 236, 244, 334,
335, 341
Gubarev, Vladimir, 309
Guskova, Angelina, 145, 147, 149,
226-227, 246
Hammer, Armand, 245—246
Harriman Institute for Advanced
Study of the Soviet Union
(Columbia University), 247
helicopter pilots, 126, 128, 132—133,
150, 157-161, 163-166, 190,
204, 219, 221, 241-243, 251,
252, 270, 346
Hello, Prypiat (Levada), 290
Helsinki Final Act, 295
Hiroshima, 118, 244, 320, 339
Hladush, Ivan, 138-139, 140-141,
154
Holocaust, 29—30, 31
Holodomor (Great Ukraine Famine),
29, 31, 40-41, 202
Honchar, Oles, 183, 188, 288, 289,
294, 298, 303-304, 320
hospitals, 118, 145, 147-149, 225,
240
human rights, 286, 299
Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, 305,
314
Ihnatenko, Liudmyla, 93, 95,
99-100, 144, 148, 225-226,
228-229
Ihnatenko, Vasyl, 93—94, 95, 99—100,
144, 147, 148, 225-226,
228-229
Ilin, Leonid, 212-214
India, 237, 347
Institute of Biological Physics, 145,
213
Institute of Nuclear Energy, 16, 17,
18, 161, 163
Institute of the USA and Canada, 243
International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), 2, 224, 236, 241,
260-261, 263
Vienna conference on Chernobyl
accident, 260-264, 280
International Commission on
Radiological Protection, 229
International Women s Day, 23, 38
Iraq, 237
Italy, 234, 236
lunost (Youth), 294
Izrael, Yurii, 191, 212-214
Izvestiia (News), 307—308, 309
Japan, 236, 336
Kachalovsky, Yevhen, 240
Kachura, Borys, 211, 212, 219
Kaganovich, Lazar, 29, 32
Kaganovychi-1 (Khabne), 29
Kaganovychi-2 (Kabany), 29
Kalugin, Aleksandr, 254
Karpan, Nikolai, 272
Karpenko, Vitalii, 309—310
Kazachkov, Igor, 69—70, 72
Kazakhstan, 296
KGB, 46, 71, 116, 176, 182-183, 187,
189, 196, 212, 313, 316
concealment of Chernobyl
accident by, 188, 205, 236,
310,320
coup of August 1991 and,
317-319
dissidents and, 285, 286, 287,
288-289, 295, 297-298
evacuation and, 154—155
foreigner journalists visit site of
Chernobyl accident and,
240
Index
395
radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination
and, 141-142, 154-155, 183,
194-195, 201, 237-238
report on Chernobyl design/
construction problems by,
51-53
Rukh and, 303-304
Khamianov, Leonid, 133
Kharitonova, Liudmila, 150
Khmel, Hryhorii, 98—99
Khmel, Petro, 98—99
Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant,
315-316, 336, 339
Khodemchuk, Valerii, 108
Khrushchev, Nikita, 7, 8, 14, 18, 268,
293, 306
Kibenok, Tetiana, 144
Kibenok, Viktor, 93-94, 95-96, 144,
147, 225, 226, 228
Kirshenbaum, Igor, 82—83, 108
Kommunist, 49
Komsomol (Young Communist
League), 60
Koniev, Serhii, 312
Kopachi, 31-32
Koriakin, lu. L, 49
Korobeinikov, Vladimir, 113, 117
Korotych, Vitalii, 309
Kotsiubynska, Mykhailyna, 286
Kotsiubynsky, Mykhailo, 286
Kovalenko, Oleksii, 272
Kovalenko, Valentyna, 159
Kovalev, Anatolii, 237, 238
Kovalevskaia, Liubov (pseud. L.
Stanislavskaia), 45—46,
55-56, 117-118, 153, 168
Krasno, 199-201
Kravchuk, Leonid, 318—319, 323,
325
Kriuchkov, Vladimir, 317
Kucherenko, Vasyl, 139
Kuchma, Leonid, 331—334, 335, 337,
338
Kudriavtsev, Aleksandr, 104,
106-107, 108
Kurchatov, Igor, 17—18
Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy,
48, 130, 253-254, 260, 267,
268, 270, 271, 279, 321
Kurnosov, Vladimir, 250
Kyiv, 135
anger at Gorbachev by people of,
244-245
evacuation of, 211—212
evacuation of children from,
212-215
foreign journalists visit to,
239-244
foreign students, ambassadors,
and tourists leaving,
237-238
May Day demonstration in,
183-190, 203, 326
Kyiv rally, 190, 285-287, 296-298,
303
Kyiv—Prypiat highway, 24, 26
Kyïvs’kapravda (Kyiv Truth), 45
Kyzyma, Vasyl, 39-46, 51-53, 62
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 124-126
Laushkin, Yurii, 272
Legasov, Valerii, 130-132, 134-135,
190, 215, 219, 238, 267-271,
288
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 159,
161-163, 164,165
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by,
269- 270, 280
Politburo meeting on coping with
Chernobyl accident and,
205-206
radiation sickness and, 218,
270- 271
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 259—260,
262
report on causes of Chernobyl
accident by, 260—264
396
Index
Legasov, Valerii (continued)
on safety of nuclear reactors,
268-269, 270
suicide attempts and death of,
271, 279-281
“The Legend of Polisia” (Drach),
292
Lenin, Vladimir, 7, 8, 21, 27, 59, 60,
147, 186, 245, 291, 345
Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant
(Sosnovyi bor), 47, 66—67,
84
Leonid, Rev., 199-201
Levada, Oleksandr, 290—291
Levada, Yurii, 290
Liashko, Oleksandr, 186—187, 190,
223, 240-241, 324
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 322
criminal charges against,
327-328
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212, 213
lack of understanding about
danger of Chernobyl
accident, 190—192
mobilization of transport
facilities for evacuation and,
140-141
order to begin evacuation and,
137-138, 140-142
rising radiation levels and,
194-195
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 191, 192
Ukrainian commission on
Chernobyl Accident, 194,
195
on Yavorivsky, 326—327
Liashko commission. See Ukrainian
commission on Chernobyl
Accident
Ligachev, Yegor, 177, 190, 193-194,
197, 257
liquidators, 218, 219, 220—221, 225,
229, 309, 310, 339
Literaturna Ukraïna (Literary
Ukraine), 304, 309
Lithuania, 305, 314
Liutov, Mikhail, 112—113
Lubomirska, Rozalia, 28
Lukianenko, Levko, 318—319
The Madonna of Chernobyl (Drach),
292
Maiak (Beacon) nuclear plant, 250
Maidan, 287
Maiorets, Anatolii, 20, 43, 122, 125,
132, 142, 217, 261
censorship/concealment of
nuclear accidents by, 53
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 122-123
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 123—124,
126-129, 190-191
Makar, Ivan, 297—298
Makhno, Nestor, 307
Maksymovychi, 168
Makukhin, Aleksei, 50, 123
Malomuzh, Volodymyr, 113, 115—116
Manhattan Project, 17, 209
Mao Zedong, 7
Maria with Wormwood at the End of
the Century (Yavorivsky),
320
Marin, Vladimir, 124—125, 125-126
Masol, Vitalii, 193, 211, 215, 313
May Day parade, 183, 184—188,203,
326
media (Soviet Union), 88
censorship/concealment of
nuclear accidents by,
173-175, 307-310
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by,
175-176, 178, 182, 247-248
media (United States)
coverage of Chernobyl accident
by, 181-182, 188
glasnost, or openness, and,
247-248
Index
397
Medvedev, Grigorii, 33, 50—31, 54,
217-218
Meshkov, Aleksandr, 157—158, 254,
257, 259, 263
Metlenko, Hennadii, 78, 83
Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, 305
military
radiation decontamination efforts
and, 219-222
sarcophagus building and,
251-253
military-industrial complex, 16, 19,
47, 347
Ministry of Energy and
Electrification, 13, 19, 20,
43, 47,50, 54, 69, 123, 130,
157, 158, 217
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 236—237,
238, 239, 326
Ministry of Health, 145, 194, 195,
210, 296,310
Ministry of Medium Machine
Building, 17, 18, 19, 47, 130,
157, 259
Ministry of the Interior, 312, 326
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 297
Morozova, Natalia, 187—188
Motovilov, B. N., 133
Mukha, Stepan, 183, 196, 240
Naboka, Serhii, 295, 296, 299
Nagasaki, 118, 320, 339
Narodychi, 306, 308, 311—313
National Geographic, 286, 287
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Naumov, Vladimir, 224—225
Neporozhny, Petro, 33
Netishyn, 315—316
New York Times, 179, 182, 240
Nigeria, 237
Nineteenth Communist Party
Conference, 295, 310—311
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 15, 179, 242
Norway, 2, 238
Novarka consortium, 341—342
Novikov, Aleksandr, 338
Novyi mir (New World), 311
nuclear accidents/meltdowns, 52, 53,
63, 68, 173-175, 307-310
breakdowns and other faults in
United States and, 182
at Fukushima nuclear plant,
346
at Leningrad plant (RBMK
reactor), 66—68
in Ozersk (code name
Cheliabinsk-40), 173-175,
220, 233, 250, 251
at Three Mile Island, 49, 131,
182, 255
nuclear arms control, 15—16
nuclear arsenals, Soviet-era, countries
giving up, 332-333
“Nuclear Energy: Achievements and
Problems” (Dollezhal and
Koriakin), 49—50
nuclear industry, reform of,
258-259
nuclear nationalism, 330, 349
nuclear power plants
climate change and, 49—50
danger of terrorist attacks
against, 348
location of, 19, 20, 49, 50
See also nuclear reactors
nuclear reactor No. 1 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31, 65
accident (1982) and, 51—53, 68
closing of, 329—330. 337
nuclear reactor No. 2 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31, 34, 65, 68, 97
closing of, 329-330, 337
nuclear reactor No. 3 (Chernobyl),
11-12, 31,34, 36, 45, 65,
66, 68, 86, 91, 94-95, 222
closing of, 329—330, 337—338
spread of fire to, 107, 108
nuclear reactor No. 4 (Chernobyl). See
Chernobyl accident (nuclear
reactor No. 4)
398
Index
nuclear reactor No. 5 (Chernobyl), 15,
39, 60, 126
breach of technical specifications
in construction of, 52—53, 55
construction of, 31, 43—46
nuclear reactor No. 6 (Chernobyl), 15
nuclear reactors
different types of, 19, 47—49, 50,
51,65 (see also RBMK)
safety of, 268—269, 270, 316,
334, 342, 347
See also Chernobyl accident
(nuclear reactor No. 4);
nuclear reactors (Chernobyl);
nuclear reactors (Soviet
Union); nuclear reactors
(United states); nuclear
reactors Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
(Chernobyl)
nuclear reactors (Chernobyl), 47—49,
50, 65, 91
radioactive leaks in, 54—55,
62—63
shutdowns and, 64—69
See also nuclear reactor Nos. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, and 6
nuclear reactors (Soviet Union),
18-20, 50-51
shutdowns, 64—69
nuclear reactors (United States), 48,
49, 131
nuclear weapons, 17
nonproliferation of nuclear arms
and, 333, 348
October Revolution, 287
Ogonek (Little Light), 309
Oliinyk, Borys, 293-294, 298, 311
Orlov, Yurii, 268
Orthodox Jews, 28—29, 29—30, 31
Ozersk nuclear accident (code name
Cheliabinsk-40), 173-175,
220,233,250,251
Pakistan, 347
Palace of Congresses, Moscow, 7—8, 13
Palazhchenko, Pavel, 244
Parashin, Sergei, 109-110, 113, 114,
115, 125, 335
People s Council, 315, 318
perestroika, 9—10, 21, 256, 280, 286,
289, 299, 303, 307, 309,
316
Perevozchenko, Valerii, 109
Petrov, G. N., 116—117
Pikalov, Vladimir, 165, 191, 192
Pliushch, Ivan, 134, 135, 325-327
plutonium-239, xii
Poland, 235
Polish Solidarity, 298
Politburo, 31, 176, 182-183
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 253—259
consumer goods shortages and,
87-88
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212—213, 214
meeting on coping with
Chernobyl accident by,
205-206
sarcophagus of reactor No. 4 and,
249-253
spread of radiation to other
countries and, 177—178
27th Communist Party Congress
and, 13, 16, 21
political activism. See activism/
activists; dissidents
political and economic reform,
9-10, 14, 281, 295, 299,
302-303, 304-305, 310, 314,
331—333. See also economy;
socioeconomic development
Polushkin, Konstantin, 128—129,
163-164
Pompeii, xii—xiii
Potebenko, Mykhailo, 325
Prague Spring, 302
Prapor peremohy (Flag of Victory), 61,
195
Pravda (Truth), 182, 184-185, 194,
218, 239, 243, 279, 309
Index
399
Pravyk, Nadiika, 88—89, 90, 95, 100,
143
Pravyk, Natalka, 89, 100, 143
Pravyk, Volodymyr
death of, 112, 225, 226, 228
as firefighter, 88-90, 91-92,
94-95
radiation sickness and, 95—96,
98, 100, 143, 144-145, 147
Problems of Peace and Socialism, 50
Proskuriakov, Viktor, 104, 106—107,
108, 227
Prushinsky, Boris, 128—129, 132
Prypiat, xi, xii—xiii, 35-38, 289, 290
evacuation by residents of,
142-143
evacuation from villages
surrounding, 137—155
housing shortages in, 35—36, 37
radiation sickness in, 117—118
Red Forest (Scotch pines turning
red) in, 202, 221
Pryshchepa, Volodymyr, 92—93
Putin, Vladimir, 333
radar system (aka Duga, or Arch), xii,
241-242
radiation sickness, xiv, 95—100, 104,
108, 109, 110, 111-112, 116,
117-118, 143-144, 176, 206,
218, 270-271, 274-275, 321,
325, 354
acute radiation syndrome and,
145-147, 229, 271, 321,
339-340
bone-marrow transplants and,
246
cancer among children and,
340
liquidators and, 217, 218, 219,
220-221, 225, 229, 309,
310, 339
patients moved to hospital and,
147—149
treatment, 143—144, 144—145,
166,245-246
See also radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination
radiation/radiation level /radioactive
contamination, xii, xv—xvi,
54-55, 62-63, 108, 112-118,
122-124,127-129, 132, 262,
308-314
agricultural products and,
196-197
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 133,
157-165, 166, 167, 176, 204,
206
censorship/concealment of, 140,
173-175, 184-188, 195-196,
242, 309 (see also under
Chernobyl accident)
children and pregnant women
and, 210, 309
decontamination efforts (see
Chernobyl radiation
decontamination efforts)
draining radioactive water under
reactor to prevent new
explosions and, 206—207
in exclusion zone, 165—166, 197
ignoring of, 152—153
impact and measurements and,
353-354
KGB and, 141-142, 154-155,
183, 201, 237-238
in Kyiv, 155, 168, 169, 182-183,
184-188, 189-190, 210,
236-237, 237-238
liquidators and, 218, 219,
220-221,225, 229, 309,
310, 339
long-term health consequences
of, 343
from Ozersk accident, 175
radioactive graphite and, 86,
112-113, 125, 126, 129,
162-163, 180, 222
radioactive zones and number
of hours considered safe to
spend in, 166—167
400
Index
radiation/radiation level/radioactive
contamination (continued)
Red Forest (Scotch pines turned
red) and, 202, 221
spreading to other cities and
countries, 155, 168, 169,
175, 177-178, 179, 180-181,
182-183, 184, 189-190, 210,
234- 238, 239
spreading to settlement/
resettlement areas, 166, 167,
168-169, 192, 308-310
See also Chernobyl Exclusion
Zone; radiation
decontamination efforts;
radiation sickness;
settlement/resettlement
Radio Liberty, 188, 286
Raikin, Arkadii, 18
Ral, Heorhii, 188
Ratushinskaia, Irina Borisovna, 287
Raymer, Steve, 286
RBMK (High Power Channel
Reactor), 18—19, 48—49,
50-51, 52, 71, 121, 128, 131,
163, 249, 267, 269, 270
design/construction problems,
66, 68, 84, 256-260, 261,
262, 277, 278, 280, 321-322,
348
shutdown of all, 304
Reagan, Ronald, xii, 8, 88
on Chernobyl disaster, 27
criticism of Soviet handling
of Chernobyl accident by,
235- 236, 246-247
Gorbachev and, 9, 178, 180,
235-236, 244, 245
Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star
Wars”) and, 15
Red Forest, 202, 221
Red Saturday, 59
Research and Development Institute
of Power Engineering, 18,
253
Revenko, Hryhorii, 37, 240
Revolution of Dignity, 345
Rexes (young construction workers
from the villages), 42, 60
Rivne Nuclear Power Plant, 315, 336,
339
Robespierre, Maximilien de, 28
Robinson, Cliff, 1, 175
Roentgen, Wilhelm, 108
Rogozhkin, Boris, 102, 103, 106, 272
Romanchenko, Lidia, 149—150
Romanenko, Anatolii, 195, 196, 210,
213, 324
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 332
Rosen, Morris, 241, 242, 243
Rudnia Ososhnia, 308
Rukh, 293, 297-298, 303-305, 315,
316, 319, 320, 328, 341
closing of Chernobyl plant and,
305
democratic reform and, 294, 318
environmental issues and,
305-306
Ukraine independence and, 318
Russia (Russian Federation), 328, 332,
337, 338, 342
aggression in Ukraine by, 24,
333, 342
losses related to Chernobyl
accident by, 339—341
nuclear reactors under
construction in, 347
Russian Revolution, 268
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 130, 135, 185, 190,
204, 209, 260, 264-265,
280, 322, 326
censorship/concealment of
Chernobyl accident by, 173
at Communist Party Congress,
19
evacuation and, 141, 154,
191-193
exclusion zones and, 191—193,
197
openness/breaking silence on
Chernobyl accident by, 178,
182
Index
401
reaction to news of Chernobyl
accident by, 122
spread of radiation to other
countries and, 177—178
Sajudis (Lithuanian popular front), 305
Sakharov, Andrei, 268
Salhanyk, Khem, 225
Sanders, Jonathan, 247
sarcophagus of nuclear reactor No.
4, 249-253, 264, 266, 301,
302, 335
construction of new shelter over,
341-342, 343, 349
New Safe Confinement Project,
342, 345
Savinov, Yurii, 251
Scandinavia, 179
Schmemann, Serge, 179, 182
SCRAM (Safety Control Rods
Activation Mechanism), 63,
67
SDI. See Strategic Defense Initiative
Shadrin, Yurii, 277
Sharikov, Boris, 325
Shasharin, Gennadii, 257
at accident site, 124—125
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and,
157-158, 160, 162
state commission on Chernobyl
accident and, 125-128, 132
Shashenok, Volodymyr, 103, 105—106,
167
Shavrei, Ivan, 90, 91, 95, 97—98
Shavrei, Leonid, 90, 91—93, 94, 95,
97-98, 143-144
Shavrei, Petr, 90, 97-98
Shcherbak, Yurii, xv, 294-296, 298,
305-306, 311, 312, 331-332
Shcherban, Oleksandr, 31
Shcherbina, Boris, 127, 142, 182, 199,
209, 238, 259, 322
attempts to seal (or bury)
damaged reactor and, 158,
160, 161, 163, 165
causes of Chernobyl accident and,
254
as chairman of state commission
on Chernobyl accident, 123,
129-135
evacuation and, 134—135, 154,
212-213
exclusion zone and, 165—166
radiation sickness and, 204, 206
Shcherbina commission. See state
commission on Chernobyl
accident
Shcherbytska, Rada, 186
Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr, 11, 31, 32,
33, 39-40, 168, 183, 184,
186-187, 190, 237, 255, 289,
298-299, 313, 322
criminal charges against,
327-328
evacuation of children from Kyiv
and, 212-215
Rukh and, 303—304
Shelest, Petro, 31
Shevchenko, Oles, 295, 296, 299
Shevchenko, Taras, 265, 307
Shevchenko, Valentyna, 140, 168—169,
184, 186-187, 213-214, 215,
324, 327-328
Shevchuk, I. Z., 286
Shishkin, Vladimir, 126
Shmakov, Valerii, 161
Shumak, Anatolii, 189
Shushkevich, Stanislau, 323
Shushunova, Elena, 88
Silaev, Ivan, 206, 208, 209, 210, 218,
223
Simonov, Konstantin, 267
Sitnikov, Anatolii, 110—111
Skazochnyi (scout camp), 167
Skliarov, Vitalii, 222
Slavsky, Yefim, 17-19,48, 130-131,
157, 186
blame for Chernobyl accident
and, 256, 259, 261, 263
design of RBMK reactor and, 18,
19, 130
402
Index
Slavsky, Yefim (continued)
as head of Ministry of Medium
Machine Building, 17, 18,
19, 47, 249
RBMK design/construction
problems and, 256—260,
261
resignation and retirement of,
264—266
sarcophagus of reactor No. 4 and,
249-253
Sloviansk Nuclear Power Plant, 24,
25-26
Slutsky, Boris, 268
Smagin, Viktor, 111—113, 118,
144-145
Snyko, Vasyl, 193—194
socioeconomic development, 9—10,
13-16, 21, 59, 328—329.
also economy; political and
economic reform
Sokolov, Yevgenii, 313
Soloviev, R. L., 44
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 287
Sosnovyi Bor nuclear power station.
See Leningrad nuclear power
plant
Soviet Academy of Sciences, 16, 18,
123, 163, 254, 256, 259,
264, 266, 267, 280
Soviet dissidents. See dissidents
Soviet Life, 53
Soviet Union
alcoholism in, 10—11, 60
collapse of, xv—xvi, 248, 342
consumer goods shortages in,
87-88, 302
coup of August 1991 and,
317-319
economic problems in, 8—9, 14,
257
economic reform (see political
and economic reform)
food shortages in, 10, 36, 302
US embargoes on sale of
technologies to, 16
Speakes, Larry, 180-181, 246
Stalin, Joseph, 8, 13, 29, 44, 158, 205,
233, 268
“Star Wars” Strategic Defense
Initiative, xii
state commission on Chernobyl
accident (aka Shcherbina
commission), 121, 123—129,
142, 166, 190-192, 194,
198, 201, 206, 222, 223,
259-260, 270, 322, 327
causes of accident and, 121, 254
lack of organization by, 217—218
meeting on how to shut down
reactor and, 129-135
State Committee for Science and
Technology, 259
State Committee on Hydrology and
Meteorology, 213
Stechanka, 61
Stokotelna, Olha, 286
Strakholissia, 202
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI;
“Star Wars”), 15-16
Sverstiuk, Yevhen, 286, 287
Sweden, 1, 2, 175-176, 179, 188
Swedish Radiation Safety
Authority, 2
Synko, Vasyl, 198-199, 200-201, 202
Tarakanov, Nikolai, 222
Tarashcha Raion, 40
Tashkent, 24, 25
TASS (Soviet news agency), 176, 179,
182, 239
Teliatnikov, Leonid, 89—90, 94—95,
97, 98, 107
Terasaki, Paul, 243, 244
TerraPower Company, 348
Thatcher, Margaret, 9
Thomas, Lee, 179
Three Mile Island nuclear accident,
49, 131, 182, 255
Time magazine, 235
Tkachenko, Oleksandr, 197
Tomsk-7 nuclear power station, 65
Index
403
Toptunov, Leonid, 78, 80-81, 83,
103, 108, 273
radiation sickness and, 111—112,
118, 144, 145, 147
Tov, Baal Shem, 28
Trehub, Yurii, 71-73, 77-78, 78-79,
80-81, 85, 106, 107
Tribuna ênergetika (Tribune of the
Energy Worker), 40, 45—46,
53, 55, 59, 60, 61
Tversky, Rabbi Menachen Nachum,
28
Twenty-seventh Communist Party
Congress, 7-21, 23, 38, 52,
122, 196, 235-236, 295
Ukraine, xvi, 11
activism (.see activism/activists;
dissidents)
economy, 328—329, 331, 334
famine (aka Holodomor), 29, 31,
40-41, 202
losses related to Chernobyl
accident by, 339
post-Chernobyl social welfare
laws defining status of
disaster victims and, 328,
329
radiation in, 239, 339 (see also
radiation/radiation level/
radioactive contamination)
refusal to shut down Chernobyl
plant for economic reasons
in, 334—338
return to use of nuclear energy
by, 329-330
Russian aggression toward, 24,
333, 342
Western assistance in completing
the construction of two
reactors in, 336—337, 339,
341
Ukrainian commission on Chernobyl
accident (aka Liashko
commission), 194-195,
196-197, 223, 239, 316
Ukrainian Cultural Club, 289,
295-296
Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 286, 295
Ukrainian independence, 317—319,
321, 323
Ukrainian Institute for Nuclear
Research, 185
Ukrainian leadership
Chernobyl accident and, 137—142
Ukrainian parliamentary commission
on consequences of
Chernobyl accident (aka
Yavorivsky commission),
188, 316, 318, 320-328, 329
Ukrainian Research Institute at
Harvard University, 287
United Arab Emirates, 347
United Kingdom, 236
United Nations, 340
United Nations Committee on the
Effects of Nuclear Radiation,
213
United Press International, 181, 240
United States, 8, 203, 260
coverage of Chernobyl accident
in, Soviet anger over, 181
criticism of Soviet handling of
Chernobyl accident by, 234,
235-236, 237, 238, 244
financial assistance and security
assurances to Ukraine in
return for giving up nuclear
arsenal and, 332
Manhattan Project and, 17
offer of assistance by, 180, 182,
246
reaction to Soviet concealment of
Chernobyl accident by, 174,
177, 179-180, 246-247
Three Mile Island nuclear
accident in, 49, 131, 182, 255
uskorenie (acceleration of social and
economic development),
9-10, 21, 59. also
socioeconomic development
Uskov, Arkadii, 111—113, 227
404
Index
Vechirnii Kyiv (Evening Kyiv), 309
Velikhov, Yevgenii, 223, 241, 242,
243, 244-243, 269, 321
China syndrome and,
208-210, 216
sacrificing (or counting) lives
and, 217-218
Vienna conference on Chernobyl
accident (IAEA),
260-264
Vilche, 160
Vinci Construction Grands Projects,
341-342
Voice of America, 188, 286
Volodarka Raion, 40-41
Von Hippel, Frank, 209
Vorobev, Serafim, 113—115, 127,
139-140, 141
Vorobev, Yevgenii, 134
Vremia (Time), 176, 256
Vrublevsky, Vitalii, 11
Warsaw Pact, 15
West Germany, 234, 244
Western countries, assistance to
Ukraine by, 334—338,
341
Western Europe, 234—238
Westinghouse Electric Company,
342
Whitington, Luther, 181, 240—241
World Bank, 334
World Health Organization, 340
World War II, 29-31, 60, 62,
269-270
Writers’ Union (Ukraine), 55, 285,
289-291, 291-296, 297,
298, 304
Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 9, 177, 256
Yaroshynska, Alla, 306—310,
311-313
Yavorivsky, Volodymyr, 318—319,
319- 328
as chairman of Ukrainian
parliamentary commission
on Chernobyl, 188, 316, 318,
320- 328
from nuclear enthusiast to
antinuclear activism,
319-320
Yavorivsky commission. See
Ukrainian parliamentary
commission on consequences
of Chernobyl accident
Yeltsin, Boris, 21, 206, 317-318, 323,
331
Yesaulov, Aleksandr, 147—148,
148-149, 151-152, 167
Young Communist League
(Komosol), 159
Zaiko, Yakiv, 307
Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant,
62-63, 342
Zapredel (Beyond All Norms;
documentary), 312
Zgursky, Valentyn, 185—186
Zhuravlev, Dmitrii, 219
Zhytomyr, 307-308, 311-312, 313
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Plokhy, Serhii 1957- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)12483017X |
| author_facet | Plokhy, Serhii 1957- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Plokhy, Serhii 1957- |
| author_variant | s p sp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044980666 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TK1362 |
| callnumber-raw | TK1362.U38 |
| callnumber-search | TK1362.U38 |
| callnumber-sort | TK 41362 U38 |
| callnumber-subject | TK - Electrical and Nuclear Engineering |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8294 MK 5215 MK 2400 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1039164016 (DE-599)BVBBV044980666 |
| dewey-full | 363.17/99094777 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
| dewey-raw | 363.17/99094777 |
| dewey-search | 363.17/99094777 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.17 899094777 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie Politologie Geschichte |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1986-2017 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1986-2017 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Tschernobyl (DE-588)4127036-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschernobyl |
| id | DE-604.BV044980666 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:06:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781541617094 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017056459 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030373048 |
| oclc_num | 1039164016 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 DE-210 |
| physical | xvi, 404 Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Basic Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Plokhy, Serhii 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)12483017X aut Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe Serhii Plokhy First edition New York Basic Books May 2018 xvi, 404 Seiten, 10 ungezählte Seiten Bildtafeln Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1986-2017 gnd rswk-swf Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 Nuclear power plants Accidents Ukraine Chornobylʹ Nuclear energy Political aspects Reaktorunfall (DE-588)4195666-7 gnd rswk-swf Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschernobyl (DE-588)4127036-8 gnd rswk-swf Tschernobyl (DE-588)4127036-8 g Reaktorunfall (DE-588)4195666-7 s Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 s Geschichte 1986-2017 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-5416-1708-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Plokhy, Serhii, 1957- author Chernobyl First edition New York : Basic Books, [2018] 9781541617087 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000006&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Plokhy, Serhii 1957- Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 Nuclear power plants Accidents Ukraine Chornobylʹ Nuclear energy Political aspects Reaktorunfall (DE-588)4195666-7 gnd Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4195666-7 (DE-588)4447164-6 (DE-588)4127036-8 |
| title | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe |
| title_auth | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe |
| title_exact_search | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe |
| title_full | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe Serhii Plokhy |
| title_fullStr | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe Serhii Plokhy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe Serhii Plokhy |
| title_short | Chernobyl |
| title_sort | chernobyl the history of a nuclear catastrophe |
| title_sub | the history of a nuclear catastrophe |
| topic | Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 Nuclear power plants Accidents Ukraine Chornobylʹ Nuclear energy Political aspects Reaktorunfall (DE-588)4195666-7 gnd Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 Nuclear power plants Accidents Ukraine Chornobylʹ Nuclear energy Political aspects Reaktorunfall Katastrophenmanagement Tschernobyl |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030373048&sequence=000006&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT plokhyserhii chernobylthehistoryofanuclearcatastrophe |
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