The politics of police reform: society against the state in post-Soviet countries
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford University Press
[2018]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | ix, 249 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780190861490 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
A Mirror of Society: Police in Post-Soviet Countries 1
Transformative Violence and Mobilization 21
Components of Police Reform: Transformative Violence
and Preexisting Dissent Infrastructure in Urban
Areas 45
Georgia: Refurbishment versus Reform 64
Kyrgyzstan: Political Space Opens, Then Closes 87
Ukraine’s Reformists and Their Rivals 109
Rural Violence and Reassertion of State Control in
Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan 137
Rural Violence and Expansion of Policing in Kazakhstan
and Tajikistan 157
A Comparative Perspective: Transformative Violence
around the World 175
Conclusions: Transforming Post-Soviet Police 194
Notes 205
Index 237
INDEX
Page numbers followed by / and / indicate figures and tables, respectively. Numbers
followed by n indicate notes.
Abdullo, Mullo, 168
Abdurasulova, Aziza, 99, 105
academic community, 33-34, 35/
accountability, 13, 50, 203
Action Plan on the Prevention of Torture
(Kyrgyzstan), 106
activists and activism, 10,17-18, 23;
ad hoc forms, 101; focus issues,
53-54, 54/, 58; forms of, 101-104;
human rights activists, 35; individual
activists, 25, 33-34, 35/, 38, 53-54,
54/, 99-101, 113-114, 181-186;
methods and ways of engaging
with the state, 32-34, 35/, 54—55;
motivation for, 33-36, 35/, 43-
44; policing of, 123-124; state
collaboration, 24-27, 194, 196,
203-204; strategies to promote
police reform, 38; uncivil forms,
103-104; in urban areas, 53-56
Adeishvili, Zurab, 73-74
ad hoc movements, 33, 55, 68,101,
113-114; motivations, methods,
and ways of engaging with the state,
34, 35/; in urban areas, 53-54, 54/
advisory councils, 99-101
advocacy, 115-116
advocacy campaigns, 183
Africa, 19-20. See also specific countries
Africa (homeless person), 180
African Americans: Black Lives Matter
movement, 3, 179-180, 200; police
brutality against, 176-178, 180, 202
agricultural sector, 141
Akayev, Askar, 89, 149-152
Akhalaia, Bacho, 76, 78-79
Akhmadov, Mirzokhuja, 167, 169
Ak-Shumkar (White Falcon), 88
Aksy, Kygryzstan, 29, 30/, 53-54, 54/,
137-139,139/, 149-156
Aktau, Kazakhstan, 160-161
Alasania, Irakli, 70, 73, 82-83
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 180
Alfa Group (KGB), 59
Alga! party, 163
All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda (Svoboda),
60, 121, 125
Almaty, Kazakhstan, 29, 40, 159
American Civil Liberties Union
(ACLU), 178
Andijan, Uzbekistan, 57, 174
antirallies, 60-61
Arab Spring, 187-190, 202
Armenia, 57-58
armored vehicles, 160, 178. See also
militarization
art installations, 54—55
Asaba (Banner) party, 104
Asanakunov, Ryspay, 105
Asia, 19-20
Association of Female Police
Personnel, 103
Association of Ukrainian Human Rights
Monitors on Law Enforcement,
113-115, 132
Astana, Kazakhstan, 159, 166
Ata-Jurt (Homeland) party, 104
Atakhanov, Shamil, 95, 97, 105
Atambayev, Almazbek, 92, 97, 103,
108, 222n48
Ata-Meken (Fatherland), 88
authoritarianism: police activities, 7,
47-48, 173-174; and police reform,
4, 15, 151, 153, 188, 196; and
violence against women, 145
Avakov, Arsen, 110, 123-124, 129-131
Azerbaijan, 58
Azov, 124-125
Babanov, Omurbek, 95
Bakiyev, Kurmanbek, 49-50, 52, 59-61,
87, 89, 152-153
Bakiyev, Maksim, 153
Bakiyev, Marat, 152-153
Bakiyev, Zhanysh, 153
Banchuk, Aleksandr, 115-116,123
Bar Association (Tajikistan), 170
Baselia, Eka, 81-82
Beknazarov, Azimbek, 149-150
Belarus, 57
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 186-189, 193
Berkut special forces (Ukraine), 42-
43, 109-110, 112-113,118-119,
123, 145
Bezopasny Gorod (Safe City), 43, 97-98
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 29, 49; activist
focus issues, 53-54, 54/; “For
Reforms” rally (April 2007), 60-61;
methods of policing protest, 60-61;
patrol police, 94, 97-99; police
brutality, 45, 155; police reform,
88-89, 97-99, 156; police violence
against protestors, 195-196;
population growth, 56; preexisting
dissent infrastructure, 53-54, 54/;
street cameras, 94; transformative
violence, 28-29, 30/, 61-62,
62/, 201
Black Lives Matter, 3, 179-180, 200
Bloc “Solidamist’” (Solidarity), 122
bloggers, 55, 102, 161
body cameras, 127-128,178
border control, 170
Bouazizi, Mohamed, 187-188
bribery, 4, 55, 99, 107
broken windows approach, 166
Brown, Michael, 3,176-180, 192-193, 202
Bureau of International Narcotics and
Law Enforcement Affairs (U.S.), 18,
127, 129, 169-170
Buijanadze, Nino, 74—75
California Highway Patrol, 127
cameras: body cameras, 127-128, 178;
photography, 55, 102; street
cameras, 94; videography, 55, 101—
102, 128, 131, 159, 161,177-178
Canada, 127
capitalism, gangster, 111
Caracas, Venezuela, 190-191
Carey, Sabine, 47
case studies, 20, 22-23
censorship, 26
Center for Civil Liberties, 122
Center for Political and Legal Reforms,
113-115, 123
Center of Social Partnership, 165
Central Asia Free Market Institute, 95
Chashmai Hayot (Source of Life), 170
Chavez, Hugo, 187, 191-192
Chemovol, Tetiana, 118
Chisinau, Moldova, 181-182
Chkhataashvili, Davit, 79
citizen journalism, 55, 102, 161
citizen patrols, 121-122
civic activism, 53-56; ad hoc forms, 101;
collective action, 61-63; focus
issues, 53-54, 54/, 58; motivation
238 | Index
for, 33-36, 43-44; repertoires of,
32-33, 54-55. See also activists and
activism
civilians: violence against, 4, 6, 23,
118-119, 176-178, 202. See also
police brutality
civil society, 49-52, 51/, 214n 17
civil society activists. See activists and
activism
Civil Society against Corruption, 151
civil society groups or organizations, 37,
53, 70-71, 88, 92-93, 114. See also
specific groups and organizations
Club of Liberal Youth and Free
Generation Alliance, 93-94
Coalition for Democracy and Human
Rights, 93-94
coercive tactics, 107; high-intensity, 57;
low-intensity, 57
collaboration: state-society, 24-27,
194, 196, 203-204; venues for,
104-107
collective farms (kolkhozes), 141
communications, 39-40
community police, 3, 18-19, 58, 96, 171
comparative perspective, 175-193
computers, 69
confessions, forced, 79, 11Î-112
consensus-building, 13-14, 17,43
corruption, 13, 183, 203; as protest issue,
53-55, 54/; “zero tolerance” policy
toward, 73-74
Crimea, 120, 122-123
crime reporting, 131
Criminal Investigation Corps
(Venezuela), 192
criminal police, 19
criminology, 77, 166
crowd control, 60, 74-75, 129, 153
curfew, 161
Czech Republic, 131
Dalton, Russel, 53
Darden, Keith, 141
Datka, Kurmanjan, 102, 222n48
Davenport, Christian, 12
death rates, 142
della Porta, Donatella, 8, 48
demilitarization, 42, 95-96, 122-123, 178
democratic countries, 19-20
Democratic Movement (Georgia), 74
Democratic Party (Mongolia), 185
democratic police reform, 11-12,
199-200
democratic process, 53-54, 54/
democratization, 13, 96
demographic changes, 141
demonstrations, 47; oilfield riots, 40, 60,
160-166; police response, 74, 79,
98, 109; urban, 28; violence before
and during, 61-62, 62/. See also
protest(s)
depoliticization, 42, 96
dissent: methods of policing, 57;
preexisting infrastructure, 16-17,
25, 41-42, 41/, 45-63, 54/, 186-192,
194, 197; types of, 47
dogmatism, 36-39
domestic violence, 148
Donetsk, Ukraine, 119-120, 146
Dorozhny Kontrol (Road Control),
55, 116
Drug Enforcement Administration
(U.S.), 129
drug wars, 178-179
Dryzhak, Evhen, 145-146
Duisheyev, Kubanychbek, 104
DuPuppo, Lili, 218n60
Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 171-172
Dydenko, Andriy, 35, 115-116
Egypt, 188-190
Elbegdoij, Tsakhiagiin, 185
Enkhbayar, Nambaryn, 185
equipment, 19; armored vehicles,
160, 178; material support, 170;
surplus military equipment,
178-179; technology procurement,
96. See also militarization
Estonia, 68
ethnic strife, 91-92, 99, 103, 149,
153-155, 163
Index | 239
Euromaidan protests, 22, 40, 42, 45, 49,
51-52, 58, 61-63, 109-110, 130,
201; police response, 57, 59;
protestors, 119-122; transformative
violence, 117-119
European Convention for the Prevention
of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment, 114
European Convention for the Protection
of Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms, 114
European Court of Human Rights, 134
European Union (EU), 18, 169, 181
extortion, 4, 74
extremism, 124-125
Facebook, 40, 105, 143
Femen, 144
Ferguson, Missouri, 176, 179, 202
Fernandez, Luis, 1
fertility rates, 142
financial police, 61
financial resources, 127, 178
flash mobs, 146
focus issues, 53-54, 54r, 58
forced confessions, 111-112
forced marriage, 91-92
foreign agents, 51-52
foreign aid, 6, 18, 71, 127, 169
former police employees, 34-36, 351
“For Reforms” rally (April 2007), 60-61
Foundation for Road Safety, 55
Francisco, Ronald, 29
freedom, civic, 50
Freedom House Democracy Index,
18; Civil Society ranking, 50;
Judicial Framework and
Independence ranking, 50
Garibashvili, Irakli, 5, 78-79
Gamer, Eric, 177
gatherings, 54-55
Georgia, 64-86, 130, 194; antigovemment
demonstrations, 45, 63; Border
Police, 67; civil society and rule of
law, 15, 50, 51/, 52; civil society
organizations, 70-71; Criminal
Police, 67; democracy rating, 52;
education system, 69; financial
aid, 71-72; GDP, 71, 218n39;
Gldani prison protests (September
2012), 64, 75-80; human rights
violations, 80; Interior Ministry,
65-70, 78-86; May 2011 protests, 60;
methods of policing protest,
57-58, 60, 63, 74, 79; Ministry
of Emergencies, 67; National
Council, 74; NGOs, 70-71, 196;
Police Academy, 67, 72-73, 77;
police forces, 2, 5, 8, 70, 72-74;
police reforms, 12-13, 16i, 22-23,
32, 38-39, 43, 61-72,77-79, 83-86,
128-131, 175, 195-201; police
stations, 69; Rose Revolution,
51, 65, 72; Security Police, 67;
State Security Service, 83-84;
state-society collaboration,
26, 196; surveillance, 81-83;
traffic police, 55; transformative
violence, 175; urbanization, 55-56;
“zero tolerance” policy toward
corruption, 73-74
Georgian Dream, 36, 51, 63, 73, 76,
80-83, 85
Georgian model, 125-129. See also
Georgia
Georgian National Communications
Commission, 80
Georgian Public Broadcast Service, 80
Georgian Young Lawyers’ Association
(GYLA), 63, 72, 75-77,
79-80, 83-84
Gharibashvili, Irakli, 82-83, 85-86
Gigauri, Eka, 83
Giuliani, Rudy, 166
Glavnoe razvedovateVnoe upravlenie
(GRU, Main intelligence
Directorate), 58
Gldani prison protests (September 2012),
64, 75-80
Gomelauri, Vakhtang, 82
goodwill expenditures, 171
240 | Index
Governance Index (World Bank), 18, 50;
Rule of Law indicator, 50; Voice and
Accountability indicator, 50
grassroots movements, 181-186
GRU (Glavnoe razvedovatel’noe
upravlenie, Main Intelligence
Directorate), 58
Gryphon special forces (Ukraine), 112, 119
guerrilla warfare, 47
GYLA (Georgian Young Lawyers’
Association), 63, 72, 75-77,
79-80, 83-84
habitualization, 107
Hadfield, Gillian, 11
hate speech, 103
Helsinki Union, 35, 115
Herrera, Maria, 190
homelessness, 180
homophobia, 103
homosexual relations, 103
honesty, 68
human rights, 68
human rights activists, 35. See also
activists and activism
Human Rights Center (Tajikistan), 170
Human Rights for Georgia, 80
human rights groups, 114
human rights violations, 79-80, 98
Hurricane Katrina, 179-180
hybrid regimes, 15
Ilyin, Yuruy, 119
Independence Day celebrations, 160-161
individual activists, 25, 99-101, 113-114,
181-186; motivations, methods,
and ways of engaging with the
state, 33-34, 35?; strategies to
promote police reform, 38; in urban
areas, 53-54, 541. See also specific
individuals
internal migration, 56
international donors, 6, 18, 71
International Society for Fair Elections
and Democracy, 83
international terrorism, 158
International Women’s Day, 144
invincibility, 53-54, 541
Iskandarov, Shoh, 169
Islam, 158
Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, 172
Islamists, 189
Ismailova, Tolekan, 151
Italy, 68
Ivanishvili, Bidzina, 71-73, 78, 83
Izoria, Levan, 83, 216n6
Japan, 8, 127
Jeenbekov, Ravshan, 95, 105
Jeltoksan riots, 157
“Joining Europe without Fascists!” rally
(May 2013), 60
journalism: citizen, 55, 102; crime
reporting, 131
judicial framework, 50
Kabiri, Mukhidin, 172
Kalyev, Bakytbek, 153
Kalys (Justice) movement, 103
Kardava, Megis, 79
Katzenstein, Peter, 8
Kazakhstan, 52, 158-166, 194; civil
society groups, 162-163; Defense
Ministry, 164; economy, 159;
Independence Day celebrations,
160-161; Interior Ministry, 160,
162- 165; methods of policing
protest, 26, 57, 60, 187; military
police squad, 165; Ministry of
Education, 164; Ministry of
Health, 164; Ministry of Internal
Affairs, 164; NGOs, 162-163;
Nurly Kosh (Blessed Migration)
program, 163; oilfield riots, 40, 60,
160-166; police brutality, 196; police
forces, 2, 165; police reform, 13,
15-16, 16?, 22-23, 157-158,
163- 166, 173-175; privatization,
140-141; rural violence, 60,
137-138, 157-158, 175,
196; Samruk-Kazyna national
wealth fund, 163, 165
Index | 241
KazMunaiGaz, 164
Keck, Margaret, 26
Kemaladdinuly, Elsultan, 163
KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoy
bezopasnosti, Committee for State
Security), 58-59
Khalimov, Gulmurod, 172
Kharkhiv Human Rightts Group, 123, 131
Kharkhiv, Ukraine, 119
Khishigdemberel, Temuujin, 185
Khorog, Tajikistan, 168, 171
King, Rodney, 39, 176
Klitchko, Vitaly, 60, 145
Koba, Valery, 146
kolkhozes (collective farms), 141
Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti
(KGB, Committee for State
Security), 58-59
Kosovo, 68, 151
Kozhoridze, Kakha, 83
Kozlov, Vladimir, 163
Krashkova, Irina, 144-149
Kuchma, Leonid, 113, 140, 225n33
Kuli bay ev, Timur, 164
Kusherbayev, Krymbek, 164
Kyiv, Ukraine, 29,49; activist focus
issues, 53-54, 54/; Euromaidan
protests, 22, 40, 42, 45, 49,
51-52, 57-59, 61-63, 109-110,
117-122, 130, 201;Independence
Square, 146; police brutality, 45,
195-198; police officers, 127-128;
population growth, 56; preexisting
dissent infrastructure, 53-54, 54/;
protests, 143-144, 146-147; “Rise
up, Ukraine!” rally (May 2013), 60;
traffic police, 128; transformative
violence, 28-29, 30/, 61-62, 62/,
3 17-119
Kylym Shamy, 99
Kyrgyzstan, 87-108, 194; Action Plan
on the Prevention of Torture, 106;
antigovernment protests (April
2010), 45, 87; Association of Female
Police Personnel, 103; Bezopasny
gorod, 43; civil society and rule of
law, 15, 50-51, 51/, 52; civil society
groups, 88, 92-93; democracy
rating, 52; dissent infrastructure, 108;
ethnic violence, 91-92; General
Prosecutor’s Office, 103; human
rights violations, 91-92; Interim
Government, 89-90, 153; Interior
Ministry, 88-95, 97-98, 101, 103,
105, 107, 152-155, 196; local
sovereigns, 149-156; methods of
policing protest, 57, 63; Ministry of
Labor, Migration and Youth, 103;
nongovernmental organization
(NGOs), 88-89, 92-94, 108; OBON
(otryad bab osobogo naznacheniya),
102, 222n48; patrol police, 97-99;
police accreditation exam, 93-94;
police brutality, 89-92, 107; police
forces, 2, 88-91,97-99, 105-106;
police reform, 16/, 23, 38-39,
43, 61-63, 88-89, 92-99, 108,
150-156, 174, 195-196, 198,201;
preexisting dissent infrastructure,
53-54, 54/; privatization, 141; Public
Advisory Councils (PACs), 99-101;
Public Security Iinitiative, 154-155;
rural violence, 137-156; State
Committee for National Security, 87,
103, 152-153; state control, 137-
156; State Security Service, 153;
state-society collaboration, 26;
transformative violence, 64, 138-
139, 139/, 175; urbanization, 55-56;
youth collectives, 88
Kyrk Choro (Forty Knights) movement,
103-104
labor strikes, 47
land redistribution, 141
Larayedh, Ali, 189
Latin America, 19-20
law enforcement: police brutality against
African Americans, 176-178,
180, 202; rule of law, 11, 50
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
(LGBT) rights, 54-55, 58, 91-92
Levitsky, Steven, 57
Lewis, David, 90-91, 164
242 j Index
Libya, 190
Light, Matthew, 72
local sovereigns, 149-156
log books, 114-115
Lomjaria, Nino, 83
Los Angeles, California, 180
Lutsenko, Yuriy, 114, 116, 118, 125
Lviv, Ukraine, 131
Maduro, Nicolas, 187, 190-192
Mafiosi, 67
Makar, Oksana, 143-144
Maksimenko, Serhiy, 145
Mamyrov, Shamshybek, 92
Mangystau oblast, Kazakhstan, 160
marches, 54-55
Margvelashvili, Giorgi, 82-84
Mariupol, Ukraine, 124, 132
marketization, 53
Martin, Trayvon, 3, 179-180
masculinity, 179
mass demonstrations. See demonstrations;
protest(s)
mass media, 25-26, 29, 39-40, 53-54,
54/, 132, 150
Matviichuk, Olexandra, 122, 131
Medvedev, Dmitry, 5
Merabishvili, Ivane, 68, 70, 73-74, 78-
79, 85, 127
Middle East, 19-20; Arab Spring,
187-190, 202. See also
specific countries
Migdal, Joel, 202
migration, internal, 56
militarization, 48-49, 79, 122-123,
164-165; armored vehicles,
160, 178; surplus military
equipment, 178-179
minority groups, 197-198
misogyny, 103
mobilization, 21-44; factors and
triggers, 25-26; methods to
prevent and suppress, 26;
for police reform, 202;
post-transformative-violence, 25-26
moderates, 121
modernization, 70
Moldova, 20, 176, 181-183, 193
Molotov cocktails, 118, 145
Mongolia, 20, 176, 181,184-186, 193,
201-202
Mongolian People’s Revolutionary
Party, 184
Mothers of Maidan, 120-121
mottos, 171
Motyl, Alexander, 140
Mubarak, Hosni, 188
Mukhamedzhanov, Baurzhan, 164
Muskhelishvili, Marina, 77
Mykolaiev, Ukraine, 138-139, 139/,
143-144
Myrgorodskyi, Artem, 122
Myrzakmatov, Melis, 149, 153
Nashe Pravo (Our Right), 34, 93-94
National Border Control Service
(Ukraine), 122-123
National Commission on Police Reform
(Venezuela), 191
National Guard (Ukraine), 124
National Guard (US), 178
National Guard (Venezuela), 192
nationalism, 58, 103, 125
National Police (Venezuela), 191-192
National Preventive Mechanism
(Ukraine), 114
National Security Council
(Ukraine), 123
Nayyem, Mustafa, 122
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 59-60, 158-160,
163-165
Nazarzoda, Abdulhalim, 172
new weapons and equipment, 19
New York City, New York, 166
Nogoibayev, Bolotbek, 61
nongovernmental organization (NGOs),
10, 88-89, 92, 108, 123, 162-
163, 201; advocacy campaigns, 183;
and bottom-up police reform, 113-
114, 116; motivations, methods, and
ways of engaging with the state,
29, 33-34, 35/, 37-39, 43; in urban
areas, 53-54, 54/. See also specific
organizations
Index I 243
North Africa: Arab Spring, 187-190, 202.
See also specific countries
Nuri Islorn (Ray of Islam) mosque, 170
Nurly Kosh (Blessed Migration)
program, 163
NurOtan Party, 159, 163, 165
Nymdorj, Tsendiin, 185
Obama, Barack, 3, 180, 200
Odom, William, 21
oilfield riots, 40, 60, 160-166
Oksana Makar syndrome, 144
ombudsman, 34, 35i, 74; Ukrainian
Parliamentary Commissioner for
Human Rights, 113-115
OMON (otryad militsii osobogo
naznacheniya; special purpose police
detachment) troops, 57-58, 172
Open Society Forum, 185
Open Society Foundation Mongolia, 184
oralmans (ethnic Kazakh immigrants),
158,161-163
Orange Revolution, 32, 50-51,118-119,
130, 225n33
Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 18,
92-94, 150-155, 170-171
organized crime, 68
Osh, Kyrgyzstan, 99, 149, 153-156
Otorbayev, Joomart, 98, 106—107
Otunbayeva, Roza, 88, 99-101, 103,
108, 154
oversight, 23, 71, 114-115, 147, 178
Ozcan, Gul Bema, 227n7
Partskhaladze, Otar, 79
Party of Regions, 60, 143-144
Parubiy, Audrey, 123
patrimonialism, 5-6
Patriot of Ukraine, 125
patrol police, 94, 110-111, 122, 125-132;
attempts to reform, 97-99; California
Highway Patrol, 127
patronage, 4-5, 72, 164, 183
People’s Front, 125
Perenlei, Erdenejargal, 184
petty extortion, 74
photography, 55, 102
Poland, 131
police behavior, 7
police brutality, 6, 26, 39-40, 45-4-6,
62t, 155, 176, 196-198; against
African Americans, 176-178, 202;
legacy, 89-92; during mass
protests, 28; as protest issue, 53-
54, 541; torture, 27-28, 79, 85, 99,
107, 113-112; victims of, 34—35
police corruption, 13, 183, 203; as protest
issue, 53-55, 541 “zero tolerance”
policy toward, 73-74
police forces: armored vehicles, 160, 178;
broken windows approach, 166;
California Highway Patrol, 127;
challenges to, 31; changes
that transformed, 134—135;
coercive tactics, 107; collective
action, 61-63; definition of, 6-14,
198-200; demilitarization of, 42;
depoliticization of, 42; equipment
for, 19, 178-179; expansion of,
157-174; female officers, 69-70;
former employees, 34, 35t; law on,
133-135; material support, 170;
as medium for consensus, 11-12;
methods of policing protest, 18-19,
474-9, 56-61, 123-124, 163-166;
militarization of, 48-49, 79,
122-123, 164—165; OMON (otryad
militsii osobogo naznacheniya;
special purpose police detachment)
troops, 57-58, 172; patrol police,
94, 97-99, 110-111, 122,
125-132; politicization of, 47-48;
postauthoritarian, 12; post-Soviet,
3-20, 194-204; professional, 48,
68- 69, 125; recruitment of,
69- 70, 125; as reflection of
society, 3, 7, 11, 203-204; as
regime of governance, 6-7, 19;
riot police, 60; salaries, 69-70;
as service providers, 9-10, 134-
135, 171; social benefits, 68—70;
244 | Index
as social partners, 97; technology
procurement, 96; traffic control,
18-19,43, 55,58, 100-101, 122,
125, 128; training for, 60, 69-70,
77, 93-94, 96,99, 126, 154-155,
170, 185; types of, 18-19; zero-
tolerance policing, 166
police reform, 3-4, 22, 192-193;
bottom-up, 9, 113-117, 124—125,
170-171, 177, 186, 192-193; civic
activism and, 50; components
of, 45-63; definition of, 199-200,
202-203; democratic, 10-13, 98-99;
funding, 71; Georgian model,
125-129; key variables, 194; with
limited input from reformers,
129-133; main points,
96; methods, 36-39; mobilization
for, 202; outside-inside,
177; oversight, 23, 71, 114-115,
147, 178; pathways to, 181—
186, 196; post-Ferguson, 176-180;
post-Soviet, 11, 194-204; reasons
for resistance to, 4-6, 10; vs
refurbishment, 64-86; in response
to protests and transformative
violence, 174; strategies to
promote, 38; top-down, 177;
transformation, 194—204
Police Reform Civil Society Advisory
Group (Tajikistan), 170
police studies, 8-9
Police under Control app, 132
Polishchuk, Dmitry, 145
political activism. See activists and
activism
political leaders, 4-5, 17-18, 26, 53-54,
54?, 58
political loyalty, 5, 23, 42, 56-57, 78,
111-112, 156, 171-172
political parties, 33, 36; motivations,
methods, and ways of engaging
with the state, 34, 35?; in urban
areas, 53-54, 541. See also
specific parties
political transformation, 151
political violence, 28. See also violence
politicization; of crowd control
techniques, 74-75; of police, 47-
48; of protest, 47; as protest issue,
53-54, 54?
Popkhadze, Ekaterine, 72, 75
population shifts, 28-29, 56
Poroshenko, Petro, 110, 122, 125-126
postauthoritarian countries, 12, 200
post-Communist countries, 12
postelectoral revolutions, 54—55
post-Soviet cities, 49-52. See also specific
countries
post-Soviet countries, 21; methods
to prevent and suppress
mobilization, 26; police forces, 1-20;
police transformation, 194—204; rural
areas, 139-142. See also specific
countries
poverty, 54-55
preexisting dissent infrastructure, 16-17,
25, 194, 197; in rural areas, 41-
42, 41?; in urban areas, 41-42, 41?,
45-63, 54?; weak, 186-192
prison conditions, 43; Gldani prison
scandal, 64, 75-80; specialized
units, 19; torture, 85
prison guards, 19
privacy rights, 128
privatization, 53, 140-141, 149
professionalism, 48, 60, 68, 118; as
protest issue, 53-54, 54?
protest(s), 45; focus issues, 53-54,
54?, 58; oilfield riots, 40, 60, 160-
166; police response to, 18-19, 28,
56-61, 173-174, 178; politicization
of, 47; progovemment protests, 63;
risk factors for, 165; in rural
areas, 56; in urban areas, 29, 53-54,
61-62, 62?; violence before
and during, 61-62, 62?. See also
demonstrations
Pshonka, Viktor, 119, 143
Public Advisory Councils
(PACs), 99-101
public art, 54-55
Index | 245
public oversight, 23, 71, 114-115,
147, 178
public relations, 100, 128, 166; state-
society collaboration, 24-27,
194, 196, 203-204; venues for
collaboration, 104-107
Putin, Vladimir, 5
Putnam, Robert, 33
racial profilling, 177
racketeering, 4
radical Islam, 158
radicalization, 165
Radnitz, Scott, 150
Rajhi, Fourhad, 189
Rakhmon, Emomali, 158, 166-172
rape, 62/, 142-143, 147-148
Rasht Valley, Tajikistan, 29, 30/,
53-54, 54/, 138-139, 139/, 157,
167-173,201
Reanimation Package of Reforms,
122, 133
refurbishment, 64-86
research methods, 14-19
revolutions, 47; postelectoral, 54—55;
violence before and during,
61-62, 62/
Riga, Latvia, 58
Right Sector party, 36, 124-125
riot police, 60
riots, 47; oilfield riots, 40, 60, 160-166;
violence before and during,
61-62, 62/. See also
demonstrations; protest(s)
“Rise up, Ukraine!” rally (Kyiv,
May 2013), 60
Risse, Thomas, 107
Rose Revolution, 51,65, 72
rule of law, 11,50
rural areas, 56; demographic
changes, 141; preexisting dissent
infrastructure, 41^-2, 41/;
transformative violence, 41-42, 41/,
138-139, 139/, 140, 156; violence,
26-31, 137-174
rural development, 53
Russia, 5, 31, 58, 122-123, 140-141
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 13, 32, 50-51,
130-131; methods of policing
protest, 60, 63; police reform efforts,
38-39, 65, 67, 70, 72, 74, 85-86;
“zero tolerance” policy toward
corruption, 73-74
Saeed, Khaled, 189-190
Salihov, Mahmadnazar, 168-169
Salihov, Taigonazar, 168-169
Samruk-Kazyna national wealth fund,
163, 165
Sarchasma (Wellspring) (NGO), 170
secret police, 61
security campaigns, 13
Self-Reliance party, 125
semiauthoritarian states, 47-48, 214nl7
Serra, Robert, 190
sexual harassment, 148
sex workers, 79, 103
Shamsudinov, Rinat, 100-101
Shepte, Kazakhstan, 160-161
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 67
Shukeyev, Umirzak, 162-163
Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, 187
Sikkink, Kathryn, 26, 107
el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 190
Skocpol, Theda, 27, 29
Slavs, 159
Social Democratic Party of
Kyrgyzstan, 88
social entrepreneurs, 32-33
social media, 39-40, 54-55,128, 161-162,
179-180
social movements, 55
Sodovy, Andrii, 125
Sokol special forces (Ukraine), 112
Soros Foundation, 131, 162
sovkhozes (state farms), 141
special forces, 19; OMON (otryad militsii
osobogo naznacheniya), 57—58, 172;
Spetsnaz (voiska spetsiaVnogo
naznacheniya), 58
246 | Index
Spetsnaz (voiska spetsial’nogo
naznacheniya, special forces), 58
state control: methods and motivations for
engagement, 34, 35/; reassertion of,
137-156
state farms (sovkhozes), 141
state-in-society theorization, 202
state-society collaboration, 24-27, 194,
196, 203-204
street cameras, 94
street politics, 62
student protests, 62/, 64, 75-80
surveillance, 48, 57, 75, 80-83,
134,198
Sutton, Jonathan, 25
Svoboda (All-Ukrainian Union Svoboda),
60, 121, 125
SWAT units, 178-179
Syria, 190
Tajikistan, 52, 166-168, 194; border
control, 170; financial aid, 169;
foreign aid, 169; government
response postviolence, 187; Interior
Ministry, 169-173; methods of
policing protest, 57-58; National
Police Reform Strategy, 171;
NGOs, 170, 173; police forces,
2, 196; On Police law, 171; police
reform, 15-16, 16/, 22-23, 157-158,
167-175; rural violence, 137-138,
157-158, 175, 196; state-society
collaboration, 26; transformative
violence, 138-139, 139/, 157-158,
167, 175,201
Talas, Kyrgyzstan, 87
target vulnerability, 32
Tbilisi, Georgia, 29; activist focus
issues, 53-54, 54/; antigovernment
protests, 195-196; Gldani prison
protests (September 2012), 64, 75-
80; mass demonstrations, 45, 49-
50, 75; police brutality, 197-198;
population growth, 56; preexisting
dissent infrastructure, 53-54, 54/;
protests, 61-62; transformative
violence, 28-29, 30/, 61-62, 62/
Tbilisi State University, 75-80
Tchikaidze, Alexandre, 5, 78-79, 82
tear gas, 153
technology, 69
technology procurement, 96
television, 73, 80
terror, 85
terrorism, 158, 179
Think Moldova! movement, 181
titushki (thugs), 118
torture, 27-28, 79, 99, 107, 111-112;
prison, 85
traffic police, 18-19, 43, 58, 100-101,
122, 125, 128; corruption among, 55;
fines for traffic violations, 78
training: for police forces, 60, 69-70,
77, 93-94, 96, 99, 126, 154-155,
170, 185
transformative violence, 16, 194-195;
comparative perspective, 175-193;
definition of, 24; Gldani prison
protests (September 2012), 64,
75-80; and mobilization, 21-44; in
post-Soviet countries, 29, 30/; and
preexisting dissent, 41—42,41/,
186-192; rationale for, 49; in
rural areas, 41-42, 41/, 138-139,
139/, 156; in urban areas, 41-42,
41/, 45-63,62/, 175
transparency, 69, 110-111, 133
Transparency International, 72-73,
77, 80, 83
Trident, 125
Tsushko, Vasily, 116
Tuganel, 163
Tugushi, Giorgi, 76
Tunisia, 20, 176, 186-190, 193, 201-202
Tunisian Institutional Reform, 188-189
Tunisian Observatory of Global Security,
188-189
Turganbayev, Melis, 98, 107
Twitter, 40, 161
Tyagnibok, Oleg, 60
Index | 247
UDAR (Ukrainian Democratic Alliance
for Reform) party, 60, 146
Ugulava, Gigi, 80
Ukraine, 109-136, 194; agricultural
sector, 142; Berkut special forces,
42^13, 109, 112, 118, 123, 145; civil
society and rule of law, 15, 50-52,
51/, 117; civil society groups, 131;
Criminal Code, 148; Criminal
Procedure Code, 114; Defense
Ministry, 122-123; democracy, 51-
52; depopulation, 142; Euromaidan
protests, 22, 40, 42, 45, 49, 51-52,
57-59, 61-63, 109-110, 117-
119, 130, 201; Gryphon special
forces, 112; Interim Government,
119, 122-123, 135; Interior Ministry,
110-114, 116-117, 122-124, 128,
135-136; judicial system, 15,
22, 51-52; law on police, 133-135;
methods of policing protest, 26,
57-58, 60, 63; National Border
Control Service, 122-123; National
Guard, 124; National Preventive
Mechanism, 114; National Security
Council, 123; NGOs, 113; Orange
Revolution, 50-51, 118-119, 130,
225n33; patrol police, 110-111,
122, 125, 127; police forces, 2, 5,
22, 122, 125-126, 134, 225n33;
police reform, 16t, 22-23, 32, 36,
42-43, 61-62, 110-117, 122-
135,174-175, 195-196, 201;
privatization, 140-141; rural
violence, 137-156; Security Service,
112, 122-123, 134; Sokol special
forces, 112; state control, 137-156;
State Investigation Bureau, 114;
state-society collaboration, 26, 196;
Statute of the Patrol Service of the
Police of Ukraine, 112; traffic police,
55, 122; transformative violence,
64, 117-119, 138-139, 139i, 175;
urbanization, 55-56; violence against
women, 142-149
Ukraine’s Right Sector, 104
Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for
Reform (UDAR) party, 60, 146
Ukrainian National Assembly-Ukrainian
National Self-Defense, 125
Ukrainian Parliamentary Commissioner
for Human Rights (ombudsman),
113-115
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 184
Umuralieva, Kalicha, 34, 95
uncivil society, 103-104
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR), 21
United Georgia, 74
United National Movement, 76, 84
United Nations: Special Rapporteur
on Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
or Punishment, 106; Urban
Agglomerations, 18
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), 162
United States: Bureau of International
Narcotics and Law Enforcement
Affairs, 18, 127, 129, 169-170;
Civil War, 27; Department
of Defense, 178-179; Drug
Enforcement Administration, 129;
foreign aid to Ukraine, 127; Law
Enforcement Equipment Working
Group, 179; National Guard, 178;
Obama administration, 178-179;
police forces, 9, 20, 68; police
reform, 176-180, 192-193, 202;
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt
Organizations (RICO) Act, 68
United States Agency for
International Development
(USAID), 162, 169
United Tajik Opposition, 167
Urban Agglomerations (United
Nations), 18
urban areas: activist focus issues,
53-54, 54f; preexisting
dissent infrastructure,
248 | Index
41-42,41/, 45-63, 54/; protest
activity, 28, 45, 47-49, 53-56,
61-62, 62/; transformative violence,
27-31,41—42,41/, 45-63, 175
urbanization, 55-56
Usupashvili, David, 81-83
Utiashvili, Shota, 67-68
Uzbekistan, 57
Venezuela, 20, 176, 190-193
victims of police abuse, 34-35
videography, 55, 101-102, 128, 131, 159,
161, 177-178
vigilante groups, 88
violence: against African Americans,
176-178, 180, 202; against civilians,
4, 6, 23, 118-119,
180; comparative perspective,
175-193; domestic, 148; physical,
4; political, 28; rationale for,
13; in rural areas, 27-31, 137-174;
transformation through, 200-204;
transformative, 16, 21^44, 41/,
45-63, 62/, 75-80, 138-139, 139/,
156, 175-195; urban vs rural,
27-31; against women, 103,
142-149. See also police brutality
VKontatke, 143
voiska spetsial nogo naznacheniya
(Spetsnaz, special forces), 58
Voronin, Vladimir, 182
Vradievka, Ukraine, 29, 53-54, 54/,
137; transformative violence, 29,
30/, 138-139, 139/; violence
against women, 144-149
Washington, D.C., 180
Way, Lucan, 57
Weingast, Barry, 11
White Hammer, 125
Wilson, Darren, 176, 180
women’s participation: in Euromaidan
protests, 120-121; forced
marriage, 91-92; in labor force, 171;
OBON (otryad bab osobogo
naznacheniya, special-purpose
female units), 102, 222n48;
in police forces, 125-126, 148;
risk factors for, 165; victims
of police torture, 111-112;
violence against women,
103, 142-149
Women’s Squadron, 120-121
working groups, 34, 35/. See also
civil society groups or
organizations; specific groups
World Bank, 18, 50, 71
Yanukovych, Viktor, 5, 15, 22, 32,
49-52, 109-112, 116-119,
146; methods of policing
protest, 59-61, 63; and
violence against women, 143
Yarema, Vitaliy, 123
Yarosh, Dmitry, 36, 125
Yatsenyuk, Arseniy, 125, 145
Youth and Society (NGO), 170
youth collectives, 88
Youth Group on the Protection of the
Environment, 170
youth meetings, 143-144
YouTube, 31,75, 161
Yushchenko, Viktor, 32, 113,
116, 130
Zakharchenko, Oleg, 167-168
Zakharchenko, Vitaliy, 5, 60, 113, 116-117,
119, 143, 146
Zakharov, Evgeny, 123,
131-132
Zaman, Volodymyr, 119
zero-tolerance policy, 73-74, 166
Zguladze, Eka, 125-126, 128-129
Zhanaozen, Kazakhstan, 29, 30/,
53-54, 54/, 137-139, 139/,
157-158; oilfield riots, 40, 60,
160-161; police reform, 60,
163-164
Zheltoqsan riots (Almaty,
December 1986), 58
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
Index I 249
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Marat, Erica |
| author_facet | Marat, Erica |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Marat, Erica |
| author_variant | e m em |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044893415 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HV8224 |
| callnumber-raw | HV8224 |
| callnumber-search | HV8224 |
| callnumber-sort | HV 48224 |
| callnumber-subject | HV - Social Pathology, Criminology |
| classification_rvk | MG 80950 MG 80082 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1035448473 (DE-599)BSZ501686126 |
| dewey-full | 363.20947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
| dewey-raw | 363.20947 |
| dewey-search | 363.20947 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.20947 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV044893415 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:04:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190861490 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030287376 |
| oclc_num | 1035448473 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-706 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-706 DE-521 |
| physical | ix, 249 Seiten Diagramme |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200219 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Marat, Erica Verfasser aut The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries Erica Marat New York Oxford University Press [2018] © 2018 ix, 249 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd rswk-swf Reformpolitik (DE-588)4048960-7 gnd rswk-swf Polizei (DE-588)4046595-0 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Police / Case studies / Former Soviet republics Police administration / Case studies / Former Soviet republics Elite (Social sciences) / Former Soviet republics Former Soviet republics / Politics and government Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 s Polizei (DE-588)4046595-0 s Reformpolitik (DE-588)4048960-7 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-19-086150-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-19-086151-3 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030287376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030287376&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Marat, Erica The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd Reformpolitik (DE-588)4048960-7 gnd Polizei (DE-588)4046595-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4328855-8 (DE-588)4048960-7 (DE-588)4046595-0 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries |
| title_auth | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries |
| title_exact_search | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries |
| title_full | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries Erica Marat |
| title_fullStr | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries Erica Marat |
| title_full_unstemmed | The politics of police reform society against the state in post-Soviet countries Erica Marat |
| title_short | The politics of police reform |
| title_sort | the politics of police reform society against the state in post soviet countries |
| title_sub | society against the state in post-Soviet countries |
| topic | Nachfolgestaaten (DE-588)4328855-8 gnd Reformpolitik (DE-588)4048960-7 gnd Polizei (DE-588)4046595-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nachfolgestaaten Reformpolitik Polizei Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030287376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030287376&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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