The road to September 1939: Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Waltham, Massachusetts
Brandeis University Press
[2018]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Tauber Institute series for the study of European Jewry
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Originally published in Hebrew in 2013 as "Haderekh leseptember 1939: Hayishuv, yehudei plin, vehatenuah hazionit erev milhemet ha'olam hashniyah" (Tel Aviv: Am Oved Publishers). - Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 408 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781512601534 9781684580071 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Derekh le-September 1939 |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The road to September 1939 |b Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II |c Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ; translated by Michal Sapir |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
The Birds Left Early” xi
1
A Million Superfluous Jews”—and More 1
2
The Dream of a Jewish State” 67
3
The Wailing Wall in Evian”
and Kristallnacht 103
A
Funeral March at St. James s Palace:
They Betrayed Czechoslovakia, Why
Should They Not Betray Us as Well?” 157
5
A Bridge Over the White Paper? 199
6
The Forgotten Congress
(Geneva, August 16-23,1939) 224
7
Will War Break Out? 270
8
So Early, No One Has Seen Death Yet” 283
Epilogue 331
Acknowledgments 341
Notes 343
Bibliography 385
Index 401
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ARCHIVES
Labor Party Archive (LPA)
Central Zionist Archives (CZA)
Weizmann Archive (WA)
Jabotinsky Institute Archive (JIA)
Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipal Historical Archive (TAA)
German Foreign Office Archive, Auswärtiges Amt
Polish Foreign Office Archive (AWA)
Jewish Historical Institute (AZIH)
Public Record Office, London (PRO)
YIVO, New York
Minutes of the Nineteenth Zionist Congress and the Fourth Session of the Jewish Agency
Council (1937). Lucerne, August 20-September 4,1935 (Jerusalem)
Minutes of the Twentieth Zionist Congress and the Fifth Session of the Jewish Agency Council,
August 3-21,1937 (Jerusalem)
Minutes of the Twenty-First Zionist Congress, August 16-25, 1939 (Jerusalem)
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1939, vol. IV
Parliamentary Debates: House of Commons (April 6,1939), 345(6)
Parliamentary Debates: House of Lords (21 June 1938), 110 (95)
PRESS AND PERIODICALS
Das Jüdische Tageblatt; Davar; Davar Leyeladim; Der Moment; Der Tag; Der Yiddisher
Kempfer; DoarHayom; Dvar Hapoelet; Forverts; Gal-Ed; Haaretz; Haboker; Hamashkif;
Hamedina; Haolam; Hapoel Hatzair; Hashaa; Hashomer Hatzair; Hatzofeh; Hayarden;
Haynt; Hazit Haam; Iton Meyuhad; Makor Rishon; Nowy Dziennik; Polin; Razsviet; Sadan;
Unser Veit; Yad Vashem; Yalkut Moreshet; Zion
Anchorage Daily News; Geheimes Staatspolizeiamt; Jewish Chronicle; Merizujus Polki; Tempo
Dnia; The Daily Express; The Manchester Guardian; The Times; Zionist Review
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Bibliography 399
INDEX
Note: page numbers followed by n refer to notes, with note number.
Alaska, as refugee destination, 296-97
antisemitism: Czechoslovakia and, 167,
173-74, 238, 254, 281; increase in, with
closing of Palestine, 76-77, 80,206,
3541153; in nations receiving Jewish
immigration, 126,127,140,173
antisemitism in Poland, 32-34, 39-44,
42-43, 35oni83; after Pilsudski s death,
4,14-19; during German invasion,
311, 313, 315,316,317,322, 328;
government support of, 16-17,38;
hopes for resolution of, 24-25, 27-28,
37-38; Jabotinsky on, 326; and Jewish
alienation, 25,31-32,34,36,38-39; and
Jewish poverty, 16-17,33-36, 62; Jewish
protests against, 41,42; perceptions
of, xv; Ringelblum on, 328; theories
on causes of, 37-38; U.S. reluctance to
address, 36-37
Arabs: Arab-Jewish violence, 133,146,
207-8, 223, 292; Arab Revolt, 21, 44,
45, 47, 71, 73, 91-92,145,146,193, 223,
292,333,335; pressure on British, 157,
158,159,160,175; resistance to Jewish
migration, 21, 44-46,139; revolt against
British rule, 46, 91
Asch, Sholem, 16,42, 86,182-84,187,189
Austria: German annexation of, 94-95,
129; Kristallnacht in, 149; referendum
on future of, xiii
Austrian Jews: census data on, 197-98;
Nazi abuse of, 94,198; as refugees,
94-95,129, 219, 247-48,36omi5
Bader, Yohanan (Jan), xii, xiii, 30-31,277,
294, 314
Balfour Declaration, British retreat from,
333
Beck, J6zef, 4,18, 48, 51-53, 55, 61,62, 79,
90,137,192, 278,303,332
Begin, Menachem, 216,220-21, 252,305,
309
Ben-Gurion, David: on Britain and Jews,
243, 245; on British preparations for
war, 175-76; and British White Paper,
209; and combative Zionism, 245; on
defense of Yishuv, 81-82, 335,336,
337; on European Jews, 336,337-38;
on Evian Conference, 141; on fall of
Czechoslovakia, 161-62,169,174,175;
fear of British betrayal, 93-94,163,
164,174; on forces of history, 268; on
foreclosure of Zionisms options, 192;
on German antisemitism, 281-82;
on global situation, 158-59; health
issues of, 209; on Hitler s plan, 162;
and Jewish support for Poland, 65;
and Kristallnacht, 149; on likelihood
of war, 197, 270-71; and migration to
Palestine, 16, 24, 72, 73-74, 94, 98,114,
115,126,147,152-53,159, 200, 209, 211-14,
219-20, 243-45, 255; on Nazism, 106,
114,116-17; negotiations with Poland
on emigration, 55; on Nuremberg
Laws, 114; on Partition Plan, 70,76-77,
81-82, 87, 88, 92-93,152; on Pilsudski,
5; on Polish antisemitism, 15,16, 38; on
Polish Jews, 15-16,345n25; and Polish
resistance, 285-86; on possibility of
war, 278; on preparations for war,
161-62; on restrictions on Jewish
migration, 12; Revisionists and, 26-27,
112; and St. James Conference, 175-76,
178,179,182,184-92,194-95; and 20th
Zionist Congress, 83, 85, 87,88, 89,90;
and 21st Zionist Congress, 241,242-43,
243-45,249,262,288; on Weizmanns
depression after St. James Conference,
194; on Zionist movement, xviii, 26,
225,333
Betar (Brit Yosef Trumpeldor), 7-8, 22-23,
28,48, 57» 67, 68, 98, 99-101,119, 214-17,
220-21, 252, 258, 294,309, 327
boycott of German goods, 47-49,121-26,
154, 274, 278-80
Braginsky, Yehuda, 95-96, 97,152-53,163,
211, 214, 219, 237, 285, 288
Britain: and Arab unrest, 45,91-92,146;
and boycott of German goods, 47;
declaration of war, 303,335; at Evian
Conference, 135,139-40,144; failure to
grasp threat to Jews, xviii; and German
invasion of Poland, 298,303; and
German occupation of Czechoslovakia,
168; Jewish arms shipments and, 59;
and Jewish refugee problem, 196-97,
260; and Jewish revolt in Palestine,
293-94; and Kindertransport, 152,172,
260, 297; need for Arab support, 176,
177,191,195,197,260; and Nuremberg
Laws, 114; Palestine Partition Commis-
sion, 93; Palestine Policy (1939), 197;
and Poland, obligation to defend, 229,
254,260; and Polish Jews deported from
Germany, 61-62,63-64; preparations
for war in, 159,161,162,176,224,229,
253, 254, 260, 267,301-2; refugee policy,
172,173,260; war casualty fears, 260;
and withdrawal from Mandate, 89-90,
93,158,191. See abo Munich Agreement
Britain, and Jewish migration to Palestine:
categories of immigrants, 12,126-27;
efforts to discourage, 63-64,174,195,
204,209, 213,214,215,220,221, 239,
252, 302; enforcement of limits, 174,
185,188,210,212-15,220-21, 239-40,
244,245, 247,252-53,258-59,292,
303-4,337; and fate of European Jews,
197,336-37; Jewish lobbying on, 88,
94,146-47,150,159,193,195,196,199,
333; limits on, xvii, 11-12, 51,54-56, 58,
63-64, 70, 72,74,125,137,139,158,198,
211; need for British cooperation, 72,
196; “political maximum standard for,
75, 92; support for increases in, 91,136.
See abo White Paper
Bund, 24, 25, 26,40,43,111,203, 237, 278,
306-7,308
Chajes, Wiktor (Avigdor Wilhelm):
attachment to Poland, 14, 25, 89;
death of, 322; on Germany-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact, 228-29; on
Hitler, xiii, 105-6,192,277-78, 303;
and invasion of Poland, 308,311,322;
on Jewish emigration, 1, 28; on Jewish
state, 88-89; on Kristallnacht, 150; on
Nazism, 103-4; on Palestine, 21; and
Pilsudski, 1,3-5,7; on Poland, 65-66,
165; on Polish antisemitism, 14-15,16,
41; on possibility of war, 294
Chamberlain, Neville, 150,160,162-64,169,
180-82,186,189-90,193,195-97» 205,
229,333» 334» 384117
Churchill, Winston, 69,72,78,159,270,
335» 354H53
Clearing Agreement with Poland, 20-21,
35» 50
Cohn, Willy, xiii, xiv, 104,116,149, 229, 267,
278,299,301,311
Czechoslovakia: and Jewish problem, 166;
Jewish refugees from, 170-71,173,174,
215-16,219; and Munich Agreement,
158,161-66,167,169,174-75» 271;
surrender of, 166-67; and 21st Zionist
Congress, 234
Czechoslovakia, German occupation of,
166-75,271,280,281; and antisemitism,
167,173-74» 198» 238,254,281; British
responses to, 172-73; Jewish reactions
to, 168,171-72,173,174-75; and removal
of Jews, 234
402 index
Dugdale, Blanche (Baffy), 76, 84, 93, 94,
142,164,170,177,184-85,194,196, 229,
230, 249, 263, 266, 267, 299, 333, 3731119
Eichmann, Adolf, 94,154,174,219
Endecja. See National Democratic party
Évian Conference, 130-43; and lack
of countries willing to receive
Jewish refugees, 128,134-35,138,140,
142-43; Nazis and, 130,135-36,138; and
Palestine migration, 137,141-42,143
Final Solution: and lack of countries
willing to receive Jewish refugees,
154,155; original reference to forced
emigration, 154
France: declaration of war, 303; German
invasion of, 279,305; preparations for
war, 284
German Jews: census data on, 197-98;
economic campaign against, 104,
106, no, 113; efforts to accommodate
Hitler, 111; and flight, views on, 104,
107,127,36inn8; and Nuremberg Laws,
113-17,128; removal of, as German goal,
148-49,154,155,36o-6inn8; and 21st
Zionist Congress, 251; views on danger
faced by, 103-9
German Jews, as refugees: antisemitic
backlash in receiving nations, 126,127,
140; British efforts to stop, 188; destina-
tions for, as issue, 126-28,132,134-35,
137-40,142-46,150,154-56,198,199-201,
36mn8; factors in migration decision,
128; illegal migration to Palestine,
258-59; migration to British colonies,
147; number of, 140,36omi5,364^33;
and property as factor in migration,
110,114-15* 127-28,154; urgency of after
Kristallnacht, 126,128,149-50,153; and
Wohlthat-Rublee plan, 153-54. See also
Évian Conference
Germany: annexation of Austria,
94-95* 129; assumed weakness of,
273, 274-76, 278-79; calls for unified
action against, 111,115-16,119, 273, 295;
deportation of Polish Jews from, 59-64;
Non-Aggression Pact with Poland, 14,
15,48,197; Non-Aggression Pact with
Soviet Union, 226-30, 253, 272, 278,
335-36; rising tensions with Poland,
60; rumors of internal dissent in,
176; sympathizers with, xiii. See also
Czechoslovakia, German occupation
of; Poland, German invasion of; other
specific topics
global Jewry: Jabotinsky on power of, 118,
119,123; myth of conspiracy by, 47, 259
Goering, Hermann, 113,154,160,166, 226
Goldmann, Nahum, xv, 16, 52-53,111,141,
179* 184* 241* 242, 265,338
Golomb, Eliyahu, 95,145,182, 207,257
Greenberg, Uri Zvi, 20, 28,112,116,119-21,
236, 273-74, 276-77, 280,305, 306,
381049
Gruenbaum, Yitzhak, 1, 6,13-14,16, 24, 41,
42, 58,141,151, 207, 246,312,329-30
Haganah, 55, 57* 58, 95~97* 184, 203, 207,
213, 214, 255, 257* 352n249
Halifax, Edward, Lord, 61,164,169,181,
184,186, 3651133
Hashomer Hatzair, 33, 65, 271, 284, 287,307
Hatzohar, 22-23, 67,119, 272-73, 294
Hechalutz, 33, 36, 58, 70, 81, 95-98,129-30,
189,190, 211, 215, 239, 248, 284,307* 319
Henderson, Nevile, 169,188, 226, 229, 253,
289
Hitler, Adolf: on boycott of German goods,
122; on Evian Conference, 130; and
invasion of Poland, 253-54, 298, 299;
Jewish views on, 80,103-12,118,122,
192, 270-82; on Jews, 154,160-61, 254;
and Kristallnacht, 147; Mein Kampf,
xiii, 106,107-9,164, 358mo; and
Non-Aggression Pact with Soviets, 226,
227; and occupation of Czechoslovakia,
166,167; rumored ill health of, 276, 297;
vom Rath assassination and, 64
index 403
Irgun Zva i Leumi (Etzel) (underground
group), 57, 58,101,133,146,184, 207-8,
221, 223, 244, 251, 252, 257-58, 267-68,
278, 293-94, 300-301,309, 352n249,
38on40
Italy: antisemitism in, 146; support for
Jewish migration, 101
Jabotinsky, Zeev: address on Warsaw
radio, 47; and Arab Revolt, 145; and
boycott of German goods, 47-48,
121; and British, faith in, 80,161, 278,
364ni5; on British White Paper, 204,
205, 206; and conflict among Zionists,
261; cooperation with Polish removal
of Jews, 11; critics of, 28; on European
Jews, 337; European speaking tour,
197; and Evian Conference, 143,145,
362ni8o; on German army, 274; and
German invasion of Poland, 298-99,
302-3; and German Jews, 129,144;
German monitoring of, 47-48,122;
on Jewish defense of Palestine, 334,
346050; and Jewish migration to
Palestine, 84, 93, 94, 99,145,151-52,
215, 216, 220, 247-48, 255, 257, 278,
38on4o; and Jewish revolt in Palestine,
220-21, 293-94; on Lublin ghetto, 327;
on Nazis, 118-19, 326, 327; and NZO, 9,
10, 346n46; and Partition Plan, 69-70,
73, 77-78, 80-81, 87, 89, 90-91,3541153;
Peel Commission and, 71, 72-73, 354^2;
and Pifsudski, 2, 7-9; on Poland as
concentration camp, 326, 334; on Polish
antisemitism, 19,349-50^173; and
Polish Jews, migration of, 10, 51-55, 72,
80-81, 204-6, 326, 327, 334; on Polish
Jews, 17,19, 37-38, 66, 204, 261, 299;
on possibility of war, xiv, 66,145, 257,
258, 273, 275-78, 282, 294; on power of
world Jewry, 118,119,123; Rippel and,
67, 68; and St. James Conference, 184,
196; at 20th Zionist Congress, 87; on
war, impact on Jews, 274; warning to
leave Poland, xiii, 19, 56-57
Jewish Agency: on Arab resistance
in Palestine, 46, 47; and British
White Paper, 203, 238; and Clearing
Agreement, 20; cooperation with
Polish authorities, 10, 50-51, 55, 66, 79;
and European Jews, 97,336; and Evian
Conference, 141-42; and German Jews,
115,123-24,126,132,151; and illegal
migration to Palestine, 97, 99,101,104,
200-201, 212, 214, 222; immigration
budget, 88, 231; and immigration
permits, 63-64, 92, 95,137, 200-201,
302; and Partition Plan, 82, 93; and Peel
Commission, 98; and Polish Jews, 309,
310; and St. James Conference, 178-80,
187,191,193; and 20th Zionist Congress,
86-87, 88; and 21st Zionist Congress,
234, 243; wartime support for Britain,
288, 333,335
Jewish refugees from Axis nations, 197,
198, 219-20, 331-32, 37on27. See also
specific countries
Jewish revolt in Palestine: planning for,
206-7, 220-21, 243,278, 293-94, 380040;
and Polish support, 55, 57-59; weapons
acquisition and training, 57-59, 206,
207
Jewish state: lobbying on, 79; Nazi
persecutions as spur toward, 115,116,
337; Polish Jews’ excitement about, 69;
practical issues raised by, 78-82; and
unlimited immigration, 69,76-80,
85-87, 354n53
Joint, 22, 61,127,145,188, 200-201, 230
Katznelson, Berl: on British immigra-
tion restrictions, 210; on British
preparations for war, 224; on British
White Paper, 206; and conflict among
Zionists, 261; fear of British betrayal,
163; and illegal migration to Palestine,
20, 96, 211-12, 218-19, 248-49; and
invasion of Poland, 307; on Jewish
state, 67; on League of Nations, 238; on
life during crisis, xvi; on Nazism, 117,
404 Index
262; and Partition Plan, 76,78-79; and
possibility of war, 224, 261; on poverty
of Polish Jews, 33; and St. James
Conference, 179-80,182-83,184,187,
191,194, 288; on Silver, 250; and 20th
Zionist Congress, 84-85, 89, 90; and
21st Zionist Congress, 243, 246-57, 256,
284, 287-88
Katznelson, Yosef, 168,171, 216,309
Kindertransport, 152,172, 260, 297
Kleinbaum (Sneh), Mo she, xiv-xv, 58,
64-65, 86, 207, 244, 252, 285-86
Klemperer, Victor, xiv, 168, 238, 299
Kristallnacht, 126,128,147-52, 260
Krone, Moshe, 249, 256, 263, 287
Latin America, as refugee destination,
199-200,201
League of Nations, 90-91,128-29,132, 237,
238
MacDonald, Malcolm, 63-64, 90-94,107,
129,142,158,163-64,169,177-79,181-82,
184-87,189-91,196,199, 210-11, 237, 243,
304,334-35
Mapai, 74, 78, 99,106,112,123-25,152,187,
211, 232, 235, 236, 244, 287, 326
Meyerson (Meir), Golda, 136-37, 232, 251,
265
Mossad LeAliyah Bet, 58,190, 214, 219, 220,
222, 239, 284,337
Munich Agreement, 158,160,161-66,167,
169,174-75, 254, 271
Mussolini, Benito, 107,159,163, 253, 254,
272, 278,358ni7
National Democratic party (Endecja), 3-4,
16,37, 43
Nazism: moral power of Jewish culture
opposed to, 107,119,121, 279-80; racial
theory of, 104,116; views on danger
presented by, 103-12,116-19,120-21,
270-82
Netz (Vinitzky), Josef, 177,181,191,195-96,
232, 245,336
New Zionist Organization (NZO), 9-10,
120,132,136,142, 207, 346n46
Night of the Long Knives, 108-9, 274-75
Nuremberg Laws, 113-17,128,169
Orient Fair, 46, 47
Palestine: daily life (in 1939), 202-3,
289-92; economic issues in, 92; fear of
British betrayal in, 161-65,174-75, 208;
funds transferred to, 20-31, 35, 50, 54,
56, 73,110,115,124-27; perception of as
dangerous, 21, 92; proposal for Jewish
army in, 259, 260; strategic importance
to Britain, 160,175; support of
Polish Jews, 41-42; surge of returning
residents from wartime Poland, 325;
ties to Poland, 22-23; transportation
routes to, 23; wartime life in, 336; and
Yishuv as primary Zionist focus, 165,
271, 272, 333, 336. See also Jewish revolt
in Palestine
Palestine, illegal migration to, 95-102,
129-30,174,185,190, 238-40, 247, 252-53,
258-59, 303-4,337; conditions aboard
ships, 217-18, 239, 37in76; debate on,
212, 217-18, 243-50; Italian support
for, 101; as moral imperative, 338;
number of migrants, 100, 221, 222-23,
372nioo; organization of, 213-14; Polish
support of, 95,100; and poor-quality
settlers, 96, 97,102, 219, 248, 371-72^0;
success rate of, 99; as tactic to break
British quotas, 98,100,152-53, 200,
206-7, 209-22, 243-44, 245, 248-49, 255;
violence against British forces, 245-46;
window of opportunity for, 219
Palestine, Jewish migration to: antisemitic
backlash at closure of, 76-77, 80, 206,
354n53; Arabs resistance to, 21,44-46;
from Austria, 95; Evian Conference
and, 137,141-42,143; fifth wave, 125;
fourth wave, 19; funding of, 80-81;
German views on, 155, 36mn8; from
Germany, 114,115,119,127,136,158-59;
Index 405
and hope of saving European Jews, 193,
254-55; mass migration, opponents of,
19-20, 53, 73-74,115; Nazi views on, 35,
138; and new settlements, 205; number
of migrants, 72, 73; by Polish Jews,
xvii-xviii, 10-12,19-25, 31, 43-44, 50-55,
63-64, 69, 72-74, 92; and St. James
Conference, 184-85,186,189; under
White Paper plan, 209. See also Britain,
and Jewish migration to Palestine
Partition Plan: Arabs and, 75, 76,77, 78, 79,
82, 91-92; British Parliament s debate
on, 78; British rejection of, 71, 89-90,
98,143,147,152,155,157,158; criticisms
of, 69-70; and flagging of British
will, 91-94; and foreclosure of mass
migration, 76-77, 80, 85, 86-87, 354n53;
and hopes for Jewish state, 66; Jewish
reactions to, 73-82; Jewish reactions to
rejection of, 152,157; League of Nations
on, 90; lobbying of British on, 157-60,
162-63; migration quotas and, 75; Peel
Commission and, 71; and Polish-Jewish
cooperation, 57; Polish views on, 79,
90; practical issues raised by, 78-82;
publication of, 67, 69, 74-76; Revi-
sionists and, 53, 79-80, 87; transfer
clause” in, 77, 84; transition period in,
70, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85; 20th Zionist
Congress debate on, 83-88; 21st Zionist
Congress debate on, 246
Peel Commission, 18, 71, 72-73, 98,126,159,
3471183,3541152
Pilsudski, Jozef, 1-9,14-19, 37,326, 344114,
345ni4
Poland: assumed military power of, 168,
271, 276, 278-81, 304, 305, 309, 312, 331,
335; British commitment to defend,
229, 254, 260; and Czechoslovakia,
165,167; delegates to 21st Zionist
Congress, 234; dependence on Britain,
55, 65; eve-of-war life in, 294-98;
German-Soviet agreement to divide,
226-30,329; international position in
1930s, 65; Non-Aggression Pact with
Germany, 14,15,48,197; tensions with
Germany, 60
Poland, German invasion of, xv, 225-26,
253-54, 270, 272, 273, 277, 279, 282,
298-305, 310-12; ability to foresee,
xii-xvi, xix; casualties in, 312, 329; as
disaster for Jews, 312-13; forcing of
Jews across Soviet border, 326, 329;
German attacks on refugees, 306,
307, 309, 315, 317,319,322, 323; and
Lublin ghetto, 326-27; and Polish anti-
semitism, 311,313,315, 316,317, 322, 328;
refugees flight from, 305-26, 329, 330;
speed of, xii, xiii, 304,337; targeting of
Jews in, 315,317, 318
Poland s efforts to remove Jews, 4, 9,18,
346n39; Brandstaetter satire on, 49-50;
British White Paper and, 208; Évian
Conference and, 137-38,155; and fear
of larger refugee crisis to come, 140;
impracticality of, 31, 53, 54, 56, 66,
92; intensification of, 38, 92; Jewish
cooperation with, 10-11,12-13,19, 28,
4i, 53, 57, 64, 332-33; Palestine and,
48-49, 204, 206; Partition Plan and, 75,
155; reasons for, 52-53; restrictions on
capital transfers and, 50, 54; search for
destinations, 49-50, 52-53
Polish Jews: attachment to Poland, 330;
and civil rights, 14, 24-25,42, 60,331;
and defense of Poland, xv, 292-93,
297-98, 300,309, 311, 312, 314, 328;
Evacuation Plan for, xii, 21, 36, 51,
55-56, 66; and Évian Conference,
137-38; flight from German invasion,
305-26; German deportation of, 59-64;
and impending danger, views on,
14; middle class, lifestyles of, 30-31;
migration to Palestine, xvii-xviii,
10-12,19-25,31, 50-55, 63-64, 69,72-74,
92; in Polish Army, Nazi execution of,
329; Polish debate on, 3-4; and Polish
life, involvement in, 6-7,14,18, 21, 25,
29-32, 38, 62,345^37; population, xvii,
3; prewar emigration of, xi-xii, xvii,
406 Index
4» 9, 18» 24, 38, 204, 211, 252-53, 302,
337» 343-44n22, 3461139; protests by, 33,
40; relative security in 1939,13, 28; ties
to Palestine, 22-23; and 21st Zionist
Congress, 251; violence against, 32-34,
39-44, 35oni83; and Zionism, xviii, 26.
See also antisemitism in Poland
Revisionist Zionist movement: achieve-
ments of, 214, 337; belief in Jewish
moral power, 121, 279-80; Ben-Gurion
and, 26-27; and boycott of German
goods, 121,123-24, 274; criticisms of,
106,112,119, 251, 257; on German Jews,
and Zionism, 104-5; on Hitler, 80; and
Jewish revolt in Palestine, 206-7, 221,
293-94; and migration to Palestine,
50-52, 98-101,145-46, 216, 217, 222, 337,
37i-72n8o; on Nazism, 116,120; and
NZO, xii; and Partition Plan, 53,79-80,
87, 89; on Pilsudski, 7, 8; on Polish
military power, 279; Polish support
for, 55; on possibility of war, 272-73,
274; support for expanded Jewish
state, 79-80, 89, 337; and Transfer
Agreement, 123-24; on 21st Zionist
Congress, 237
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 154,166, 226-28,
253,312,329
Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 226-30, 253,
272, 278,335-36
Ringelblum, Emanuel, xv, 59, 61, 63, 234,
236, 256, 263-64, 285,301,310,328
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 130,132,137,139,
143» 154» 208, 263, 296, 297, 299,331-32
Ruppin, Arthur, 34-35» 46, 76, 79» 85-86,
88,103,113,115,130,136,141,143,149-50,
160,172,189,197» 231-32, 237, 287
St. James Conference (1939), 161,175-92;
and British need for Arab support, 176,
177,191; Zionist defeat at, 35, 36,158,
164,169
Shertok (Sharett), Moshe: on Arab
unrest, 91,146; on Britain, 193-94,
250-51; and British White Paper, 199,
205; fear for European Jews, 260; fear
of British betrayal, 164-65, 208; and
Jewish migration from Europe, xviii,
115, 200, 338; and Jewish migration to
Palestine, 50,371-72^0; and League
of Nations, 90,132; on Nazism, 106;
on Palestine and European war, 336;
and Partition Plan, 76, 93,152; on Peel
Commission, 74; on Polish Jews, 35~36;
on Polish Zionism, 35-36; on possibility
of war, 272; on preparations for war,
159; and prewar antisemitism, 35;
proposal for Jewish army in Palestine,
259, 260; and St. James Conference,
169,178-80,183-87,189-92,195; on
state of Yishuv in 1939,338-39; and
20th Zionist Congress, 84, 85; and 21st
Zionist Congress, 231, 250-51, 285; on
Weizmann, 190
Shprintzak, Josef, 152,191, 231, 235, 241, 256
Slovakia, German absorption of, 166,167
Soviet Union: execution of Polish
prisoners, 286; Nazi forcing of Polish
Jews into, 326,329; Non-Aggression
Pact with Germany, 226-30, 253, 272,
278, 335-36; Polish Jews fear of, 325,
327, 329
Stalin, Josef, 226, 227,329
Strasman, Henryk, 57, 258, 301, 38H160
Strasman (Lubinsky), Ila (Lilka), 57, 258,
300-301, 38m6o
Sudetenland, German annexation of,
163-66
Syrkin, Marie, 245, 249, 263, 266, 287-88
Tabenkin, Yitzhak, 35, 68, 83, 94,157,
176-77» 212,335
Transfer Agreement with Germany,
123-26
Treaty of Versailles, 14, 65, 80,103, 270
United States: British White Paper and,
208; and Jewish refugees, xvii, 11, 61,
127,128,132,133,134, 200, 286,331-32
Index 407
Ussishkin, Menachem, 85, 86,115-16,
141-42,152,179,183, 213, 246, 263-65
von Weisl, Wolfgang (Binyamin Zeev),
xii-xiii, 95, 99, 274
Weizmann, Chaim: on Britain, Jewish
relationship with, 194,195, 240-41,
244, 249, 333, 384n7; and British White
Paper, 199, 240-41, 244; on Chamber-
lain, 164; departure from England, 193,
194; and Évian Conference, 142-43;
expectations for Jewish persecution,
13; on fall of Czechoslovakia, 169; fear
of British betrayal, 162-63,164; on
foreclosure of Jewish options, 142-43;
on German Jews migration, 104; on
German vs. Polish persecution, 347^3;
on Hitler, 106-7; and Jewish migration
to Palestine, xviii, 73, 94,143,146-47.
150,164-65,193,195,196,199, 210, 239,
334-35; and Jewish support for Poland,
65; on land speculation in Palestine, 84;
at League of Nations, 237; and Partition
Plan, 73,76, 79, 81, 83-84, 92, 93,143»
162-63; and Peel Commission, 18, 72,
126,347n83; on possibility of war, xiv,
178, 271; on prewar antisemitism, 18,
37; retirement thoughts, 177,240; and
St. James Conference, 178-82,184-87,
189-91,194-95,196, 368ni67; and 20th
Zionist Congress, 83-84; and 21st
Zionist Congress, 230, 239, 240-42,
242-43, 244, 249, 256, 262-63, 267; and
Zionist movement, 333
White Paper: Arab response to, 205;
Jewish responses to, 196, 203-22,
333; League of Nations on, 237-38;
opposition in Parliament to, 208, 209,
238; Poland and, 57,153,155; principles
underlying, 208-9; as topic at 21st
Zionist Congress, 158, 224-25, 230, 233,
240-41, 243-44, 246-50, 254-55, 258, 265
Winterton, Lord, 135,136,139,142,196-97,
201
Woodhead Commission, 147,152,157,159
Zionist Congress, 20th (Zurich, 1937),
82-89
Zionist Congress, 21st (Geneva, 1939),
xiv-xv, 13, 20, 224-25, 230-37, 239-53,
254-58, 262-69; on Britain, Jewish
relationship with, 240-41, 243-46,
249-51; debate on White Paper, 224-25,
230, 233, 240-41, 243-44, 246-50,
254-55, 258, 265; early departures from,
262, 263-64, 266, 284-86; futility of,
225, 236, 242-43, 257, 266, 268-69; and
shadow of war, 224, 225, 230, 255-57,
262-69, 283-84
Zionist movement: and boycott of
German goods, 123-24; conflict with
anti-Zionists, 26; conflict within,
26-28, 225; cooperation with Poland
on migration, 10,12-13, 19, 28, 41; and
Evian Conference, 132; growth of,
25-26; limited influence of, 338; and
mass migration, impracticality of, 31,
53, 54, 56, 66, 92, 332; Partition Plan
and, 70-72; range of programs, 26; and
refugees, fear of scattering, 126,127; in
Warsaw, Shertok on, 35-36; Yishuv as
primary focus of, 165, 271, 272, 333, 336
Zionist Organization, 9,46,90
408 Index
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Raynharts, Yehudah 1944- Shaviṭ, Yaʿaḳov 1944- |
| author2 | Sapir, Michal |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | m s ms |
| author_GND | (DE-588)109875842 (DE-588)103221271 (DE-588)1173114742 |
| author_facet | Raynharts, Yehudah 1944- Shaviṭ, Yaʿaḳov 1944- Sapir, Michal |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Raynharts, Yehudah 1944- |
| author_variant | y r yr y s ys |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044698704 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DS134 |
| callnumber-raw | DS134.55 |
| callnumber-search | DS134.55 |
| callnumber-sort | DS 3134.55 |
| callnumber-subject | DS - Asia |
| classification_rvk | NQ 4695 NY 4770 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1028635108 (DE-599)BVBBV044698704 |
| dewey-full | 305.892/4043809043 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.892/4043809043 |
| dewey-search | 305.892/4043809043 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.892 104043809043 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1933-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1933-1939 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV044698704 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:59:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781512601534 9781684580071 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017035956 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030095481 |
| oclc_num | 1028635108 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 DE-384 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 DE-384 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xix, 408 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190830 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Brandeis University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The Tauber Institute series for the study of European Jewry |
| spelling | Raynharts, Yehudah 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)109875842 aut Derekh le-September 1939 The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ; translated by Michal Sapir Waltham, Massachusetts Brandeis University Press [2018] © 2018 xix, 408 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Tauber Institute series for the study of European Jewry Originally published in Hebrew in 2013 as "Haderekh leseptember 1939: Hayishuv, yehudei plin, vehatenuah hazionit erev milhemet ha'olam hashniyah" (Tel Aviv: Am Oved Publishers). - Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Geschichte 1933-1939 gnd rswk-swf Jews Poland History 20th century Jews Europe History 20th century Zionism Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Poland Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd rswk-swf Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Jischuw (DE-588)4478755-8 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 s Jischuw (DE-588)4478755-8 s Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 s Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Geschichte 1933-1939 z DE-604 Shaviṭ, Yaʿaḳov 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)103221271 aut Sapir, Michal (DE-588)1173114742 trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB, MOBI, & PDF 978-1-5126-0154-1 https://www.recensio.net/r/29ce10dd222d432d9feca324b1d19c9b rezensiert in: Einsicht. Bulletin des Fritz Bauer Instituts, 2020, S. 97 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Raynharts, Yehudah 1944- Shaviṭ, Yaʿaḳov 1944- The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II Jews Poland History 20th century Jews Europe History 20th century Zionism Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Poland Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Jischuw (DE-588)4478755-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4003920-1 (DE-588)4067864-7 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4478755-8 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II |
| title_alt | Derekh le-September 1939 |
| title_auth | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II |
| title_exact_search | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II |
| title_full | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ; translated by Michal Sapir |
| title_fullStr | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ; translated by Michal Sapir |
| title_full_unstemmed | The road to September 1939 Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II Jehuda Reinharz and Yaacov Shavit ; translated by Michal Sapir |
| title_short | The road to September 1939 |
| title_sort | the road to september 1939 polish jews zionists and the yishuv on the eve of world war ii |
| title_sub | Polish Jews, Zionists, and the Yishuv on the eve of World War II |
| topic | Jews Poland History 20th century Jews Europe History 20th century Zionism Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Poland Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Jischuw (DE-588)4478755-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jews Poland History 20th century Jews Europe History 20th century Zionism Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Poland Internationale Politik Auswanderung Zionismus Juden Jischuw Polen |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/29ce10dd222d432d9feca324b1d19c9b http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030095481&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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