Anatomy of a genocide: the life and death of a town called Buczacz
"A fascinating and cautionary examination of how genocide can take root at the local level--turning neighbors, friends, and even family members against one another--as seen through the eastern European border town of Buczacz during World War II." -- Amazon.com
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; London ; Toronto ; Sydney ; New Delhi
Simon & Schuster
January 2018
|
| Ausgabe: | First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "A fascinating and cautionary examination of how genocide can take root at the local level--turning neighbors, friends, and even family members against one another--as seen through the eastern European border town of Buczacz during World War II." -- Amazon.com "For more than four hundred years, the Eastern European border town of Buczacz--today part of Ukraine--was home to Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews, all living side by side in relative harmony. Then came World War II, and in the span of a few years the entire Jewish population had been murdered by German and Ukrainian police, while Ukrainian nationalists eradicated Polish residents. The violence lifted as quickly as it began, leaving the survivors searching for answers. In Anatomy of a Genocide, historian Omer Bartov shows that ethnic cleansing doesn't occur, as is so often portrayed in popular history, with the quick ascent of a vitriolic political leader and the unleashing of military might. It begins in seeming peace, slowly and often unnoticed, as the culmination of pent-up slights and grudges and indignities. The perpetrators aren't just sociopathic soldiers--they are neighbors and friends and family. Others are average middle-aged men who come from elsewhere, often with their spouses and children and parents, and settle into a life of bourgeois comfort peppered with bouts of mass murder: an island of normality floating on an ocean of blood. For more than two decades, Bartov--whose mother was raised in Buczacz--traveled extensively throughout the region, scouring archives and amassing thousands of documents and photographs rarely seen until now. He relied on hundreds of first-person testimonies by victims, perpetrators, collaborators, and rescuers. The result is a vivid, suspenseful investigation into one of the biggest crimes in modern history. Anatomy of a Genocide changes our understanding of the Holocaust and the nature of mass killing as a whole. However, this book isn't just an attempt to understand what happened in the past. It's a warning of how it could happen again, in our own towns and cities--much more easily than we might think."--Dust jacket |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 398 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits |
| ISBN: | 9781451684537 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Memories of childhood -- The gathering storm -- Enemies at their pleasure -- Together and apart -- Soviet power -- German order -- The daily life of genocide -- Neighbors -- Aftermath | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "A fascinating and cautionary examination of how genocide can take root at the local level--turning neighbors, friends, and even family members against one another--as seen through the eastern European border town of Buczacz during World War II." -- Amazon.com | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178259853705216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
$ MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD 1
Chapter 1: THE GATHERING STORM 6
Chapter 2: ENEMIES AT THEIR PLEASURE 37
Chapter 3: TOGETHER AND APART 82
Chapter 4: SOVIET POWER 129
Chapter 5: GERMAN ORDER 158
Chapter 6: THE DAILY LIFE OF GENOCIDE 232
Chapter 7: NEIGHBORS 265
$ AFTERMATH 289
Acknowledgments 299
Notes 303
Index 369
IX
Index
Ackermann, Josef, 214—15
Ackermann, Klaus, 214, 227
Adler, Hania, 189
Agnon, Shmuel Yosef, vii, 33, 82,
292-93, 295
elections and, 6
and founding of Buczacz, 8
and Ottoman siege and
destruction of Buczacz, 12
and socialism in Buczacz, 30—31
and synagogue in Buczacz, 13
Albag, Ruhama, 295
Albrecht, Mojzesz, 171, 175—76
Alpinski, 256
Altchiler, Munio (Maurycy
Altschüler), 283
American Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee, 98
anarchism, 32—33
Anderman, Janek, 176, 253, 347n,
360«
Anderman, Max, 26, 356«
Anderman, Pesach, 152
Anderman, Sala, 347«, 356«
Anderman, Zev, 252—53
Ansky, S., 61-62, 88, 316«
anti-Semitism, 28, 57, 114,
311«
Buczacz and, 25, 92—95, 100,
121-22, 131,241
and demoralization of Jews,
99-100
elections and, 115—16
Galicia and, 20, 24, 34
guiding principle of, 100
investigating Nazi crimes and,
231
Jewish politics and, 32, 96, 119,
333«
Kollner and, 186
and negative depictions of Jews,
121-22
369
Index
anti-Semitism (cont.)
Poland and, 21, 24, 65, 68, 71, 94,
100-101, 121-22, 127, 131,
133-34, 152, 154, 156, 333«
Ruthenia and, 20—23
of Siewiriski, 39—42, 44—45, 47,
51,54, 67-68, 70-71
Soviets and, 24, 131, 133, 152,
154
Ukrainians and, 21, 101, 121,
126-27, 332«
World War I and, 24, 40-42,
44-45, 47-48, 50-54
Antochow, Wieslaw, 356«—57«
Arabs, 86
Armenians, Armenia, 7, 11, 78, 129
Austrians, Austria, xi, 16, 65, 68,
194, 358«
Buczacz occupied and ruled by,
13, 15-16, 62-63
education and, 29, 93
elections and, 34, 311«
and relations between Russia and
Ukraine, 76
World War I and, 43, 4546, 52,
54-59, 62-63, 313«
Austro-Hungarian Empire, x, 109
dissolution of, 63—64
education and, 26
multiethnicity of, 37
World War I and, 38, 40, 53-54,
63—64, 314«, 316«
Balfour Declaration, 83, 83
Banach, Alexius, 181
Bandera, Stepan, 162, 267
Banderites, 267, 268, 270-72, 274,
282, 349«, 359«, 363«
Bar^cz, Sadok, 7, 15
Baran, Mykhailo and Ilko, 253
Barg, Georg, 205, 354«
Barr, James, 103—5
Bartov, Hanoch (Helfgott), 1, 3
Bartov, Yehudit (Szimer), 326«
childhood of, 1, 1—4, 5
in Tel Aviv, xv
Barysz, 146, 148, 349«
Basilian monastery, 14, 15, 27, 57,
114, 159, 168-69, 220, 225,
279, 366«
World War I and, 44, 48
Batkivshchyna (Fatherland), 20-23
Bauer, Etunia, 151
Bauer, Rosalia, 204
Bauer, Yitzhak (Izak Emanuel, Izi),
93-95, 176-78, 348«
resistance and, 255-56
Beis Yaakov, 82
Belarusians, Belarus, 115, 327«
arrests and, 338«
deportations and, 147, 339«
elections and, 144
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 139
Befeec extermination camp, 3, 164,
188, 225,229, 273, 357«
Benjamin, Antonin Tymiel, 337n
Bereshovskiy, Ivan, 146
Berkovich, Baruch, 25
Berlin, x, xi, 32, 123, 126, 128,
334«, 350«
Berlin, Battle of, 148
Bernstein, Moriz, 18—19
Biedroh, Jan, 131, 145
Birnbaum, Natan, 6, 311«
Black Sea, x, xi, 186
370
Index
Blome, Fritz—Ernst, 350#—51«
Blond, 224-26
Bobretskyi, Yevtemyi, 366#
Bobyk, Ivan, 168, 338n, 343«—44«
Bochurkiv, Ilarion, 66—68
Boczar, Michal, 282
Bodaj, Antoni, 132
Bogusz, Maria, 132
Bojnowski, Jan, 149
Bolsheviks, 63, 108, 113, 342«, 368n
Buczacz rule of, 73-74, 82, 84, 88
Ukrainians threatened by, 69
see also Soviets, Soviet Union
Bolshevik Truth, 143
Book of the Deep Mire, The (Sefer
yeven metsula) (Hanover),
9-10
Bornstein, Yitzhak, 346«
Borszczow, 149, 281—82
Bosowski, Franciszek, 132—33, 338«
Bozek, Wladyslaw, 132, 337«—38«
Brandes, Abram, 182
Brandt, 124—26
Brecher, Rozia, 246
Brest—Litovsk, treaty of, 63
Brettschneider, Albert, 177, 188, 192,
196- 98,198, 208-09, 352-53«
and violence against Jews,
197- 98, 208-9, 352«
wife of, 209, 209
Brusilov, Aleksei, 58—59, 313«,
316«
Brzezany, 31, 214
Buczacki clan, 6—7
Buczacz, x, xi, 174, 265
aerial bombing of, 52, 56—57
anti-Semitism in, 25, 92—95,
100, 121-22, 131,241
arrests in, 210, 218, 221—25,
234, 239-42, 245-46, 249,
257, 277, 280, 349«, 355«
Austrian occupation and rule in,
13, 15-16, 62-63
Balfour Declaration and, 83
Bartovs mothers life in, 2-3
casino in, 215, 225
castle in, 6, 9, 9, 11—12, 11, 27,
114, 292, 298,298
Christian cemetery in, 254
churches in, 11, 114,134, 305«—6«
city hall of, 14, 15, 45, 114, 167,
279, 292, 347«
and civil war between Poles and
Ukrainians, 268, 269
communism and, 101—2,
162-63, 168, 292-93, 368«
daily life in, 225—26, 232—56
deportations and, 3, 70, 140,
147-49, 170, 170, 177, 210,
225, 229, 234, 242-43, 271,
274, 284, 286—88, 296, 346«
early history of, 6-16
economy of, 2, 37—38, 48,
95-96, 98, 130, 137, 140,
213, 266, 274, 288
education in, 14, 17-18, 25-29,
27, 31, 35, 37, 39-40, 44, 48,
52, 56-57, 64, 67, 71-74, 84,
88-95, 97, 98-100, 108-9,
114, 117-18, 130, 134-39,
141-42, 147, 149-50, 237,
240, 279, 281, 288, 291-92,
325«—26«, 328«, 331«, 359«
elections in, 6, 33, 96, 110, 115,
117, 144-46, 311«, 337«-38#
employment discrimination in, 117
371
Index
Buczacz ( cont.)
empty houses in, 265—66, 274
evacuations of, 57—58, 239
food shortages in, 143
founding of, 8
gendarmerie of, 49, 65—66, 70,
173, 176-77, 179, 183-84,
200, 202-8, 204, 210-12,
212, 215, 218-19, 219, 225,
227, 277, 279, 349«
ghetto in, 51, 173, 229-30, 233,
243, 246, 248-49, 256-58,
351«-52«
hospitals in, 30, 31, 44, 45, 57,
60, 62, 72, 98, 172, 177, 200,
211, 215-16, 235, 274-75,
351«, 356«-58«
housing shortages in, 64
hygiene and disease in, 30, 37,
51, 60,75, 89, 143, 229, 243
investigating Nazi crimes and,
231, 277, 284
Jewish cemetery in, 9, 11, 50,
88, 204-5, 208, 210-11, 221,
227-30, 242-43, 243,171,
289, 292, 295
Jewish emigration from, 3, 4,
28-29, 83-87, 89, 122
Jewish landownership in, 39, 47,
217
Jewish quarter of, 12, 210, 214
liberations of, 179, 240-41,
245-47, 274, 314«
looting and destruction in,
11-13, 47—50, 4859-61,
64, 66, 69-72, 74, 88, 158,
168, 227, 239, 242, 256-57,
265-66, 271, 274-75, 315«
Luh in, 110, 122
Main Street in, 56
maintenance of law and order in,
72-73
market square in, 66, 162, 180,
221, 225
monastery in, 11, 14, 15, 27, 44,
48, 57, 114, 159, 168-69,
220, 225, 279, 366«
museums in, 292—93, 293
naming of, 6-7
Nazi invasions and occupations
of, 87, 90, 93, 158, 159-230,
175, 214, 219, 223, 226,
227, 233-54, 256-61, 265,
267-68, 271-74, 277-80,
278, 283, 290, 292, 294-97,
327«—28«, 338 n341«—49«,
351 «-53«, 355«-56«, 358«,
363«, 365»—66«, 368«
Nazi withdrawals from, 210, 218,
275, 284
orphanage in, 59, 88—90, 90
Ottoman siege of, 11—13
OUN in, 110-11, 112, 125, 163
parade of “Ukrainian Army” in,
161-62, 161
patriotism in, 72, 292
pedestrian bridge in, 220, 222
physical appearance of, 6, 7-8, 7,
10-13, 61-62, 64, 114, 275,
288, 291
Polish capture and rule in,
70-73, 119-20
Polish Constitution Day and,
117, 120
Polish identity of, 39
Polish spelling of, xiii
372
Index
politics and, 30—31, 40, 88, 122,
139-40, 143, 274, 292-93,
329«, 335«, 368«
population of, 2, 14, 115—16,
119, 271,274, 288,308«,
311«, 330«, 367n~68n
press and, 129, 139-^40
railroad bridge in, 159, 159 214,
224, 227
railroad station in, 43, 70, 143,
148-49, 177, 225, 226
relations between religious and
ethnic communities in, 4—5
repatriating Poles and, 288
and rescues of babies, 236—38
resistance and, 255—56
return of Jews to, 82—83
Russian occupation and rule
in, 44-56, 58-61, 61, 313n,
315 «
Russian withdrawals from,
53-54, 62, 63
schematic map of, 231
Soviet invasions and occupations
of, 73-74, 82, 84, 88, 130-36,
138-42, 144-45, 147-51,
153, 155, 157, 160, 230, 271,
277-79, 286—88, 291-94,
297, 337«—38«, 363«
Soviet withdrawals from, 62, 63,
244, 281,365«
study houses in, 13, 14, 293,
295, 296
survivor s sketches of, 263
synagogues in, 11, 13, 14,
59-60, 96, 114, 117, 168,
203, 293-95, 305«-6«
tourist guide to, 291—92, 297
transportation in, 143
and Ukrainian cultural and
educational societies, 105,
106, 107-9, 107
Ukrainian insurgency and, 106,
125, 286-87
Ukrainian militance and, 111,
122
Ukrainian takeover of, 65—71,
317«-18«
and violence against Jews, 5,
164-66, 173, 179-203,
208-15, 211, 217-44,
249-51, 253-59, 265-66,
271, 278-80, 294-96, 359«
violence against Poles in, 364«
and violence against Ukrainians,
291
in wartime and its aftermath,
38—40, 42-63, 58, 60, 61,
62, 72, 74, 98, 105, 109, 138,
266, 271, 313«—15«
branches of Zionist organizations
in, 86-87, 98-99
Buczacz Collegium, 14
Buczacz Relief Society of America,
29
Burakowka, 364«
Camp of National Unity, 121
Central Jewish Committee, 282—83
Chaikivskyi, Mykhailo, 355«—56«
Chalfen, Abraham, 346«
Chalfen, Eliasz, 176, 178
Chalutz movement, 84, 89
Chlebek, Jozef, 41
Chorniy, Oksana, 296
Chorny family, 200—201
373
Index
Chovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion), 25
Christians, 4-5, 16, 247-48,
252- 54, 283, 358«, 361«
education and, 28, 40, 95
and empty houses in Buczacz,
265
and Jewish privileges in Buczacz,
13
Jews hidden by, 235
and liberation of Buczacz, 241
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz,
168-69, 235, 242, 247
and peasants’ perceptions of Jews,
21
and relations between Poles and
Ukrainians, 112
and rescues of babies, 236-38
and Russian occupation of
Buczacz, 52
as slave laborers, 271
and Soviet invasions and
occupations of Poland,
253- 54
World War I and, 51-52
City Whole, The (Agnon), vii, 8, 82
Clemenceau, Georges, 78
Cohen, Mina, 97
communists, communism, 129
141, 246, 273, 298
and atrocities in Galicia, 79
deportations and, 153
elections and, 144-46
fall of, 293, 296
Jewish politics and, 96, 101-2,
119, 130, 133-35, 152-53,
156, 238, 316«, 326«-29«,
335«, 348«
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz,
162-63, 168
Polish politics and, 102, 327«-28«
press and, 139^i0
repatriating Poles and, 287
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 130-35, 139-40, 142,
144-46, 151-54, 253
Ukrainian politics and, 101-2,
119, 135,274, 284-85,
292-93, 327«, 329«, 335«,
368«
Cossacks, 64, 71
and occupation of Buczacz, 45,
60
retreat of, 52-53
uprising of, 9—11
World War I and, 42, 44-48,
50-53,55, 60,313«
Craftsmens Union (Yad
Charutzim), 96
Cymand, David, 86
Cyzys, 136
Czarnokonce Wielkie, 149
Czechoslovakia, 123, 193, 237
Czechowicz, Eugenia, 283—84
Czortkow, 70, 142, 150, 160,
216, 233-34, 247, 282,
339«, 342«-43«, 350«-52«,
355«-57«
arrests in, 188—89
deportations and, 186—89
ghetto in, 198-99
investigating Nazi crimes in,
276
Kripo building in, 187
repatriating Poles and, 287—88
374
Index
Sipo in, 164,184; 187, 188, 189,
190, 191-94,192, 193, 196-97,
199, 206,214, 350«-51«
and violence against Jews,
182-200, 206—10, 228-29,
276, 352«, 357«, 366«
and violence against Poles, 359«,
364«
World War I and, 43, 59
Dalairac, François-Paulin, 12-13
Danilow, Teodor, 145
Dankovych, Andriy, 160, 169, 349«
Davies, Rhys, 103-4
Deutscher, Isaac, 319«
Dnieper River, x, xiv, 112
Dniester River, x, xi, xiii—xiv, 2, 160
Dniestrzanski, District
Administrator, 65
Dobrecka, Hala , 257
Dobrecka, Roza, 257—58
Dobrecki, Olek, 257
Dobrecki, Seweryn, 257
Dontsov, Dmytro, 125—26
Dressen, Willi, 230
Drohobycz, 23
Dubanowicz, Edward, 33—34, 311«
Dubnow, Simon, 316«
Duda, Ihor, 291-92, 297
Dunajer, Natan (Nadje), 152—53,
177-78, 238, 255-56, 255,
327«, 348«
Duzio R., 233—34
Dzuryn, 57
Ebenstein, Jakob, 174—75, 175,
347«
Edek, 254-55
Edward VII, king of England, 32
Eger, Wilhelm, 205-10, 206
Eichmann, Adolf, 228
Eisel, Werner, 351«
Eisen, Jakob, 260
Eisen, Samuel, 259—60
Eisenberg, 41
Emma, 217-19
Endecja party (National
Democracy), 115—16
Engelberg (student), 135
Engelberg, Ludwik (Leyzer), 87,
182, 345«
Engels, Friedrich, 140, 141
Erdstein, Julian, 91—92
Family and Town (Halpern), 82,
349«
fascists, fascism, 100, 125, 292,
297-98, 316«
Fedor Hill, 218, 220, 242, 254,
366«
memorials on, 162, 163, 292-93,
295, 295, 342«
murders of Jews on, 162, 166,
179-82, 194, 202-3, 222,
223, 225, 229, 233, 271, 277,
279-80, 294
murders of Soviets on, 232
World War I and, 44-45, 48
Fedorowicz, Adam, 120
Feldman, Fania, 251—52
Fenerstoin, Leopold, 144—45
Fernhof, Israel, 98
Fernhof, Yitzhak, 25
First Buczacz Benevolent
Association, 28—29
First Zionist Congress, 25
375
Index
Fisher, Gizela, 359«
Flondro, Jözef, 132, 146
Folkenfok, Leo, 195, 195
Folkenfok, Mrs. Leo, 195
Franz Josef I, emperor of Austria,
and king of Hungary, 19, 41,
54
French Revolution, 17
Frenkel, Malka, 89
Friedländer, 218
Friedlender, Dawid (Ducio),
152-53, 255-56, 255, 327«,
348«
Friedlender, Yehoshua (Ozio), 153,
346«
Fuchs, Dr., 349«
Galecki, Kazimierz, 75—76
Galicians, Galicia, x, 16, 38—39,
75-81, 159, 186, 189,217,
312«, 350«, 365«
abolition of serfdom in, 19, 22
anti-Semitism in, 20, 24, 34
Austrian rule in, 65
changing historical borders of,
xi
deportations and, 273-74
economy of, 76, 95, 104
education in, 17—18, 25—27, 30,
104-5, 322«
emancipation of Jews in, 19—20,
22
end of Ukrainian rule in, 70
Germanization of, 16
Habsburg annexation of, 15
interethnic tensions and violence
in, 77-81, 79 80, 103-4,
123, 126-28, 267-69, 363«
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 84—87
Jewish landownership and,
22-24, 46, 309«
Jewish socioeconomic status in,
28
and maintenance of law and
order in Buczacz, 72
Nazi invasions and occupations
of, 156-57, 164
opportunities and choices for
citizens of, 36
peasants’ perceptions of Jews in,
21
Polish takeover and rule in, 76,
102-7, 111-15, 117, 156
politics and elections in, 33-34,
88, 110, 115-16
population of, 15—16, 22
poverty in, 34—35
privileges of Jews in, 17
and relations between Russia and
Ukraine, 77
Russian invasion and occupation
of, 38, 42
and Soviet invasions and
occupations of Poland, 272
struggle between Poles and
Ukrainians over, 64—65,
69-71,74-79,81, 103, 109,
268-70, 274
Ukrainian acts of sabotage in,
105
and Ukrainian cultural and
educational societies, 110
Ukrainian takeover of, 69
violence against Jews in, 164,
315«, 357«
376
Index
and war between Soviets and
Poles, 73
World War I and, 38, 42, 46, 54,
56, 58, 62—64, 75-76,315«
Gelbart, Isidor, 167-68, 170, 175,
343«-45«
Fedor Hill massacre and, 180—81
General Government, map of,
183
Germans, German Empire, x,
10-11, 16
anti-Semitism of, 57
and Ukrainian cultural and
educational societies, 108
World War I and, 24, 38, 40, 54,
56-57, 62, 108,314«
Germans, Nazi Germany, xi,
178, 201, 333«, 341 «-56«,
361«—63«
anti—Semitism and, 186, 231
arrests by, 162, 166—67, 169,
171, 173-77, 188-89, 192,
202-3, 206-7,210,218,
221-27, 234, 239-42,
244-45, 280, 283, 342«,
347«, 349«
Buczacz aerial photo of, 275
Buczacz invaded and occupied
by, 87, 90, 93, 158, 159-230,
175’ 214, 219, 223, 226,
227, 233-54, 256-61, 265,
267-68, 271-74, 277-80,
278, 283, 290, 292, 294-97,
327«—28«, 338«, 341«—49«,
351 «-53«, 355«-56«, 358«,
363«, 365«—66«, 368«
Buczacz withdrawals of, 210,
218, 275,284
and civil war between Poles and
Ukrainians, 269, 272—73
deportations by, 156, 170,
170, 172, 186-89, 210,
225, 228-29, 234, 242-43,
274, 284, 296, 341 «-42«,
346n~~47n
expansionism of, 121, 123, 126
General Government of, 183
investigating crimes of, 186,
230-31, 231, 275-77, 276,
284, 349«, 353«
Jewish collaboration with,
169-79, 182-89, 191, 194,
198, 201-3, 205-6, 213, 216,
228, 235, 253-54, 345«-48«
and liberation of Buczacz, 241
Poland invaded and occupied
by, 126, 130, 139, 147-51,
153-57, 234, 341«
Prosvita and, 106, 160
as refugees, 282
relations between Poles and, 123,
127-28
and relations between Poles and
Ukrainians, 123—26
relations between Soviets and,
124, 130, 139
relations between Ukrainians
and, 123-24, 126-27, 152,
267
and rescues of babies, 237
resistance and, 178—79, 238,
253-56, 260, 266, 282, 327«,
346«
romances and sexual liaisons of,
210
Soviet border with, 112-13
377
Index
Germans, Nazi Germany (cont.)
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 130, 139, 144, 150
Soviet sketch of killing sites of,
276
struggle between Soviets and,
158,267-68
and violence against Jews, 92,
96-97, 164-68, 170,
172-73, 175, 177-215,
217-31,233-36, 238-41,
244-46, 248-50, 254,
256-57, 259-62, 265,
267-68,271,276-81,
290-91, 294-95, 298, 345«,
347«, 349«, 351 «-56«
and violence against Soviets, 232
and violence against Ukrainians,
276
withdrawals from Buczacz of,
210,218, 275, 284
Germany, East, 186
Germany, German language, xiii,
2, 33
early history of, 17-18, 23
spoken by Jews, 19, 30, 308«
Germany, West, 186, 213, 230-31,
231, 353«
Gertner, Lucy, 358«
Ginsburg, 195
Goldberg, 131-32, 138
GPU (Soviet State Police), 154,
340«
Grabowce, 281
Great Britain, 32, 91, 156, 172
Balfour Declaration and, 83
and conditions in Galicia, 76,
103, 117
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 83, 86
Great Depression, 95-96, 98
Great Synagogue, 14, 60, 96, 114,
117, 168,294-95
Greek Catholics, 75, 114—15, 117,
136-37, 163, 305«-6«, 309«
and atrocities in Galicia, 78
education and, 14, 26, 39, 136
elections and, 311«
Jewish intermarriages and, 23
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 169
Polish Constitution Day and,
120
and population of Buczacz, 308«,
311«, 330«
and population of Tarnopol,
330«
Prosvita and, 106, 107
and relations between Poles and
Ukrainians, 120—21, 270
relations between Roman and,
118-20, 139
Griffel, Aliza, 241-42, 359«
Griffel, Dvorah (Diamant), 242,
259«
Grocholl, Bruno, 205, 206
Gromnicki, Stanislaw, 26
Gross, Gershon (George), 152
Gross, Hersz, 177
Habsburg Empire, x, 316«
Galicia annexed by, 15
nationalities of, 16
Ruthenian nationalism and, 19
Halkiewicz, Wladyslaw, 135—36,
280
378
Index
Halpern, Mordechai, 82, 151—52,
167, 171-72, 176, 347«, 349«
Halpern, Sarah, 82
Hamburg, 200, 226
Hamerskyi, Volodymyr, 168, 211,
216, 222, 356«
Hanover, Nathan, 9-10
Hapoel (the Worker), 99
Hashomer Hatza’ir (the Young
Guard), 84, 326«
Haskalah, 17, 25, 30
Hausner, Giza, 234
Hebrew, xiii, 23, 41, 151, 295,
326«, 330«
and education in Buczacz, 25
and education in Galicia, 17
Hecht, Izidor (Viktor Gekht), 130,
151,242-45, 360«
Heinrich, Richard, 199—200
Heiss, Jacob, 249—50, 250
Held, Rachel, 358«
Helene, 202
Heller, Hersh and Cyla, 359«
Heller, Zvi, 83—84, 101
Hersas, Berko, 346«
Herzig, Berta, 224—26, 227
Herzig, Ewald, 158, 224-26, 224
Herzog, Anne, 245—46
hideouts, survivors sketches of, 264
Hildemann, Karl, 192—93, 350«,
352«
Hirschhorn, Jancie, 177
Hirschhorn, Rosa, 244—45
Hitler, Adolf, 123-24, 156, 219,
297, 332«, 346«
expansionism of, 126
and interethnic violence in
Galicia, 126-27
and relations with Ukrainians,
123, 126
seizure of power by, 185, 191
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 130, 137-39, 154
and violence against Jews, 96—97,
173, 236, 294
Hnatiuk, Volodymyr, 292
Hnatyshyn, 106
Hnilcze, 272
Hoffer, Walter, 202, 355n, 366«
Holocaust, 156, 253, 294, 296,
316«, 342«
Hoiowczy rice, 260—61, 362«
Homberg, Naftali Herz, 17
Horak, Johann, 202
Horowitz, Bina and Gisela, 189
House of Commons, British, 103
Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, 312«
Hryri, 246
Hrynkiv, Mikhailo, 162
Hungarians, Hungary, xi, 16, 123,
160
deportations and, 341«
World War I and, 40, 44, 46
Huzar, Mykhailo, 165, 180
Independent Buczaczer
Congregation and Benevolent
Association of the City of New
York, 29
Israel, 8, 83-85, 87, 135, 236, 245,
253, 294-95, 359«
Israelite Free School, 17—18
Ivantsiv, Mykola “Rosa,” 297
Jäger, 194
Jagielnica, 189, 353«
379
Index
Jakubowski, Mrs., 229
Jan III Sobieski, king of Poland, 12
Janda, Witold, 130, 138-39,
147-48
Janicka, Jadwiga, 131—32
Jaztowiec, 58, 68, 121, 165, 318«,
329«
Jerusalem, 228
Jewish Agricultural and Industrial
Aid Society, 312«
Jewish Aditi—Fascist Committee,
316«
Jewish Baron Hirsch School, 25
Jewish Colonization Association
(Ika), 312«
Jewish National Fund (Keren
Kayemet LeYisrael, KKL), 85,
98
Jewish Organization, 3
Jews, Judaism:
accused of parasitism, 179
as areligious, 23
arrests of, 151, 169, 171,
173-77, 188-89, 192, 202-3,
206-7,210,218, 221-27,
234, 239-42, 245-49, 257,
277, 280, 283, 338«, 341«,
347«, 349«, 355«
Balfour Declaration and, 83
in collaborating with Nazis,
169-79, 182-89, 191, 194,
198, 201-3, 205-6,213,
216, 228, 235, 253-54,
345«-48«
confiscation of clothing of, 215
court (Hofjuden), 23, 309«
daily life in Buczacz of, 232—56
demoralization of, 87, 99—100
deportations of, 3,16, 55,70,
147-^48, 150-52,154,156-57,
170,170, 172,176-77,186-89,
225, 228-29,234,242-43,
339«, 341«, 346«—47«
and early history of Poland,
8-10
education and, 14, 17-18, 23,
26-32, 39-40, 67-68, 84,
88-93, 97, 98-100, 134-37,
139, 148, 152, 237, 240,
312«, 322«, 325«-26«, 331«,
333«
elections and, 6, 33-34, 115-16,
144, 146,311«, 325«
employment difficulties of, 90,
117, 136
extorting of, 169, 171
and fires in Buczacz, 47^19
and founding of Buczacz, 8
Germanization of, 16
German spoken by, 19, 30,
308«
ghettoization of, 26, 51, 173,
198-99, 203, 213, 229-30,
233, 238, 243, 246, 248-49,
256—58, 276, 281, 351 «-52«
Hasidic, 18, 171
immigration to Palestine of, 2, 3,
4, 5, 83-87, 89, 99-100, 122,
156, 174, 312«, 324«, 326«,
358«
immigration to Soviet Union of,
174, 326«, 340«—41«
immigration to U.S. of, 28—29,
33, 100, 157, 358«
investigating Nazi crimes against,
230-31
380
Index
landownership of, 22—24, 39—40,
46-47, 151, 153,213,216,
217, 258, 309«
liberation of, 249, 259, 362»
and liberation of Buczacz,
240-41, 245-47
and maintenance of law and
order in Buczacz, 72—73
military service of, 17
as murderers of Christ, 21, 100
nationalism of, 33—34, 84—85,
87, 97, 154
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 90,
162, 164-230, 233-50,
254, 256-57, 265, 267-68,
271, 278-80, 283, 294-95,
344»-48»
and Nazi occupation of Poland,
147, 150, 153, 156-57
and Nazi takeover of Galicia,
156-57
omnipresence of, 21
orphanage of, 88—89
Orthodox, 17, 96, 167, 332«
and Ottoman siege and
destruction of Buczacz, 11—13
passivity of, 179, 198-99, 294
patriotism of, 41, 54
peasants and, 21, 23-24, 34
physical appearance of, 42, 90,
94, 95, 139, 148,238,241,
249, 251,258, 358«
and Polish capture and rule in
Buczacz, 70-71, 119-20
Polish Constitution Day and, 117
Polish spoken by, 2, 19, 238,
308«—9«
and Polish—Ukrainian struggle
over Galicia, 75—76, 78—79,
81, 103
politics of, 30—34, 40, 88, 96,
99, 101-2, 115, 119, 130,
133-35, 150, 152-53, 156,
238, 311», 316«, 325«-29«,
331«, 333«, 335», 348«
and population of Buczacz, 14,
115-16, 271,308«, 330«
and population of Poland, 9—10
press on, 20—23
reformed, 18
as refugees, 42, 55, 61, 341«
and rescues of babies, 236—38
rescue vs. abuse of, 246—47
resistance of, 173—74, 176,
178-79, 238, 253-56, 260,
282, 327», 346«, 348», 360»
return to Buczacz of, 82—83
rights and privileges of, 8—9, 13,
17-20, 140-41, 153
saved by Poles, 281—84, 364»
as slave laborers, 162, 167, 171,
176, 189, 193, 199,214,216,
227, 250, 257, 353«, 362»
socioeconomic status of, 16^17,
20, 22, 28-31, 34, 42, 47, 50,
52, 56, 65, 84, 88, 95-96,
98, 101, 135-36, 138, 148,
150-51, 169, 171-72, 175,
179, 216, 252, 254, 261, 346»
and Soviet invasions and
occupations of Poland,
130-36, 138, 140-41, 144,
146-^8, 150-57, 160, 242,
250, 259-60, 262, 280,
340»—41«, 362»
381
Index
Jews* Judaism (cont.)
and Soviet withdrawals from
Buczacz, 365«
starvation and diseases of, 241,
243, 249, 251,258, 261-62
study houses of, 13, 14, 293,
295, 296
synagogues of, 11, 13, 14, 59—60,
96, 114, 117, 168, 203,
293- 95, 305«-6«
tax obligations of, 16—17
as tolerated and foreign, 18
and Ukrainian takeover of
Buczacz, 66—70
violence against, 3, 5, 9—10,
12, 24, 26, 47-48, 50-51,
55-57, 59-61, 69-71, 74,
78, 82, 92, 96-97, 133,
152, 156, 159-62, 164-215,
211, 217-62, 223, 265-68,
271,273, 276—81, 290-91,
294- 98, 315«—16«, 319«,
332«-33«, 341 «-42«, 345«,
347«—49«, 351 «-59«, 362«,
366«, 368«
World War I and, 22, 24, 40-42,
45, 47-57, 59-62, 60, 65, 85,
88-89, 95-96, 98, 315«
World War II and, 98, 100, 172,
174, 176, 316«
see also anti-Semitism
Jezierzany, 353n, 362n
Jordan, Gerhard von, 345«
Joseph and His Brothers, 82
Judenrat, 26, 169-77, 179, 191,
205, 252-54, 257-58,
345«-46«, 364«
and arrests of Jews, 176—77, 202
bribery and, 169, 171-72, 174,
182, 254, 258
Lissberg and, 213, 216
violence against, 353«
and violence against Jews, 173,
175, 182, 186-89, 198, 201,
221,228, 235
jüdische Wecker, Der (The Jewish
Awakener), 30
Jurman, Alicja, 250—51
Kafchuk family, 248-49
Kallmeyer, Fritz, 193
Kamieniec Podolski, 113, 170, 341«
Kardasz, Iwana, 210, 211
Karl, Anita, Mali, and Samuel, 238-39
Katzmann, Friedrich, 350«
Kazakhstan, 147, 149, 341«
Kazan, 53
Kazanovich, Romaniia, 359«
Kazimirowna, Helena Piotrowska,
148-49
Kaznovskyi, Antin, 342«
Kaznovskyi, Volodymyr, 163-65,
165, 167,248, 256, 342«, 349«
and violence against Jews, 179-81
Kerensky, Alexander, 62
KGB, 159
Khrushchev, Nikita, 284—85
Khvostenko, Maria, 278-79
Kieronski, Leon, 27—28
Kießling, Willy, 202-3, 218-19
Kiev, x, xiii—xiv, 139, 286
Kit, Vasyl, 349«
Kitaj, Emil, 189
Klajnfisz, 148
Klanfer, Erna, 347«—48«
Klara, 217-19, 233-34
382
Index
Kleiner, Benio, 237—38
Kleiner, Gisela, 211, 237-38, 358«
Kleiner, Markus, 181
Kleiner, Shoshana, 358«
Klonicki, Adam, 234—36
Klonicki, Aryeh (Leon Klonymus),
234-36
Klonicki, Malwina, 234—36
Knaack, Heinrich, 210—13, 355«
Kocik, Izabela, 366«
Kofler, Oskar, 22—25
ethnic conflicts and, 35
imprisonment of, 24
Jewish landownership and, 22—23
on relations between Jews and
peasants, 23—24
and Russian occupation of
Buczacz, 46
World War I and, 24, 40-41, 46,
49, 53
Kofler, Salomon, 23—24, 41
Kollner, Kurt, 188, 350n
arrests by, 188—89
bribes hoarded by, 182, 189
court judgment against, 190—91,
196
deportations and, 186—89
physical appearance of, 224
and violence against Jews,
185-91, 351«, 353«
wife of, 186, 189, 190
Kolomyja, 345«
Koltsio, Volodymyr, 108
Kompanets, Ivan, 284—85, 287
Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej
Ukrainy (KPZU, Communist
Party of Western Ukraine),
101-2, 119, 135,329«
Kopyczyiice, 207—8, 276
Kornblüh, Jozef, 181,258—59,
349«
Korngut, Adolf, 136, 364«
Koropiec, 146, 162, 270, 272
Korosciatyn, 269—71, 363«—64«
Kosmierzyn, 2
Kowalski (dogcatcher), 250
Kowalski, Stanislaw, 12, 91—93
Kowalski, Stefan, 337«
Kozak, Ivan and Paulina, 242
Kozarska—Dworska, Jadwiga,
136-38
Kozminska—Frejlak, Ewa, 24
Krakauer Zeitung, 183
Krakow, xi, 54, 89, 260, 350«
Kramarchuk, Tadei, 106, 160, 163,
341«
Kramer, Baruch, 87, 170—73, 201,
216,345«-46«
Kramer, Bernard, 349«
kresy, 6, 112—15
Kriegei, Hella (Helga Bauer),
358«
Kriegel, Menachem, 358«
Kriegel, Sofia, 211, 358«
Kripo building, 187
Kristallnacht, 186
Kropotkin, Peter, 32
Krüger, Friedrich—Wilhelm, 350«
Kubasiewicz, Stanislaw, 271
Kujath, Hans, 342«, 366«
Landau, Munio (Menachem),
347«
League of Nations, 77—78
Lefin, Mendel, 17
Lehkyi, Vasyl, 338«
383
Index
Lemberg (Lwow), University of, 35,
105, 311«, 322«
Lenin, Vladimir, 63, 140, 141,
142-43, 291
Leszczarice, 110
Lev, Aba, 59—61, 316«
Lipka, Frydzia, 233
Lissberg, Henriette, 215—24, 219,
223, 224, 226, 355«-56«
Lissberg, Klaus, 222, 223
Lissberg, Richard, 158, 213—21,
217, 355«-56«
apartment of, 220—21, 220, 221
and arrests of Jews, 355«
Jewish house cleaners of, 217—19
Jewish slave labor and, 214, 216
physical appearance of, 214, 223
villa of, 223
and violence against Jews,
213-15,355«
Lissberg, Udo, 217—18
Lithuania, 8, 10, 197, 353«
Littschwager, Gerhard, 342«—43«
Lodz, 114, 172
Losiacz, 281
Lublin agreement, 273, 287
Luchkiv, Viktor, 66—68, 70
Ludwigsburg, 230
Luh, 110, 111, 122
Lutsiv, Volodymyr “Orel,” 160—61,
297, 338«
Lwow (Lviv, Lemberg), xi, 3, 4, 67,
71,93, 103, 123-24, 127,
135, 186-87, 189, 197, 199,
218, 228, 236, 238,293,
312«, 339«, 340«, 350«,
355«
deportations and, 341«
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 85—87
and maintenance of law and
order in Buczacz, 72—73
and Nazi occupation of Poland,
148
and Polish—Ukrainian struggle
over Galicia, 75—76
Mackow, Justyna, 270
Majer, Lieutenant, 47
Makabi (Maccabi), 99
Mahkowski, Piotr, 113—14
Marx, Karl, 140, 141, 143
maskil, 17—19
Maslachenko, Comrade, 142—43
Medwedowce, 120, 252
Medynski, Captain, 49
Medynski, Stefan, 146
Meerengel, Emanuel, 96, 346«
Mehmed IV, sultan of the Ottoman
Empire, 11—12
Melnyk, Vasyl, 107—8
Menatseach, Naftali (Naftale Hertz
Siegman), 25
Michaf Wisniowiecki, king of
Poland, 11
Miller, Hindzia (Hilda Weitz), 347«
Mizrahi party, 96, 99
Mogielnica, 23
Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, 130, 156
Moltke, Count Hans—Adolf von,
123-24, 333«
Monasterzyska, 43, 47—48, 146,
201,313«, 319«, 337«
deportations and, 228—29
and violence against Jews, 229
Moscow, x, xi, xiii, 155—56, 327«
384
Index
Mroczkowska, Josephine, 80
Mroczkowski, Waclaw, 132, 145
Müller, Heinrich, 156—57
Müller, Hermann, 181—82
Lissberg’s relationship with, 215,
220-21
and violence against Jews, 221
Muscovy, Muscovites, 10, 40, 43,
49-50, 52, 57, 126-27
Muzyka, Hanna, 297
Myszkowce, 246
Nacht, Fabius, 30—31, 32An
Nacht, Max, 30, 32—33
Nacht, Siegfried, 30—33, 32
Nachtigal, Ester, 262
Nagorzanka, 44, 108, 138—39, 160,
162, 166, 180, 189, 353«, 361«
Nahajowski, 235—36
Narodovtsi, 19
Narutowicz, Gabriel, 115
National Minorities Bloc, 115
National Socialists, National
Socialism, 126, 190—91, 196,
213, 354«
Native School Society (Ridna
Shkola), 118
Neufeld, Jacob, 238
New York, 88, 172, 326«
and demoralization of Jews, 99
Jewish immigration to, 28—29,
100, 157
Nezhynskyi, Anton, 162
Nikolai II, tsar of Russia, 62
Nikolai Romanov, grand duke of
Russia, 51
NKVD (Soviet secret police), 293,
297,338«-40«
deportations and, 147—48,
285-86
education and, 149—50
elections and, 145—46
and Soviet invasions and
occupations of Poland, 131—33,
139, 145^16, 149-50, 156,
271-72, 285-86, 340«
Ukrainian insurgency and, 269,
271, 285-86
and violence against Ukrainians,
298, 328«, 338«—39«
Non—Party Jewish Economic Bloc,
96
Nowostawce, 120
Okhrana, 55—56
Ordnungsdienst (OD, Jewish
police), 169-71, 175-79,
346«—48«, 355«
resistance and, 253, 255, 348«
violence against, 178, 230
and violence against Jews, 175—77,
183-84, 194, 198, 203, 235
Orhanizatsiya Ukrainskykh
Natsionalistiv (OUN,
Organization of Ukrainian
Nationalists), 103, 108—11,
112, 122, 125, 125, 155, 163,
266, 269, 272-73, 285-87,
297, 333«, 338«-39«
moderate faction of (OUN—M),
348«—49«
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz,
160-62, 168
radical wing of (OUN—B), 267,
268, 349«
385
Index
Ostapowicz, Teofil, 28, 92
Ottomans, Ottoman Empire, x, 129
Buczacz besieged and destroyed
by, 11-13
Polish treaty with, 11
OUN-UPA, 265, 268, 269, 287,
292-93, 297, 368«
Pahl, Peter, 201
and arrests of Jews, 202—3
Herzig on, 225
Jews allegedly hidden by, 202-3,
205
Lissbergs relationship with, 215
trial of, 200-205
and violence against Jews, 202—5,
210, 218-19, 225, 229, 347«
Pal, Richard, 178, 194-95, 350«
and violence against Jews,
177-78, 352«, 354«, 356«
Palek, Izaak, 90, 325«
Pale of Settlement, 73-74
Palestine, 152, 260, 346«
Arab uprising in, 86
British Mandate in, 135 disease
in, 85
Jewish immigration to, 2, 3, 4, 5,
83-87, 89, 99-100, 122, 156,
174, 312«, 324«, 326«, 358«
Papusch, 194
Pasichnyk, Petro, 149-50, 290-91
Passover, 23, 85—86
Pavlov, General, 313«
Pavlyshyn, Tetiana, 296
Pawtowski, Stanislaw, 132
Peckmann, Heinrich, 184, 191-93,
192, 198, 351«, 355«-56«
Pelatiuk, Sofia, 166-67
Pelatiuk, Vasyl, 166-67, 166
Pelc, Edward, 93, 138-39
Pennell, Joseph, 20
Pepi, 195
Perl, Joseph, 17—18
Petlikowce, 22-23, 40—41, 46, 49
Petlikowce Nowe, 253
Petlikowce Stare, 309«
Petrograd, 63
Petrykevych, Bohdan, 150, 159
Petrykevych, Viktor, 108-9, 109,
130, 150, 158-59,216, 267,
341«
and civil war between Poles and
Ukrainians, 269-71, 273-74
and destruction in Buczacz,
265-66
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 277—78
and violence against Jews, 277
Pilawa, 252
Pilotkowice, 281
Pilsudski, Jozef, 41, 93, 121, 325«
elections and, 115—16
Piotrowska—Dubik, Barbara, 148-49
Plachta, Jan, 117
Podolia, 2, 7, 11, 113
Podzameczek, 146, 252
pogroms, 61, 71, 78, 186, 229, 249,
276,319«
Pohorille, Mrs., 89
Pohoryles, Rosa, 157
Poles, Polish, Poland, x, xi, 234—36,
350«, 354«, 358«-68«
anti-Semitism and, 21, 24, 65,
68, 71, 94, 100-101, 121-22,
127, 131, 133-34, 152, 154,
156, 333«
386
Index
arrests and, 131—32, 135,
138-39, 147, 149-51, 173,
273, 280, 283, 338*
Bartovs mothers childhood in, 2
and Buczacz as bastion of, 39
Buczacz captured and ruled by,
70-73, 119-20
Buczaczs spelling in, xiii
civil war between Ukrainians
and, 268-74, 268, 297-98
demographic concerns of,
114- 16
deportations and, 133, 138,
147-49, 153-55, 243, 273-74,
280, 339*, 367*—68*
early history of, 6—13, 15, 19, 40
economy of, 98—99, 137
education and, 26—28, 30, 35,
90-92, 98, 104-5, 117-18,
132, 135-39, 141—44, 147-48,
322*, 326*, 331*, 333*
elections and, 33—34, 110,
115- 16, 144-46
employment discrimination and,
104, 117-18, 136
end of parliamentary democracy
in, 116, 121
end of Ukrainian rule in, 70, 72
expansion of, 8—9
Galicia taken over and ruled by,
76, 102-7, 111-15, 117, 156
interethnic strife and violence in,
35-36, 78-81, 79, 80, 103,
116, 121, 124-25, 127
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 84
Jewish landownership and,
22-24, 39
Jewish population of, 9—10
Jews saved by, 281—84, 364*
and liberation of Buczacz, 179,
241,246
and maintenance of law and
order in Buczacz, 72—73
martyrdom claims of, 289—90
and memory of kresy, 6, 112—15
nationalism of, 26—27, 34—35,
40, 64, 68, 75, 79, 84, 91-93,
94, 101, 120, 155-56
Nazi invasions and occupations
of, 126, 130, 139, 147-51,
153-57, 234, 341*
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 162,
167, 181-82, 201, 210,
218, 235, 239-40, 242-43,
249-51, 257-58, 260-61,
279-80, 290, 363*, 365*
and Ottoman siege and
destruction of Buczacz, 13
partition of, 40, 64
patriotism of, 40, 66, 93, 113—14,
138
politics and, 30, 32, 101—2,
114-15, 119, 121, 123,
140-41, 327*—28*, 331*
and population of Buczacz, 271,
330*, 367*—68*
and population of Tarnopol,
330*, 367*
relations between Jews and,
41-42, 54-55, 65, 96^98,
100-101, 112, 119, 121-22,
133-37, 151-53, 155-56,
240-43, 246, 249-54, 257-61,
279, 294, 332*, 361*
387
Index
Poles, Polish, Poland (cont.)
relations between Nazis and, 123,
127-28
relations between Roman and
Greek Catholics in, 118—20
relations between Ruthenians
and, 23, 118-21
relations between Ukrainians
and, 68-73, 75, 77-79,
101-3, 110-15, 117, 119-28,
132-34, 136-39, 149-50,
153, 155, 266-67, 269-70,
272, 279-80, 288, 290,
317«—18«, 333«—34«
relations between Zionists and,
84
repatriation of, 287—88, 368«
and rescues of babies, 236, 238
resistance and, 254—55, 256,
348«
romances and sexual liaisons of,
210
Ruthenian nationalism and, 19—21
and socioeconomic status of Jews,
42
Soviet invasions and occupations
of, 73, 88, 130-57, 160,
230, 234, 240, 242, 244,
250, 253-54, 259-60, 262,
271-73, 275, 277-78, 280,
284-88, 290-94, 297,
336«—38«, 340«-42«,
361«—63«, 366«, 368«
spoken by Jews, 2, 19, 238,
308«—9«
in struggle with Ukrainians over
Galicia, 64—65, 69-71, 74-79,
81, 103, 105, 109, 268-70, 274
and Ukrainian cultural and
educational societies, 105—7
Ukrainian insurgency and,
124-25, 290, 297-98
Ukrainian militance and, 122—23
and Ukrainian takeover of
Buczacz, 65—71
violence against, 78—81, 79, 80,
103, 167, 181, 266-72, 281,
283-85, 287, 297, 359«,
363«—64«
and violence against Jews, 9—10,
97, 133, 156, 182, 194, 246,
250-51, 279-81, 290, 319«,
348«, 358«, 366«
and violence against Ukrainians,
270, 272-73, 290
World War I and, 24, 38,
40-43, 45—46, 49-51,
53-55, 64, 92
World War II and, 99, 119, 132,
138, 148
Polish Constitution Day, 117, 120
Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth,
x, 8, 10
Polowce, 247^48
Porchowa, 120, 282
Potocki, Count Artur, 96
Potocki, Count Emil, 2, 26
Potocki, Jan, 9, 11—12, 15
Potocki, Mikola), 14—15,
305«—6«
Potocki, Stefan, 9, 12—14
Potocki family crypt, 254
Potok Zloty, 2, 58
Pozniak, Tadeusz, 90
Prague, 101, 236—37
Prosvita House, 349«
388
Index
Prosvita (Enlightenment) society, 20,
103—11,106, 121-22, 297, 328n
Nazis and, 106, 160
World War II and, 106-7
Przewloka, 160
Puzniki, 272, 364n
Pyszkowcy, 146
Rabinowicz, Ignacy, 354#
Rabinowicz, Jozef, 352n, 354#—55#
Rabinowicz, Julia, 215, 355#
Rachelson, Dov, 352#
Ratajski, Witold, 211
Rawa—Ruska, 225
Red Cross, 46
Reich, Mendel, 87, 99—100,
171-73,216, 221,253
Reich, Mrs., 222—24
Reinisch, Aliza (Nir), 151, 246
Reinstein, 218
Relief Association for the Destitute
Jewish Population of Eastern
Galicia, 34
“Report on Ukrainian Cruelties
Committed on the Polish
Population of Eastern Galicia,”
79, 79, 80
Resurrection Day, 12
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 123, 130,
156
Ringelblum, Emanuel, 26, 292
Ritter, Karl, 228—29
Ritter, Sophie, 229
Rohatyn, 294
Roll, Chaja, 98
Roman Catholics, 11, 35, 68, 114,
134, 136-37, 238, 305#-6#,
325#
education and, 14, 26, 39, 91,
136
in Galicia, 309#
Jewish intermarriages and, 23
and Nazi invasions and
occupations ofBuczacz, 169,
279
Polish Constitution Day and,
117
and Polish rule in Buczacz, 119
and population ofBuczacz, 308#,
330#
and population of Tarnopol,
330#
relations between Greek and,
118-20, 139
and relations between Poles and
Ukrainians, 269—70
World War I and, 43, 48
Romanians, Romania, x, xi, 4, 16,
178
Rosen, Francia, 233
Rosen, Henryk, 254, 361#
Rosen, Leon, 232—33, 358#
Rosen, Shmuel, 168, 171—72,
174, 175, 254, 346#,
353#-54#
Rosen, Yehiel, 254
Rosenbach, Lumcio, 294
Rosenman, David, 357#—58#
Rosenman, Zosia, 233
Rosenow, Artur, 192, 194, 352#
Rosental, Samuel, 169, 176, 182,
352#—53#
Rosner, Mina, 151
Rothmann, 177
Russian Federation, 298
Russian Revolution, 316#
389
Index
Russians, Russian Empire, x, xiii—xiv,
2, 10-11, 16
anti-Semitism of, 47, 51
Buczacz occupied and ruled by,
44-56, 58-61, 61, 313«,
315«
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 85
monastery of, 11
relations between Ukrainians
and, 76—77
retreats of, 52—54, 62, 63
and violence against Jews, 47, 50,
55, 59-61
World War I and, 38, 40, 42,
44-63, 58, 60* 61, 62, 63, 76,
313«, 315«—16«
Russkaya Rada, 22
Ruthenians, Ruthenia, 7, 68, 117,
122-23, 309«
anti-Semitism and, 20—23
education and, 26—28, 35, 118,
123, 322«, 331«
elections and, 34, 115, 311«
ethnic conflicts and, 35, 76-77
in Galicia, 16, 35, 76, 79
Jewish landownership and,
22-23, 39
Jewish politics and, 333«
nationalism of, 19—22, 27, 34—35
and Polish capture and rule in
Buczacz, 70—71
and population of Buczacz, 330«
and population of Tarnopol,
330«
poverty and illiteracy of, 35
relations between Poles and, 23,
118-21
and relations between Roman
and Greek Catholics, 120
and relations between Russians
and Ukrainians, 76—77
socialism and, 32
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 132
Ukrainian militance and, 123
World War I and, 40-42, 45, 64,
76
World War II and, 119
Rutyna, Ludwik, 133—35, 134,
269-70, 280
Rux, 194-95, 352«
Rybachuk, K. M., 274-75
St. Nicholas Greek Catholic
Church, 117
St. Petersburg, 59, 316«
Schechter, Barbara, 358«
Schinagl, Matthias, 227—28
Schmetterling, Leon, 361«
Schorr, 189
Schulenburg, Friedrich-
Werner Graf von der, 157,
340«—41«
Seelos, Gebhard, 127—28, 334«
Segal, 131, 135-36
Seifer, Bernhard, 26, 171—74, 257,
345«—46«, 364«
and bribes and extortion,
171-72, 254
Eger s relationship with, 205-6
Pähls relationship with, 201—2
Shapira, Jacob, 100—101
Shenko, 256
Sheptytsky, Andrey, 75
Shevchenko, Taras, 127
390
Index
Shevchenko Scientific Society, 312n
Sholem Aleichem, 140
Shukhevych, Fedir, 162
Shyshman, Ibrahim (the Fat), 12
Siberia, 91, 366«
deportations and, 147, 150—33,
280, 285, 287
Sich, 297, 349«
in Buczacz, 160, 162
Siewinski, Antoni, 39
anti-Semitism of, 39—42,
44-45,47,51,54, 67-68,
70-71
and Bolshevik rule in Buczacz,
74
education and, 39-40, 44, 48,
52, 56-57, 64, 67-68, 71, 74,
325«
and ghettoization of Jews, 51
imprisonment of, 68
nationalism of, 39—40, 68
and Polish capture and rule in
Buczacz, 70—71
and Russian invasions and
occupations of Buczacz,
44-48, 50-52
and Ukrainian takeover of
Buczacz, 65—70, 318«
and violence, plunder, and
destruction in Buczacz,
47-49
World War I and, 38, 40-54,
56—58, 68, 313«—14«
Siewinski, Jozef, 41, 57, 66—67
Siewinski, Marian, 41, 43, 57, 66,
68
Siewinski, Zygmunt, 41, 43, 57,
66, 68
Sifrei Shaashuim (Books of Delight),
25
Silesia, 93
Sipo, 277
in Czortkow, 164, 184, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191-94, 192,
193, 196-97, 199, 206, 214,
350«~51«
inTarnopol, 164, 181,214
Siwy, Szymin, 146
Siyak, Ostap, 42
Skamene, Emil, 236—38
Skamene, Richard and Frederika,
237
Skvartsova, Anna, 359«
Slavs, 7, 63, 112
Slipenkyi, Danylo, 166—67
Slovakia, xi, 123, 160
Slupski, Kazimierz, 364«
Slyuzbar, Roman, 108
Sobkow, Michai, 270—72
social Darwinism, 28
Social General Strike, The (Nacht), 33
socialists, socialism, 30—33
anti-Semitism and, 32, 100
in Buczacz, 30—31, 143
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 84
Poland and, 30, 32, 140—41
Sokil, 110-11, 122
Sokol (Falcon), 43, 43, 50, 141,
222, 349«
Sokolecki brothers, 354«
Sommer, Abraham, 99—101, 172,
326«
Soroki, 112
Soviet Extraordinary Commission,
232
391
Index
Soviets, Soviet Union, xi, 2, 126—27,
165, 266—69, 271-82, 296-97,
335«
anti—Semitism of, 24, 131, 133,
152, 154
arrests by, 131-32, 135, 138-39,
145, 147, 149-50, 286, 338«,
341«—42«
and atrocities in Galicia, 79,
268-69
Buczacz invaded and occupied
by, 73-74, 82, 84, 88,
130-36, 138-42, 144-45,
147-51, 153, 155, 157, 160,
230, 271, 277-79, 286-88,
291-94, 297, 337«-38«,
363«
Buczacz withdrawals of, 62, 63,
244, 281,365«
and civil war between Poles and
Ukrainians, 268—69, 272—74
deportations and, 133, 138,
140, 145-54, 157, 269, 271,
273-74, 280, 285-87, 297,
338«
education and, 141—44, 149—50
elections and, 144—46, 337«—38«
Jewish immigration to, 174,
326«, 340«—41«
Jews accused of parasitism by,
179
Nazi crimes investigated by,
275-77, 276, 284, 349«
and Nazi invasion of Poland,
126
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz,
160-63, 167, 179
Poland invaded and occupied by,
73, 88, 130-57, 160, 230, 234,
240, 242, 244, 250, 253-54,
259-60, 262, 271-73, 275,
277-78, 280, 284-88, 290-94,
297, 336«—38«, 340«-42«,
361 «-63«, 366«, 368«
Polish border with, 75, 112—13
press and, 129
prisoners executed by, 150
propaganda of, 139—42, 144
relations between Nazis and, 124,
130, 139
and relations between Poles and
Ukrainians, 75, 112
repatriating Poles and, 287
resistance and, 255, 260, 282
struggle between Nazis and, 158,
267—68
Ukrainian insurgency and, 267,
269, 271, 284-87, 290
violence against, 232, 276, 285
and violence against Jews, 152,
164, 230, 250, 276-77
and violence against Ukrainians,
286, 291, 297
World War II and, 148, 174
see also Bolsheviks
Spanish Civil War, 89—90
Spencer, Herbert, 32
Spielberg, Edzia, 247—50
Stalin, Joseph, 124, 141, 327n, 368«
education and, 143
and interethnic violence in
Galicia, 126—27
and Soviet occupation and rule
in Poland, 130, 133, 139-40,
142—44
392
I
Index
Stalin Club, 141
Stanislawow, 30—31, 57, 70, 75,
102-3, 130
State Justice Administration for
the Investigation of National
Socialist Crimes, 230
Steffi, 225
Steiger, Adam, 204—5
Steiger, Rudolf, 236—38
Stein, 218
Stern, Bernard, 26, 41
refugee issues and, 63
and Russian occupations of
Buczacz, 55—56
Stern, Dawid Aba, 353«
Strypa River, Strypa Valley, 6—7,
11-13, 71-72, 95, 220, 222,
249, 259, 279, 291, 305«-6«
Jewish houses along, 217
and Jewish privileges in Buczacz,
13
World War I and, 37, 43-44, 45,
50, 58-59, 62
Sudetenland, 123
Sukkot, 137
Sukowski, Kazimierz, 337«
^wierszczak, Marjan, 254, 361«
Swierszczak, Maryna, 254
Synenka, Oresta, 265, 293—94
Synenkyi, Ivan, 294—95
Szajter, Jan, 91,93, 139
Szajter, Roman, 93
Szczecin, 283
Szczipaniak, Dr., 211
Szczyrba, Mikolaj, 281—82
Szechner, Jakub, 152
Szeptylycz, 49—50
Szimer, Izrael, 2, 3, 4, 323«-24«
Szimer, Rina, xv, 1, 1, 324«
Szpigiel, Mojzesz, 260—62
Sztankowska, Antosia, 246
Szwarc, Fiszel, 175—76
Szwarc, Izaak, 170—71, 346«—47«
Szydlowski, Leon, 146
Szymula, Stefan, 131, 145—46
Tabak, Renia, 239^40
Tabak, Sala, 240
Talmud Torah Association, Talmud
Torah School, 88, 99—100,
326«
Tarbut School, 97, 98
Tarnopol, 17-18, 46, 75, 83, 103,
136, 193, 221, 332«—33«,
339«
anti-Semitism in, 121
deportations and, 147, 341«,
367«—68«
Nazi invasions and occupations
of, 164
politics and, 101—2, 117
population of, 330«, 367«
relations between Roman and
Greek Catholics in, 118
repatriating Poles and, 287, 368«
Sipo in, 164, 181,214
Soviet occupation and rule in,
142
and transportation in Buczacz,
143
Ukrainian insurgency in, 284—86
Ukrainian nationalism and, 122
and violence against Jews, 181
Tarnow, 137
Tatars, 7
Telakowski, 26
393
Index
Tel Aviv, xv, 1, 348n
Thieberger, Jozef, 145
Thomanek, Paul, 182, 199, 350«,
352«
arrests by, 194, 196
court judgment against, 196
physical appearance of, 194—96
and violence against Jews,
193-96, 208, 257, 353«
Thoroughfare IV, 186
Tischler, Simcha, 152, 361«
Thimacz, 346«
Thiste, 233-34, 259-62, 276,
362«
Todt Organization, 177
toleration tax, 16—17
Trembach, Julija, 279—80
Trembowla, 114
Trosciniec, 132
Turkowa, Jadwiga—Wanda, 130—31,
145
Ukrainian Army, 70, 111, 161—62,
161
Ukrainians, Ukraine, x, xi, xiii—xiv,
2, 4, 63-81, 219, 276-82,
312«, 349«—50«, 355«-56«
anti—Semitism and, 21, 101, 121,
126-27, 332«
arrests and, 150, 162, 242, 248,
273, 277, 286, 338«, 342«
Buczacz taken over by, 65—71,
317«—18«
civil war between Poles and,
268-74, 268, 297-98
cultural and educational societies
of, 20, 105-11, 106 107;
121, 328«
deportations and, 138, 147—48,
150, 153-54, 225, 269,
271, 273-74, 285-87,
297, 339«, 342«,
367«—68«
education and, 26, 90—93,
103-5, 107-9, 118, 122-23,
136, 148, 149-50, 331«
elections and, 33, 104, 110, 115,
144, 146, 338«
end of rule in Buczacz of, 70, 72
ethnic conflicts and, 35—36,
78-81, 79, 80, 103
finances of, 20, 95, 104, 110,
127, 137
illiteracy of, 110
independence of, 298
insurgency of, 106, 124—25,
125, 139, 267, 269-71,
284-87, 290, 297-98, 298,
365«
Jewish landownership and, 23
Jewish politics and, 101—2
and Jews saved by Poles, 282
job discrimination and, 104, 117,
120
and maintenance of law and
order in Buczacz, 72—73
martyrdom claims of, 289—91,
298
militance of, 103, 110—11,
122-24
nationalism and, 19, 27, 35, 77,
79, 84, 101-3, 109-11, 115,
120-27, 133, 153-56, 162,
267-68, 273-74, 286-88,
293, 297-98, 332«, 338«,
341«
394
I
Index
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 93,
159-63, 165-70, 175,178-84,
195, 200-201, 204, 206-9,
215-16, 218, 2 222, 223,
225, 235-37, 239, 241-45,
248-51, 256-58, 267, 272-74,
277-80, 278, 290, 294, 338«,
341«—42«, 346«—47«, 349«,
365«—66«, 368«
and Nazi occupation of Poland,
153-54
and Nazi takeover of Galicia, 156
Polish Constitution Day and,
117,120
and Polish rule in Buczacz, 120
and Polish rule in Galicia, 102—4,
107, 111-15, 117
politics and, 101—2, 106, 110—11,
115, 117, 119, 135,274,
284-85, 292-93, 327 329«,
335 n,339«
and population of Buczacz, 115,
271, 288, 330«, 367«-68«
press and, 129, 139—40
relations between Jews and, 42,
54-55, 112, 119, 121, 126,
151-53, 155-56, 195, 216,
240-43, 245, 247-49, 251-54,
256, 258, 261, 281, 294, 361«
relations between Nazis and,
123-24, 126-27, 152, 267
relations between Poles and, 68—73,
75, 77-79, 101-3, 110-15,
117, 119-28, 132-34, 136-39,
149-50, 153, 155,266-67,
269-70, 272, 279-80, 288,
290, 317«-18«, 333«-34«
and relations between Roman
and Greek Catholics, 120
relations between Russians and,
76-77
and rescues of babies, 236
resistance and, 178, 260
and Soviet invasions and
occupations of Poland, 130—41,
144, 146-55, 160, 271-73,
277-78, 280, 284-88, 290-92,
338 n,366«, 368«
and struggle between Nazis and
Soviets, 268
in struggle with Poles over Galicia,
64-65, 69-71, 74-79, 81,
103, 105, 109, 268-70, 274
violence against, 252, 256, 268,
270, 272-73, 276, 286-87,
290-91, 297-98, 328«,
338«—39«
and violence against Jews, 69—70,
159-60, 162, 165-69, 176,
179-84, 195, 204, 206-9,
222, 229, 235-36, 238,
240, 243-44, 247-51, 253,
259-62, 273, 277, 279-81,
290-91, 294, 296-98, 332«,
349«, 353 n,359 366«
and violence against Poles,
78-81, 79, 80, 103, 267-72,
284-85, 287, 297, 359«,
363«—64«
and violence against Soviets, 285
and war between Soviets and
Poles, 73
World War I and, 42, 47, 54, 63,
105,108-9, 160
World War II and, 119, 132, 138
395
Index
Ukrainska Povstanska Armiya (UPA,
Ukrainian Insurgent Army),
106, 125, 139, 265, 267, 268,
269, 285-87, 290, 292-93,
297-98, 298, 365«, 368n
Ukrainska Viiskova Orhanizatsiya
(UVO, Ukrainian Military
Organization), 103, 333«
Ukrainske Natsionalno
Demokratychne
Obiednannia (UNDO,
Ukrainian National
Democratic Alliance), 106,
110-11, 121-26, 331«,
334«
United Buczaczer Ladies Auxiliary,
99, 326«
United States, 312«, 341«
and demoralization of Jews, 99
entrance into World War I of, 29
Jewish immigration to, 28—29,
33, 100, 157, 358«
and Polish—Ukrainian struggle
over Galicia, 75, 77
Uscie Zielone, 265
UVO—OUN, 333«
Vathie, 261—62
Velde, Hans, 192, 351«
Vienna, x, xi, 18, 24, 83
elections and, 34
Jewish community in, 32
World War I and, 42, 46, 53, 55
Vienna, University of, 30
Volhynia, xi, 58, 62, 113, 267, 270,
297
Voronka, Ostap, 211, 328n
Voronka, Roman, 301, 328«
Wacher, Nusia, 362«
Wächter, Otto, 217-18, 365«
Wagner, Esther Rivka, 82
Waisman, Mojsze, 189
Warsaw, x, xi, xiii, 53, 75, 116, 121,
123, 157, 186,215, 257-58,
282,346«
ghetto in, 26, 213, 257
Waruszyriski, Zbigniew, 146
Wa§ik, Franka and Stanislaw, 235—36
Wattenberg, Wolcio, 347«
Wechsler, Beño, 348«, 361«
Weingarten, 136, 325«
Weisser, Liuba, 349«
Weksler, Genia, 241
Werdum, Ulrich von, 10—11
West Ukrainian National Republic
(Zakhidno—Ukrainska
Narodna Respublika, ZUNR),
64-65, 69, 73, 75, 78-79
Whitehead, Wilfred James, 76-77
Wiesenthal, Simon, 26, 292
Willig, Shraga Feivel, 82, 171
Winiarski, Wladek, 41
Wiszniewski, Ignacy, 260
Wizinger, Moshe, 167—68, 172,
174-75
Fedor Hill massacre and, 181—82
on Pähls violence, 203
resistance and, 254, 348«
Wlodzimierz, 114
Wojciechówka, 242, 360«
Wolf (also Wolff, OD chief and
Gestapo collaborator), 194,
361«—62«
Wolf, Sofia, 194
Wolf, Ursula, 221-22, 224
Wolfthal, Izrael and Tyla, 326«
396
Index
Wolgner, Jôzef, 72-73, 319«
Wolkowa, Maria, 146
Wofkowski, Wladayslaw, 269
Womens International Zionist
Organization (WIZO), 98
World War I, 22-24, 27, 35-36,
37, 38—65, 45, 58, 60, 62, 68,
82-83, 95-96, 160, 313«-16«,
350«
anti-Semitism and, 24, 40—42,
44-45, 47-48, 50-54
casualties in, 36, 38, 44, 46, 51,
53-54, 56—60, 92, 313«-14«,
316«
conscription in, 24, 40—41, 43,
46, 54
education and, 72, 74, 91
Galicia and, 38, 42, 46, 54, 56,
58, 62-64, 75-76, 315«
and Jewish hospital in Buczacz,
31, 98
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 85
Jewish landownership and, 22
Jewish orphanage and, 88—89
peace negotiations in, 62—63
and politics of Jews, 88
refugees in, 42—43, 55, 61, 63,
314«
Russian invasions and
occupations of Buczacz in,
44-56, 58-61, 61, 313«, 315«
Russian offensive in, 58—59, 316«
Russian retreat in, 52—54, 63
and socioeconomic status of Jews,
95
and Ukrainian cultural and
educational societies, 105, 108—9
U.S. entrance into, 29
violence, plunder, and
destruction in, 46—50, 48,
52-55, 59-60, 69
World War II, xi, 4, 73, 81, 98-100,
109, 118-19, 122, 127,
132-35, 138, 148, 154, 172,
174, 176, 185-86, 193, 196,
200, 205, 215, 224, 237, 240,
249-50, 250, 256-57, 260,
270-71, 279-83, 292, 294,
296—97, 316«, 342«, 359«
ethnic cleansing and genocide
in, 78
Jewish communism and, 133
and population of Buczacz, 271
Prosvita and, 106—7
refugees and, 266, 282
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 132
Worman, Emanuel (Bazan), 150,
175, 344«, 346«, 348«
Wroclaw, 282
Yad Vashem, 174, 253-54, 359«^60«
Yakutsk, 151
Yerevan, 129
Yiddish, xiii, 2, 5, 30, 59
Jewish landownership and, 23
and rights and privileges of Jews,
19
Yom Kippur, 23
Zaleszczyki, 276, 364«
Za Nove Zhyttia (For a New Life),
129, 139^42, 141
Zarian, Nairi (Hayastan
Eghiazarian), 129
397
Index
Zarivny family, 243—44, 359«—60«
Zbrucz River, 62, 71, 113
Zeigermacher, Etel, 60
Zieliniec, 281
Zielona, 46-47, 290-91
Zilber, Anna, 283
Zionists, Zionism, 22, 25, 31—34,
98-99
comparisons between socialism
and, 31
deportations and, 154
education and, 98, 331«
elections and, 33—34, 96, 116, 31 In
finances of, 85—87
Jewish communists and, 102
and Jewish immigration to
Palestine, 83—87, 89
Jewish orphanage and, 89
Jewish political organizations
and, 96
and Nazi invasions and
occupations of Buczacz, 87
and Soviet occupation and rule in
Poland, 150, 152, 154
World War I and, 41
Znibrody, 259
Zuler, Jankiel, 346«
Zych, Franciszek, 26—27, 44
398
1
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Barṭov, ʾOmer 1954- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103650075 |
| author_facet | Barṭov, ʾOmer 1954- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Barṭov, ʾOmer 1954- |
| author_variant | ʾ b ʾb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044748964 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 2360 |
| contents | Memories of childhood -- The gathering storm -- Enemies at their pleasure -- Together and apart -- Soviet power -- German order -- The daily life of genocide -- Neighbors -- Aftermath |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1028901004 (DE-599)BVBBV044748964 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044748964 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:01:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781451684537 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Barṭov, ʾOmer 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)103650075 aut Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz Omer Bartov First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition New York ; London ; Toronto ; Sydney ; New Delhi Simon & Schuster January 2018 xiv, 398 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Memories of childhood -- The gathering storm -- Enemies at their pleasure -- Together and apart -- Soviet power -- German order -- The daily life of genocide -- Neighbors -- Aftermath "A fascinating and cautionary examination of how genocide can take root at the local level--turning neighbors, friends, and even family members against one another--as seen through the eastern European border town of Buczacz during World War II." -- Amazon.com "For more than four hundred years, the Eastern European border town of Buczacz--today part of Ukraine--was home to Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews, all living side by side in relative harmony. Then came World War II, and in the span of a few years the entire Jewish population had been murdered by German and Ukrainian police, while Ukrainian nationalists eradicated Polish residents. The violence lifted as quickly as it began, leaving the survivors searching for answers. In Anatomy of a Genocide, historian Omer Bartov shows that ethnic cleansing doesn't occur, as is so often portrayed in popular history, with the quick ascent of a vitriolic political leader and the unleashing of military might. It begins in seeming peace, slowly and often unnoticed, as the culmination of pent-up slights and grudges and indignities. The perpetrators aren't just sociopathic soldiers--they are neighbors and friends and family. Others are average middle-aged men who come from elsewhere, often with their spouses and children and parents, and settle into a life of bourgeois comfort peppered with bouts of mass murder: an island of normality floating on an ocean of blood. For more than two decades, Bartov--whose mother was raised in Buczacz--traveled extensively throughout the region, scouring archives and amassing thousands of documents and photographs rarely seen until now. He relied on hundreds of first-person testimonies by victims, perpetrators, collaborators, and rescuers. The result is a vivid, suspenseful investigation into one of the biggest crimes in modern history. Anatomy of a Genocide changes our understanding of the Holocaust and the nature of mass killing as a whole. However, this book isn't just an attempt to understand what happened in the past. It's a warning of how it could happen again, in our own towns and cities--much more easily than we might think."--Dust jacket Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Butschatsch (DE-588)4088755-8 gnd rswk-swf Genocide / Ukraine / History / 20th century Buchach (Ukraine) / Ethnic relations Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Ukraine / Buchach Jews / Persecutions / Ukraine / Buchach World War, 1939-1945 / Atrocities / Ukraine / Buchach HISTORY / Holocaust HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century Butschatsch (DE-588)4088755-8 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4516-8455-1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030144666&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030144666&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Barṭov, ʾOmer 1954- Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz Memories of childhood -- The gathering storm -- Enemies at their pleasure -- Together and apart -- Soviet power -- German order -- The daily life of genocide -- Neighbors -- Aftermath Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4088755-8 |
| title | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz |
| title_auth | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz |
| title_exact_search | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz |
| title_full | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz Omer Bartov |
| title_fullStr | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz Omer Bartov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called Buczacz Omer Bartov |
| title_short | Anatomy of a genocide |
| title_sort | anatomy of a genocide the life and death of a town called buczacz |
| title_sub | the life and death of a town called Buczacz |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Judenvernichtung Butschatsch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030144666&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030144666&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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