Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921: the reconstruction of Poland
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | The greater war 1912-1923
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | 253 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780198794486 0198794487 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178545413455872 |
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations and Maps xi
Introduction 1
The Flawed Popular Narrative 3
A Story Untold 8
Directions for the Reader 12
1. Nations, States, and Conflict in Central Europe 14
The Historical Setting 15
Remaking the Polish Nation and State 19
Who Is In and Who Is Out? 27
2. How to Mobilize the Polish Nation 33
The Pros and Cons of Armed Struggle for Independence 33
“Polish” Armed Formations Prior to Independence 38
Poles Fighting under Imperial Flags 45
Building the Polish Army 51
3. The Central European Civil War 59
A Civil War 60
A Point of Reference: Paramilitary Violence in Southeastern Europe,
1918-21 66
1: The Eastern Theatre 70
2: The Western Theatre 95
3: Trouble at the Gates and at Home 121
4. Violence and Crimes Beyond the Battlefields 146
Lunar Landscapes 149
The Great Insecurity 152
Soldiers Running Wild 157
Warlords in Polish Service 166
Ambiguities 175
Conclusion 187
Epilogue 196
Archives Consulted 199
Works Cited 203
Travelogue 231
Glossary 235
Index 237
Archives Consulted
The listed archives have been visited or consulted online during the research for this book.
Their record groups (RG) are highly relevant for the presented issues and therefore recom-
mended for further investigation.
POLAND
Archive of the New Files (Warsaw)
RG 8 The Presidium of the Council of Ministers
RG 9 Department of the Interior
RG 39 Polish National Committee in Paris
RG 40 Polish Delegation at the Paris Peace Conference
RG 45 Collection of essay and documents on Polands relations to
Latvia, Lithuania, Soviet Russia, Gdansk, and Ukraine
RG 349 State Police Headquarters in Warsaw
Various RGs Files of Local Police Stations
Archive of the Polish Academy of Science (Warsaw)
RG 4 Diary of Michal Stanislaw Kossakowski
Central Military Archive (Warsaw)
RG 1.122.1. Polish Formations in the East
RG 1.123.1.13 Haller Army
RG 1.124.1.461 Polish Military Organization
RG 1.243.18.7 Revolutionary Authorities in Latvia and Belarus
RG 1.301.7-11 Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, Departments I---V
RG 1.300.12 Staff of War Ministry, Department VI (Justice)
RG 1.300.51 Military Gendarmerie Command
RG 1.300.58 War Ministry, Justice Department
RG 1.301.19 Field Gendarmerie Command
RG 1.301.21 Military Jurisdiction Command (in the field)
RG 1.301.22.2 Military Courts
RG 1.303.3-7 and 9 General Staff, Departments I---V
RG 1.304.1 Command of the Polish Armed Forces in Eastern Galicia
RG 1.304.2 Military Governor in Warsaw
RG 1.304.3 Command of the Armed Forces of Central Lithuania
RG 1.305.5 State Commissar for the Red Cross
RG 1.310.1 Galician Front Command
RG 1.310.2 Galician-Volhynian Front Command
RG 1.310.3 Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Command
RG 1.310.4 Mazovian Front Command
RG 1.310.5 Podolian Front Command
RG 1.310.6 Polesia Front Command
RG 1.301.7 Southeastern Front Command
RG 1.310.8 Southwestern Front Command
200
Archives Consulted
RG 1.310.10
RG 1.310.11
RG 1.310.12
RG 1.310.14
RG 1.310.15
RG 1.310.16
RG 1.310.17
RG 1.310.18
RG 1.311.1-7
RG 1.330.1-4 and 1.332.33-39
RG 1.336.1-21
RG 1.341.1
RG 1.351.1-37
RG 1.391.1-58
RG 1.440.12.1
RG I. 476.1
RG VIII.807.29
Pomeranian Front Command
Northeastern Front Command
Northern Front Command
Silesian Front Command
Middle Front Command
Ukrainian Front Command
Greater Poland Front Command
Volhynian Front Command
Army Commands 1-7
Rear Echelons Commands
POW Camps
Office of Military History
Military Justice
Paramilitary Units
Laudanski Files (Teki Laudanskiego)
Baczyiiski Files (Teki Baczynskiego)
Civil Administration of the Eastern Territories
Eastern Archive—KARTA (Warsaw), Digital Library
Kamler Family collection
National Library of Poland (Warsaw), Microfilm Department
Memoirs, diaries, and document collections (includ-
ing copies from the National Ossolinski Institute)
National Ossolinski Institute (Wroclaw), Manuscript Department
Memoirs, diaries, and document collections (OSS
m£ = microfilm consulted on site; BN m£ = microfilm
consulted in the National Library of Poland, Warsaw)
Polish State Archive (Katowice)
RG 12/15/0
Princes Czartoryski Library
RG 11738-11740
Polish Plebiscite Commissariat for Upper Silesia
in Bytom, series 1 1.: Supreme Peoples Council in
Poznan, Bytom Branch
Diary of General Antoni Listowski
Public Library (Warsaw), Manuscript Department
Files of the Civil Administration of the Eastern
Territories
Silesian Digital Library (Katowice), Cieszyn Silesia
RG: TR-015 and RG: TR-016 on alleged Czech atrocities in Cieszyn Silesia
Warsaw University Library (Warsaw), Manuscript Department
RG 1531 Memoirs of Stanislaw Stempowski
Archives Consulted
201
LITHUANIA
Central State Archive (Vilnius)
RG 13
Files of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Territories
UNITED STATES
Hoover Institution Library and Archives (Stanford)
James A. Stader papers
Institute for Jewish Research—YIVO (New York)
RG 28 Collection on Poland (Vilna Archives) 1830-1939
RG 116-Poland 1 Territorial Collection, Poland 1919—1939
J6zef Pilsudski Institute of America (New York)
General Adjutancy of the Supreme Commander
Library of Congress (Washington, DC)
Henry Morgenthau papers
National Archives at College Park (Maryland)
RG 256, mf. 224-228 Morgenthau Mission to Poland Files
UNITED KINGDOM
National Archives/Public Record Office (London)
FO 608 Peace Conference, British Delegation
WO 106 War Office: Directorate of Military Operations and Military
Intelligence, and predecessors: Correspondence and Papers
FRANCE
Defence Historical Service
RG Army General Staff, Files on the Formation of the Polish Army in France
5 N 190, 6 N 212,
7 N 618, 7 N 619,
7 N 620
GERMANY
Herder Institute (Marburg), Collection of Documents
RG 120 BR/BLW 021 Diary of Alfred Jaskowski
Index
Since they are the topic of whole chapters or sub-chapters of the book, this index does not feature the
Central European Civil War, the Polish-Soviet War, and Polands paramilitary conflicts with its
Ukrainian, Lithuanian, German, and Czech neighbors. Due to its frequent occurrence, the Second
Polish Republic appears mainly as geographical entity or political concept. When used as acronym of
the Polish political or military leadership, it has (as have in this case ‘Poland’, ‘the Poles, or ‘Warsaw’)
been omitted. The other states involved in the Central European Civil War are treated analogously.
Abraham, Roman 146, 166-70, 172,
186, 191
Albanians
in Yugoslavia 27
Allied armed formations and military
institutions
Allied forces in Cieszyn Silesia 118
Allied forces in Upper Silesia 108—9,
111, 113
Allied intervention forces in Russia 61,
123, 124
Anderson, Benedict 23
Armenians
in the Polish Legions 41
in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth 24
Armitage, David 62
Asia
central Asia 46
Asia Minor 31
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 30
Ataman Armies 9, 74—3, see also Russian armed
formations and military institutions:
Peasant Armies and Ukrainian armed
formations and military institutions:
Peasant Armies
alienating the population in eastern
Ukraine 75
in the Kresy 172
Austria
armed formations and military institutions
see Austrian armed formations and military
institutions and Austro-Hungarian armed
formations and military institutions
First Austrian Republic 121, 160
Habsburg Empire 4, 17, 20, 42, 46, 48,
67—8, 115, 118, 138, 149, 195
Austria-Hungary see Austria: Habsburg Empire
Austrian armed formations and military
institutions
paramilitaries in the First Austrian
Republic 70
Austrians
in the Habsburg Army 46, 48
in the Polish Army 54
Austro-Hungarian armed formations and
military institutions
garrison of Lviv 100
General Government of Lublin 25, 50, 53,
64, 138
Habsburg Army 39-40,75, 139, 152
Habsburg Army (disintegration) 50, 69
Habsburg Army (ethnic composition)
46-7, 54
Habsburg Army (supply problems) 51
Austro-Prussian War (1866) 18
Babel, Isaac 136
Baczynski, Karol 78, 168-9
Balfour, Arthur James 150
Balkan armed formations and military
institutions see also Yugoslav armed
formations and military institutions
Green Cadres 69—70, 159
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization 69—70
Balkan Wars (1912-13) 64
Balkans 17, 20, 30, 51, 66-70, 124
Balos, Ludwik vii
Baltic 20, 51, 66, 69, 98, 122-5, 172
anti-Jewish violence 160
Bardauskas (Pol. Bardowskt)y Edmundas 90
Barth, Boris 104
Barysaw (Pol. Borysow) 153
Basques 96
Battle of Annaberg (1921) 109, 112
Battle of Grunwald (1410) 100
Battle of Langemarck (1914) 106
Battle of Warsaw (1920) vii, 11, 53, 56, 90, 109,
120, 122-3, 128, 134-7, 143, 156, 181
Bçdzin district 163
Belarus 5, 24, 52, 86-7, 129, 154, 165, 174, 184
armed formations and military institutions
see Belarusian armed formations and
military institutions
Belarusian Peoples Republic 172
Belarusian Republic 174
nation state building 124, 128, 172, 174, 193
nationalists 61
peasants 21
238
Index
Belarusian armed formations and military-
institutions
Self-Defense 85
Belarusians 30
in Lithuania 88
in Stanisiaw Bulak-Baiachowiczs unit 172
in thzKresy 29, 126, 129—30, 143, 153
in the Polish—Lithuanian
Commonwealth 24, 87
in the Russian Western Territory- 21
in Vilnius 83-4, 87
Belgium
atrocities of German soldiers 66, 190
Belweder camp see Poland: Belweder camp
Benedict XV, Pope 180
BergerhofF, Karl 109
Berlin 98, 102
Berzniki (Lit. Berznykas) 71
Bessarabia see Romania: Bessarabia
Bienek, Horst 96
Bilczewski, Jozef 79
Bismarck, Otto von 105
Bjork, James E. 109
Black Americans
in North America 31, 161
Bobiaczyriski, Major 86
Bobrujsk (Bel. Babruisk) 152—3
Bohemia see Czechoslovakia: Bohemia
Bohumin (Pol. Bogumin) 117
Borkowska, Grazyna 154
Borodziej, Wlodzimierz 2
Borz^cki, Jerzy 128,181-2
Bosch, Hieronymus 151
Bosnia see Yugoslavia: Bosnia
Bosniaks
in Yugoslavia 27
Brest-Litovsk (Pol. Brzesc Litewski) 153
Broniewski, Wladyslaw 171
Brubaker, Rogers 191
Brzezany (Ukr. Berezhany) 146
Buczacz (Ukr. Buchach) 154
Budyonny, Semyon 136
Bukovina see Romania: Bukovina
Bulak-Balachowicz, Stanisiaw 171-4, 186,
191, 193
Bulgaria
Republic of Bulgaria 28, 67-9
Republic of Bulgaria (population) 28
Bulgarians
in the Republic of Bulgaria 28
Caesar, Gaius Julius 63, 187
Caldron, Edward D. 157
Central and Eastern Europe
between the World Wars 16, 195
casualties of the First World War 149
Central Powers’ rule in (1918) 43, 45, 50—1,
57, 73, 85, 101
de-colonization 62, 191
desertion 9, 48, 50, 190
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 150
Eastern Front 45, 50-1, 57, 59, 64, 91, 163
First World War 14, 19
imperial rule in 15,17-19,51,59,190
large estate landholding 18
marauding soldiers 190
marauding soldiers and paramilitaries 8—9, 70
minorities 28, 32, 69
modernity 18, 22
nation state building 14—15, 17—19, 27, 29,
31, 57, 59-60, 124, 190, 195
nation states 16
nations 14
nineteenth century 14, 17—18
postwar conflicts 15, 59—60, 66, 68, 122,
164, 188-91, 195
property losses in the wake of the First
World War 151
Second World War 195
socialism 18—19
wartime destruction 195
Central Europe 26
imperial rule in 16, 25, 26
minorities 61
nation state building 16, 24
nation states 7, 14—15, 17, 19
nationalists 14, 16
nations 16
nineteenth century 20
peasants 15, 24
Polish hegemony in 5, 26
postwar conflicts 60, 63, 65, 102, 148, 160,
177, 187
urban elites 24
Central Powers 4, 25, 41-4, 76—7, 85, 97, 100,
107, 124, 128, 138
Chelm province 76
Chernev, Borislav 128
Chernobyl (Ukr. Chomdbyl*) 172
Chicago 161
Chorzow (Germ. Konigshiitte) 95
Churchill, Winston 188
Chyrow (Ukr. Khyriv) 61
Ciancia, Kathryn 191
Cicero (M. Tullius Cicero) 1
Cieszyn (Czech T?ftn) 115-18, 120, 141
Cieszyn Silesia see Poland: Cieszyn Silesia
Congress of Vienna (1814—15) 16, 18, 20, 34—5
Corcyraeans
in the Peloponnesian War (431—404 bc) 63
Cossacks 73—5, 156
Don Republic 75
in Congress Poland 35
in Stanisiaw Bulak-Balachowicz’s unit 172
Cracow (Pol. Krakow, Germ. Krakau) 20,
40, 44, 87, 100, 123, 138-41, 144,
161, 180
Index
239
Cracow district 54, 142, 164, 166
Crimean War (1853-6) 18
Croatia see Yugoslavia: Croatia
Croats
in the eastern Adriatic 68
in the Habsburg Army 27
in Yugoslavia 27—8
Cyganowka (Ukr. Tsyganivka) 170
Czaczka-Rucinski, Waclaw 117
Czarnecki, Stefan 162
Czarnyszewicz, Florian 152
Czartoryski, Witold 139
Czechoslovak armed formations and military
institutions
Chechoslovak Army 66,117
Civic Guard 119
Czech High Command 117
Czechoslovak Army 118,129
garrison of Bohumin 117
Gendarmerie 119
in Slovakia 66
paramilitaries in Cieszyn Silesia 119—20
Twenty-First Rifle Regiment 118—19
Czechoslovakia
armed formations and military institutions
see Czechoslovak armed formations and
military institutions
atrocities in the wake of the First World
War 188
Bohemia 115—16,121
casualties of the Polish—Czechoslovak
conflict 117,188-9
casualties of the postwar conflicts 188
First Czechoslovak Republic 28, 54, 60, 64,
66-9, 96, 116, 120, 195
First Czechoslovak Republic (population)
27-8,31
Karvina coal mine district 117, 120
nation state building 28, 96, 116
National Committee for Silesia 116—17, 141
nationalists 119
Slovakia 66, 121
Czechs 2
Czech refugees 118
Czech soldiers and civilians interned by
Polish authorities 118
in Cieszyn Silesia 115, 118
in the First Czechoslovak Republic 28
in the Habsburg Army 46, 48
in Yugoslavia 27
Czestochowa 160
D’Annunzio, Gabriele 69
D^browska, Maria 2, 156
Dalmatia see Yugoslavia: Dalmatia
Dalmatians
in the Habsburg Army 46
Danes
in the Imperial German Army 46
Danzig (Pol. Gdansk) 54
Darwinism 3, 25
Daszynski, Ignacy 135
Daudenarde, Second Lieutenant 184
Daugavpils (Pol. Dyne burg) 153
Davies, Norman 126, 144, 188
Denikin, Anton 76
Diner, Dan 66
Djordjevic, Dimitrije 27
Dlugajczyk, Edward 120
Dmowski, Roman 3—4, 6, 25—7, 29—30, 35, 39,
42-3, 57,71, 97, 100, 106, 114, 122, 131,
138, 140, 142-4, 160, 177, 179
Dowbor-Musnicki, Jozef 5, 43, 54, 56—7, 91,
102-3, 140, 142, 179-81
Duczanski, Private 133
Dunin-Borkowska Hornowska, tucja 47
East Prussia see Germany: East Prussia
Eichenberg, Julia 49,78, 158
Endecja see Poland: National Democracy
{Endecja)
Engels, Friedrich 124
England
postwar conflicts 8
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 8, 31, 124, 195
Enlightenment 15
Entente see Western Allies
Estonia
armed formations and military institutions
see Estonian armed formations and military
institutions
nation state building 172
nationalists 61, 125
Republic of Estonia 28, 125, 172—3
Republic of Estonia (population) 28
Estonian armed formations and military
institutions
Estonian Army 122, 125
paramilitaries in the Republic of Estonia 70
Estonians
in the Republic of Estonia 28
Europe
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 51
eighteenth century 2
imperial rule in 148
modernity 30
nation state building 15—16, 31, 148, 187
nineteenth century 3, 16
postwar conflicts 8, 12, 60
Faska, Jan 95, 111-12, 175-6
Finns
in Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 172
Fiume 69
Fourteen Points (of US President Woodrow
Wilson) 25,61,103
240
Index
France
armed formations and military institutions
see French armed formations and military
institutions
atrocities of German soldiers 66, 190
Foreign Ministry 142
French Republic 3, 31, 36, 43-^1, 51, 54, 80,
91,95, 102, 108-9, 111, 118-19, 122, 124,
140, 142, 144, 154, 156-7, 179-80, 195
French Revolution (1789—99) 15
French Revolutionary Wars (1792—1802) 62
Kingdom of France 15
French
in the Polish Army 54
French armed formations and military
institutions
French Army 109
French military mission in Vilnius 92
Galicia (Austrian province) see Poland: Galicia
(Austrian province)
Galicia, eastern see Poland; eastern Galicia
Gatrell, Peter 8, 60—1
German armed formations and military
institutions
Black Horde 109
Border Guard (in Upper Silesia) 102, 107—8
Border Guard (in the Rawicz district) 95
Freikorps 67, 96, 102, 104, 185-6, 192
Freikorps (in Greater Poland) 101-4, 175
Freikorps (in the Baltic) 103, 109, 122, 125,
172-3
Freikorps (in Upper Silesia) 107-11, 120,
175,185
Freikorps Oberland 112
garrison of Warsaw 52
General Government of Warsaw 25, 50,
52-3, 64, 84, 138, 182
German Eastern Army (Ostheer) 51—2, 75,
85-6, 101, 125-6, 152, 153
German High Command 104, 112
Imperial German Army (disintegration)
50-1,96,137
Imperial German Army (distribution
system) 46
Imperial German Army (ethnic composition)
47, 54
Imperial German Army (in Belgium and
France) 66, 190
Imperial German Army (in Cameroon) 66
Imperial German Army (supply
problems) 51
paramilitaries in the Weimar Republic 70
paramilitaries in Upper Silesia 95, 109—11
Prussian Fifth Army Corps 98
Reichswehr 100—1, 107—9, 182
Reichswehr (supporting German paramilitar-
ies in Upper Silesia) 111
Shock Troops 109
Sicherheitspolizei 108-9
soldiers and paramilitaries in Greater
Poland 122, 141
Special Police 109—10, 176
Supreme Army Command 101
Supreme Command of All German Forces in
the East (Ober Ost) 25, 64-5, 84-5, 138,
182
Teutonic Order 100
Upper Silesian Self-Defense 109, 112
Wehrmacht 117, 186
Germans 2
anti-German violence by Nestor Makhnos
Peasant Army 161
defecting to the Polish side in Upper
Silesia 95, 176
German Mennonites in Ukraine 76
German mine owners in Upper Silesia 106
German veterans of the First World War 96,
101, 109, 125
in Cieszyn Silesia 115
in Czechoslovakia 66
in Estonia 125
in Greater Poland 19, 34, 49, 99-100, 105,
107, 143, 176, 194
in Latvia 125
in the Baltic 125
in the First Czechoslovak Republic 28
in the German Empire 16
in the Habsburg Army 46
in the Habsburg Empire 16
in the Imperial German Army 50
in the Kingdom of Hungary (1920—46) 28
in the Kresy 126
in the Polish Army 54
in the Polish Legions 41
in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth 24
in the Russian Western Territory 21
in the Second Polish Republic 27
in Upper Silesia 96, 104, 143, 176, 194
in Yugoslavia 27
Germany
armed formations and military institutions
see German armed formations and military
institutions
atrocities in the wake of the First World
War 188
casualties of the Polish—German conflict in
Greater Poland 102, 113
casualties of the Polish—German conflict in
Upper Silesia 110, 113
casualties of the Polish-German
conflicts 189
Center Party 105
desertion 49, 98, 101
East Prussia 114
German Empire 4, 17, 20—1, 42, 47, 96,
106, 108, 112, 114, 138, 144, 154, 182,
195
Index
241
German Peoples Councils 99, 107
League of Patriotic Upper Silesians 107
Mazuria 114
nation 102
nation state 17
nation state building 21, 56, 96, 99, 105—6
nationalists 105, 107, 110, 115
Silesia 115
socialists 98—9
terrorism by soldiers of the Freikorps 186
Third Reich 133, 186, 195
War mi a 114
Weimar Republic 54, 60, 66, 96, 98, 101,
106-7, 109-12, 114-15, 121, 124, 144,
160, 176, 186, 192
West Prussia 97-8, 103
workers 99, 101, 106
Gibson, Hugh 59, 161
Giedroyc, Jerzy 163
Glupek (militia commander in Upper
Silesia) 112
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 104
Goltz, Rüdiger von der 125
Goodhard, Artur Lehman 64, 147
Gosewinkel, Dieter 31
Grabski, Stanislaw 121
Grat ier, J ules 108
Greater Poland see Poland: Greater Poland
Greece
Ancient Greece 63
Hellenic Republic 8, 63, 68—9, 149
Peloponnesian War (431-404 bc) 62—3
postwar conflicts 8
Greeks
Greek refugees 30
in the Republic of Turkey 30
Greek—Turkish War (1919—22) 30
Grodno (Bel. Hrodna) 153
Gruzewski, Tadeusz 33
Grzechynia vii
Gypsies
in the Habsburg Army 46
in Yugoslavia 27
Habsburg Empire see Austria: Habsburg
Empire
Hagen, William 157, 178
Haller, Jozef 5, 39, 44, 53-4, 56, 91, 132,
161-2, 164-5, 179-80
Handelsman, Marceli 71, 92
Hauenstein, Heinz Oskar 110, 176
Heine, Heinrich 187, 191
Henschel, Christhardt 194
Hetherington, Peter 36, 38
Holecek, Josef 66
Hoover, Herbert 65
Horak, Jan 118
Hörsing, Otto 95, 108
Hrubieszow (Ukr. Hrubeshiv) 133, 136
Hulewicz, Bogdan 99
Hulewicz, Jerzy 143
Hülsen, Bernhard von 112
Hungarian armed formations and military
institutions
Hungarian Red Army 66
paramilitaries in the Hungarian Republic
(1919-20) 70
paramilitaries in the Hungarian Soviet
Republic (1919) 70
White Guards 67
Hungarians
in Czechoslovakia 66
in the Habsburg Army 46
in the Polish Army 54
in the Polish Legions 41
Hungary 67
armed formations and military institutions
see Hungarian armed formations
and military institutions and
Austro-Hungarian armed formations and
military institutions
atrocities against the Romanian Mop
minority 68
First Hungarian Republic (1918—19) 67, 69
Hungarian Republic (1919—20) 66—7,
69, 160
Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
66-9, 120
Kingdom of Hungary (1920-46) 28
Kingdom of Hungary (1920-46)
(population) 28
nation state building 67
Transdanubia 67
Huyn, Karl 139
Indians
in North America 31
Ireland 96
Republic of Ireland 66, 110
Italian armed formations and military
institutions
Italian Army 68—9, 109
Italians
in the eastern Adriatic 68
in Yugoslavia 68
Italy
casualties of the Polish—German conflict in
Upper Silesia 111
Free State of Fiume 69
Kingdom of Italy 31, 66, 68—9, 154, 160
Roman Civil Wars (133—30 bc) 62, 63
Roman Republic 63
Jablonna 192
Jablunkov (Pol. Jablunkôw) 117—18
Jadwin, Edgar 147
Jakubski, Antoni 169
Jaworski, Feliks 2, 170—2, 186, 191
242
Index
Jewish armed formations and military-
institutions
Self-Defense (in Lviv) 77, 167
self-defense in the Kresy 160
Jews 2, 140, 159
allegedly shooting at Polish soldiers 160,
167, 177-8
allegedly siding with the
Bolsheviks 177-80, 192
allegedly siding with the Ukrainians 168
anti-Jewish pogroms in Central and Eastern
Europe 159
anti-Jewish violence in Austria 160
anti-Jewish violence in Central and Eastern
Europe 159
anti-Jewish violence in Croatia 160
anti-Jewish violence in eastern and central
Poland 10
anti-Jewish violence in Germany 160
anti-Jewish violence in Hungary 160
anti-Jewish violence in Italy 160
anti-Jewish violence in Poland 157, 160
anti-Jewish violence in Romania 160
anti-Jewish violence by Ataman Army
soldiers in Ukraine 159
anti-Jewish violence by civilians in
Wielun 166
anti-Jewish violence by Green Cadres 159
anti-Jewish violence by members of the
military police in Warsaw 178
anti-Jewish violence by Polish peasants 157
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers 9, 10,
153, 159-65, 178, 180-1
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers in
Pinsk 180
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers in the
Kresy 126, 130, 163-4, 177-8
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers in
Upper Silesia 163
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers and
civilians 160, 162, 178
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers and
paramilitaries 183
anti-Jewish violence by Polish soldiers and
peasants 189
anti-Jewish violence by Red Army
soldiers 75
anti-Jewish violence by Red Army soldiers in
the Kresy 126
anti-Jewish violence by Red Army soldiers in
Ukraine 159
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of Feliks
Jaworski’s mounted unit in
Volhynia 171
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of Roman
Abrahams unit 166
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of Roman
Abrahams unit in Lviv 167
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of Stan is law
Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 184
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of Stanislaw
Bulak-Balachowiczs unit in the Kresy 174
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the Army
of Greater Poland 179, 184
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the Army
of Greater Poland in Siedlce 183
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the
Army of Greater Poland in the Kresy 180,
181
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the Haller
Army 162, 179, 182
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the Haller
Army in Cracow 161, 180
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the Haller
Army in Olkusz 163
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the
Nineteenth Infantry Regiment for the
Relief of Lviv in Ukraine 9
anti-Jewish violence by soldiers of the
Sixteenth Cavalry Regiment from Greater
Poland in Zawada 162
anti-Jewish violence by White Army soldiers
in Ukraine 159
anti-Jewish violence, local police forces as
protectors in Wielun 166
anti-Jewish violence, Polish soldiers as
protectors in Olkusz 163
anti-Jewish violence, Polish soldiers as
protectors in Zawada 162
anti-Jewish violence, soldiers of the Army of
Greater Poland as protectors in
Wlodawa 184
anti-Jewish violence, soldiers of the local
garrison as protectors in Wielun 166
anti-Jewish violence, soldiers of the Ninth
Legions5 Infantry Regiment as protectors
in Zawada 162
anti-Semitism in Germany 182
anti-Semitism in Poland 6, 130, 160-1, 163,
177-9, 182
anti-Semitism in Stanislaw Bulak-
Balachowiczs unit 174
anti-Semitism in the Haller Army 182
anti-Semitism in the Polish Army 163, 179,
180-1, 184
casualties in pogroms in Ukraine 75, 189
casualties of the Wliite Terror in Hungary
(1919-20) 67
during the Second World War 156
Holocaust 164
in Congress Poland 34
in Cracow 180
in Czechoslovakia 66
in eastern Galicia 169
in Galicia (Austrian province) 22, 34
in Greater Poland 21, 99
in Lviv 77, 167, 168
in Minsk 147, 184
in Poland 6, 132, 154
in Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 172
Index
243
in the Habsburg Army 46
in the Hungarian Republic (1919-20) 67
in the Kresy 29, 126, 130, 143, 152-3, 182
in the Pale of Settlement 71
in the Polish Army 54, 192
in the Polish Legions 41, 192
in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth 24
in the Republic of Lithuania 28
in the Russian Western Territory 21, 34
in the Second Polish Republic 26—7, 35
in Ukraine 95
in Vilnius 83-^1
inWielun 166
in Wlodawa 184
Jewish refugees 31, 150, 165
Jewish soldiers interned by Polish
authorities 192
Jewish veterans of the First World War (in
Poland) 192
Jewish workers in Vilnius 84
National Club of Jewish Members of
Parliament (in Warsaw) 162
pogrom in Czestochowa (1919) 160
pogrom in Kielce (1918) 160
pogrom in Lida (1919) 160
pogrom in Lviv (1918) 77, 89, 160,
167-8, 178
pogrom in Minsk (1919) 147, 184
pogrom in Pinsk (1919) 160, 180
pogrom in Vilnius (1919) 160
pogroms in Central and Eastern Europe
159, 164
pogroms in Poland 157, 160, 177—9, 189
pogroms in the Kresy 177
pogroms in Ukraine 75, 161, 177, 189
supporting the Polish Army 132
volunteering for service in the Polish
Army 132
Kamianets-Podilskyi 81
Kamienski, Antoni 37
Kamler, Amelia 122
Kamler, Leopold 122
Kaprzycki, Tadeusz 40
Katowice (Germ. Kattowitz) 105
Kaunas (Pol. Kownó) 21, 85, 88-90, 92-4, 153
Kharkiv 75-6
Kielce (Russ. KeVce) 40, 47, 133, 160,
164,183
Kielce district 132, 142, 164, 166
Kieniewicz, Stefan 23, 34
Kiev (Ukr. Kyiv, Pol. Kijów) 22, 73, 75-6, 82,
127,129,143
Kirkor-Kiedroniowa, Zofia 116
Koch, Hannsjoachim 176
Konarzewski, Daniel 147
Korfanty, Wojciech 96, 105—7, 109, 112, 141,
169, 194
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz 187
Kosovo see Yugoslavia: Kosovo
Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia 156, 170, 171
Kozienice 134
Kozma, Miklos 67
Kresy see Poland: Kresy
Kulczuga, Bolek 133
Kulturkampf 105
Kun, Béla 66—7
Laidoner, Johan 173
Lamezan-Salins, Robert 169
Lask district 14
Latinik, Franciszek 118
Latra, Private 135
Latvia
(casualties of) atrocities of the Freikorps 126
(casualties of) atrocities of the German
Freikorps 125—6
(casualties of) atrocities of the Red
Army 125—6
armed formations and military institutions
see Latvian armed formations and military
institutions
Bolsheviks 125
nation state building 172
nationalists 61, 125
Republic of Latvia 28,125
Republic of Latvia (population) 28
Latvian armed formations and military
institutions
Latvian Army 122, 125
paramilitaries in the Republic of Latvia 70
Latvians 2
in Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 172
in the Polish Legions 41
in the Republic of Latvia 28
in the Russian Western Territory 21
Laudahski, Stanislaw 178—9
Lausanne 26
Le Bon, Gustave 14
League of Nations 32, 150
Leipzig 111
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 64, 124, 127
Leonas, Petras 85
Levene, Mark 160
Lichtenstaedter, Siegfried (alias Dr. Mehemed
Emin Effendi) 30
Lida (Lit. Lyda) 160
Lis-Btonski, Stanislaw 174
Listowski, Antoni 180
Lithuania 24, 52, 83, 86-9, 94, 96, 154
armed formations and military institutions
see Lithuanian armed formations and
military institutions
as part of the Polish—Lithuanian
Commonwealth 86
atrocities in the wake of the First World
War 188
casualties of the Polish—Lithuanian
conflict 95, 188, 189
casualties of the postwar conflicts 188
244
Index
Lithuania {cont.)
Council (later State Council) of Lithuania
(1917-18) 85
Duchy of Lithuania 89
First World War 84
Great Diet of Vilnius 84
nation state building 86, 93, 172
nationalists 61, 86, 88, 125
peasants 21, 71, 87
Provisional Lithuanian Committee for
Vilnius 89
Republic of Central Lithuania 92, 93
Republic of Lithuania 27, 28, 60, 85—6, 88,
93, 124-5, 165
Republic of Lithuania (population) 28
Social Democrats 84
socialists 84
Lithuanian armed formations and military
institutions
garrison of Sejny 90
Lithuanian Army 122, 125
Lithuanian Army (formation) 85
paramilitaries in the Republic of
Lithuania 70
Self-Defense (in the Kresy) 85
Self-Defense (in Vilnius) 86
Lithuanians 2, 30, 86, 88, 94
in Lithuania 88
in partition times 92
in the Imperial Russian Army 85
in the Kresy 29, 126, 129, 143, 153
in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
24, 87
in the Republic of Lithuania 28
in the Russian Western Territory 21
in Vilnius 83-4, 86—7
Lloyd George, David 188
Lodz 36, 57
Lodz district 164
Lomza 87
London 111, 155
Louis XIV, King of France 15
Lublin 139, 140, 162, 170
Lublin district 142, 164
Ludendorff, Erich 101
Lutsk (Pol. Luck, Ukr. Lutsk)
district 153
Luxemburg, Rosa 35
Lviv (Pol. Lwowy Ukr. Lviv) vii, 10, 53, 70,
77-80, 82-3, 89, 100, 127, 129-30,
139-40, 146, 154, 158, 160, 165-9, 178,
183-4, 186
Lviv district 164
Macedonia see Yugoslavia: Macedonia
Machnicki, Stanislaw 112
Maciejewski, Jerzy Konrad 9, 146
Mackiewicz, Stanislaw 27
Magdeburg 42-3, 52, 121, 140
Magyars
in the Kingdom of Hungary (1920-46) 28
in the Kingdom of Romania 28
in Yugoslavia 27
Makhno, Nestor 161
Markusfeld, Jakób 162
Marx, Karl 124
Maryanski, Walery 70
Mazovia see Poland: Mazovia
Mazuria see Germany: Mazuria
Mazurians 114
in the Imperial German Army 48
Mazurkiewicz 41
Mazyr (Pol. Mozyrz) 153, 174
Mick, Christoph 59, 79
Micka, M., Captain 117
Mickiewicz, Adam 87
Mieszkowski, Lukasz 150
Minority Treaties (1919) 31,32
Minsk (Pol. Minsk) 147
Molenda, Jan 34, 50, 58
Montenegrins
in Yugoslavia 27
Morgenthau Commission 147, 161, 177
Morgenthau, Henry 177—8
Moscow 174
Murmansk 44
Myslowice (Germ. Myslowitz) 108
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French 16, 20
Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) 20, 36
Narutewicz, Gabriel 193
Newman, John Paul 67, 70
Nicholas, Grand Duke 42
Niedzielski, Jan 161
North America 31
American Relief Administration 65, 151
American Revolution (1763—76) 15
race riots in Washington and Chicago 161
United States of America 25, 31, 44, 51,
100, 161, 182, 195
North Americans
in the Haller Army 182
in the Polish Army 54
Noske, Gustav 95
Obruchev, Nikolai 22
Oestreicher, Ludwig 112
Ogrodniki (Lit.Aradnykai) 71
Olkusz 163-4
Orava (Pol. Orawa) 118, 120
Osiriski, Aleksander 158
Ossowski, Stanislaw 34
Osterhammel, Jürgen 17
Ostrava (Pol. Ostrawd) 116, 118
Ostrowiec (Russ. Ostrovets) 133
Paderewski, Ignacy 99, 100, 114, 141—3, 179
Paluch, Mieczyslaw 99
Index
245
Paris 5-6, 26, 30-1, 43, 69, 87, 97, 100, 106,
120-1, 123, 138-2, 177, 179-80
Paris Peace Conference (1919) 26, 31,101, 144
Payne, Stanley G. 60—1
Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Soviet
Russia, 1918) 43-4, 57, 128
Peace Treaty of Riga (1920) 64, 125, 128,
174, 186
Peace Treaty of Tartu (1920) 125
Peace Treaty of Versailles (1919) 103,104,121
Peoples Councils, German see Germany:
German Peoples Councils
Perlik, Private 135
Petliura, Symon 74, 82, 126—7, 155, 172
Petrograd see St. Petersburg
Petzel, Captain 95
Philipp II, King of Spain 15
Piasecki, Sergiusz 192
Pieniazek, Wojciech 110
Pietrzak, Henryk 71
Pilsudski, Jozef 3—6, 24-7, 33, 35—6, 38-44,
52-3, 55-7, 64, 71, 78, 86-94, 97, 100,
107, 117, 121-2, 127-9, 131, 138-40,
142-4, 152, 155, 158, 165, 172-3,
178_si iea A ioa a
Pinsk (Pol. Pinsk) 130, 153, 160, 180
Piotrowski, M. Z. 122
Pobog-Malinowski, Wladyslaw 130
Podlachia see Poland: Podlachia
Podolia see Poland: Podolia
Poland 2, 24, 57, 87, 156
armed formations and military institutions
see Polish armed formations and military
institutions
atrocities in the wake of the First World
War 188
atrocities of Polish soldiers and
paramilitaries 183
atrocities of Red Army soldiers in the
Kresy 171
atrocities of soldiers of Feliks Jaworski s
mounted unit in the Kresy 171
atrocities of soldiers of Roman Abrahams
unit in Lviv 167
atrocities of soldiers of Stanisiaw Bulak-
Baiachowicz’s unit in the Kresy 174
atrocities of the Czechoslovak Army in
Cieszyn Silesia 118
atrocities of the Polish Army 126
atrocities of the Red Army 126
atrocities of the Russian Army in the Western
Territory of Russia (1914-15) 49
atrocities of Ukrainian soldiers in Lviv 167
autonomy in Upper Silesia 115
Belweder camp 5, 6, 26, 29-30, 99-100,
106, 123, 131, 140—4, 154, 156-7, 183,
193, 3 94
between the World Wars 7
casualties of the First World War 46, 64—5
casualties of the Polish-Czechoslovak
conflict 117,188-9
casualties of the Polish—German conflict in
Greater Poland 102,113
casualties of the Polish—German conflict in
Upper Silesia 110, 113
casualties of the Polish—German
conflicts 189
casualties of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict
92, 189
casualties of the Polish—Ukrainian conflict
80-1,95, 188-9
casualties of the postwar conflicts 188
Catholic Church 131, 133, 137
Central Citizens Committee 97—8
central Poland 26, 52, 127-8, 132, 140-2,
156, 159, 180, 183-4
Cieszyn Principality 115
Cieszyn Silesia vii, 10, 53, 66, 96,
116-21, 129, 138, 140-1, 164, 184,
188-9, 192
Civil Administration of the Eastern
Territories 29, 129—30, 152-4, 191
Civil Administration of the Volhynian Lands
and the Podolian Front 154—5, 184
Committee for the Defense of the Eastern
Borderlands 88
Congress Poland 3-4, 20, 23, 25, 35—8,
40-2, 46-7, 54-5, 93, 99, 138,
143-4, 161
conscription 53—4
Council of National Defense 130—1
Court of Appeal in Warsaw 178—9
D^browski coal basin 163
desertion 10-11, 50, 159, 164, 167, 170-1
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 64, 150-1, 157, 159, 189
Duchy of Warsaw 20
eastern Galicia 4, 53—4, 61, 76—7, 80—3, 94,
111, 122, 124, 127, 129, 132, 139, 146,
151, 154, 165-6, 182, 184, 188-9
ethnocentrist concept (of Dmowski s
Endecja) 25, 27, 29-30, 34-6, 39, 71, 89,
144, 177, 191, 194
famine in the wake of the First World
War 65, 137, 150-1, 189
federal concept (of Pilsudski s Belweder
camp) 5,26-7,29,71,87-90,93-4,
129-30, 144, 152, 191, 194
First World War 2-4, 19, 33, 43, 65, 97,
138, 144
Foreign Ministry 85, 117
Free City of Cracow 20
Galicia (Austrian province) 21—3, 33-4,
38-40, 44-5, 47, 50, 53, 55, 71-2, 74,
76, 100, 138-9
Government of National Defense 123, 143
Government of National Unity 142
Grand Duchy of Poznan 20
246
Index
Poland (cont.)
Greater Poland 5, 21, 30, 47, 53-6, 65, 86,
96-7, 102, 104-7, 113, 122, 132, 141-4,
162, 175-6, 180, 182—4, 189
imperial rule in 3, 4, 7, 20, 21, 22, 35, 36,
40, 42, 84, 138, 154, 161, 187
Institute of Social Economy 156
Kingdom of Poland (1812—13) 20
Kingdom of Poland (1917-18) 25, 42-3
Kresy 2, 9, 21-2, 29, 52, 61, 65, 71, 77, 96,
103, 105, 123, 126, 128-30, 149, 151-4,
156-7, 159, 164-5, 170, 172, 174, 177,
180-1, 184, 191, 194
land reform 56, 131, 135
landowners 24, 131—2, 134
landowners in the Kresy 2, 21—2, 77, 88, 91,
105, 126, 130, 152, 156, 170
marauding Czech and Polish paramilitaries in
Cieszyn Silesia 120
marauding German soldiers in Podlachia 52
marauding Polish paramilitaries 10
marauding Polish paramilitaries in Upper
Silesia 112
marauding Polish soldiers 9-10, 145, 157—9,
164-5, 167, 178, 181
marauding Polish soldiers in eastern
Galicia 146
marauding Polish soldiers in Lviv 167
marauding Polish soldiers in Minsk 147
marauding Polish soldiers in the Kresy
149, 164
marauding Polish soldiers in the northern
Kresy 159
marauding Polish soldiers in Volhynia
155, 165
marauding Polish soldiers and civilians
in Lviv 168
marauding Polish soldiers and
paramilitaries 183
marauding Red Army soldiers in
Volhynia 155
marauding soldiers 11, 184
marauding soldiers of Feliks Jaworski s
mounted unit in Volhynia 170—1
marauding soldiers of Jozef Sila-Nowicki s
Volunteer Cavalry Division in the northern
Kresy 171
marauding soldiers of Roman Abraham s
unit 166
marauding soldiers of Roman Abrahams unit
in eastern Galicia 146, 167, 169
marauding soldiers of Roman Abrahams unit
in Lviv 167
marauding soldiers of Stanislaw Bulak-
Balachowiczs unit in the Baltic 173
marauding soldiers of Stanislaw Bulak-
Balachowicz’s unit in the Kresy 174
marauding soldiers of the Army of Greater
Poland 179, 181
marauding soldiers of the Army of Greater
Poland in Siedlce 183
marauding soldiers of the Army of Greater
Poland in the Kresy 180
marauding soldiers of the Fifth Division of
the Polish Army 184
marauding soldiers of the First Cadre
Company 183
marauding soldiers of the German Border
Guard in Upper Silesia 102
marauding soldiers of the Haller Army 162,
179, 181
marauding soldiers of the Haller Army in
Cracow 161, 180
marauding soldiers of the Nineteenth
Infantery Regiment for the Relief of Lviv
in eastern Galicia 9
marauding soldiers of the Polish Legions 183
marauding soldiers of Ukrainian Peasant
Armies in Volhynia 170
marauding soldiers, bandits, and civilians in
Lviv 167
marauding Ukrainian soldiers and peasants in
Volhynia 15 5—6
marauding Ukrainians in eastern Galicia 169
marauding White Army soldiers in
Volhynia 155
May Coup d’État (1926) 6, 193-4
mayors office in Warsaw 179
Mazovia 123
middle class 64, 132-3, 137
nation vii, 2-6, 8, 14, 22, 24, 26, 29, 33-6,
45, 55, 87, 97, 123, 130-1, 133, 137-8,
140, 192, 193^i
nation state 2—3, 6, 8, 9
nation state building 2—5, 7, 11-12, 19—25,
27, 29, 34, 36, 41, 44-5, 50-1, 57-8, 87,
89, 94, 97-8, 104-7, 116, 124, 129, 131,
137-8, 148, 154, 157, 160, 177, 188,
191-2, 194
National Committee (in Lviv) 79
National Council of the Cieszyn
Principality 116—17, 140—1
National Democracy (Endecja) 3—6, 25—6,
29-30, 33, 35-6, 38-9, 42^, 52, 56-7,
84, 88-9, 91, 97-100, 106-7, 121, 123,
130-1, 138-44, 154-5, 157, 160, 166,
179, 181, 191, 193-4
National Democratic Party 4, 25—6, 39, 56,
138, 193
National Democrats see Poland: National
Democracy (Endecja)
nationalists 4, 6, 22, 24, 34—5, 41, 45, 51,
61,87, 97, 99, 105-8, 110, 115
nobility 19, 21, 24, 26, 131-2, 137, 154,
156, 166, 170
nobility in the Kresy 152
northern Kresy 159
partition times 2—3, 22, 24, 29, 34, 144, 187
Index
2 47
partitions of 3, 19, 22, 47, 57, 83, 100, 108
peasants during the First World War 34,
50-2, 58
peasants erecting the Republic of
Tarnobrzeg 140
peasants in Congress Poland 23, 41
peasants in eastern Galicia 94
peasants in Galicia (Austrian province) 23,
34, 38
peasants in Greater Poland 56, 99
peasants in imperial armies 45, 50, 58
peasants in partition times 19, 23, 34, 123
peasants in the Army of Greater Poland 54
peasants in the Lithuanian—Belarusian
Division 91
peasants in the Polish Army 55, 123, 132,
134-5, 136-7
peasants in the Polish Legions 40
peasants in the Polish Military
Organization 41, 55
peasants in the Polish Second Republic 6,
14, 34, 55
peasants in the Polish—Lithuanian
Commonwealth 24
peasants in the Second Polish Republic 55,
64-5, 100, 123, 130-5, 137, 151, 156-7,
165, 191
peasants in the Volunteer Army 132
peasants volunteering as ‘Scythemen’ 134
plebiscite in East Prussia 114
plebiscite in Upper Silesia 107-11, 114-15,
163, 185
Podlachia 52
Podolia (Ukr. Podtilia) 127, 154, 170, 186
Polish Liquidation Commission 53, 82, 123,
138-40
Polish National Committee (in Paris) 6, 26,
29-30, 43, 100, 106, 121-3, 138-42,
179-80
Polish Peoples Party (Piast) 58, 138, 140, 193
Polish People’s Republic 7, 133, 156
Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 4-5, 24, 35—6,
38-9, 56, 138
Polish veterans of the First World War
119,193
Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth 2—3,
19-20, 22, 24-6, 29, 36, 83, 87, 89, 100,
105, 108
Pomerania 138, 164
Provisional Council of State 76
Provisional Governing Committee in
Lviv 140
Provisional People’s Government of the
Republic of Poland 139-40
Regency Council 25, 43, 52, 73, 76, 100,
138—40
Regional Government of the Cieszyn
Principality 141
Republic of Tarnobrzeg 140
rural elites 132
Second Polish Republic (at war) 7, 9, 60, 65,
80-2, 96, 165
Second Polish Republic (character) 27, 100,
114, 144, 156-7, 161, 192
Second Polish Republic (creation) 6, 11, 14,
22, 50, 52-3, 100, 131
Second Polish Republic (geographic) 14, 19,
44, 54, 65-6, 82, 86-7, 89, 90, 93, 97,
103, 113-14, 122, 126, 129, 144, 158,
160, 164, 180, 182
Second Polish Republic (history) 7
Second Polish Republic (minorities) 5, 16,
19, 27-30, 65, 143, 191, 193-4
Second Polish Republic (population) 6, 16,
28-31, 55, 83, 116, 122, 160
Second World War 7,76, 133, 156, 186
Social Revolutionaries 137
socialism 34, 194
socialists 3-4, 25, 35—6, 39, 43, 57, 84, 135,
138-9
southern Galicia 118
students 132—5, 137
Supreme Peoples Council 98-100, 107,
141-2
Suwalki 90-1, 158
Upper Silesia 10, 30, 65, 96-7, 99, 104—15,
118, 120, 125, 129, 138, 140-1, 164,
169, 175-6, 184-5, 189, 194
uprisings in Congress Poland 4, 19—21, 23,
35, 83, 99, 133, 161
urban elites 14, 21, 24, 35, 83, 88, 98,
131-3, 137, 166
Volhynia (Pol. Wofyri, Ukr. Volyn) 82, 127,
153-4, 156, 165-6, 171
wartime destruction 22, 31, 50, 53, 64—5,
137, 150-1, 156-7, 177, 182, 189
Western Territory (of Russia) 4, 17, 19—21,
25, 35,49-50, 83-4, 124, 126, 150, 159
workers 19, 35, 37, 52, 55, 99-101, 105-8,
118, 130, 132, 135, 137
Poles 2, 57, 81, 106, 155
defecting to the German side in Upper
Silesia 95, 176
during the First World War 33, 50, 57
from Greater Poland in the Imperial German
Army 49
in central Poland 129-30
in Cieszyn Silesia 115—16, 118
in Congress Poland 20-2, 40—1, 47, 187
in eastern Galicia 81
in Galicia (Austrian province) 21—2, 47
in Greater Poland 21-2, 47, 49, 97, 99,
105, 176
in imperial armies 5, 46
in Lithuania 88
in Lviv 77,79, 167
in partition times 4, 26, 34, 51, 138
in Stanislaw Butak-Baiachowicz’s unit 172
248
Index
Poles (cont.)
in the armies of the Central Powers 57
in the Habsburg Army 33, 42, 44—6, 48—50,
53, 56, 78, 139, 146, 166
in the Imperial German Army 33, 42,
44-50, 56, 97-9, 111, 138, 181
in the Imperial Russian Army 5, 33, 39,
44-6, 48-9, 50, 55-7, 170, 172
in the Kresy 126, 130, 152—5
in the Napoleonic Wars 36
in the Polish Army 53
in the Polish Legions 7, 41
in the Polish Second Republic 188
in the Polish—Lithuanian
Commonwealth 24, 87
in the Russian Western Territory 20—1
in the Second Polish Republic 6, 27, 28, 187
in the Western Territory (of Russia) 21, 49
in Upper Silesia 96, 104, 176
in Vilnius 83—5, 87
nation state building 45, 187
partition times 4
Polish deportees 64
Polish recruits from Congress Poland drafted
into the Polish Army 53
Polish reRigees 31, 49, 118, 150, 164-5, 169
Polish soldiers and civilians interned by
Czechoslovak authorities 118
Polish soldiers and civilians interned by
Ukrainian authorities 81
Polish soldiers interned by Russian
authorities 189
Polish soldiers interned by the Central
Powers 44
Polish veterans of the First World War 5, 7,
43, 71, 93, 130, 186, 192, 193
Polish veterans of the January Uprising in
Congress Poland (1863) 161
serving in imperial armies 5
Polish armed formations and military institutions
Army of Greater Poland 54, 56, 102—4, 140,
142-3, 157, 179-4, 191
Bartosz Brigade 38
Border Guard (in Stonim) 153
Border Guard (in the Kresy) 153, 191
Civil Commissar at the Mazovian Front 182
Civil Defense 98
Combat Organization 35—6, 38, 179
district command in Cieszyn 117
district company in Olkusz 163
Eleventh Infantry Division 182
Endecja paramilitaries in Congress
Poland 36
Falcon movement 38—9, 42, 44—5, 98, 105
Feliks Jaworskis mounted unit 1,2, 156,
170-1, 184—5
field gendarmerie 158
Fifth Cavalry Regiment 77
Fifth Division of the Polish Army 184
Fifth Legions’ Infantry Regiment 71, 92-3
First Brigade of the Polish Legions 39,
44, 87
First Cadre Company 40, 183
First Lithuanian—Belarusian Infantry
Division 91
First Polish Corps 43, 53-4, 57, 91
Fortieth Infantry Regiment 158
Forty-first Suwalki Infantry Regiment 91
Fourth Rifle Division (‘Wild Division) 171
garrison of Cieszyn 120
garrison of Gniezno 164
garrison of Grudziqdz 164
garrison of Lodz 164
garrison of Piiiczow 164
garrison of Wieluh 166
gendarmerie in the Kresy 153
General District Command in Lviv 169
General Staff 55, 107, 117, 142, 169
Haller Army 37, 44, 53-4, 56, 77, 80, 86,
91, 111, 121-2, 140, 142, 157-8, 161-5,
179-84, 191
High Command of the Polish Forces in
Lviv 167, 169
Inspectorate General of the Infantry 158, 192
insurgent army during the January Uprising
in Congress Poland (1863) 133
Jozef Sila- Nowicki s Volunteer Cavalry
Division 171
Lucjan ¿eligowskis unit 91—2, 186
Main Administration of the Polish Forces in
Ukraine 77
military authorities addressing Polish soldiers
acts of violence 10, 165, 178, 180
Military Command of the Polish
Railway 162
Military Command of the railway station in
Tarnbw 162
military courts 149
Military Gendarmerie Command 162-4
Military Gendarmerie Division Command in
Kielce 164
Military Gendarmerie Division Command
no. 8 163, 164
Military Gendarmerie Headquarters in
Warsaw 162
military gendarmerie in Lublin 162
Military Governor of Warsaw 158
military intelligence service 109
military police in Warsaw 178
Military-Political Committee 121
Nineteenth Infantry Regiment for the
Relief of Lviv 9
Nineteenth Volhynian Cavalry
Regiment 1—2
Office of Military History 7, 178
paramilitaries in Cieszyn Silesia 119—20
paramilitaries in Congress Poland 38, 42
paramilitaries in Galicia 100
Index
249
paramilitaries in Galicia (Austrian province)
4, 33, 38-9, 41-2
paramilitaries in Greater Poland 100,
102, 175
paramilitaries in the Second Polish Republic
(creation) 70
paramilitaries in Upper Silesia 95, 102,
108-11, 169, 175, 185
Polish Army (alienating the non-Polish
population in the Kresy) 88, 130, 153—5
Polish Army (anti-Semitism) see Jews:
anti-Semitism in the Polish Army
Polish Army (as relief force for Poles in
Vilnius) 85—6, 88, 90, 92
Polish Army (disciplinary problems) 135,
146, 158-9, 165-6
Polish Army (discord) 56, 181, 183, 193-4
Polish Army (ethnic composition) 54, 88, 192
Polish Army (formation) 5, 34, 36, 38,
43-4, 53-4, 56, 86, 93, 194
Polish Army (Kiev Offensive) 82, 127
Polish Army (mobilization against Soviet
Russia) 131-2, 137
Polish Army (morale) 133—5,137,184
Polish Army (Ring of Zamosc) 136
Polish Army (supply problems) 53-4, 109,
135, 137, 158-9, 183
Polish Army (supporting Polish paramilitaries
in the Kresy) 170
Polish Army (supporting Polish paramilitaries
in Upper Silesia) 111
Polish Auxiliary Corps 139
Polish High Command 118, 142, 158, 163,
166, 180-1
Polish Legions 3-4, 26, 36, 39-42, 44—5,
47, 53, 56-7, 72, 78, 118, 133, 157, 179,
181, 183
Polish Legions (in Napoleons army) 100
Polish Military Cadres 139,166
Polish Military Force 43-4, 53
Polish Military Organization 41-3, 52—3,
55-6, 78, 85, 90, 93, 97, 99, 101,
107-8, 110-12, 120, 133, 139, 142,
157, 181
Polish Rifle Brigade 42—3, 91, 170
Polish Rifle Squad 38
Polish Striking Force 112
Polish units in imperial armies 44—5
Polish units in Russia 91
Polish units in the Habsburg Army 38—9, 42
Polish units in the Imperial Russian
Army 4-5, 42, 44, 49, 77, 91
Pulawy Legion 42
rifle clubs 39
riflemen in Galicia (Austrian province)
38-40, 45
Roman Abrahams unit 146, 166—9, 171,
^ 184-5
Scythemen 134
Second Brigade of the Polish Legions 39, 44
Second Division of the Haller Army 184
Second Legions’ Infantry Division 135—6
Second Polish Corps 43-4, 53
Second Uhlan Regiment 122
Secret Military Organization 119
Self-Defense (in the Kresy) 85
Self-Defense (in Vilnius) 85—6
Silesian Confederation 119
Sixth Army Command 169
soldiers and paramilitaries in Greater
Poland 86, 144
soldiers and paramilitaries in Lviv 10,
77-9, 139
soldiers from central Poland in Volhynia 171
St an i slaw Bulak-Bafachowiczs ‘National
Volunteer Army (1940) 186
Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 173—4,
184-5
Third Army 174
Third Division of the Haller Army 184
Third Polish Corps 43, 53
Uhlans in the Polish Army 136
Union for Active Struggle 38-9
Union of the Veterans of National
Uprisings 186
units of the Polish Army from eastern
Galicia 146
Volunteer Army 53—4, 56, 123, 131—2,
157-8, 164
War Ministry 54-5, 119, 169, 174,
179, 192
Polish—German armed formations and military
institutions
Plebiscite Police 109
Pomerania see Poland: Pomerania
Porter, Brian 191
Potulicki-Skorzewski, Jerzy 147
Povorsk (Ukr. Povor’sk, Pol. Poworsk) 151
Poznan (Germ. Posen) 49, 53, 97—100, 103,
106-7, 123, 140-4, 157, 181
Poznan district 164
Poznan province 97—8, 100—2, 104, 138,
141, 183
Prague 117
Protectorate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with
Ukraine, 1918) 44, 57, 73, 76
Prudnik (Germ. Neustadt O.S.) Ill
Prusin, Alexander Victor 190
Prystor, Aleksander 88
Przybylski, Adam 166
Pskov (Est. Opskova) 172—3
Punin, Leonid 172
Puttkamer, Joachim von 60
Pytel, Private 134—6, 146-7
Rathenau, Walther 186
Rawicz district 95
Reder, Eva 178
250
Index
Renan, Ernest 1
Reymont, Wladyslaw 23
Riga 64, 125-6, 128, 186
Roja, Boleslaw 78
Rolf, Malte 36
Romania
Bessarabia 68
Bukovina 68, 78
Kingdom of Romania 28, 67—8, 160
Kingdom of Romania (population) 28, 31,
67-8
nation state building 68
Transylvania 68
Romanians
in the Kingdom of Romania 28
in Yugoslavia 27
Römer, Michal (Lit. Römeris, My kolas) 59,
87-9,91,94,154
Rothschild, Joseph 193
Russia
anti-German encroachments in the Western
Territory 159
anti-Jewish pogroms 19
anti-Jewish violence in the Western Territory
(1914—15) 159
anti-Polish encroachments in the Western
Territory (1914-15) 159
armed formations and military institutions
see Russian armed formations and military
institutions
atrocities of Red Army soldiers 75
Bolsheviks 1, 51, 61, 76, 81, 125-8, 130,
134, 136, 152, 172
casualties of the Polish—Soviet War 188
casualties of the postwar conflicts 188
desertion 50, 136
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 150
famine in the wake of the First World
War 150
February Revolution (1917) 43, 72, 73
modernity 124
nation state building 20—1, 83
October Revolution (1917) 19, 43, 57,
59-60, 73, 124, 172
Pale of Settlement 21,71
peasants 49, 124
Provisional Government 72—3
Revolution of 1905 4, 19, 35-6, 38, 44,
57, 84
Russian Civil War (1917-22) 31, 43-5,51,
59-62, 65, 74, 76-7, 122-4
Russian Empire 4, 19—20, 25, 35—6, 38—9,
42-3,46-7, 83, 129, 138, 144, 191, 195
Russian Political Committee in Warsaw 174
Siberia 46
southern Russia 75
Soviet Russia 7, 19, 43, 60, 66, 68, 73,
75-6, 92, 124-5, 129-30, 144, 153, 160,
172, 174, 186, 195
Vistula Lands see Poland: Congress Poland
Whites 51,61,76, 81
Russian armed formations and military
institutions
border patrol (in the Kresy) 191
Imperial Russian Army 36, 41—2, 64, 152
Imperial Russian Army (alienating the
non-Russian population of the Western
Territory) 50, 150, 159
Imperial Russian Army (disciplinary
problems) 50
Imperial Russian Army (disintegration) 50,
72, 170
Imperial Russian Army (ethnic
composition) 47, 54
Imperial Russian Army (supply problems) 49
Peasant Armies 61
Red Army 153
Red Army (alienating the population in
eastern Ukraine) 75
Red Army (capture of Warsaw in 1945) 156
Red Army (fighting the White Army) 51, 74
Red Army (in the Baltic) 122, 125
Red Army (in Vilnius) 86, 90, 92, 124
Red Army (supply problems) 128
Red Cavalry 127, 133, 136
Second Cavalry Division 172
Soviet High Command 128
Third Army 50
Volunteer Army (White) 75, 82
White Army 51, 74, 85, 124, 172
White Army (alienating the population in
eastern Ukraine) 75
Russians
in Congress Poland 19—20, 34
in Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 172
in the Imperial Russian Army 72
in the Kresy 152—3
in the Polish Army 54
in the Republic of Estonia 28
in the Republic of Latvia 28
in the Russian Empire 16
in the Russian Western Territory 21
in Vilnius 83-4
Red Army soldiers 136
Red Army soldiers captured by Stanislaw
Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 174
Red Army soldiers interned by Polish
authorities 189
Russian refugees 31, 150, 165
Russo—Japanese War (1904—5) 18
Salomon, Ernst von 111
Sanborn, Joshua 62, 190
Satelli, Commander 111
Schiller, Friedrich 16
Schlichte, Klaus 185
Schlieffen Plan 46
Schwarzenberg-Czerny, Jerzy 169
Serbia see Yugoslavia: Serbia
Index
251
Serbs
in the armies of the Entente 27
in Yugoslavia 27—8, 68
Sheptyts’ky, Andrey 79
Siberia see Russia: Siberia
Siedlce 183
Sikora, Major 117
Sikorski, Walerj an 169
Sikorski, Wladyslaw 92
Sila-Nowicki, Jozef 171
Silesia see Germany: Silesia
Skaradzinski, Bohdan 132
Skoczow (Czech Skocov) vii, 129
Skoropadskyi, Pavlo 73-4
Slavs 88
fighting each other in the wake of the First
World War vii
in Greater Poland 99, 104
in Yugoslavia 68
Russian Bolsheviks seen as 136
Slawek, Walery 88
Slovakia see Czechoslovakia: Slovakia
Slovaks
in Czechoslovakia 66
in the First Czechoslovak Republic 28
in the Habsburg Army 46
in Yugoslavia 27—8
Slovak refugees 118
Slovak soldiers and civilians interned by
Polish authorities 118
Slovenes
in the eastern Adriatic 68
in Yugoslavia 27
Slowikowski, Michal 133—7, 147
Smele, Jonathan D. 59
Smigty-Rydz, Edward 165
Snejdarek, Josef 118
Snyder, Timothy 24, 57, 95, 194
Sosnkowski, Kazimierz 192
Sosnowiec 163
Sosnowiec (Germ. Sosnowitz) 112
Southeastern Europe
between the World Wars 16
casualties of the First World War 149
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 150
Eastern Front 51
marauding soldiers and paramilitaries 70
minorities 28, 32
nation state building 27, 31, 60
nationstates 16
postwar conflicts 60, 66
Spain
Spanish Netherlands 16
spin-off groups 185-6,190—1
Spis (Pol. Spisz) 118, 120
St. Petersburg (Russ. Petrograd) 20, 48, 72—3,
87,173
Stach, Stephan 194
Stachiewicz, Julian 142
Stauter-Halsted, Keely 23
Stempowski, Hubert 170
Stempowski, Pawel 156
Stempowski, Stanislaw 154—6, 170
Stonava (Pol. Stonawa) 119
Struve, Kai 23
Strzelce Opolskie (Germ. Groß
Streb litz) 111—12
Sulejöw 193
Suwalki see Poland: Suwalki
Switzerland
Swiss Confederation 154
Szczypiorno 121
Szpikolosy (Ukr. Shpykolosy) 136
Tarnopol (Ukr. TernopiP) 184
Tarnow 162
Tartu 125, 154
Tatars
in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 24
Terezin 46
Thaer, Albrecht von 101
Ther, Philipp 30
Thirty Years War (1618-48) 62
Thucydides 63
Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz, Michal 158,171,192
Toruh 143
Transdanubia see Hungary: Transdanubia
Transylvania see Romania: Transylvania
Traverso, Enzo 60
Treaty of Lausanne (1923) 30
Treaty of Rapallo (1922) 69
Trotsky, Leon 127
Turkey
postwar conflicts 8
Republic of Turkey 8
Turks
in the Hellenic Republic 30
in the Republic of Bulgaria 28
in Yugoslavia 27
Turkish refugees 30
Tutejsi 83, 136
Ukraine 9, 11, 24, 52, 66, 73-5, 96, 123, 155,
161, 172, 182, 184, 189
All-Ukrainian National Congress 76
anti-Jewish pogroms 95, 159
armed formations and military institutions
see Ukrainian armed formations and
military institutions
atrocities in the wake of the First World
War 188
Bolsheviks 75—6
casualties of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict
80-1, 95, 188, 189
casualties of the postwar conflicts 188
Central Council 73—4
central Ukraine 43
desertion 80, 154
Directorate 74
252
Index
Ukraine (cont.)
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 81—2, 150, 189
eastern Ukraine 73—7, 80
famine in the wake of the First World
War 189
Hetmanate 73—4, 76
minorities 76—7
nation 72
nation state building 72—6, 94, 127—8
nationalists 61, 72, 75, 127
peasants 2, 72-5, 77, 80, 94, 105, 127, 136,
146, 152, 155-6
south-eastern Ukraine 74
Soviet Ukraine 82, 126—7
Ukrainian National Republic 44, 73—7,
81-2, 126-7, 155
Ukrainian National Republic
(population) 83
Ukrainian Soviet Republic 75
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 27
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine 72
wartime destruction 189
West Ukrainian National Republic 60,
77-82, 127, 129, 139, 154-5
West Ukrainian Republic 127
Western Ukraine 74, 76—7
Ukrainian armed formations and military
institutions
Army of the Hetmanate 73-4
First Ukrainian Rifle-Cossack Division 73
First Ukrainian Soldiers’ Congress 73
materializing in 1917 72
military elite 72
Nestor Makhnos Peasant Army 161
paramilitaries in the West Ukrainian National
Republic 70
Peasant Armies 74, 161, 170
Sich Riflemen 72, 74, 78, 156
soldiers and paramilitaries in Lviv 10, 77—9,
100, 139, 167-9
soldiers and paramilitaries in Volhynia 155
Ukrainian Army (formation) 73
Ukrainian Army (under the Command of
Symon Pediura) 74,81—2, 127
Ukrainian Galician Army 80—1, 103,
127, 154
Ukrainian Galician Army (disintegration)
80, 82
Ukrainian Galician Army (formation) 80
Ukrainian Galician Army (struck by
typhus) 82
Ukrainian units in the Habsburg Army
73-4, 77
War Ministry (of the Ukrainian National
Republic) 127
Zaporizhian Cossacks 74
Ukrainians 2, 30, 75, 82, 189
in eastern Galicia 77, 80—1, 169
in Galicia (Austrian province) 22, 34—5, 72
in Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowiczs unit 172
in the Habsburg Army 72, 78, 80
in the Imperial Russian Army 72—3
in the Kresy 29, 126, 129-30, 136, 143,
154, 156, 184
in the Polish Legions 41
in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth 24
in the Russian Empire 16, 72
in the Russian Western Territory 21, 35
in the Second Polish Republic 27—8
Ukrainian refugees 31, 150, 165
Ukrainian soldiers and civilians interned by
Polish authorities 81, 146, 189
Ukrainian soldiers interned by the Central
Powers 72
Ukrainian veterans of the First World War in
Poland 192
volunteering for the Ukrainian Galician
Army 154
Ulitzka, Carl 105
Upper Silesia see Poland: Upper Silesia
Upper Silesians 96, 104-5, 107, 114-15
in the Imperial German Army 48, 106
in the Polish Army 163
in the Reichswehr 106
Vatican 133, 180
Velychenko, Stephen 81
Vienna (Pol. Wieden, Ukr. Viden Germ.
Wien) 16,85
Vilnius (Pol. Wilno) 21—2, 26, 53, 65,
83-94, 124, 128-30, 160, 172, 177, 186,
188-9, 193
Vinnytsia (Pol. Winnica) 154, 156, 170
Vlachs
in Yugoslavia 27
Vogt, Dietrich 95
Volhynia see Poland: Volhynia
Warmia see Germany: Warmia
Warmia, people from 114
Warsaw (Pol. Warszawa) 3, 5—6, 26, 35, 43, 46,
52, 57, 87-9, 97, 99-100, 107, 112, 117,
122-3, 127, 129, 133-6, 138-44, 147,
154-6, 158, 161-2, 169, 174, 178-80,
183, 186, 192, 194
Warsaw district 142, 164
Warsaw Uprising (1944) 156
Washington, DC 161
Wasilewski, Leon 86
Weeks, Theodore R. 84, 88
Weitz, Eric D. 147
Wendland, Weronika 87
West Prussia see Germany: West Prussia
Western Allies 25, 28, 30—2, 43, 51, 54, 69,
82, 85, 90, 96, 100-1, 104, 110,
118-19, 121, 124-5, 138, 140-2,
160, 177
Index
253
Western Europe 25, 44
postwar conflicts 11
Western Front 26, 43, 45—6, 51, 57, 59,
85, 128
Western Territory (of Russia) see Poland:
Western Territory (of Russia)
Western Ukraine see Ukraine: Western
Ukraine
Wieluri 166
Wilhelm von Habsburg 74, 78
Wilson, Woodrow 25, 61, 103, 195
Winniski, Kazik 70
Witos, Wincenty 58, 135, 139, 143
Wlodawa 184
Wojciechowski, Stanislaw 194
world revolution 124, 128
Worwan-Nawrocki, Konrad de 165
Wrobel, Piotr 190
Wybicki, Jozef 100
Yekelchyk, Serhy 74, 81, 127
Yudenich, Nikolai 172
Yugoslav armed formations and
military institutions see also Balkan
armed formations and military
institutions
paramilitaries in Macedonia 70
police units in Macedonia 70
Serbian Army 70
Yugoslav Wars (1991—2001 ) 28
Yugoslavia
armed formations and military institutions
see Yugoslav armed formations and military
institutions
Bosnia 70
Croatia 69, 160
Dalmatia 70
desertion 69
diseases in the wake of the First World
War 150
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes 67—70
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
(population) 27—8, 31
Kosovo 68, 191
Macedonia 68—9
nation state building 70
National Council of Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes 69—70
Serbia 150
Zabrze (Germ. Hindenburg O.S.) 109
Zamos é 136
Zamoyski, Adam 56
Zawada 162
Zbaraz (Ukr. Zbarazfo) 184
Zeligowski, Lucjan 91—3, 128, 186
Zolochiv (Pol. Zloczàw) 155
Zurawno (Ukr. Zhuravno) 167, 169
Zychowicz, Piotr 171
Bayerisch
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Böhler, Jochen 1969- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)130351466 |
| author_facet | Böhler, Jochen 1969- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Böhler, Jochen 1969- |
| author_variant | j b jb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044954178 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 4690 NQ 1068 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1078667110 (DE-599)BSZ502655410 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1921 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1921 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV044954178 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:05:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198794486 0198794487 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030346881 |
| oclc_num | 1078667110 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-824 DE-188 DE-12 DE-M352 DE-B1595 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-824 DE-188 DE-12 DE-M352 DE-B1595 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 253 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The greater war 1912-1923 |
| spelling | Böhler, Jochen 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)130351466 aut Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland Jochen Böhler First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2018 253 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The greater war 1912-1923 Geschichte 1918-1921 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd rswk-swf Grenzkonflikt (DE-588)4158142-8 gnd rswk-swf Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 s Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 s Grenzkonflikt (DE-588)4158142-8 s Geschichte 1918-1921 z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/4d0c91e99ca44f86bccb5eea32d85793 rezensiert in: WerkstattGeschichte, 2021, 84 (2/2021), S. 163-165 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Böhler, Jochen 1969- Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd Grenzkonflikt (DE-588)4158142-8 gnd Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4008784-0 (DE-588)4158142-8 (DE-588)4075230-6 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland |
| title_auth | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland |
| title_exact_search | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland |
| title_full | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland Jochen Böhler |
| title_fullStr | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland Jochen Böhler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 the reconstruction of Poland Jochen Böhler |
| title_short | Civil war in Central Europe, 1918-1921 |
| title_sort | civil war in central europe 1918 1921 the reconstruction of poland |
| title_sub | the reconstruction of Poland |
| topic | Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd Grenzkonflikt (DE-588)4158142-8 gnd Nationenbildung (DE-588)4075230-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bürgerkrieg Grenzkonflikt Nationenbildung Polen |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/4d0c91e99ca44f86bccb5eea32d85793 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030346881&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bohlerjochen civilwarincentraleurope19181921thereconstructionofpoland |