The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Biology of habitats
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 336 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780198739135 9780198739142 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems |c Karen J. Esler (Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Anna L. Jacobsen (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA), R. Brandon Pratt (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA) |
| 250 | |a First edition | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178189739622400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Plates xiii
Case Study Contributors and Affiliations xv
SECTION 1 Setting the Scene: Mediterranean
Landscapes
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Ecosystems 3
1.2 Mediterranean-type ecosystems 5
1.3 Defining mediterranean-type ecosystems 7
1.4 A brief history of early comparative mediterranean research 11
CASE STUDY 1: Early mediterranean ecosystem comparisons.
A personal history 14
Contributed by H.A. Mooney
1.5 Hotspots of biodiversity 17
2 Characteristics of Mediterranean-Type
Ecosystems 23
2.1 Origins and biogeography 23
CASE STUDY 2: Assembly of mediterranean-type floras—
convergence, exaptation, and evolutionary predisposition 27
Contributed by David D. Ackerly and Renske E. Onstein
CASE STUDY 3: The role of environmental stability in explaining
variation in plant diversity in mediterranean-type ecosystems 34
Contributed by Richard M. Cowling
2.2 Introduction to ecosystem drivers and processes 35
2.2.1 Climate 35
CASE STUDY 4: Freezing as an understudied driver of
plant distribution within mediterranean-type ecosystems 39
Contributed by Stephen D. Davis and George Matusick
2.2.2 Fire 43
2.2.3 Topography and geology 47
2.2.4 Soils and mineral nutrition 51
x CONTENTS
2.3 Evolutionary convergence 53
2.4 An overview of mediterranean-type ecosystem characteristics 56
SECTION 2 Painting the Picture: The Living Template
3 Organisms and their Interactions 69
3.1 Organismal adaptations 69
3.1.1 Plants 70
3.1.1.1 Phenology and life form 70
3.1.1.2 Roots, soils, and symbioses 77
CASE STUDY 5: Pioneering research on proteoid root
clusters in three mediterranean regions 80
Contributed by Byron B. Lamont and Maria Perez-Fernandez
3.1.1.3 Fire 84
CASE STUDY 6: Central Chile compared to California:
the enigma of the Chilean mediterranean-type climate flora 85
Contributed by Mary T.K. Arroyo
3.1.2 Animals 87
3.1.3 Microbes 88
3.2 Diversity and endemism 89
3.3 Ecological and evolutionary context 91
3.3.1 Edaphic communities 92
3.3.2 Animal and plant interactions 92
3.3.2.1 Plants and herbivores 93
3.3.2.2 Plants and pollinators 94
3.3.2.3 Plants and seed dispersers 95
4 Diversity and Community Structure 109
4.1 Assembling plant communities 109
4.2 Shrublands 118
4.2.1 Evergreen sclerophyll shrublands 118
CASE STUDY 7: Mediterranean-type vegetation outside
of mediterranean-type climate regions 119
Contributed by Philip W. Rundel
4.2.2 Heathlands—a component of evergreen
sclerophyll shrublands 123
4.2.3 Drought-deciduous soft-leaved shrublands 124
4.2.4 Desert shrublands along arid margins 125
4.3 Woodlands and forests 128
CASE STUDY 8: Large old (venerable) trees of fire-prone
mediterranean-type climate regions 129
Contributed by Grant W. Wardell-Johnson
4.4 Grasslands 133
CONTENTS Xi
4.5 Riparian communities 136
4.6 Vegetation dynamics: patchiness in space and time 138
SECTION 3 Choreography: Life in Motion
5 Evolution and Diversity 149
5.1 Origins 149
5.2 Macroevolutionary patterns 155
5.2.1 Divergence 155
5.2.2 Convergence 160
CASE STUDY 9: Mediterranean heathland and fynbos:
a neglected example of convergence between
mediterranean climate regions 160
Contributed by Fernando Ojeda
5.2.3 Extinction 165
5.3 Diversity 165
5.4 Drivers of diversity 166
CASE STUDY 10: The origin of the mediterranean biome 167
Contributed by Philip W. Rundel
6 Form and Function of Mediterranean
Shrublands 177
6.1 Structure and physiology 177
6.1.1 Sclerophyllous leaves 177
6.1.2 Leaf traits other than sclerophylly 182
6.2 Photosynthesis and growth 186
6.3 Responding to limited water 196
6.4 Demography and population dynamics: the key role of fire 200
6.4.1 Fire regime 200
CASE STUDY 11: Linking fire traits and historical fire regimes
in the mediterranean-type environment 202
Contributed by Juli G. Pausas
6.4.2 Shrub response to fire: from individuals
to populations 204
6.4.3 Evolution of traits in response to fire 206
7 Ecosystems processes 219
7.1 Ecosystem structure and primary productivity 219
7.2 Mineral nutrients 225
7.2.1 Plant adaptations to low nutrients 227
7.2.2 Nutrients, fire, and decomposition 229
7.3 Hydrology 231
xii CONTENTS
SECTION 4 The Modern Stage: Transformation
8 Transformation 239
8.1 Threats to mediterranean-type climate regions 239
8.2 Human interactions with mediterranean-type climate
region landscapes 241
8.3 Land-use, land-cover change 244
CASE STUDY 12: Australian acacias—super invaders
of mediterranean-type ecosystems 247
Contributed by David M. Richardson
CASE STUDY 13: Land-use changes in an urbanizing world: a
comparison between the city of Cape Town, South Africa
and Los Angeles County, USA 251
Contributed by Patricia M. Holmes and Alexandra D. Syphard
8.4 Habitat fragmentation 258
8.5 Fire regime changes and habitat type conversion 259
8.6 Invasive species 263
8.6.1 Invasive plants 263
8.6.2 Invasive animals 267
8.6.3 Pathogens 268
8.7 Nutrient enrichment 270
8.8 Climate change 271
8.9 Conclusion 276
9 Planning for the future 291
9.1 Introduction 291
9.2 Conservation approaches 293
9.2.1 Protected area expansion 296
9.2.2 Conservation stewardship 297
9.2.3 Biodiversity and spatial planning 300
9.3 Ecological restoration and related activities 302
9.4 Climate change, altered disturbance regimes, and fire
management 307
CASE STUDY 14: Fire and climate change in
mediterranean-type ecosystems 310
Contributed by Max A. Moritz and Enric Batllori
9.5 Conclusion 312
Index
323
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Esler, Karen J. Verfasser (DE-588)1155505840 aut The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems Karen J. Esler (Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Anna L. Jacobsen (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA), R. Brandon Pratt (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA) First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2018 xvi, 336 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biology of habitats Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Etesienklima (DE-588)4153077-9 gnd rswk-swf Mediterrane Subtropen (DE-588)4457547-6 gnd rswk-swf Etesienklima (DE-588)4153077-9 s Mediterrane Subtropen (DE-588)4457547-6 g Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 Jacobsen, Anna L. Verfasser (DE-588)1155506081 aut Pratt, R. Brandon Verfasser (DE-588)1155506189 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030107057&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Esler, Karen J. Jacobsen, Anna L. Pratt, R. Brandon The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Etesienklima (DE-588)4153077-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4153077-9 (DE-588)4457547-6 |
| title | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems |
| title_auth | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems |
| title_exact_search | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems |
| title_full | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems Karen J. Esler (Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Anna L. Jacobsen (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA), R. Brandon Pratt (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA) |
| title_fullStr | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems Karen J. Esler (Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Anna L. Jacobsen (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA), R. Brandon Pratt (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems Karen J. Esler (Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Anna L. Jacobsen (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA), R. Brandon Pratt (Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, USA) |
| title_short | The biology of Mediterranean-type ecosystems |
| title_sort | the biology of mediterranean type ecosystems |
| topic | Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Etesienklima (DE-588)4153077-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökosystem Etesienklima Mediterrane Subtropen |
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