Plant ecology:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Berlin
Springer
[2019]
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| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 926 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783662562314 |
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| 084 | |a BIO 420f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Schulze, Ernst-Detlef |d 1941- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)121093646 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Pflanzenökologie |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant ecology |c Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer |c [2019] | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 926 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |c 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzenökologie |0 (DE-588)4045575-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a PST | ||
| 653 | |a PST | ||
| 653 | |a Molecular ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Whole plant ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Ecosystem ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Community ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Global ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biodiversity | ||
| 653 | |a Physiological ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biophysical ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biological diversity | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Pflanzenökologie |0 (DE-588)4045575-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Beck, Erwin |d 1937- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133965228 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Buchmann, Nina |d 1965- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1089335504 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clemens, Stephan |d 1963- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128847832 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus |d 1936- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133991776 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael |d 1968- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1111807833 |4 aut | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Springer-Verlag GmbH |0 (DE-588)1065168780 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-662-56233-8 |
| 780 | 0 | 0 | |i Vorangegangen ist |z 978-3-540-20833-4 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030298927&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030298927 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1817967995731836928 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
REFERENCES
.
5
PART
I
MOLECULAR
STRESS
PHYSIOLOGY
2
GENERAL
THEMES
OF
MOLECULAR
STRESS
PHYSIOLOGY
.
9
2.1
DEFINITIONS
AND
CONCEPTS
.
10
2.1.1
STRESS
.
10
2.1.2
QUANTIFICATION
OF
STRESS
.
14
2.1.3
ESCAPE-RESISTANCE-AVOIDANCE-TOLERANCE
.
19
2.1.4
STRESS
RESPONSES-ACCLIMATION-ADAPTATION
.
20
2.1.5
FILTERS
DETERMINING
SPECIES
DISTRIBUTION
.
22
2.2
ACTIVATION
OF
STRESS
TOLERANCE
AND
AVOIDANCE
MECHANISMS
.
22
2.2.1
STRESS
SENSING
AND
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
25
2.2.2
TRANSCRIPTIONAL
CONTROL
.
27
2.2.3
OXIDATIVE
STRESS
.
28
2.2.4
LONG-DISTANCE
STRESS
SIGNALLING
.
31
2.2.5
THE
MODEL
SYSTEM
ARABIDOPSIS
THALIANA
.
33
2.3
STRESS
AND
GROWTH
REGULATION
.
35
2.4
MOLECULAR
BASIS
OF
ESCAPE
AND
ANTICIPATION
OF
STRESS
.
37
2.4.1
CIRCADIAN
RHYTHMS
.
38
2.4.2
ANTICIPATION
OF
SEASONAL
CHANGES
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
.
40
2.4.3
DEVELOPMENTAL
SWITCHES
TRIGGERED
BY
FAVOURABLE
CONDITIONS
.
47
2.4.4
TRANS-GENERATIONAL
STRESS
MEMORY
.
49
SUMMARY
.
50
REFERENCES
.
53
3
LIGHT
.
57
3.1
THE
DUAL
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
LIGHT
.
58
3.2
VISIBLE
LIGHT
.
59
3.2.1
AVOIDANCE
OF
LIGHT
STRESS
AND
PERMANENT
OR
DYNAMIC
ACCLIMATION
.
59
3.2.2
OVEREXCITATION
AND
DAMAGE
TO
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
MEMBRANES
.
65
V
VI
CONTENTS
3.2.3
FLEXIBLE
ACCLIMATION
TO
CHANGES
IN
LIGHT
INTENSITY
.
66
3.2.4
CONTINUOUS
LIGHT
.
74
3.2.5
LIGHT
TRIGGERS
PLANT
ADAPTATION
AND
ACCLIMATION
TO
THE
ENVIRONMENT
.
74
3.3
UV-B
RADIATION
.
78
3.3.1
RANGES
OF
ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION
AND
BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY
.
78
3.3.2
ULTRAVIOLET-B
DAMAGE
AND
REPAIR
MECHANISMS
.
80
3.3.3
AVOIDANCE
OF
ULTRAVIOLET-B-INDUCED
STRESS
.
81
3.3.4
ULTRAVIOLET-B
PERCEPTION
AND
SIGNALLING
.
83
3.3.5
CROSSTALK
BETWEEN
ULTRAVIOLET-B
AND
VISIBLE
LIGHT
RESPONSES
.
85
SUMMARY
.
86
REFERENCES
.
88
4
TEMPERATURE
.
91
4.1
THE
TEMPERATURE
CHALLENGE
.
92
4.1.1
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
LIFE
.
92
4.1.2
PLANTS
AS
POIKILOTHERMIC
ORGANISMS
.
92
4.1.3
VARIATIONS
IN
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
.
97
4.1.4
STRATEGIES
TO
COPE
WITH
TEMPERATURE
FLUCTUATIONS
AND
TEMPERATURE
EXTREMES
.
105
4.2
COLD
ACCLIMATION
AND
FREEZING
TOLERANCE
.
105
4.2.1
ADJUSTMENT
OF
MEMBRANE
FLUIDITY
.
106
4.2.2
PREVENTION
OF
PHOTOINHIBITION
.
109
4.2.3
CRYOPROTECTIVE
PROTEINS
.
109
4.2.4
CONTROL
OF
ICE
FORMATION
.
110
4.2.5
SIGNALLING
NETWORKS
INVOLVED
IN
COLD
ACCLIMATION
.
117
4.2.6
FREEZING
AVOIDANCE
AND
FREEZING
TOLERANCE
IN
TROPICAL
HIGH
MOUNTAIN
PLANTS
.
120
4.3
HEAT
STRESS
.
122
4.3.1
HEAT
STRESS
AVOIDANCE
.
124
4.3.2
ACQUIRED
THERMOTOLERANCE
.
124
4.3.3
THE
HEAT
SHOCK
RESPONSE
.
126
4.4
TEMPERATURE
SENSING
.
131
4.4.1
SENSING
OF
EXTREME
TEMPERATURES
.
133
4.4.2
SENSING
OF
AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
CHANGES
.
134
SUMMARY
.
135
REFERENCES
.
139
5
OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY
.
143
5.1
CONDITIONS
OF
FLOODED
SOIL
.
144
5.2
HYPOXIA-INDUCED
DAMAGE:
ENERGY
METABOLISM
OF
PLANTS
UNDER
OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY
.
146
5.3
NATURAL
VARIATION
IN
THE
ABILITY
TO
ENDURE
INUNDATION
BY
WATER
.
147
5.4
ADAPTATIONS
TO
FLOODING-PRONE
HABITATS
.
149
5.4.1
ANATOMICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL
ADAPTATIONS
AND
MODIFICATIONS
.
149
CONTENTS
VII
5.4.2
BIOCHEMICAL
MODIFICATIONS
.
152
5.5
SENSING
OF
FLOODING
AND
ENSUING
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
155
5.5.1
ETHYLENE
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
155
5.5.2
OXYGEN
SENSING
.
157
5.6
REGULATION
OF
AVOIDANCE
AND
TOLERANCE
STRATEGIES
.
157
SUMMARY
.
162
REFERENCES
.
163
6
WATER
DEFICIENCY
(DROUGHT)
.
165
6.1
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
WATER
.
166
6.2
WATER
ACQUISITION
AND
MOVEMENT:
CELLULAR
ASPECTS
.
168
6.2.1
THE
WATER
POTENTIAL
.
169
6.2.2
FACILITATION
OF
INTERCELLULAR
AND
INTRACELLULAR
WATER
FLOW:
AQUAPORINS
.
170
6.3
DROUGHT
STRESS
RESPONSES:
AVOIDANCE
AND
TOLERANCE
.
172
6.3.1
CONTROL
OF
THE
OSMOTIC
POTENTIAL
.
175
6.3.2
PROTECTIVE
PROTEINS
.
177
6.3.3
REGULATION
OF
THE
STOMATAI
APERTURE
.
180
6.4
ACCLIMATION
OF
GROWTH
.
183
6.4.1
INHIBITION
OF
SHOOT
GROWTH
.
184
6.4.2
STIMULATION
OF
ROOT
GROWTH
.
186
6.5
SENSING
OF
WATER
STATUS
AND
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
186
6.5.1
SENSING
OF
WATER
STATUS
.
187
6.5.2
ABA
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
188
6.5.3
ABA-INDEPENDENT
SIGNALLING
.
190
6.6
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
VARIANTS
WITH
IMPROVED
WATER
USE
EFFICIENCY
.
190
6.6.1
C
4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
190
6.6.2
EVOLUTION
OF
C
4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
192
6.6.3
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
.
194
6.6.4
EVOLUTION
OF
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
198
SUMMARY
.
198
REFERENCES
.
201
7
ADVERSE
SOIL
MINERAL
AVAILABILITY
.
203
7.1
MINERAL
NUTRIENTS
.
204
7.2
THE
MINERAL
NUTRITION
CHALLENGE
.
206
7.2.1
ELEMENTS
IN
THE
SOIL
.
207
7.2.2
ELEMENT
TOXICITY
.
208
7.3
NUTRIENT
ACQUISITION
AND
RESPONSES
TO
NUTRIENT
SCARCITY
.
209
7.3.1
MODULATION
OF
NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY
.
209
7.3.2
CELLULAR
ION
TRANSPORT
MECHANISMS
.
212
7.3.3
MODULATION
OF
NUTRIENT
UPTAKE
IN
RESPONSE
TO
DEFICIENCY
.218
7.3.4
INTRACELLULAR
TRANSPORT
AND
CELLULAR
ASPECTS
OF
LONG-DISTANCE
TRANSPORT
.
220
7.3.5
PLASTICITY
OF
ROOT
ARCHITECTURE
AND
RESPONSES
TO
NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
.
222
7.3.6
SENSING
OF
NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY
AND
NUTRIENT
STATUS
.
224
VIII
CONTENTS
7.4
NUTRIENT
ACQUISITION
SYMBIOSES
.
224
7.4.1
MYCORRHIZAE
.
225
7.4.2
NITROGEN
FIXATION
.227
7.4.3
THE
COMMON
SYM
PATHWAY
.
229
7.5
RESPONSES
TO
ELEMENT
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
MECHANISMS
.
230
7.5.1
ESSENTIAL
METAL
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
.
231
7.5.2
METAL
HYPERACCUMULATORS
AS
MODELS
FOR
ADAPTATION
TO
EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
.
233
7.5.3
SODIUM
TOXICITY
.
237
7.5.4
ALUMINIUM
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
.
246
7.5.5
NON-ESSENTIAL
TOXIC
METALS
.249
SUMMARY
.
250
REFERENCES
.
254
8
BIOTIC
STRESS
.
257
8.1
PLANT
DISEASE
CAUSED
BY
PATHOGENS
.
258
8.1.1
TYPES
OF
PATHOGENS:
VIRUSES,
BACTERIA,
FUNGI,
OOMYCETES
AND
NEMATODES
.
259
8.1.2
PATHOGENICITY
MECHANISMS
.
260
8.2
PLANT
DEFENCES
AGAINST
MICROBIAL
PATHOGENS
AND
VIRUSES
.
263
8.2.1
PREFORMED
DEFENCES
AGAINST
BACTERIA,
FUNGI
AND
OOMYCETES
.
264
8.2.2
INDUCIBLE
LOCAL
DEFENCES
.
266
8.2.3
INDUCIBLE
SYSTEMIC
RESISTANCE
.
272
8.2.4
DEFENCE
AGAINST
VIRUSES
VIA
GENE
SILENCING
.
274
8.3
HERBIVORY
.
276
8.3.1
CONSTITUTIVE
DEFENCES
. 277
8.3.2
INDUCIBLE
DEFENCES
AGAINST
HERBIVORES
.
282
8.3.3
HOW
PLANT-HERBIVORE
INTERACTIONS
DRIVE
GENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
287
8.4
PARASITIC
PLANTS
.
290
8.5
ALLELOPATHY
.
293
SUMMARY
.
294
REFERENCES
.297
PART
II
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
BIOPHYSICAL
PLANT
ECOLOGY
9
THERMAL
BALANCE
OF
PLANTS
AND
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
.
303
9.1
ENERGY
BALANCE
OF
THE
ATMOSPHERIC
BOUNDARY
LAYER
. 304
9.2
MICROCLIMATE
NEAR
THE
GROUND
SURFACE
.
312
9.2.1
DAILY
CHANGES
IN
TEMPERATURE
NEAR
THE
GROUND
.312
9.2.2
MODIFICATION
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
AND
TEMPERATURE
BY
ABIOTIC
FACTORS
.
313
CONTENTS
IX
9.2.3
MODIFICATION
OF
THE
RADIATION
BUDGET
AND
TEMPERATURE
BY
BIOTIC
FACTORS
.314
9.3
ENERGY
BALANCE
OF
LEAVES
. 319
9.4
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
TEMPERATURE
EXTREMES
.
321
9.4.1
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
HIGH
TEMPERATURES
.
322
9.4.2
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
LOW
TEMPERATURES
.
.
325
SUMMARY
.
326
REFERENCES
.
327
10
WATER
RELATIONS
.329
10.1
WATER
AS
AN
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
.
330
10.1.1
WATER
USE
BY
PLANTS
AND
ANIMALS
.
330
10.1.2
AVAILABILITY
OF
WATER
ON
EARTH
.
332
10.1.3
DRIVERS
OF
WATER
FLOW
BETWEEN
THE
SOIL
AND
THE
ATMOSPHERE
. 335
10.2
WATER
TRANSPORT
FROM
THE
SOIL
TO
THE
PLANT
. 339
10.2.1
WATER
UPTAKE
. 339
10.2.2
XYLEM
WATER
TRANSPORT
. 347
10.2.3
PHLOEM
WATER
TRANSPORT
.
353
10.3
TRANSPIRATION
.
356
10.3.1
STOMATAI
RESPONSES
TO
PLANT-INTERNAL
FACTORS
. 359
10.3.2
STOMATAI
RESPONSES
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
.
360
SUMMARY
.
362
REFERENCES
.
363
11
NUTRIENT
RELATIONS
.
367
11.1
AVAILABILITY
OF
SOIL
NUTRIENTS
AND
ION
USE
.
368
11.1.1
PLANT
NUTRIENTS
.
368
11.1.2
AVAILABILITY
OF
NUTRIENTS
IN
SOIL
.
368
11.1.3
GENERAL
ASPECTS
OF
PLANT
NUTRITION
.
371
11.1.4
NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
. 377
11.2
NITROGEN
NUTRITION
.379
11.2.1
NITROGEN
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
. 379
11.2.2
NITROGEN
UPTAKE
AND
NUTRITION
. 379
11.2.3
NITROGEN
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
GROWTH
.
383
11.2.4
NITROGEN
STORAGE
.
385
11.2.5
INSECTIVOROUS
PLANTS
.386
11.2.6
NITROGEN
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
387
11.3
SULPHUR
NUTRITION
.
387
11.3.1
SULPHUR
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
.387
11.3.2
SULPHUR
UPTAKE
AND
PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
.389
11.3.3
INDICATORS
OF
SULPHUR
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
389
11.4
PHOSPHATE
NUTRITION
.
390
11.4.1
PHOSPHORUS
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
.
390
11.4.2
PHOSPHATE
UPTAKE
AND
PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
.
390
11.4.3
INDICATORS
OF
PHOSPHORUS
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
.
391
X
CONTENTS
11.5
ALKALINE
CATION
NUTRITION
.
391
11.5.1
MAGNESIUM
.
391
11.5.2
CALCIUM
.
393
11.5.3
POTASSIUM
.
394
SUMMARY
.
396
REFERENCES
.
397
12
CARBON
RELATIONS
.
401
12.1
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
CO
2
UPTAKE:
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
PHYSICAL
BASIS
.
402
12.1.1
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AS
A
DIFFUSION
PROCESS
.
402
12.1.2
EVOLUTION
OF
C
3
,
C
4
AND
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
PLANT
SPECIES
.
405
12.2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MODELS
AND
CALCULATION
OF
13
C/
L2
C
FLUXES
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
A.
ARNETH)
.
409
12.2.1
RUBISCO-LIMITED
OR
RUBP-SATURATED
RATE
(A
V
)
.
.
409
12.2.2
RUBP
REGENERATION-DEPENDENT
AND
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT-LIMITING
RATE
(AJ).
410
12.2.3
SUPPLY
OF
CO
2
THROUGH
STOMATA
.
410
12.2.4
13
C/
12
C
DISCRIMINATION
.
411
12.3
SPECIFIC
LEAF
AREA,
NITROGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
CAPACITY
.
412
12.3.1
SPECIFIC
LEAF
AREA
.
412
12.3.2
MAXIMUM
RATES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
414
12.4
RESPONSE
OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES
.
414
12.4.1
LIGHT
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
414
12.4.2
TEMPERATURE
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
416
12.4.3
RELATIVE
AIR
HUMIDITY
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.4
NUTRIENT
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.5
WATER
STRESS
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.6
CO
2
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
420
12.4.7
DEVELOPMENTAL
RESPONSES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
421
12.4.8
DAILY
COURSES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
AND
WATER
USE
.
421
12.4.9
DISTRIBUTION
OF
C
3
,
C
4
AND
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
SPECIES
IN
THE
COURSE
OF
EARTH
HISTORY
.
426
12.5
GROWTH
AND
STORAGE
. 428
12.5.1
WHOLE-PLANT
CARBON
BALANCE
AND
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
. 428
12.5.2
RESPIRATION
.
429
12.5.3
GROWTH
.
430
12.5.4
STORAGE
AND
FEEDBACK
.
432
12.6
CARBON
AND
NITROGEN
BALANCE
IN
DIFFERENT
PLANT
TYPES
.
434
12.6.1
ANNUAL
SPECIES
.435
12.6.2
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
.438
12.6.3
PERENNIAL
HERBACEOUS
PLANTS
.
440
12.6.4
WOODY
PLANTS
.
442
SUMMARY
.
448
REFERENCES
.
449
CONTENTS
XI
PART
III
ECOSYSTEM
ECOLOGY
13
ECOSYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS
.
459
13.1
BOUNDARIES
AND
SIZE
OF
ECOSYSTEMS
.
461
13.2
COMPONENTS
OF
AN
ECOSYSTEM
.
462
13.3
ECOSYSTEM
COMPLEXITY
AND
INTERACTIONS
OF
PROCESSES
AND
DRIVERS
.
463
13.3.1
UNPREDICTCD
EXISTENCE
OF
NEIGHBOURS
.463
13.3.2
SCALING
UP
OF
PROCESSES
.
464
13.3.3
RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS
TO
INTERACTING
DRIVERS
.
464
13.3.4
SELF-THINNING
.
465
13.4
CONCEPTS
OF
EQUILIBRIUM,
RESISTANCE
AND
RESILIENCE,
SUSCEPTIBILITY
AND
VULNERABILITY
.
467
13.5
IMPACTS
OF
SLOW
CONTINUOUS
FORCING
AND
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
.
468
13.5.1
SLOW
CONTINUOUS
FORCING
.
469
13.5.2
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
AND
REALLOCATION
OF
POOLS
.
469
13.5.3
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
AND
LOSS
OF
POOLS
.
471
13.5.4
IMPACTS
ON
SPECIES
COMPOSITION
.
472
13.6
ECOSYSTEM
BUDGET
APPROACH
.
475
13.6.1
STAND
GROWTH
.
476
13.6.2
MEAN
RESIDENCE
TIMES
.
476
13.6.3
LOSS
OF
RESOURCES
.
477
SUMMARY
.
479
REFERENCES
.
479
14
APPROACHES
TO
STUDY
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
481
14.1
OBSERVATIONS
.
483
14.1.1
WHOLE-ECOSYSTEM
OBSERVATIONS
.
484
14.1.2
TRANSECTS
AND
CHRONOSEQUENCES
.
488
14.1.3
GRID-BASED
INVENTORIES
.
490
14.1.4
REMOTE
SENSING
.
491
14.1.5
"NATURAL
EXPERIMENTS
*
. 493
14.2
EXPERIMENTS
.
494
14.2.1
MANIPULATIONS
OF
POOLS
AND
PROCESSES
.
494
14.2.2
MANIPULATIONS
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
.
496
14.2.3
MANIPULATIONS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
500
14.2.4
MANIPULATIONS
OF
MANAGEMENT
AND
CHANGES
IN
LAND
COVER
.
502
14.2.5
ARTIFICIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
505
SUMMARY
.
507
REFERENCES
.
508
15
APPROACHES
TO
MODEL
PROCESSES
AT
THE
ECOSYSTEM
LEVEL
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
C.
SIERRA)
.
513
15.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ECOSYSTEM
MODELS
.
514
15.1.1
MODEL
DICHOTOMIES
.
514
15.1.2
MODEL
CLASSES
.
515
15.2
BASIC
APPROACH
TO
MODEL
DEVELOPMENT
.
515
15.3
GENERAL
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODEL
. 517
XII
CONTENTS
15.3.1
CARBON
UPTAKE:
U(T)
. 517
15.3.2
CARBON
ALLOCATION:
B
.
518
15.3.3
CYCLING
RATES
IN
ECOSYSTEM
POOLS:
C
.
518
15.3.4
TRANSFERS
AND
TRANSFORMATIONS
OF
ORGANIC
MATERIAL:
A
. 518
15.3.5
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
ON
CYCLING
RATES:
(T)
.519
15.4
EXAMPLES
OF
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODELS
. 519
15.4.1
SIMPLE
VEGETATION-SOIL
MODEL
.
519
15.4.2
EIGHT-POOL
MODEL
OF
LUO
AND
WENG
(2011)
.
520
15.5
PROPERTIES
OF
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODELS
.
523
15.5.1
ROLE
OF
INPUTS
AND
CYCLING
RATES
ON
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
STORAGE
.
523
15.5.2
RESIDENCE
AND
RESPONSE
TIMES
. 523
15.5.3
DISTURBANCE
EFFECTS
.
524
SUMMARY
.
525
REFERENCES
.
526
16
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
529
16.1
WATER
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
530
16.1.1
WATER
BUDGET
AT
ECOSYSTEM
SCALE
.
530
16.1.2
WATER
UPTAKE
OF
TREES
.
533
16.1.3
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
AT
CANOPY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
SCALES
.
535
16.1.4
IMPOSED
AND
EQUILIBRIUM
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
OF
LEAVES
AND
CANOPIES
.
540
16.1.5
RESPONSES
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
DROUGHT.
.
544
16.2
CARBON
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
545
16.2.1
CARBON
POOLS
AND
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
. 545
16.2.2
DECOMPOSITION
AND
STABILISATION
OF
ORGANIC
MATTER
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
550
16.2.3
NET
ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCTION
AND
NET
BIOME
PRODUCTION
. 555
16.2.4
FLUXES
OF
CH
4
AND
OTHER
BIOGENIC
VOLATILE
ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
.
560
16.3
NITROGEN
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
562
16.4
CATION
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
567
SUMMARY
.
571
REFERENCES
.
573
PART
IV
COMMUNITY
ECOLOGY
AND
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
17
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
IN
TIME
.
583
17.1
INTRODUCTION
.584
17.2
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLANTS
DURING
LIFE
HISTORY
ON
EARTH
.
584
17.2.1
HISTORY
OF
VEGETATION
TO
THE
END
OF
THE
TERTIARY
.
585
17.2.2
CHANGE
OF
CLIMATE
AND VEGETATION
IN
PLEISTOCENE
.
588
17.2.3
LATE
AND
POSTGLACIAL
CLIMATE
AND
VEGETATION
HISTORY
.
589
CONTENTS XIII
17.2.4
CHANGES
IN
VEGETATION
OWING
TO
HUMAN
INFLUENCE
.
596
17.2.5
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ANTHROPOGENIC
INFLUENCES
AND
THEIR
CONSEQUENCES
FOR
VEGETATION
.
612
17.2.6
ANTHROPOGENIC
INFLUENCES
ON
VEGETATION
IN
MEDITERRANEAN,
SAHARAN
AND
TROPICAL
ENVIRONMENTS
.
614
17.3
GENERAL
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
621
17.3.1
SHORT-TERM
AND
SEASONAL
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
.
622
17.3.2
LONG-TERM
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
627
17.3.3
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
AND
STRATEGY
MODELS
.
641
17.3.4
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
AND
INFLUENCE
OF
ANIMALS
.
.
647
17.3.5
FURTHER
ASPECTS
FOR
UNDERSTANDING
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
648
17.4
ECOLOGICAL
STABILITY
OF
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
AND
DISTURBANCES
.
649
SUMMARY
.
650
REFERENCES
.
652
18
SPATIAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
PLANTS
AND
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
.657
18.1
INTRODUCTION
.
658
18.2
PLANT
DISPERSAL
.658
18.2.1
TRAITS
AND
VECTORS
.659
18.2.2
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
DISPERSAL
MECHANISMS
.
662
18.2.3
PROPAGULE
BANK
AND
SEEDLING
ESTABLISHMENT
.
664
18.2.4
DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
.
666
18.3
VEGETATION
GEOGRAPHY
. 667
18.3.1
CHARACTERISATION
AND
INTERPRETATION
OF
AREAS
.667
18.3.2
AREA
TYPES-FLORISTIC
ELEMENTS-PLANT
KINGDOMS
.
.
672
18.4
SPECIES-AREA
RELATIONSHIPS
.
674
18.4.1
EQUILIBRIUM
THEORY
OF
ISLAND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
.
676
18.4.2
*
OCEANIC
*
AND
*
MAINLAND
*
ISLANDS
.
680
18.4.3
MORE
MODELS
OF
ISLAND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
RELATED
TO
THE
NUMBER
OF
SPECIES
AND
AREA
.
682
18.5
PROBLEMS
OF
PATTERN
AND
SCALE
.
684
SUMMARY
.
686
REFERENCES
.
686
19
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
PLANTS,
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
AND
THE
ABIOTIC
AND
BIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
. 689
19.1
INTRODUCTION
.
690
19.2
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
SITE
CONDITIONS
.
690
19.2.1
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS.
.
691
19.2.2
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
WEATHERING
AND
TOPOGRAPHY
.
694
19.2.3
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
SOILS
.
695
19.3
INTERACTIONS
AMONG
PLANTS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
C.
F.
DORMANN)
.
696
19.3.1
POSITIVE
AND
NEUTRAL
PLANT-PLANT
INTERACTIONS
.
696
19.3.2
COMPETITION
AND
COEXISTENCE
.
700
19.3.3
COMPETITION
AND
ITS
CONSEQUENCES
FOR
PLANT
COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE
AND
DIVERSITY
.
709
XIV
CONTENTS
19.3.4
RELEVANCE
OF
PLANT-PLANT
INTERACTIONS
FOR
PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS
.
711
19.4
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
PLANTS
AND
ANIMALS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
H.
M.
SCHAEFER)
.
714
19.4.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
PLANT-ANIMAL
INTERACTIONS
.
717
19.4.2
EVOLUTIONARY
HISTORY
OF
BIOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
.
718
19.4.3
HERBIVORY
.
722
19.4.4
CARNIVORY
.
727
19.4.5
POLLINATION
.
728
19.4.6
SEED
DISPERSAL
BY
ANIMALS
. 733
19.4.7
MYCORRHIZAL
SYMBIOSIS
.735
19.4.8
INFLUENCES
OF
ABIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
ON
PLANT-ANIMAL
INTERACTIONS
.
736
SUMMARY
.
737
REFERENCES
.738
20
BIODIVERSITY
.
743
20.1
INTRODUCTION
.
744
20.2
VARIOUS
FACETS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
. 745
20.2.1
COMPOSITIONAL
DIVERSITY
.
746
20.2.2
STRUCTURAL
DIVERSITY
.
754
20.2.3
FUNCTIONAL
DIVERSITY
.
756
20.2.4
PHYLOGENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
763
20.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
765
20.3.1
LATITUDINAL
GRADIENTS
. 767
20.3.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
HETEROGENEITY
.
769
20.3.3
PRODUCTIVITY
*
SPECIES
RICHNESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
772
20.3.4
BIODIVERSITY,
ASSEMBLY
RULES
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
FILTERS
.
776
20.4
BIODIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.
779
20.4.1
SPECIES
IDENTITY
AND
DOMINANCE
EFFECTS
ON
ECOSYSTEM
PROCESSES
.
781
20.4.2
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
.
783
20.4.3
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
OTHER
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
.
792
20.4.4
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
OTHER
TROPHIC
LEVELS
.
794
20.4.5
BIODIVERSITY
AND
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
.
795
20.4.6
DIFFERENT
METRICS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
AFFECTING
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.797
20.4.7
CONTEXT
DEPENDENCY
OF
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
ECOSYSTEMS
. 798
20.4.8
PLANT
BIODIVERSITY
AND
THE
STABILITY
OF
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.
801
20.4.9
MECHANISMS
UNDERLYING
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
RELATIONSHIPS
.802
20.4.10
VALUE
OF
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
RESEARCH
.
811
SUMMARY
.
814
REFERENCES
.
815
CONTENTS
XV
PART
V
GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
21
GLOBAL
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
.
827
21.1
DISTRIBUTION
OF
GLOBAL
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
828
21.2
GLOBAL
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
.
828
21.2.1
GLOBAL
CARBON
CYCLE
.
831
21.2.2
GLOBAL
WATER
CYCLE
.
833
21.2.3
GLOBAL
NITROGEN
CYCLE
.
836
21.2.4
GLOBAL
SULPHUR
CYCLE
.
837
21.3
ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
.
838
SUMMARY
.
840
REFERENCES
.
840
22
DYNAMIC
GLOBAL
VEGETATION
MODELS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
S.
ZAEHLE)
.
843
22.1
ANATOMY
OF
A
DGVM
.
844
22.2
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLING
.
846
22.2.1
PLANT
CARBON
ASSIMILATION
.
846
22.2.2
PLANT
GROWTH
.
847
22.2.3
DECAY
OF
LITTER
AND
SOIL
ORGANIC
MATTER
.
848
22.2.4
HYDROLOGICAL
CYCLE
.
848
22.2.5
NUTRIENT
CYCLES
.
848
22.3
BIOGEOGRAPHY
.
849
22.3.1
CONCEPT
OF
PLANT
FUNCTIONAL
TYPES
IN
MODELS
.
849
22.3.2
SCALING
FROM
PLANT
TO
COMMUNITY
. 850
22.3.3
DISTURBANCES
.
851
22.3.4
ANTHROPOGENIC
LAND
USE
AND
DISTURBANCE
.
852
22.4
EVALUATING
DGVMS
.
852
22.4.1
ECOSYSTEM
GAS
EXCHANGE
MEASUREMENTS
.
852
22.4.2
NPP
AND
INVENTORIES
.
854
22.4.3
REMOTELY
SENSED
VEGETATION
GREENNESS
.
854
22.4.4
ATMOSPHERIC
CO
2
MONITORING
.854
22.4.5
ECOSYSTEM
MANIPULATION
EXPERIMENTS
.
855
22.5
APPLICATIONS
OF
DGVMS
. 856
22.6
CONCLUSIONS
AND
OUTLOOK
.
857
SUMMARY
.
858
REFERENCES
.
858
23
GLOBAL
CHANGE
AND
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
865
23.1
GLOBAL
CHANGE
.
866
23.2
LAND
USE
AND
LAND-USE
CHANGE
.
868
23.2.1
AGRICULTURE
AND
FORESTRY
.
869
23.2.2
CONSEQUENCES
OF
LAND
USE
ON
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
POOLS
AND
FLUXES
. 870
23.3
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
876
23.3.1
CHANGES
IN
ATMOSPHERIC
CONDITIONS
.
876
23.3.2
RESPONSES
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
882
23.3.3
FEEDBACKS
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
CLIMATE
.
.
.
885
XVI
23.4
CHANGES
IN
BIODIVERSITY
.
887
23.5
GLOBAL
AGREEMENTS
TO
ADDRESS
GLOBAL
ECOLOGICAL
CHALLENGES
.
891
23.5.1
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
.
891
23.5.2
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
893
SUMMARY
.
894
REFERENCES
.
895
SPECIES
INDEX
.
901
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
909
CONTENTS |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)121093646 (DE-588)133965228 (DE-588)1089335504 (DE-588)128847832 (DE-588)133991776 (DE-588)1111807833 |
| author_facet | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- |
| author_variant | e d s eds e b eb n b nb s c sc k m h kmh m s l msl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044905232 |
| classification_rvk | ZA 51100 WI 2010 |
| classification_tum | BIO 420f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1009079027 (DE-599)DNB1142124584 |
| dewey-full | 570 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 570 - Biology |
| dewey-raw | 570 |
| dewey-search | 570 |
| dewey-sort | 3570 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV044905232 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-09T13:03:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065168780 |
| isbn | 9783662562314 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030298927 |
| oclc_num | 1009079027 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-634 DE-29T DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-703 DE-188 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-634 DE-29T DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-703 DE-188 DE-384 |
| physical | xxi, 926 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)121093646 aut Pflanzenökologie Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Second edition Berlin Springer [2019] xxi, 926 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd rswk-swf PST Molecular ecology Whole plant ecology Ecosystem ecology Community ecology Global ecology Biodiversity Physiological ecology Biophysical ecology Biological diversity (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 s DE-604 Beck, Erwin 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)133965228 aut Buchmann, Nina 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1089335504 aut Clemens, Stephan 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)128847832 aut Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)133991776 aut Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)1111807833 aut Springer-Verlag GmbH (DE-588)1065168780 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-662-56233-8 Vorangegangen ist 978-3-540-20833-4 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030298927&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- Plant ecology Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045575-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Plant ecology |
| title_alt | Pflanzenökologie |
| title_auth | Plant ecology |
| title_exact_search | Plant ecology |
| title_full | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_fullStr | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_short | Plant ecology |
| title_sort | plant ecology |
| topic | Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pflanzenökologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030298927&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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