Stalin's legacy in Romania: the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2018]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Harvard Cold War studies book series
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 397 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781498551212 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction: Nationalism and Communism in a
Stalinist Ecosystem ix
1 Managing Ethnic Diversity: From Greater Romania to the
Soviet Model 1
2 Stalin s Gift: The Creation of the Hungarian
Autonomous Region 51
3 Romanian Drivers in the Hungarian Car: Center and
Periphery after Stalin 95
4 The Stalinist Greenhouse: Everyday Life in a
Little Hungary 143
5 The Impact of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution in Romania 215
6 Checkmate: The Launch of the Romanian National
Communist Project 283
Conclusion: Overcoming Stalin s Legacy? 347
Bibliography 359
Index 379
About the Author 397
v
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ARCHIVES
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Index
Page references for figures are italicized.
Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic, within Georgian Soviet
Socialist Republic, 144
Ablonczy, Balâzs, 22
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast in the
Soviet Union, 75
agriculture; 1945 land reform in
Romania, 33; collectivization
of, xvi, 37, 56, revolts against
collectivization of in the Székely
Land, 61, 186; opposition of
Luca and Pauker to fast-track
collectivization of, 63; suspension
of, 104, 114; investment in, 201;
cooperatives, 100; production rates
in Székely Land, 202; anti-kulak
campaign, 63, 76, 80, 95-96, 111;
compulsory deliveries of products,
64, 95, 100, 115, 127,155; abolition
of compulsory deliveries, 308-9;
completion of collectivization in
HAR, 308-10
Aiud, prison of, 65; Reformed College
of, 168
Alba Iulia; Romanian National
Assembly of, 32; 1918 Resolution
of, 144; as the seat of the Roman
Catholic diocese of, 262-63, 265, 267
Albeçti (Fehéregyhâza) burial site of
Sândor Petôfi, 220, 242
Alexandru Papiu Ilarian College,
Targu Mure§, 322
Ander, Zolt n, 74, 101
Aluni§ (Magyar6), 335
Andies, Erzs^bet, 133
Andrdsofszky, Tibor, 313-15
Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich, as
Soviet ambassador to Hungary,
124
Antal, Ldszl6, 299
Antalffy, Endre, 169, 171, 225, 251
Antalffy, Hermina, 171
anti-corruption campaign of 1958, 187,
295-300
anti-religious campaign, 102,106-9,
135, 178, 188, 266
anti-Semitism, in Hungary and
among Hungarians in
Transylvania, 7, 21-22, 62, 99; anti-
Semitic campaign of 1952-53 in
Soviet Union and Romania, 79, 99,
291; anti-Semitic surge of 1958 in
Romania, 291, 294
Anton, Mioara, xix
Apostol, Gheorghe, 111-12
Arad, 131, 207n57, 223, 260, 304
Arkhipov, P., Soviet specialist in
nationality issues, 57-59
Armenians, 23, 69; in Transylvania, 2,
321
379
380
Index
Association of Szekely University
Students (Szekely Egyetemi §s
Ediskolai Hallgatok Egyesulete), 8
Association of Szekely Youth (Szekely
Ifjak Tdrsasdga), 232, 242, 286
Asztalos, Istv i, 117
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (Dual
Monarchy), 4, 7,12, 70,133, 288. See
also Habsburg Empire
autonomy; plans of in the interwar
period; 13, cultural 13,105;
territorialization of autonomy
in Romania, 51, 79; exclusion of
ethnic autonomy from Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, 26;
political police struggle against
Hungarian autonomy claims, 39;
Soviet support for autonomy in
Transylvania, 39, 68; autonomy of
Szekely Land in the Middle Ages,
76; Szekely autonomy as a catalyst
of nationality conflicts, 79; public
debate on the meaning of, 82-83;
alternatives to Stalinist autonomy,
130; attempts at institutionalizing
autonomy in HAR, 143-45; as
a source of political capital for
cultural managers, 177; role of in
delaying ethnic change in urban
environment, 195-97; doctrine of
as national in form, socialist in
content , 243; dismantlement of in
post-1956 Romania, 283, 287, 302,
329, 333, 336
Azomure§ Chemical Combine, Targu
Mure§, construction of, 309, 327
BacSu region, 58, 83, 198, 237, 244
Badioc, loan, 127, 225, 227
Baia Mare (Nagybdnya), municipality,
131; region, 72,198, 225, 289, 332
B le Tu§nad (Tusnddfurd6), 4, 80-81,
125
Bal^zs, Lajos, 230
Balia, K roly, Gyalog fecske, drama of,
117
Balogh, Edgdr, 134,168
Banac, Ivo, x
Banat, 10, 30, 33-34, 36,198, 324;
compared to Transylvania, 14, 82
Banc, Iosif, 335
Bdnyai, Jdnos, 8
B nyai, Ldszl6, 74, 83, 301-2
BSrSgan Plain, mass deportation to,
87n32, 111
Barbu, Zeno, 314
Barth, Frederik, xiv
BajagS, loan, ethnic Romanian party
official in HAR, 101,108, 137n31
Behrends, C. Jan, xi
Bemporad, Elissa, 24
Beniuc, Mihai, trip to HAR of in
December 1956, 236
Berde, Maria, 169
Bessarabia, 17, 30-32, 61, 233;
compared to Transylvania, 14, 355
Bethlen, Bela, 189
Bethlen, Istvdn, 13
BicfalSu (Bikfalva), 224
Birman, Elisabeta, 65
Bir6 A., Zoltán, 351
Black Hand (Eekete Kiz), illegal
organization in the HAR, 232
Blaj, 53, 85nll, 259
B16nesi, Em6,162, 234
Bloc of Democratic Parties in 1946
Romanian elections, 36
Blomqvist, Anders, 20
Bodn *a§, Emil, 69,123-24,
Bod6, Julianna, 351
Boj6r, Ldszl6, 314
Bolyai, Farkas, 134-35, 176, 234
Bolyai, Farkas Lyceum, former
Reformed College, Targu Mure§
(Marosvdsdrhely), 209n93, 313,
322; renamed from J6zsef Rangetz
Secondary School, 134
Bolyai, Jdnos, 134-35,176
Bolyai University, Cluj, 35,170, 231,
239, 252, 256, 301, 316, 324; planned
transfer to HAR, 84; dissolution of,
302-3, 315, 318, 321, 332, 350
Bolyai statues, Targu Mure§, erection
of, 135
Index
381
Brandenberger, David, 25
Brasov, municipality (1950-60 officially
Ora§ul Stalin), 54, 60, 62, 78, 85nl2,
131, 164, 191-92, 198, 212nl54, 233,
242; region (1961-68), 331, 333
Brejcu (Bereck), 192
Browning, Christopher, 26
Brubaker, Rogers, xii, 7, 86n24
Bucharest, 10, 67, 77, 80, 81, 120, 158,
164, 168, 170-71, 182, 189, 220,
233, 256, 261, 305, 307, 313, 330,
337; 1946 election results in, 36;
visit of Vyshinsky on October
1944, 28; visit of Rdkosi to, 149,
164; 1959 visit of Kdllai to, 309;
visit of Tito to, 218; Romanian-
Hungarian 1949 party meeting in,
119; 1955-57 Romanian-Hungarian
meetings in, 304; 1958 trip of
Hungarian delegation to, 305;
Soviet representatives / embassy /
advisors to, 6, 56, 64, 65, 84, 303;
Hungarian embassy/ diplomats in,
83, 120,172, 221; party delegations
from to HAR, 77; summoning of
ethnic Hungarian party leaders to,
129,157, 248, 301; educational trip
to Doftana Prison in, 152; adult
illiteracy rate in, 288; communist
party membership in, 34; flights
from T rgu Mure§ to, 192; Jewish
population in, 293; May Day
parade in, 63; nationalization in,
37; political arrests in, 284; state
investments in, 198; Sz^kely
emigration to, 12, 75, 159;
Geological Institute of, 7; Grivifa
Rofie Plant in, 229; Securitate
archives in, 247; Zhdanov Party
University in, 151, 154
Bucur, Maria, 14
Budapest, 4, 7; 1954 visit of Valter
Roman to, 122, 124; 1955 visit
of Simion Bughid and Jdnos
Fazekas to, 123; invitation of Lajos
Csupor to, 149; visit of Gheorghe
Gheorghiu-Dej to, 235; trip of HAR
delegation to, 181; secret mission
of RWP officials to, 223; outbreak
of 1956 revolution in, 223; Warsaw
Pact summit in, 236-37
Budi§teanu, Nicolae, 251, 256, 262, 265
Bughici, Simion, 123
Bugnariu, Tudor, 103, 137n35
Bugyi, P l, HAR People s Council
Chairman 1952-1958, 77, 97, 115,
129, 144-45, 150-51, 157, 164, 305,
312, 341nll3
Bukovina; Northern Bukovina, 17,
31-32, 60
Bulgaria, 17; cession of Southern
Dobrudja to, 32; infant mortality
in, 193; suppression of cultural
rights of Turkish minority in, 319;
electrification campaign in, 323
Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic, 219
Butyka, Ferenc (Francisc), 249-50
C£m ra§u (Pusztakamards), 168
Campeanu, Pavel, xi, 271
Carol II, King of Romania, 15
Campia Transilvaniei (Mezoseg),
region in Transylvania, 51
Cardan, Alexandru, 77
Carei (Nagykdroly), raion, 72
Case, Holly, 20
CeangSi (Csdngo), Roman Catholic
population in Moldavia, xiii, 1, 58,
117, 321
Ceau^escu, Nicolae, RWP CC
Secretary 1954-1965, 31, 34,
112, 114, 130, 223, 250, 256, 258,
288-89, 295, 316, 333, 335, 339n66,
351; personal rule of, xi; national
communist project of, xix-xx;
promotion of county system by,
54; rise of within party hierarchy,
112, 144, 162-63, 286, 289, little
cultural revolution of, 166; views
on state security handling of
minority issues of, 238-41, 247;
support for 1968 Prague Spring of,
270; leader of RWP working group
382
Index
on cohabitating nationalities, 301;
role in merging of Cluj universities,
318; visit to HAR of, 330, 332;
Hungarian issue during rule of, 351
census, 1910 Hungarian, 10;
1930 Romanian, 10-11, 258;
1941 Hungarian, 21, 258; 1948
Romanian, 47nl06, 51, 54, 58, 193;
1956 Romanian, 72, 86n24,131,
145, 189,193,195, 288, 290,291;
methodology of 1956 census, 194;
Roman Catholic population in
Transylvania according to 1930
and 1941 censuses, 258; Jewish
population of Romania according
to 1956 census, 290
Central Committee of the Romanian
Communist/Workers Party, 34,
38, 53, 56, 59, 108, 113, 117-18, 126,
132,149,156, 216, 221, 231, 288, 291,
295, 302, 310, 318, 324, 328-30, 332;
Agit-Prop Section of, 78; Control
Commission of, 77, 311; Scientific
and Cultural Section of, 321; May
1952 plenary meeting of, 65; August
1953 plenary meeting of, 102,104;
1953 resolution of on nationality
question, 105; 1956 march plenary
meeting of, 217; June-July 1957
plenary meeting of, 251; November
1958 plenary meeting of, 326; 1960
extraordinary meeting of on Jewish
issue, 294-95; 1962 resolution of
on the elimination of Stalin s cult
in Romania, 336; memorandum
to from HAR RWP leadership,
108,114; 1955 inspection of CC in
HAR, 126-27; 1958 inspection of
CC in HAR, 317-18; report of on
economic development of HAR,
197; daily reports to from HAR in
October 1956, 232; information to
from HAR on the Catholic issue,
260-63; memorandum on Jewish
emigration from Romania, 293;
Central Council of Trade Unions,
335
CemSufi (Chemivtsi, today in
Ukraine), 60
Chi§inevschi, Iosif, 74,143, 217
Chi§inevschi, Liuba, 69
Ciuc (Csfk), county, 51, 56, 85nll
Ciuc (Csik), raion, 58, 70, 73, 109, 126,
211nl26, 239,298; party committee
of, 110
Ciupe, Aurel, 296-97
Cluj (Kolozsv^r) municipality, 1,18,
29, 37, 47nl06, 58, 59, 65, 82, 86n24,
98, 113, 124, 130,131, 148,167, 168,
171, 176, 182,191,192, 210nll5,
216, 220, 222, 225, 228, 242, 249, 252,
253, 254, 286, 289, 305, 349, 350;
Hungarian passport office in, 84,
97,103,120,123; 1951 Soviet plan
for larger HAR with Cluj, 58-59; as
informal capital of Transylvania,
84, 384
Cluj, region, 72, 77, 84, 89n67, 198, 232,
238, 244, 248, 289, 331, 333
cohabitating nationalities, in the
official discourse, 79, 117, 131, 144,
254, 320
Cole, John, xiv-xv
Collectivization. See agriculture
Comintern (Communist International),
31, 47n99
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(CPSU), 67-68, 79,102,110-111,
319, 324; Central Committee of,
67-68, 217; Twentieth Congress of,
110, 216-17,285
Communist Party of Romania (CPR).
See under Romanian Communist
Party
Consiliul Dirigent, 13
Connor, Walker, 34
Constantinescu, Miron, 59, 64, 69, 217-
18, 222, 225, 228; purge of 251
Constitution; 1948 Romanian
constitution, 59; 1952 Romanian
Constitution, 70, 268; draft of 1952
Constitution, 59; Constitutional
Draft Preparation Commission,
67-68; amendment of 1952
Index
383
Constitution through removal of art.
19, 332; Constitution of Poland, 68
Compromise of 1867, 4, 70
Corund (Korond), 163
Covasna (Kovâszna), county (1968),
351, 352, 353, 356
CPR (Communist Party of Romania).
See under Romanian Communist
Party
CPSU. See Communist Party of the
Soviet Union
Craiova, municipality, 304
Craiova, region, 284
Cristuru Secuiesc (Székely kereszttir),
raion, 73; Unitarian gymnasium in,
162
Csaba vezér, mythic Székely King, 7,
42n27
Csanâdy, Gyorgy, 8
Csetri, Elek, 220
Csirikâs, Gyorgy, 96
Csorvâssy, Istvân, 110, 135
Csupor, Lajos, First Party Secretary
of HAR 1952-1961, 77-78, 96-98,
100, 112, 129-30, 135, 147-51, 154,
157-58, 175, 178, 181, 215, 228-30,
235, 239-42, 248, 254, 310, 317, 320,
329, 330, 333, 335, 348
Czechoslovakia, x-xi, 15, 27, 102, 111,
123, 149, 270, 324, 330, 357nl0;
abolition of Slovak autonomy in,
319
Dâlnoki, Veress Lajos, 8
Dànoiu, Ilie, 54, 56
Danube-Black Sea Canal, 64; forced
labor at, 97
Debrecen, 8
Deda-Sàràfel railway, construction of,
191
Dejeu, Victor, 84
demographic change in the Székely
Land during interwar period,
10-12; in 1940-1944, 22; after the
Second World War, 51, 189-90,
193-97; of Transylvanian cities
during the 1950s, 131
Department of State Security
(Securitate, 1948-1989), 114,128;
HAR party committee criticism of,
115; actions against pre-1944 parties
and movements, 237; denunciation
of abuses committed by in HAR,
114-15, 228, 284; reaction to 1956
uprising, 239-40, 244-47; and
Hungarian issue after 1956, 256, 271
de-Stalinization, in Romania, 104,
110-11, 251, 271
Dobai, Istvân, 249, 251-52, 260
Dobolii de Jos (Aldoboiy), 118
Dobrudja, 14, 31, 43; Southern
Dobrudja, 32
Dogaru, Constantin, 265
Dolgozô No (woman magazine), 167
Domokos, Pâl Péter, 9
Dràghici, Alexandru, 112, 237, 238,
240, 244-45, 248, 250, 255-56, 262,
266
Drouin, Pierre (special correspondent
of Le Monde), 219
dual citizenship, in Romania and
Hungary, 354-55
Durkheim, Émile, xv
Eastern Bloc. See Soviet Bloc
Eastern Europe/Central and Eastern
Europe, ix, xi, xiii, xvi-xvii, 270;
persecution of disloyal minorities
in, 23, 26-27, 68; impact of Stalin s
death in, 102; housing shortage
in, 194; religious policy in, 259;
minorities in communist countries
of, 289; electrification in, 323
Edroiu, Nicolae, xix
Egry, Gâbor, 21
Egyed, Jozsef, 299
Éiet és Tudomâny (science weekly,
Budapest), 97
Elore (national daily newpaper,
Bucharest, 1953-1989), 167, 171,
182, 220, 222-23, 231, 338n54
Elore (daily newspaper, Târgu Mure§),
78, 164, 182,
Eplényi, Kata, xix
384
Index
ethnic/interethnic/national conflict,
ix-x, Soviet management of,
29; between 1940 and 1944 in
Transylvania, 32, 37
European Congress of Nationalities, 13
Fdbitin, Zoltdn, 144
Faklya (daily newspaper, Oradea), 167
Faliboga, loan, 233; conviction of, 234;
alleged connection with Hungarian
nationalists/ 248-85, 314
Falvak Dolgozd Nepe (1946-1950 as
Falvak Nepe, weekly magazine for
villagers), 167, 168,182,186,187,
190, 191, 234
Fantanele (Gyulakuta), Red Star
Thermal Power Station, 199, 298;
turbine explosion at, 200
Farczady, Elek, 169, 220
Fazekas, Jdnos, RWP CC Secretary,
114,123,129, 132,162, 222, 225,
227-31, 238, 254, 261-62, 267, 309,
313, 317, 321, 326-27, 332, 339n66,
351; as a patron of Sz^kelys
and the Hungarian community in
Romania, 162, 224
Fejtir, Miklds, 301
Ferenczi, Istv n, 220
First Vienna Award, 15
Five Year Plan, 60, 64, 85n7;
investment rates in HAR in the
five-year-plans of the 1950s,
198-99; Second Five Year Plan, 324;
Bucharest-HAR debate of Third
Five Year Plan, 324-29
Fleming, Michael, xi
Fodor, Pdl, engineer, political prisoner,
Miercurea Ciuc (Csfkszereda), 245,
251, 260
Foldes, L£szl6, case of, 302
Foreign Office of the United Kingdom,
303, 319
Friedmann, Ilona, 175
Fuchs, Simon, 202
Gail, Gdbor, 134, 167, 209n79
Gagyi, J6zsef, xiv, 37, 53, 106, 133, 353
Gagyi, Liszld, 227
Galah, region, 284
Gilfalvi, Zsolt, 209n83, 225, 230-31,
272nl0, 302,
Gazeta Literard (weekly literary
magazine, Bucharest), 218
Gazette de Lausanne, article on HAR,
219
Gennep, van Arnold, xv
Gerlach, Christian, 26
Geneva Summit in 1955, 111
Georgescu, Teohari, 38, 56-57, 67, 96,
104, 217
German Anti-Fascist Committee in
Romania, 35
German Democratic Republic, 102,
149, 324
Germans in Transylvania, 6,14-15,
17, 37, 40n5, 53-54, 73, 82,131-32,
195, 245, 255, 288, 337n33, 347;
discriminations against after World
War II, 29, 33,116; among the ranks
of the RWP, 160, 291, 292, 294, 301,
311. See also Saxon community in
Transylvania; and Swabians.
Germany, 13, 15, 17-18, 26, 337n33
GerS, Em6, 61, 96,120,123
Gheorgheni (Gyergy6szentmikl6s)
town, 4, 299
Gheorgheni (Gyergyd) raion, 58, 70,
73, 85nll, 222, 239, 266, 276n88
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, General/
First Secretary of RCP/ RWP
1945-1965, xviii, xx, 57, 59, 75,
82, 92nll2, 99,102,105, 111, 129,
147-149,158,162, 228, 244, 246,
252, 258, 271, 289, 291, 6 304, 313,
326, 333; promotion of ethnic-
minded communist regime, 26,
252, 258, 271, 286-87, 318; political
socialization; 130-31; role in
drafting the 1952 Constitution,
67-69; takeover of party leadership
in 1952, 60-65; takeover of party
leadership in 1955; 112,114, 215;
appreciation of HAR leadership, 99,
147-48; criticism of HAR leadership
índex
385
and Hungarian nationalism, 130,
301, 320-21; instructions to HAR
party leadership, 266; reaction to
Stalin s death, 103-104; talks with
party officials from Hungary,
121-24; on issue of Sz£kely
identity, 158; reaction to CPSU
Twentieth Congress, 215-17; 1956
talks with Tito, 218; reaction to
1956 Hungarian uprising, 223-25,
269-70; speech at 1956 HAR party
conference, 235-36; rapprochement
with the West, 293; and the Jewish
issue, 295; 1959 visit to HAR, 327
Gherla, prison of, 286
GhidfalSu (Gid6falva), revolt of, 61-62
Ghime§-F5get (Gyimesbukk), 70
Gid6, Attila, 21
Gilberg, Trond, xi
Goldberger, Nicolae (Mikl6s), 114-15,
126-27, 339n66; as director of RWP
CC administrative section, 114
Gojdu Emanuil Foundation, Budapest,
119
Golopenfia, Anton, 20
Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 289
Gosplan (Soviet Union), 303
Granville, Johanna, 269-70
Great National Assembly, 70, 75, 78,
143, 149, 244, 318; elections of 1952,
96-97; elections of 1957, 234-35,
237, 239, 242
Great Terror, in the Soviet Union, 25
Greek Catholic Church; in
Transylvania, 258 269; persecution
of, 53, 259, 336nl0; in Ukraine, 259
Greeks in Transylvania, 2
Grosby, Steven, xv
Groza, Petru, politician, prime
minister 1945—1952, xviii, 32-33,
104, 118, 251, 321; government
of, 32, 38, 190; as a patron of
Transylvanian Hungarians and a
promoter of Romanian-Hungarian
rapprochement, 32-33, 83, 307
Groza, Victor, 251
Gusti, Dimitrie, 328
Gyertydnosi, Csaba, 243
Habsburg Empire, xiii, 2, 17, 357nl0.
See also Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy
Hajdu, Gyôzô, chief redactor of Igaz
Szô and party cadre, 121, 170,
174-75, 179, 209n79, 225-27, 230,
274n52, 302
Hajdu, Zoltán, 168-69, 224, 227, 230
HAR. See Hungarian Autonomous
Region.
Harghita (Hargita) mountains, 8, 326,
351,
Harghita (Hargita) county (1968), 351,
352, 353, 356
Hargitaisag, ideology of, 351
Hargitavdralja, virtual Székely
community, 8,
Hâromszék, county in Austro-
Hungarian Monarchy, 60
Hirsch, Francine, 26
Hit chins, Keith, 21
Hobsbawm, J. Eric, definition of
primitive rebels, 128
Hoffman, L. David, 153
Holocaust, in Transylvania,
consequences on social composition
of, 167, 190; survival of Romanian
Jews to, 291
Hollôs, Istvdn, 286
Holquist, Peter, 25
Horizont Joint Stock Company, 191
Horvâth, Imre, 76
housing conditions, 101, 194, 323, 325;
332,
HPU. See Hungarian People s Union
in Romania
HSWP. See Hungarian Socialist
Workers Party
Huniik, Péter, 12
Hunedoara, municipality, steel plant
of, 188, 212nl54
Hunedoara, region, 72,198, 255
Hungarian Autonomous Region in
Romania (HAR); historiography
of, xiv-xx; territory of, 70-72;
386
Index
ethrdc composition of, 73; as
cultural greenhouse, 171,188,
203-4, 315, 349-51; as a Hungarian
ghetto, xviii, 348-49; transfer
of raions from other regions, 77;
public debates on HAR, 81-83;
debates over bilingualism and
language use; 39, 77, 82, 98, 125,
165, 320, 330; principle of ethnic
balance, 329; ethnic composition
of security forces and Regional
Military Command, 159-61;
ethnic conflicts within, 110,113;
HAR-Monograph affair, 312,
313, 326, 328-29; acculturation
and ethnic immunity, 166-67;
social grievances within, 113-14;
education system in, 110; cultural
institution-building, 132-34;
attempts at institutionalizing
territorial autonomy, 143-45,
157-59; regional radio broadcasting
studio, 171; Science and Culture
Propagation Society in, 169,
188; Regional House of Popular
Creation in, 171,188; voluntary
work in, 201; cultural ties with
Hungary, 219-20; perception of
HAR in Hungary, 112,164; Soviet
advisors in, 245; Western attitudes
toward HAR, 165, 319. See also
Muref-Hungarian Autonomous
Region in Romania (M-HAR); and
Romanians Workers Party in HAR
Hungarian National Party (1922-1938),
237
Hungarian People s Union in Romania
{Magyar Népi Szôvetség) HPU, xviii,
35-35, 38, 48nll0, 61, 134, 145, 157,
162, 167-69, 190-91; dissolution of,
104-6
Hungarian Revolution of 1956,
120, 133,166, 181, 250, 260, 262,
264, 270, 304, 313, 314, 317;
conciliatory measures in Romania
to counterbalance, 134-135,171;
popular reaction in HAR, 223-24,
232, 233, 242; reaction of HAR
officials, 227-29, 231, 234-235;
reaction of intellectuals in HAR;
225-27, 229-31, 251; effects on
nationality policy in Romania, 26,
144, 223, 244, 252, 257, 258, 283,
319; effects on the operation of
Romanian security forces 159,161,
228, 241, 246; reprisals in Romania
following, xviii, 187, 233, 236, 238,
242, 269, 283-87, 295;
Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49, xi,
2, 220; commemoration of, 110,
117,179, 223, 236, 241-42 242, 243,
254
Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
(HSWP), 230, 236, 303, 305, 307,
333, 340n80
Hungarian Workers Party (HWP), 61,
96-97, 103, 112,119-20, 122-24,133,
149, 164, 216, 220-21, 230
Hungary; conflicts with Romania;
13,103,119-124; rumors about
Transylvania, 121; doctrine of
non-interference in internal affairs,
122; Foreign Ministry of, 62;
political changes after 1953,102-3;
Hungarian embassy / Hungarian
diplomatic service in Bucharest,
62, 83, 172; passport office in Cluj,
84, 97,103,120,123; Hungarian
ambassador in Bucharest, 118;
easing of travel restrictions to
Romania, 222
Hunyadi, Andrâs, 176-77
Hunyadi, Jânos (Iancu de Hunedoara),
221-22
Hutchinson, John, 6, 41nl8
HWP. See Hungarian Workers Party
Iacob, Alexandru (Sândor Jakab), 65,
205nl5
Ia§i, 82,192, 237, 244, 256, 304, 324;
university of, 216
Ifjûmunkâs (magazine), 167
Igazsdg (daily newspaper, Cluj), 167,
338n54
Index
387
Igaz Sz6 (monthly literary periodical,
Targu Mure§), 118, 121, 126, 151,
168, 170-71, 174-75, 179, 226, 302
flieni (Illyefalva), 98
illiteracy, rate of in the Sz6kely Land,
12-13, 203, 263; battle against,
13, 98, 100, 152, 251; functional
illiteracy in the HAR, 165; in
Romania, 288
Iliyas, Gyula, Fdklyaldng drama of, 117,
179, 219
Imeni (Imecsfalva), 192
Imre Nagy Institute for Political
Research, Brussels, xviii
industrialization, plans for in Szrikely
Land during the interwar period,
8; after 1945, 191; in the 1950s, 198,
201; forced in Soviet Union, 25, 64,
152
infant mortality, 12; drop in rate
during the 1950s, 193, 263
Interior Ministry, Romania, 115,
157, 217, 228, 238, 284, 293, 332;
IM Directorate of the Hungarian
Autonomous Region, 161, 244;
resolutions/operative orders of,
79, 237; Interior Ministry forces
(Trupele Securit(i ii), 39,128-29;
operative meetings at IM 1957-
1958, 237—41, 244-51; IM statistics
on informants, 241; IM data on
convictions in post-1956 trials, 245,
283-85.
Ioanid, Radu, 293
Iordachi, Constantin, 355
Iron Guard, 17, 236, 237, 245, 250,
255; anticommunist resistance by
members of, 128;
Izsdk, Merton, 110, 135
Jandarmeria (local police before 1949),
38
Jar, Alexandru, 218, 272nl0
Jews; Jewish community in Romania,
81; in the Szekely Land; deportation
of Transylvanian Jews in 1944,
20-22; restratification policy for,
37-38; emigration from Romania;
ban of emigration in 1952, 99; anti-
Jewish campaign of 1958, 287-95
Jewish Democratic Committee in
Romania, 35
Jiu Valley, 53, 79, 164, 188, 198
Jord ky, Lajos, 148; affaire of, 252-53
Jowitt, Kennett, 15
Juvenile gangs in the HAR, 129
Kdddr, Jdnos, HSWP General
Secretary, 1956-1988, 122, 235-36,
308, 340n80; visit to Romania in
1958, 303-7
Kavtaradze, Sergey Ivanovich, 64
Kdllai, Gyula, Hungarian State
minister 1958, speech in Targu
Mure§ upon state visit, 303, 305-7
K ntor, Zolt n, 7
Kapusi, J6zsef, 115, 154
Keleti, Ferenc, 221, 294
Kemeny, Jdnos, 169, 171, 225, 230
Kemp, A. Walter, x
Keszi-Harmath, S ndor, 328
Khlevniuk, Oleg, 67, 81
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich,
89n55, 111, 215, 218, 303, 319,
323; speech of at Twentieth CPSU
Congress, 216-17
Kineses, Elemer, 297
King, R. Robert, x, 333, 348
Kirdly, Kdroly, 329
Kirghiz Socialist Soviet Republic, 219
Kligman, Gail, 163
Konydki, Kl ra, 301
korenizatsia, 23, 25
Kris, K£roly, 169, 181
Krirridi, Ferenc, trial of, 314-15
Krirridi, Istvdn, 150
Kriti, Pdl, 300
Kossuth Radio (Budapest), 97, 182,
224
Kovdcs, Gyorgy, author and party
cadre, 101, 112, 126, 158, 169, 175,
225, 227, 230, 274n52, 302, 317,
320; appointment to RWP Central
Committee, 112
388
Index
Kovdcs, Mihdly, 115, 163, 244, 245, 248,
250, 267, 316, 335
Kozina, B61a, 221, 313
Kramer, Mark, 269
Kiirti, Ldszl6, 6
League of Nations, 13
Lemnia (Lemh£ny), 62, 127, 129
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, 23;
Leninist nation-building in the
Soviet Union, 24-25; Leninist-
Stalinist nationality policy in
Romania, 74, 117, 237; Hungary s
support of Leninist nationality
policy, 112; cultural organizations
in HAR as Leninist transmission
belt, 166
Lenin Hydroelectric Plant, Bicaz, 64;
forced labor at, 79
Levy, Robert, 63,
liminality/liminal stage, xv-xvi
Lipcsey, Ildikd, xviii
Litvinov, M. Maxim, 27
Livezeanu, Irina, 14
L6rincz, D. J6zsef, xvi, 9, 163,
211nll8
Luca, Vasile (Luka Ldszl6), 34, 59, 60,
77; contradictory relationship to his
own ethnic identity, 60-62, 104, 113,
127, 159; downfall and arrest of,
63-65, 79, 127, 249; conviction of,
65, 117; purge of his relatives and
friends in the HAR, 96
Ludas Matyi (satirical weekly,
Budapest), 97
Ludu§, raion, 69, 89n67, 331
Lukdcs, Ldszl6, 77, 150, 154
Lungu, Gyorgy, 299
Lutherans, in Transylvania, 255, 264,
336nl0
M-HAR. See Mure§-Hungarian
Autonomous Region
Macskdsi, Pdl, 286
Majtenyi, Erik, 117, 272nl0
Malenkov, Georgy Maximilianovich,
89n55, 121
M ln §an, Aurel, 223
M^lyusz, Elem^r, 222
M3nescu, Manea, 288-89, 325-27
Maniu, Iuliu, 15, 28, 36; Maniu
Guards, 28, 90n81, 257
Manuila, Sabin, 14, 20
MSrgineanu, Teodor, 286
Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, 2
Martin, Terry, 23, 25
Mdrton, Aron, Roman Catholic Bishop
of Alba lulia 1939-1980, 31, 98, 106-
7, 118, 125, 135, 159, 245, 247, 258,
260-68, 287; release from prison,
132; resistance to communist
regime, 259; Pentecost pilgrimage
in 1957, 260-63; state security action
against, 265-66
Maurer, Ion Gheorghe, 293-94, 332
Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute
(MPI), medical university in Targu
Mure§, 74, 96, 98-101, 151, 158, 169,
171, 229, 231, 235, 246, 295, 313-16,
321
M£hes, Gyorgy, 181
M£lykuti, Ferenc, xviii
Mereni (Alm^sret), 128
Mere^ti (Homor6dalmds), 80
Metz, Erzs^bet, 225
Mevius, Martin, xi, xvi, 44n57
migration; from Szekely Land, 4, 10,
75,193, 244, 354; internal to urban
areas of HAR, 190, 194, 203; of
Romanians to HAR, 80, 325; of Jews
to Israel, 38, 99, 167, 291, 293-95,
314
Minority Protections Treaty, 13
Mikldssy, Katalin, xi
Militia (Militia), 39, 76, 80, 108, 114-15,
127-28, 139n67, 159-61, 206, 238-39,
297-98, 300
minority rights, xi, 13, 26, 30, 79, 123,
129, 150
Miskolczy, Dezso, 98, 169
M6d, Aladdr, 133
Moghioro§, Alexandru (Scindor
Mogyor6s), RWP Political
Committee member, 65, 67-68, 78,
Index
389
83, 96, 101, 113-14, 129, 149, 159,
315, 317-20
Moine§ti, raion, 58
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich,
67-68, 89n55, 102,
Molter, Kdroly, writer, 169, 225, 230
monetary reform of 1952, 64
More§teanu, Petru, 98
MPI. See Medical and Pharmaceutical
Institute
Munich Agreement in 1938, 15
Munnich, Ferenc, 333
Mure§ (Maros) county (1945-1950),
34, 36, 47nl06, 51, 85nl, 85nl0-ll,
149, 206n39, 233, 251; Mure§ county
(after 1968), 353
Mure§ (Maros) region (1950-1952),
54, 56-57, 68, 76, 145, 159, 204n8,
331-32
Mure§ (Maros), river, 70, 108, 154, 192,
262
Mure§-Hungarian Autonomous
Region (M-HAR, 1961-68), 143,145,
310, 319, 350; ethnic composition of,
331-32; cadre changes in, 335-36
Mure§-Turda (Maros-Torda), county
in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, 70
Mure§anu, Alexandru (L3szl6 Ady),
159, 244
Mu§at, Mircea, 317
Muveszet (1958, renamed Uj £let 1959-
1989), illustrated periodical, T rgu
Mure§, 171
Nagy, B61a, vii, 3, 5, 11, 26, 29, 52, 55,
72, 290, 334, 352
Nagy, Imre, Hungarian politician
and prime minister 1953-55 and
1956, 102-3, 120-21, 123, 231, 304;
reaction in Romania to reforms
in Hungary, 103-4, 111, 118,
121-22, 215; criticism of Romanian
nationality policy, 122; detention in
Snagov, 120, 304
Nagy, Mihdly, 54-56
Nagy, P«U, literary critic, 219, 225, 302
Nagybaczoni, Nagy Vilmos, 8
Napsugdr (illustrated magazine for
children), 167, 222
National Democratic Front, 60, 237
National Liberal Party, 17, 36, 90n73,
157, 237, 245
National Peasant Party, 15, 17, 28, 30,
36, 237, 245, 255
national communism (Romania),
32, 283, 351; national bolshevism
(Soviet Union), 25; 258
Nationality Committee, creation of,
131-32; dissolution of, 301-2
nationalization of economy, 37, 191; of
culture, 37
Ndpszava (daily newspaper, Budapest),
97
Nicolae Iorga Institute of History,
Bucharest, xix
Northern Transylvania (as part of
Hungary 1940-44), 18, 21-22,
32, 45n65, 98, 148, 189, 233, 245;
Romanian recovery of, 27-29,
North-Transylvanian Republic 1944-
45, 28-29, 211nl37
Novdk, Csaba Zoltdn, 36
Ocland (Okl nd), 155
Odorhei (Udvarhely) county, 51
Odorhei (Udvarhely) raion, 58, 70, 73,
82, 266
Odorheiu Secuiesc (Sz6kelyudvarhely),
4, 82, 129, 155, 161, 191, 326;
Reformed College of, 8
Ojdula (Ozsdola), 127-28, 257, 286
Ol h, Sdndor, xvi, 37
Ol^h, Tibor, writer, 230-31
Oni§oru, Gheorghe, 63
Oradea (Nagyv rad), municipality,
124, 132, 286, 289
Oradea (Nagyv^rad), region, 72, 198,
225, 289
Organization of Youth Desiring
Freedom, Oradea (Szabadsdgra
Vdgyo Ifjak Szervezete), 286
Orthodox Church; xvii; and the
communist regime in Romania, 33,
108, 236; Orthodox spirituality and
390
Index
Iron Guard in interwar Romania,
17; rumor on Orthodox priests in
HAR, 257; Orthodox cult in H AR,
258; Orthodox Church and Greek
Catholic Church in Transylvania
after 1948, 259; repression against
in 1958-59, 269
Orvosi Szemle/Revista Medicaid (medical
journal, Targu Mure§), 171
P ndi, Pdl, 220-21
Papp, Ferenc, 172, 225-26, 274n52, 302
Papp, Z. Attila, 183
Paris Peace Treaties, 45n67, 119
Parvulescu, Constantin, 54
Patilinef, Vasile, 144
P trS§canu, Lucrejiu, 37, 301; trial and
execution of, 48nl20, 103
Pauker, Ana, Foreign Minister of
Romania, 1947-1952, 34, 38, 60, 63,
88n52,104, 217, 277nll3; fall of, 65,
67, 96, 99; partial rehabilitation of,
102-3
Pedagogical College, T3rgu Mure§, 152
People s Colleges, Zsigmond M6ricz
and Antal Budai Nagy (Cluj), Lajos
Tolnai (Targu Mure§), 167-68
Pet6fi, S£ndor, poet, 220, 239;
as reference for progressive
traditions, 133; Petofi Circle
in Budapest and its influence
in Transylvania, 218, 226, 246;
clandestine action at PetOfi s
memorial site, 242
Petrescu, Drago§, 271
Pintilie, Gheorghe, 228, 244
Pionir (youth magazine), 167
Pite§ti, military archives of, 36
Ploie§ti, municipality, 198, 284, 305
Ploie§ti, region, 198
Ploughmen s Front, 33, 36
Pokivailova, Tatiana, 36
Poland, xi, 27, 102, 109, 111, 193,
215, 256, 276n85, 289, 330; 1952
Constitution of Poland, 68; 1956
Poznah Uprising in, 218
Popovid, Aurel, 6
Protestant Churches in Romania; 258,
269. See also Lutherans; Reformed
Church; and Unitarian Church.
Public Health Institute, Târgu Mure§,
193
Pu§ca§, Vasile, xix
Pusztai, Ferenc, gang of, 127-29
Putnoky, Gyula, 98
Racoç (Râkos), raion, 58, 72
Ràdescu, Nicolae, 27
Radio Free Europe; Voice of America,
182, 210nll5
railways in the Székely Land, failed
plans for development of, 190-92
raionization, 53, 56, 67, 68, 76, 90n73
Rajk, László, Interior Minister of
Hungary 1946-1948; 120; reburial
of, 223
Râkosi, Mâtyâs, HWP General
Secretary 1948-1956, attempt at
building sodalist patriotism, xi;
1949 meeting with RWP leaders,
61, 120; report to on the 1952
Romanian elections, 96-97; Soviet
critidsm on, 103; partidpation in
RWP s 1955 Congress, 112, 114,
138n54,149,164, 215-16; conflict
with Imre Nagy over relations with
Romania, 123-24
Râutu, Leonte, 218, 294-95, 301, 315,
319-20, 339n66
Ràzboieni, railway junction of, 191
Red Army, 28, 60, 190, 322;
withdrawal of Soviet troops from
Romania, 111, 217, 223, 294, 303,
308
Reghin (Szâszrégen), 98, 299
Reghin (Régen), raion of, 70, 72, 73,
80, 85nl, 98, 116, 146, 299-300, 311,
321, 325
revisionism; territorial, 15,17, 26,
127, 244, 269, 271, 287, 303, 316;
ideological, 304
Reformed Church, 258, 267, 269,
336nl0; Bethanite movement
within, 269
índex
391
Rêvai, Jözsef, chief ideologue of
HWP, 96, 119; as an advocate of
progressive patriotism, 133
Ribbentrop-Molotov pact, 17, 27, 32
Robotos, Imre, 209n80, 231
Roller, Mihai, 216
Roma/Gypsy community in
Transylvania, 73, 95, 160, 288
Roman, municipality, 304
Roman, Valter (b. Ernö Neuländer),
communist politician and
intellectual, 122, 124, 159, 223; 1944
memorandum on Transylvania, 124
Roman Catholic Church, mass
agitation in Székely Land against,
109, 132, 260; state security
monitoring of, 159, 316; relationship
with Romanian communist state
of, 258; creation of Catholic Action
Committee against, 259; party
propaganda against, 266-269; RWP
plan to establish an autonomous in
Romania, 271
Roman Catholics; in Transylvania, 287;
unrest among, 259; in Moldavia,
xiii, 321
Romania; Old Kingdom / Regat of, 1,
4, 75, 127; Greater Romania (1918-
1940), 4, 10, 14, 17, 32, 351-52;
Romanian People s Republic - RPR
(1948-1965); 53, 57, 70, 79, 81, 95,
97, 220, 246, 250, 323; solution of
nationality question in, 72, 116-17,
258; raionization of RPR, 67-68;
social tensions within, 102-4;
acculturation programs in, 109;
nationalizing policies in, 30; 111-12;
education system of, 126; 1955 RWP
resolution on nationalities in, 131;
statistics in, 197; decentralization
process in post-1989 Romania, 356
Romdniai Magyar Szô (daily national
newspaper), 74, 76, 84, 105, 167, 182
Romanian Communist Party (PCR,
1945-48 and 1965—89) including
Communist Party of Romania
(CPR, 1921-45) and Romanian
Workers Party (RWP, 1948-65),
30; party congress in Vienna 1924,
31; party congress in Kharkov
1928, 31; party congress in Moscow
1931, 31; Central Committee of,
34; statistics of party membership,
34,146; Mure§ regional branch of,
34; Mure§ county branch of, 36;
Romanianization of, 60, 112, 216,
291; Muscovite faction within, 65,
286, 289; Second RWP Congress in
1955, 112, 131; post-1956 change
of nationality policy, 223, 244, 252,
257, 258, 283, 319. See also Central
Committee of the Romanian
Communist/Workers Party and
Romanians Workers Party in
HAR
Romanians Workers Party in
HAR; number and composition
of membership, 145-150; party
recruitment campaign in, 311;
personal relationship to ethnic
identity of local party leadership,
157-59; party education, 151; Jôzsef
Rangetz Marxist-Leninist Evening
University of Târgu Mure§,
151-53; rituals of criticism and self-
criticism, 154-55; party admission
procedures, 155-57; gender roles,
156, 186; regional party conference,
first (1953), 99-101; second (1955),
126; third (1956), 234-36; fourth
(1959), 317-18; of M-HAR (1962),
335
Romanian Writers Union, 218, 236;
Hungarian authors in the, 162,
166, 168, 170, 172; debates at the
first congress of in 1956, 176, 218,
272nl0
Rônai, Andrâs, 20
Rosen, Moses, 293
RPR (Romanian People s Republic).
See under Romania
Rôzsa, Irén, 122
Ruffy, Péter, journalist of Béke és
Szabadsdg magazine (Budapest), 221
392
Index
Rugánefti (Rugonfalva), electrification
of, 324
RWP (Romanian Workers Party). See
under Romanian Communist Party
Sáfár, Ildikó, 299
Sálájan, Leontin (Levente Szilágyi), 159
Sánátescu, Constantin, 27-28
Sándominic (Csíkszentdomokos), 98,
109, 266
Sángeorgiu de Pádure
(Erdószentgyórgy), raion, 58, 70, 73,
129, 150, 232, 257, 350
Sántha, Antal, chaplan, trial of, 266-67,
269, 312, 317
Sass, Kálmán, 286
Satu Mare (Szatmámémeti), 14, 20, 29,
131, 259, 289
Saxon community in Transylvania, 2,
13, 33, 40n5; return of property to,
116
Sebes, István, 304
Scánteia (Scinteia from 1953), 75-76, 79,
87n37, 105, 109,117, 164,182, 217,
221; readers letters to, 81-83
Schopflin, George, xviii, 348
Second Vienna Award, 1940, xix,
12,17-18, 19, 22, 85nl2,131,148,
189-91, 233, 289, 325; memory of in
HAR, 80
Second World War, xiii, xviii;
Romanian-Hungarian struggle over
Transylvanian during, 18, 20; Soviet
punishment of enemy people
during, 25; survival of mindset of
service to people after, 10; social
conditions inherited in Székely
Land from, 12; charges of far-right
activity during last Hungarian
rule over Northern Transylvania
during, 98-99
Securitate. See Department of State
Security
Sácueni (Székelyhíd), raion, 72
Sencovid, Alexandru (Sándor
Szenkovics), 159
Servin, Marcel, 237
Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyôrgy),
munidpality, 4, 58, 126,182, 192,
194, 232, 242, 243, 254, 257, 354;
Hungarian State Theater in, 117,
171; former Mikó Reformed College
of, 242
Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsi), raion, 58, 70,
73, 224, 247, 257, 331
Sharlet, Robert, notion of Soviet
jurisprudence of terror, 296
Sibiu (Hermannstadt), 53, 234
Sidea, Nicolae, 335
Siegelbaum, H. Lewis, 26
Sighiçoara (Schâfiburg), 53
Simó, Gyula, 148
Simon, Ervin, 299
Slovakia, 2, 355, 357nl0
Snieckus, Antanas, x-xi
Sodal Sdences Research Center, Târgu
Mure§, 202
Sóni, Pál, 117
Soós, József, 96
South Tyrol (region in Italy), xiv-xv,
356
Sovata (Szováta), 81, 155, 232
Soviet Bloc, ix-x, xii, 65, 68, 79, 110,
215, 319, 323, 324
Soviet of Nationalities, 24
Soviet Union; literature on ethnic
relations in, x; radal polides in,
26; embassy of in Bucharest, 56,
65; Soviet Republic of Lithuania
x-xi, Soviet labor camps, 29; as
Affirmative Action Empire, 23;
security force in, 303; perception
of among left-wing Transylvanian
Hungarians, 32; 1936 Constitution
of, 59; pressure of for monetary
reform and industrialization
in Romania, 64; Romanian and
Hungarian prisoners in, 190; export
to from Géza Simó Furniture
Factory in Târgu Mureç; rumors
about the launching of the Sputnik
Satellite in, 254: loyalty of RWP to,
269; punishment of sodal deviance
in, 296; critidsm of Romanian
Index
393
nationality policy from, 303;
integration and assimilation of non-
Russian nationalities in, 319
Spandaryan, Soviet diplomatic advisor
in Bucharest, 56
Spielmann, J6zsef, 151
Stakhanovite workers, in HAR, 100,
238; from Jiu Valley, 164
Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich, 51, 63,
76, 81, 83, 97,105, 125, 152, 159, 215,
216, 259, 348, 355; use of national
question by, 25-26, 76, 319; views
on Transylvania, 27-29, 122, 124; ix;
role in the creation of HAR, 59-60,
65, 67-68; changes after the death
of, xix, 99,102-4, 108, 110, 271; cult
of in HAR; 109-10, 130, 135
Stalin, region (1950-60), 54, 56-57, 61,
72, 77, 85nll, 145, 149, 204n8, 255,
289, 324, 331
Stalin statue inT rgu Mure§, erection
of, 110, 135; removal of, 336
Stalinist ecosystem, ix-x, 153-54;
denunciation of Stalinist cult of
personality in Romania, 217-18
State Planning Office, Romania, 291,
324, 325, 327-28; regional planning
office in HAR, 85nl0, 164, 325
State Protection Authority (AVH),
Hungary, 240
State Sz^kely Theater, 116-17, 120,
169,171, 184, 203, 219, 230, 236;
ideological role of, 176-81; tour to
Hungary of, 181
Steaua Ro§ie (semiweekly, Targu
Mure§), 182, 209n81, 312
Stoica, Chivu, 112, 244, 289, 313, 318
Stoica, Gheorghe, 294-95
Sugar, Peter, x
Sumuleu Ciuc (Csiksomly6), 9;
Pentecost Roman Catholic
Pilgrimage of, 106-9
Siit6, Andrds, writer, 117, 168-69,172,
208n72, 225-27, 230-31, 274n52,
302
Swabians (German-speaking minority
in Romania), 14, 33
Schwartz, Teodor, 299
Szabad Nep (daily newspaper,
Budapest), 97, 220-21
Szab6, Em6, 178
Szab6, Gyula; novel Gondos Atyafisdg
of, 219
Szab6, Kdroly, 163
Szab6, T. Levente, 2
Szakolczai, Arpad, xvi
Szakszervezeti Elet (trade-union
magazine), 167
Szdsz, J3nos, 117, 272nl0
Szeged, 8, 246
Sz6kely anthem, 8
Sz6kely Congress of 1902, 4
Sz^kely Division in 1918-1919, 60
Sz£kely Folk Ensemble, 133, 171
Sz^kely, J nos (poet), 6,175
Sz^kely Land, 3, 5; symbolic
geography of, 7-8; administrative
changes 1918-1968, 16, 90n; as
geographic notion, 356; as low-
potential conflict area, 356-57; HAR
as administrative framework for,
189; under national communism;
351-53
Sz6kely Land Mining Research
Institute, 191
Sz£kely Martyrs of 1848,
commemoration of, 135, 241
Szekely National Museum, Slantu
Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyorgy), 133
Szekely, Zolt n, 133, 169
Szekelys, debates on ethnic origin of,
2; competing nationalizing projects
on, 7; lack of ethnic immunity
among Szekelys migrated to
Romanian-inhabited areas, 12;
Romanian policy toward in the
interwar period, 13-14; reaction
of to Second Vienna Award, 22;
exchange populations plans of, 22
Szekelyseg (Sz£kelyness, periodical), 9
Sz£ll, Jen6,119
Szesztay, Addm, 319
Szfgydrtd, Domokos, 286
Szitegyi, Margit, 126, 186
394
Index
Szoboszlai, Aladár, 260; conspiracy of,
284, 286-87
Szócs, Béla, 185
Szovérfi, Zoltán, propaganda secretary
in HAR Party Committee, 78, 98,
150, 251, 254, 312-13, 318-19, 331
Szporluk, Roman, x
Tamási, Áron, Székely-born writer,
222
Táñase, Evghenie, 246, 250
Táñase, Stelian, xi, 31,102
Tankó, Árpád, 225
Tanügyi Újsdg (magazine for teachers),
167
Tárgu Mure§ (Marosvásárhely),
municipality; Géza Simó Furniture
Factory in, 156, 183, 229,231, 305,
322; propaganda role of Furniture
Factory, 200; Teleki Téka Library
of, 185
Tárgu Mure§ (Marosvásárhely), raion,
58; RWP committee of, 98
Tárgu Secuiesc (Kézdivásárhely),
municipality, 116, 261, 266;
Tárgu Secuiesc, raion, 58, 70, 73, 96,
184, 257, 260, 266, 331; ethnic unrest
and gang activity in, 127-29
Támáveni, raion, 331; town, 85nll
Teiu§, railway junction of, 191
Telegdi, Elek, xviii
Teleki, Pál, 20
Timisoara, municipality, 131, 192, 225,
229, 256, 259, 270, 284, 304
Timisoara, region, 72, 256, 324
Ti§e, Claudia, xix
Tismáneanu, Vladimir, xi, 32, 102,
339n67
Tito, Iosif Broz, 75, 218
Toma, Sorin, 221
Tompa, László, 225
Tompa, Miklós, 169, 177-78, 230
Topi i {a (Maroshévfz), raion of, 70, 72,
73, 85nl, 89n60,125, 146,161
Tóth, András, 96
Transylvania, issue of national
belonging in, xiii; public debates
on, 1 as one of Europe s border
zones, xii; Hungarians of
Transylvania after 1918, 4-6;
Transylvanian Organization of
Hungarian Youth (Erdelyi Magyar
Ifjak Szervezete), 232, 242
Transylvanian Party (1941-1944), 237,
245
Transylvanist, movement, 6
Trei Scaune (Hdromsz^k) county, 51,
60, 205nl8, 247
Trencs^nyi, Baldzs, 9
Trianon, Peace Treaty of, 7-8,119,
355; trauma of, 10,122,150. See also
Versailles peace system
Jugui, Pavel, 216, 302
Tumanov, P., Soviet specialist in
nationality issues, 57-58
Turlea, Petre, xix
Turner, Victor, xv
Tumu Severin, 304
Turcu§, Dumitru, 331
IJj Ut/Egyseg (Jewish magazine), 167
Oj Sport (sport magazine), 167
Unitarian Church, in Transylvania,
21-22, 155, 258, 267, 269, 336nl0
Union of Hungarian Workers
(MADOSZ), 32
Ungheni (Nydrddto), 80
Union of Working Youth, 110,125, 314
United Nations, 26, 249; admission of
Romania in, 111
Urbanization and social stratification;
in Transylvania, 2, 10, 86n24, 289;
in HAR, 195-197
Utunk (cultural weekly, Cluj), 134, 168,
222, 302
Vago, Raphael, 319
Vaida, Vasile, 238-39
Valea lui Mihai (£rmih4lyfalva), 286
Valter, Istv^n, 149, 151, 329
Vargancsik, Istvdn, 225
Vatra Romdneascd, Romanian political
and cultural movement, 354
V£csei, Kiroly, 126-27, 132,
Index
395
V£gh, Emma, show trial of, 298
Verdery, Katherine, xi, 163
Veress, Gyula, 312
Veress, PS1, 84, 148
Versailles peace system, 7, 14, 17-18,
32,
Vildgossdg (daily newspaper, Cluj), 168
Vin^e, Ion (Vincze Jdnos), 62, 77, 83,
159
Voros Lobogo (daily newspaper, Arad),
167
Voros Zdszld (daily newspaper, Targu
Mure§), 75, 78, 90n80, 91n95, 109,
135, 139n70, 167, 181, 200, 219-22,
231, 234-35, 237, 244, 251, 253, 266,
298-99, 312; format and topics,
182-88
Vorosmarty, Mihdly, 178
Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich, 28,
67, 89n55
Warsaw Pact; summit of Budapest in
January 1957, 236-37
Wasmer, János, 84, 97
Weaver, B. Eric, 6
Weitz, D. Eric, 25
Werth, Nicolas, 26
Wolf, Eric, xiv—xv
World Festival of Youth and Students
(WFYS) of Bucharest, 104, 108
Workers Militia, establishment of,
238
Yiddish, 24, 321
Yugoslavia, x, 33, 64, 75, 193, 289,
356; reconciliation with the Soviet
Union, 111, 218
Zaiàu (Zilah), 289
Zhdanov Party University, Bucharest,
151
Zhdanovism in Romania, 167
Zionism; Zionist movement in
Romania, 21, 38-39, 98, 236-37, 245,
294, 314
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bottoni, Stefano 1977- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1163634239 |
| author_facet | Bottoni, Stefano 1977- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bottoni, Stefano 1977- |
| author_variant | s b sb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044901416 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8230 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1039811151 (DE-599)BVBBV044901416 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1952-1960 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1952-1960 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd Ungarische Autonome Region (DE-588)1163675164 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien Ungarische Autonome Region |
| id | DE-604.BV044901416 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:04:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781498551212 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030295204 |
| oclc_num | 1039811151 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-M496 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-M496 |
| physical | xxiii, 397 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The Harvard Cold War studies book series |
| spelling | Bottoni, Stefano 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)1163634239 aut Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 Stefano Bottoni Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2018] © 2018 xxiii, 397 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Harvard Cold War studies book series Geschichte 1952-1960 gnd rswk-swf Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd rswk-swf Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd rswk-swf Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Ungarische Autonome Region (DE-588)1163675164 gnd rswk-swf Ungarische Autonome Region (DE-588)1163675164 g Geschichte 1952-1960 z DE-604 Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 s Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 s Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 s Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Bottoni, Stefano 1977- Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039409-8 (DE-588)4170001-6 (DE-588)4100008-0 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)1163675164 |
| title | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 |
| title_auth | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 |
| title_exact_search | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 |
| title_full | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 Stefano Bottoni |
| title_fullStr | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 Stefano Bottoni |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stalin's legacy in Romania the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 Stefano Bottoni |
| title_short | Stalin's legacy in Romania |
| title_sort | stalin s legacy in romania the hungarian autonomous region 1952 1960 |
| title_sub | the Hungarian autonomous region, 1952-1960 |
| topic | Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationale Minderheit Minderheitenpolitik Magyaren Rumänien Ungarische Autonome Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030295204&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bottonistefano stalinslegacyinromaniathehungarianautonomousregion19521960 |