A history of the Baltic states:
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been the battleground for neighbouring powers and the site of intense rivalry, but also interaction, between East and West. 'A History of the Baltic States' masterfully traces the development of these three Baltic countries, from the northern crusades aga...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London
Palgrave
2018
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| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave essential histories
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been the battleground for neighbouring powers and the site of intense rivalry, but also interaction, between East and West. 'A History of the Baltic States' masterfully traces the development of these three Baltic countries, from the northern crusades against Europe's last pagans, and Lithuania's rise to become one of medieval Europe's largest states, to their incorporation into the Russian Empire and the creation of their modern national identities.This brand new edition of a prizewinning text brings the story up to the present day, incorporating both the latest events and the most recent scholarship |
| Beschreibung: | x, 234 Seiten Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781137573643 9781137573650 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of Maps and Tables vii
Preface viii
1 Europe’s Last Pagans 1
Early Inhabitants 1
Prehistoric Societies 5
The Northern Crusades 10
2 Lithuania’s Expansion and Medieval Livonia (1290-1560) 18
Lithuania Ascending 18
Jogaila and Vytautas 21
The Jagiellonians 24
Feudal Livonia 28
Towns, Trade and the Peasantry 32
The Reformation and the Disintegration of Livonia 35
3 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Rise of Sweden
and Russia (1561-1795) 39
The Polish-Lithuanian Union and the Struggle for Hegemony in Livonia 39
Swedish Dominance and the Great Northern War 46
Russia s Window to the West 50
The Decline and Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 56
4 The Long Nineteenth Century under Tsarist Rule (1795-1917) 62
Agrarian Reforms in the Baltic Provinces 62
Lithuania within the Russian Empire 65
National Awakenings 68
Russification and Modernisation 75
The Revolution of 1905 and World War I 81
5 The Short Era of Independence (1917-1939) 87
The Russian Revolution and German Occupation 87
The Wars of Independence 91
From Democracy to Authoritarianism 96
vi Contents
Economic, Social and Cultural Progress 102
In Search of Security 108
6 Between Hammer and Anvil (1939-1953) 113
Soviet Annexation 113
Nazi Ostland 119
Fighting in Foreign Uniform 124
Resistance, Repression and Collectivisation 128
7 Soviet Rule (1953-1991) 134
Thaw 134
Stagnation 137
The Singing Revolution 147
Towards Independence 151
8 Return to the West (1991-2016) 157
Building Democracy 157
Politics in the Twenty-First Century 161
Economic Reforms 164
Societal Transition 167
European Integration 171
Relations with Russia 176
Notes 181
Chronology 202
Place Names 206
Further Reading 208
Index 223
Index
Abrene, 127
Academia Gustaviana, 47, 50
see also University of Tartu
Act of Kedainiai, 45
Act of Kreva (Krewo), 22
Acts of Horodio, 23
Adamkus, Valdas, 160,163
Afghanistan, 144,176
agriculture, 1, 3,4, 6,104,142
see also collectivisation, land reform,
peasantry
Alexander (King of Poland), 27
Alexander I, 62-3
Alexander II, 65, 68-9
Alexander III, 75
Alexander Nevsky, 15
Alexander School, 71
Alexis, 45
Alexius II (Patriarch), 139
Algirdas, 21
Allik, Hendrik, 131
Alunäns, Juris, 70-1
Ambrazevicius, Juozas, 120
Ammende, Ewald, 106
Ancylus Lake, 2
Andropov, Yuri, 137,144
Andrusovo, Peace of, 46
Angelus, Oskar, 124
Anglo-German naval agreement, 110
Anna (Empress of Russia), 51, 57
Ansip, Andrus, 162
Anvelt, Jaan, 92
Aräjs, Viktors, 123
Archbishop of Lund, 10, 31
Archbishop of Riga, 14,16, 20, 28, 31, 35
see also Buxhoevden, Albert von
Aspazija (Elza Rozenberga), 77
Atlantic Charter, 126
Augstasgudribas gramata no pasuales un
dab as, 55
Augustus II, 48-9, 57
Augustus III, 57
Aukstaitians, 5,16
Auschwitz, 123
Auseklis, 77
Ausra, 74, 78, 80
Austria, 39, 58-60,122
Baer, Karl Ernst von, 51
Baltic Appeal, 140
Baltic Assembly, 150,171
Baltic Council of Ministers, 150,171
Baltic Entente, 110
Baltic Germans, 51, 54, 64, 72, 75-8, 83,
84, 90,103,106-8,115,122,128
Baltic German nobility, see Ritterschaften
Baltic Ice Lake, 2
Baltic languages, viii, 3
Baltic Sea, viii, ix, 1, 2, 5, 8-10, 23, 33,
46, 50, 65,110,114-15,127,143,
172,174,178
Balts (Indo-European tribe), 1, 3-5
Barclay de Tolly, Michael, 63
Barons, Krisjanis, 71
Baryshnikov, Mikhail, 146
Basanavicius, Jonas, 74, 83
Belarus, 6,19, 59,120-1,123-4,128,
142,177
Belarusians, 44, 74, 79
Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von, 51
Beria, Lavrenty, 129
Berldavs, Eduards, 135,150
Berlin, Isaiah, 81
Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel, 94
223
224 Index
Bërziné, Andris (prime minister), 160
Berzins, Andris (president), 163
Berzins, Jänis, 108
The Bible, 35, 51,53
Bishop of Üxküll, 11
Black Plague, 23
Black Rus’, 9,16
Black Sea, 23
Blaumanis, Rudolfs, 77
Bloze, Vytautas, 146
Bolsheviks, 88-96,103,108,117,119,
123,138
Bona Sforza, 27
Brazauskas, Algirdas, 149,151,158,160,
163
Brendenken, Christoph, 69
Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty, 89, 92
Brodsky, Joseph, 137
Bronze Age, 1, 4
Brotze, Johann Christoph, 65
Bund (General Jewish Labour Union of
Lithuania, Poland and Russia), 82
Butkevicius, Algirdas, 164
Buxhoevden, Albert von, 11
Buxhoevden, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 63
Buxhoevden, Hermann von, 28
Byzantium, 9
Cakste, Jänis, 84, 91, 97
Calvinism, 36, 45
Casimir IV, 25, 26, 28
Caspian Sea, 9
Catherine I, 51
Catherine II (the Great), 54, 57, 60, 76
Catholicism, 20-22-4, 26, 35, 36, 42-5,
57, 70, 73, 74, 77, 79, 90, 98,102,
129-130,139,149,170
Caupo, 12,13
Central Council of Latvia, 126
Cêsis (Wenden), 30, 93
Charles IX, 42
Charles X, 44-5
Charles XI, 47-8
Charles XII, 48-9
Charles of Moravia, 20
Cheka, 82, 92
Chernenko, Konstantin, 137
Chernobyl, 144, 147
Chodkiewicz, Jan Karol, 42
Christianisation, 9,10,17, 22, 26, 29-30,
36, 40
Christianity, 9,10,17-20, 22, 26, 27, 30, 53
see also under specific entries
Christina, 47
Chronicle of Livonia, 11,13
Chronicle of the Catholic Church in
Lithuania, 139
Churchill, Winston, 126
Cimze, Janis, 71
Cistercian Order, 30
Ciurlionis, Mikalojus, 78
Cold War, ix, 105,129,147
collective farms, see collectivisation
collectivisation, 93,118,132-3,136,142,
165
colonisation, 15, 28-9, 32, 79, 91,121-2
Comb Ware Culture, 3
Committee of Estonia, 152
Communist parties,
see under individual countries
Confederation of Targowica, 58
Congress of Estonia, 152
Conrad (Duke of Mazovia), 15
Constantinople, 9, 27
Corded Ware Culture, 3
Cossacks, 44
Council of Baltic Sea States, 172
Council of Europe, 174,179
Council of Lithuania, see Taryba
Council of the Lithuanian Freedom
Fighters, 128
Counter-Reformation, 42-3, 45
Courland, 44-5, 50-1, 55, 57, 60, 63-5, 70,
75-6, 79,82, 84-5,89,90,94,126
Duchy of Courland, 42-3, 57, 60
Bishopric of Courland, 43-4
Index 225
Cracow, 22, 26, 35,40, 44
Crimea, 65, 68
Crimean War, 72, 75
Curonians, 6, 8-10,12,14-17
Cyprus, 173
Czech Republic, 173
Czechoslovakia, 101,112, 122,137
Dachau, 123
Dankers, Oskars, 120
Dannebrog, 13
Daugava river, 1, 3, 5-7, 9,11-12, 38,
85,147
Daugavpils, 80,122, 128,180
Dekanozov, Vladimir, 116
Denmark, viii, 2,10,13,15, 28, 31, 33,
44,48,172
deportations, 113,119,130,133,147
Die Letten, 55
Dmitry Donskoi, 22
Dnieper river, 5, 9
Dombrovskis, Valdis, 163
Dominicans, 30
Dorpat, see Tartu
Drang nach Osten, 15
Duma, 84
Dünamünde, 30
Durbe, Battle of, 16
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 82
East Prussia, 68, 69, 73, 74, 80, 85, 94,
109,115,127
education, 46, 47, 58, 60, 65, 70, 74,
76, 77, 87,105,107,120 see also
schools
Eisenstein, Mikhail, 81
Eisenstein, Sergei, 81
Elizabeth of Habsburg, 26
emigration, 62, 75, 79, 80, 83,131,167
Emsis, Indulis, 162
Enlightenment, 55, 62, 69
Entente powers, 90—2, 94—6
Eric XIV, 37
Ermes, Battle of, 37
Erzberger, Matthias, 90
Estland, ix, x, 41-3, 46-53, 55, 60, 62-5,
68, 76, 79, 87, 90, 91
Estonian Citizens Committees, 151-2
Estonian Constituent Assembly, 96,103,
157
Estonian cultural autonomy law, 107
Estonian Heritage Society, 148,151
Estonian Learned Society, 69, 70
Estonian National Committee, 121,126
Estonian political parties
Centre Party, 159,160,162
Coalition Party, 159
Communist Party, 97,117-18,131,
137,139,140,148,151,153
Farmers’ Union, 97
Fatherland Union, 100
National Independence Party, 150,
152
New Farmers, 97
People’s Party, 97
Pro Patria, 158-9
Pro Patria and Res Publica Union, 162
Reform Party, 159,161-2
Res Publica, 161-2
Social Democrats, 159,162
Estonian Popular Front in Support of
Perestroika, 148-50,152
Estonian Provincial Assembly, 88-90, 92
Estonian Provisional Government, 91
Estonian Salvation Committee, 89
European Parliament, 169,179
European Union (EU), ix, 157,160,
166-8,172-8,180
eurozone, 174-5
Faehlmann, Friedrich, 70
famine, 39, 45, 49, 50, 52, 79, 80
farming, see agriculture
Fellin, see Viljandi
Feodor, 44
Ferdinand (Duke of Courland), 57
226 Index
feudalism, 18, 28, 30, 33, 37
Finland, ix, 3,10,13, 30, 63, 77,101,
113-6,126,127,137,167,172,175,
178
Finnic tribes, 3, 5-7 see also
Finno-Ugrians
Finno-Ugrians, 4 see also Finnic tribes
First Northern War, 38-41
Fölkersahm, Hamilkar von, 64
forest brothers, 128,129
Forselius, Bengt, 47
France, 20, 41, 63, 65, 90, 96,109,113,
122
Franciscans, 30
Frederick II, 37
Frederick IV, 48
Frederick Augustus, 48, 57
Freikorps, 91, 93, 94
French Revolution, 60, 62
Friedman, Milton, 165
Friedrich (Duke of Courland), 43
Friedrich Wilhelm (Duke of Courland), 57
Fulco, 10
Galich-Volynia, 21
Gaon of Vilna (Eliahu ben Shlomo
Zalman), 61
Garlieb, Merkel, 55
Geda, Sigitas, 146
Gediminas, 19-21, 24, 70
Gediminian dynasty, 19-21
Gedvilas, Mecys, 118
General Jewish Labour Union of
Lithuania, Poland and Russia, see
Bund
Generalplan Ost, 122
Geneva, 106,109
Georgia, 174,177
Germania, 5
Germanisation, 76
German occupation
World War I, 89-91,94
World War II, 119-26,132
Germany, 11,14, 17, 20, 33, 55, 75, 85,
87, 89-92, 94-6,101,104,106,
109,110,112-16,121-2,125-7,
157-8,167, 175,178 see also Nazi
Germany
glasnost, 147
Godmanis, Ivars, 152,162,163
Golden Horde, 22,23 see also Mongol
Tatars
Goldingen, 15, 33
Goldman, Emma, 80
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 134,147-156
Gorbunovs, Anatolijs, 149,152
Gotland, 10,11
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 16-28, 39-45,
50, 54, 60, 65
Great Britain, 96,104,126,129
Great Guild, 32
Great Northern War, 39, 48-50, 52, 69
Grinius, Kazys, 98
GriSkevicius, Petras, 138
Grybauskaite, Dalia, 164
Guild of the Blackheads, 32
gulag, 119,134,147
Gulag Archipelago, 136
Gulf of Finland, 9,46, 50,120,125,178
Gulf of Riga, viii, 6
Gustav II Adolf, 43, 46
Habsburgs, 22, 27, 41
Hanseatic League, 18,19, 33-4
Harrien (Harjumaa), 42
Hartknoch, Johann Friedrich, 55
Hasselblatt, Werner, 107
Heifetz, Jascha, 80
Henrican Articles, 41
Henricus (of Livonia), 11,13
Henry (Duke of Bavaria), 20
Henry IV, 20
Henry the Lion (Duke of Saxony), 10
Henry Valois, 41
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 55
Herder Institute, 108
Index 227
Hermhuter movement, 53
Himmler, Heinrich, 122
Hitler, Adolf, 109,112-15,119,121,
124-5
Hohenzollem, Albert von, 36, 38
Holm, 13
Holocaust, 122-3,128
Holy Land, 12,15
Holy Roman Empire, 28, 36
Hroch, Miroslav, 68
Hungarian uprising, 129
Hungary, 26,173
Hupei, August Wilhelm, 55
Hurt, Jakob, 71-2
Ignalina nuclear power plant, 142,147,
173,178
Ilmjarv, Magnus, 116
lives, Toomas Hendrik, 162
Indo-Europeans, viii, 1, 3
industrialisation, 54, 62, 80-1, 83, 88,
104-5,141
Inflanty (Polish Livonia), 38, 42-3, 58, 65
see also Latgale
International Fronts (Interfronts), 153
International Monetary Fund (IMF),
164-5,167
Iraq, 176
Iron Age, 1, 3-8
Early Iron Age, 4
Late Iron Age, 1, 6
Roman Iron Age, 5, 6
Iron Wolf, 102
Ivan III, 27-8, 37
Ivan IV (the Terrible), 37, 39-41
Ivangorod, 37
Ivans, Dainis, 149
Jacob (Duke of Courland), 44-5
Jadwiga, 22
Jagiellonian dynasty, 22, 24, 26-8, 39, 41
Jagiellonian University, 35
Jakobson, Carl Robert, 72
Jannsen, Johann Voldemar, 72
Jansons-Brauns, Jänis, 82
Jasinski, Jakub, 60
Jeckeln, Friedrich, 122
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 130,170
Jelgava (Mitau), 57,128
Jersika, 7, 9,11
Jerwen (Järvamaa), 42
Jesuits, 42, 45, 58
Jews, 19, 23-4, 44,60-1, 66, 68, 74-5,
80, 82, 85, 97-8,100,106-8,113,
122-4,128,146
Jogaila, 21-5
John 1,13
John II Casimir, 56
John III (King of Sweden), 42
John Albert, 26-7
John of Bohemia, 20
Jolson, Al, 80
Jungingen, Ulrich von, 23
Jurmala, 137
Käbin, Johannes, 131,138
Kalanta, Romas, 140
Kalevala, 70
Kalevipoeg, 77
Kalinin, Mikhail, 82
Kaliningrad, 6,127,176-7 see also
Königsberg
Kalinowski, Konstanty, 68
Kallas, Siim, 159
Kalnberzins, Jänis, 118
Kalnins, Pauls, 100,121
Kalvitis, Aigars, 162
Kant, Immanuel, 55
Karbauskas, Ramünas, 164
Karelia, 127
Karotamm, Nikolai, 131
Kaudzite, Matiss, 77
Kaudzite, Reims, 77
Kaunas (Kovno), 65, 81, 84-5, 93, 98,
105,110,112,116-17,120,122-3,
140,156,178
228 Index
Kernave, 7,16
Kestutis, 21-2
Kettler, Gotthard (Duke of Courland),
37-8, 43
KGB, 138-9,169 see also NKVD
Khrushchev, Nikita, 134-5,137,147
Kiev, 9, 20-2,46
Kirchholm, Battle of, 42
Kirhensteins, Augusts, 117
Kirkilas, Gediminas, 164
Klaipeda (Memel), 15, 23,106,108-10,
112,127-8,139,178
Klauson, Valter, 138
Knights Templar, 12
Knopken, Andreas, 36
Koidula, Lydia, 77
Koknese, 11, 33
Köler, Johann, 72
Komsomol, 130,144
Königsberg, viii, 33, 35-6, 55, 85,127 see
also Kaliningrad
Konrad Wallenrod, 66
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 60
Kotzebue, August von, 51
Kovno, see Kaunas
Krakow, see Cracow
Krastkalns, Andrejs, 87
Kreenholm Cotton Manufacture, 81
Kremer, Gidon, 146
Kreutzwald, Friedrich, 70
Kreve-Mickevicius, Vincas, 105,117
Kross, Jaan, 146
Krümins, Vilis, 135
Krusenstem, Adam Johann von, 51
Kruus, Hans, 117
Kubiliünas, Petras, 120
Kubilius, Andrius, 164
Kudnskis, Maris, 163
Kudirka, Simas, 140
Kudirka, Vincas, 74-5
Kuldiga, see Goldingen
Kulikovo, Battle of, 22
Kunda Culture, 3
Kurelis, Janis, 126
Kurland, see Courland
Kviesis, Alberts, 101
Laar, Mart, 158-9,165
Lads, Martins, 92
Lads, Vilis, 118
Lacplesis, 70
Laidoner, Johan, 93,100
Laikmaa, Ants, 78
Lake Ladoga, 9
Lake Peipus, 1,15
Landesstaat, 46
Landeswehr, 91
land reform, 83, 97,102,103,132 see
also agriculture, collectivisation,
peasantry
Landsbergis, Vytautas, 149,152,158,160
Landtage, 31, 34,46, 52, 54, 63, 76, 88
Lapua movement, 99
Latgale, 43, 65, 77, 79, 84, 89, 93, 95 see
also Inflanty
Latvian Environmental Protection Club,
148
Latvian Legion, 124-5
Latvian Literary Society, 69
Latvian National Council, 91
Latvian National Independence
Movement, 150
Latvian National Salvation Committee,
154
Latvian political parties
Communist Party, 106,128,129-30,
144,147-8,151,158,162-3,165,
167-8
Democratic Centre Party, 97
Democratic Party Saimnieks, 160
Farmers’ Union, 97
Greens and Farmers’ Union, 163
Harmony Centre Party, 163
Latvian Social Democratic Workers’
Party, 82
Latvia’s Way, 159-60
Index 229
New Era, 162-3
New Farmers, 97
People s Party, 160
Latvian Popular Front, 149-50,152,159
Latvian Provisional National Council,
88, 90
Latvian tribes, 6, 9,19,20
Latviesu Avizes, 69
Lauristin, Johannes, 118
League of Nations, 108-10
Lebensraum, 121
Leitans, Ansis, 69
Lembitu, 13
Lemsal, 33
Lenin, Vladimir, 88-90,92,94,142,144-5
Leningrad, see St Petersburg
Letter of Forty, 140
Lettigallians, 5, 6, 9,11-13
Lieven, Anatol, 149
Life of Saint Ansgar, 8
Lisbon Treaty, 174
literacy, 36, 53, 69, 77
Lithuanian Activists’ Front (LAF), 120
Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR (Litbel), 93
Lithuanian Freedom League, 149-50
Lithuanian Jewish Council, 60
Lithuanian Learned Society, 69
Lithuanian Literary Society, 69
Lithuanian magnates, 26, 35, 39,44-5,
56-7 see also Lithuanian nobility
Lithuanian National Salvation
Committee, 169
Lithuanian nobility, 18, 25,40-2,49, 56
see also Lithuanian magnates
Lithuanian political parties
Christian Democrats, 98-9
Communist Party, 117,135,138,141,
148,151
Homeland Union-Lithuanian
Conservatives, 160,164
Labour Party, 163-4
Populists, 98-9
Social Democratic Workers’ Party, 82
Social Democrats, 164
Tautininkai (Nationalist Union), 98,
102
Union of Farmers and Greens, 164
Lithuanian Popular Front, see Sqjüdis
Lithuanian Provisional Government, 91,
103,120
Lithuanian Statutes, 27,41, 66
Livland, 12,42-3,45-55, 60, 62-5, 68,
70, 75-6, 79, 81-2, 87-92, 95
see also Livonia
Livland Provincial Assembly, 88
Livonia, 11-13,15-18, 20-1,23, 28-43,
46, 65 see also Inflanty, Livland
Livonian Confederation, 18, 32, 37,46
Livonian War, see First Northern War
Livs, 3, 5-6, 9,11-13,106
Lohse, Hinrich, 120,124
Lotman, Yuri, 136
Low Countries, 20, 33, 34
Lübeck, 10-11, 32-4
Luftwaffe, 127
Lukashenko, Alexander, 177
Lüneburg, 33
Luther, Martin, 35-6, 46
Lutheran Church, see Lutheranism
Lutheranism, 36-7,42-4,46, 50-1, 53,
69, 71, 79,139,170
Mackevicius, Ant anas, 68
Mäe, Hjalmar, 120
Magdalen-Ahrensburgian Culture, 2
Magnus (Duke of Holstein), 37, 41
Maironis, 78
Majas Viesis, 69-70
Malta, 173
Manasein, Nikolai, 75-6
Maniusis, Juozas, 138
Marienburg, 15, 23, 51
Marijampole Gymnasium, 74
Martinaitis, Marcelijus, 146
Meinhard (Bishop of Üxküll), 11
Melnik Act, 27
230 Index
Melno, Peace of, 23
Memel, see Klaipeda
Meri, Lennart, 158-60,173
Merkys, Antanas, 116
Mernieku laiki, 77
Mesolithic, see Stone Age
Mickevicius-Kapsukas, Vincas, 92
Mickiewicz, Adam, 66
Mindaugas, 16-19, 70
Mindaugas II, 90
Minsk, 18, 66
Mitau, see Jelgava
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 113,147,150-1
Moldova, 49,113,174
Mongol Tatars, 15-16, 21, 23, 28 see also
Golden Horde
Moravian Brethren, see Hermhuter
movement
Moscow, 20-1,43-4, 63, 73-4, 80, 85,
92,110,114-15,118,129,131-2,
134-140,142,148-150,152-6,179
see also Muscovy
Munters, Vilhelms, 114
Murav ev, Mikhail, 68
Muscovy, 20-2, 27-8, 33, 37, 39,40-1,
43-6,49
Mussolini, Benito, 101
Napoleon, 63, 65-6
Narva, 34, 37, 41,46,48, 81, 94,125,
127-8,142,180
Narva Culture, 3
Narva river, 15
Narva-Joesuu, 137
nationalisation, 93,118
NATO, 157,160,172,174-7
naturalisation, 168
Nazi Germany, 101,110,112-16,121-2,
125-7
Nemunas Culture, 3
Nemunas river, 5, 9,16-17
Neolithic, see Stone Age
Neva river, 9, 50
New Current, 81
Nicholas I, 69
Nicholas II, 82, 87
Niedra, Andrievs, 93
NKVD, 119,131
Nord Stream, 178
North-Western Russian White Army, 94
Novgorod, 9,13,15, 28, 33, 37
Novogorodok, 9
Nystad, Peace of, 49
Olaf Tryggvason, 9
Old Believers, 54, 79,139
Oliwa, Peace of, 45
OMON, 154-6
Operation Priboi, 132-3
Ordinari Freytags Post-Zeitung, 69
Organisation for Security and Co-operation
in Europe (OSCE), 174,179
Orthodox Christianity, 9-11,15,19-21,
24, 27,44, 54, 56, 64, 76-7, 79,139
Ösel, see Saaremaa
Ösel-Wiek (Bishopric), 28-9, 42
Ostwald, Wilhelm, 81
Ots, Georg, 146
Pabaiskas, Battle of, 24,32
Pacta Subjectionis, 37
paganism, 19-21, 36, 54
Paksas, Rolandas, 163
Palanga, 137
Paleckis, Justas, 117
Paleolithic, see Stone Age
Pan Tadeu$zy 66
Paris, 66, 90, 92, 96,115
Paris Peace Conference, 92, 96 see also
Versailles Treaty
Pärnu, see Pemau
Part, Arvo, 146
partisans, see forest brothers
Parts, Juhan, 161
Patkul, Johann Reinhold von, 47
Päts, Konstantin, 87, 89, 91, 97, 99,
100-102,104,108,117
Pauli, 54
Index 231
Pauls, Raimonds, 146,160
peasantry, 7,18, 26-9, 34-6,43, 46-8,
50-5, 62-6, 68-9, 73-4, 76, 79-80,
83-4, 93,98,103,105,118,132
Pelse, Arvids, 135,138
Pemau, 33
Perno Postimees, 69
perestroika, 147-9
Peter I (the Great), 48-51, 57, 75-6,114
Peters, Jekabs, 92
Petrograd, see St Petersburg
Petseri (Pechory), 127
Philip of Swabia, 11
Pilsudski, J6zef, 95, 98,109
Pilten (Piltene), 44
Pioneers, 130
Plechavicius, Povilas, 125
Plettenberg, Wolter von, 36-7
Podolia, 21
Poland, 6,18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 40,
48-9, 66, 68, 74, 95,109-10,
113-14,117,127-8,137,139,169,
172-3,176 see also Polish-Lithuania
Commonwealth
Poles, 10,17,19, 23-4,40,43, 45,48, 66,
68, 73-4, 80, 82, 95, 97-8,106,109,
125,128,153,169
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 37,
39-45, 56-61
Polish National Central Committee, 68
Polish-Soviet War, 95
political parties,
see under specific countries
polonisation, 24, 40
Polotsk, 9,13, 40
Poltava, Battle of, 49
Pope Alexander III, 10
Pope Boniface IX, 31
Pope Honorius III, 12
Pope Innocent III, 11,12
Pope Innocent VI, 31
Pope John Paul II, 139
Pope Martin V, 31
Pope Nicholas V, 31
Poska, Jaan, 87-8
Postimees, 83
privatisation, 158-60,165-6
Protestantism, 35-6, 44-5
Prunskiene, Kazimiera, 152
Prussia, 15,21, 23, 28,30, 35-6, 38-9,
58-60, 63,66,68-9, 73-4,80,85,
94,109,115,127 see also East Prussia
Prussians, 5-6,15-17
Pskov, 9,13,15, 37,41
Pugo, Boriss, 138,155
Pukuveras, 19
Pumpurs, Andrejs, 70
Purvltis, Vilhelms, 105
Putin, Vladimir, 177,179
Rabbi Chaim, 61
Radziwiil, Janusz, 45
Radziwitl, Mikolaj, 35
Rainis (Janis Plieksans), 77, 81
Rastrelli, Francesco Bartolomeo, 57
Ratas, Jiiri, 162
Reagan, Ronald, 147
Red Army, 92-5,113-16,118,121-7,
129-131,178
Red Guards, 89
Reformation, 18, 30, 35-7
refugees, 85,106-7,114,127,129,175
religion,
see under specific entries
Rennenkampf, Paul von, 85
Repse, Einars, 162
Reval, see Tallinn
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 112
Riga (Riga), 1,11, 20, 28, 30-6, 38,42-3,
46, 48-9, 52, 54-5, 69, 71-2, 76,
79-83, 85-8, 90-92, 94,100,105,
107-8,116,118,120,122,126,
135,141-2,146-7,149-50,153-4,
156,169,171,174,176,178 see also
Archbishop of Riga
Riga Latvian Association, 71
Riga Latvian House, 71
Riga Poly technical Institute, 81, 85,105
232 Index
Ritterschaften, 46, 51-2, 54, 62-4, 76,
81, 91
Roivas, Taavi, 162
Roma, 123,128
Roman Empire, 5
Romanov dynasty, 50, 75-6, 85,109
Rome, 11-12, 28, 31, 44
Roop (Straupe), 33
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 126
Rosenberg, Alfred, 85,120,124
Rothko, Mark, 80
Rozentals, Janis, 78
Rubenis, Jurijs, 138
Rubiks, Alfreds, 151,169
Rudzutaks, Janis, 108
Rumbula, 122
Runnel, Hando, 145
Rus , 1, 9,12,15-16,19-21, 24, 27, 28,
37
Russia, ix, 3, 5, 46, 48-51, 53-4, 88-90,
92, 94-6,104,106,124,127,130,
135,141
Russian Empire, ix, 39, 50-1, 56-60,
62-9, 73, 75-7, 79-85, 87-9, 92, 96
Russian Federation, 6,127,150,154,
166,168,172,175-80
Soviet Russia, 94-7,104, 106,108,110,
116-17,128,131-2 see also Soviet
Union
Russian civil war, 94-6
Russian Constituent Assembly, 88
Russian minority, 153,167-9,174,176,
178-9
Russian Orthodox Church, see Orthodox
Christianity
Russian Revolution
Revolution of 1905,82-3
Revolution of 1917, 87-8
Russians, 48, 54, 58, 77, 79, 88, 97,
106-7,128,141,144,167,179
see also Russian minority
Russian Social Democratic Workers*
Party, 82
Russian Volunteer Western Army, 94
Russification, 54, 73, 75-9, 83,134,140,
145
Russo-Baltic Wagon Factory, 80
Russo-Japanese War, 65, 82
Russo-Turkish War, 65
Ruthenians (Eastern Slavs), 19, 44
Rüütel, Arnold, 152,159,162
Rzeczpospolita, see Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth
Saaremaa (Ösel), 1, 9,10,12-14,16-17,
30-1, 43, 51
Sqjüdis (Lithuanian Movement for
Perestroika), 149,152,160
Sakala, 13
Sakala, 72
Sakharov, Andrei, 140
Samarin, Yuri, 75
Samogitia, 15-17, 20, 22-4, 26-7,45, 73
Samogitians, 5,14,16-18
Sarbievius, Mathias Casimirus, 42
Säre, Karl, 118
Sauerwein, Georg, 69
Saulé, Battle of, 14
Savisaar, Edgar, 148,152,159,162
Saxony, 10,11, 35, 48, 57
Scalvians, 6
Scandinavia, 1, 2,4, 6-10,112
Schengen regime, 168,174,177
Schiemann, Paul, 106
Schirren, Carl, 75
schools, 46-7, 71, 73-4, 76,83, 98,105,
107,130,143,168-9,172 see also
education
Schwarzenberg, Johann Georg Eisen von,
54
Second Northern War, 39, 44-5
Segodnya, 107
Self-Managing Estonia proposal (IME), 148
Selonians, 6, 9,12
serfdom, 27, 34-5,43,47-8, 52-4, 60,
62-3, 66, 68
Index 233
Siauliai, 122-3,128
Siberia, 68, 79, 83,119,133
Siegerist, Joachim, 160
Sigismund (Holy Roman Emperor), 24
Sigismund (Grand Duke of Lithuania), 24
Sigismund III Vasa, 42-3
Sigismund II Augustus, 27, 36-8, 40-3
Sigismund the Old, 27-8, 36
Sigtuna, 10
Siimann, Mart, 159
Singing Revolution, 134,148-51,153,
159
Sirk, Artur, 99
Skaryna, Francysk, 36
Skele, Andris, 160
Skirgaila, 22
Skirpa, Kazys, 120
Skvemelis, Saulius, 164
Skype, 171
Slovakia, 173
Slovenia, 173
Smetona, Antanas, 95, 98, 99,108-12,
118,122,127,129
Smiglecius, Martinus, 42
Smolensk, 28,43, 46
Smolino, Battle of, 37
Snieckus, Antanas, 118,135,138
Sobieski, Jan, 57
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 136
song festivals, 72,145,148-9
Soros, George, 170
Soviet Baltic Military District, 118,141,
156
Soviet Union, 82, 93, 98,108-10,
112-21,125-8,131,134-51,155-6,
158,169,175,177
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(CPSU), 116-18,131,134-5,138,
148,151,153-5,169
SS Einsatzgruppe A, 122
Stahlecker, Walter, 12
Stalin, Joseph, 108,113-19,126-7,
129-30,132,134-5,144
Stanislaw II Augustus, 57-8
Stefan Batory, 41-2
Stender, Gotthard Friedrich, 55
St George s Night uprising, 30
Stockholm, 10,47,121,137,146
Stolbovo, Peace of, 46
St Petersburg (Petrograd/Leningrad), 6,
46, 50-3, 57, 60, 62, 71-2, 79, 80,
82, 84-5, 87-9,92, 94,136-7,140,
142
Stolypin, Pyotr, 84
Stone Age, 4, 8
Early Stone Age (Paleolithic), 2
Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), 3
New Stone Age (Neolithic), 3
Staujuma, Laimdota, 163
Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, 174
Stucka, Peteris, 81-2, 92
Stulginskis, Aleksandras, 98
Stutthof, 123
Supreme Committee for the Liberation of
Lithuania, 121
Suwalki (Suvalkija), 60, 66, 73-4
Svitrigaila, 24
Sweden, 2, 9,10, 37, 39,41-3, 45-50, 63,
126-7,140,172,178
Swidrian Culture, 2, 3
Swordbrothers, 12-15
Synod of Brest, 44
Tacitus, 6
Tallinn (Reval), 13-14, 30-5, 37,41,42,
46, 49, 65, 69, 76, 79-82, 85, 87, 89,
93, 97,100,114-16,119,126,131,
136-7,139-40,142,146,148,150,
153-4,156,160,169,171,174,176,
178-9
Tammsaare, Anton Hansen, 105
Tannenberg, Battle of, 23, 32, 34
Tannenberg line, 125
Tarto maa rahwa Näddaü-Leht, 69
Tartu (Dorpat), 9,28, 31, 33, 42, 47, 49,
62, 69, 72, 82,102,144
234 Index
Tartu Peace Treaty, 94
Taryba, 89-91
Teutonic Order (Knights), 14-23, 28,
30-2, 35-8,43,47
Thatcher, Margaret, 165
Third Reich, see Nazi Germany
Thirty Years War, 46
Thunder Cross, 100
Tief, Otto, 126
Tormis, Veljo, 145-6
Tönisson, Jaan, 91-2,107,109
Treaty of Pereyaslav, 44
trade, 1, 4, 5, 9-11,19-20, 23, 32, 34,46,
81,164,166,172
Traidenis, 17,19
Trakai, 16
trans-Narva region, 127
Tübelis, Juozas, 101
Ugandi, 13
Ukraine, 21, 44, 46, 49, 59,124, 132,
147,174,176, 179-80
Uimanis, Guntis, 159,160
Ulmanis, Kärlis, 88, 91-4, 97,100-102,
104,108,117
Uluots, Jüri, 121,126
Uniate Church, 44
Union of Lublin, 40
United States of America (USA), 80, 83,
95-6,126-7,129,147,175-6
University of Dorpat see University of
Tartu
University of Kaunas, 98,105, 117
University of Königsberg, 35
University of Latvia, 105
University of Moscow, 74
University of Tartu, 47, 50, 70-1, 76, 81,
105,108,117,136
University of Vilnius, 42, 66,105
University of Wilno, see University of
Vilnius
Urals, 4
urbanisation, 62, 80-1,104
USakovs, Nils, 169
Uspaskich, Viktor, 163
USSR, see Soviet Union
Väcietis, Jukums, 92
Väcietis, Ojärs, 145
Vagris, Jänis, 149
Vaino, Karl, 138,148
Valancius, Motiejus, 73
Valdemar II, 13
Valdemärs, Kri§ jänis, 71-2
Valdmanis, Alfreds, 124
Valga/Valka (Walk), 31, 34, 71, 95,174
Väljas, Vaino, 148
Valmiera (Wolmar), 31, 33, 53, 62,
71,79
Valters, Mikelis, 82
Vanemuine choral society, 72
Vaps movement, 99-100
Vares, Johannes, 117
Varpasy 74
Vasa dynasty, 42, 56
Vejonis, Raimonds, 163
Velliste, Trivimi, 151
Vendova, Tomas, 146
Ventspils (Windau), 33, 44,178
Versailles Treaty, 96 see also Paris Peace
Conference
Viiding, Juhan, 159
Vlke-Freiberga, Vaira, 177,179,185
Vilde, Eduard, 85
Viljandi (Fellin), 37
Vilnius, x, 16,19, 26-7, 32, 25-6, 42,
44-5, 59-63, 65-6, 69, 76, 80, 82-3,
89, 93, 95-6, 98,107-10,114,
122-3,125,127-8,136-7,146-7,
149-51,154,163,169,176,179
Vikings, 7-9
Vil na (province), 65-6, 84
Visby, 10-11, 32-3
Vistula river, 5
Index 235
Vitebsk, 65, 68, 70, 77
Voldemaras, Augustinas, 91-2, 98-9,
101,109
Volga river, 9
Vorskla, Battle of, 23
Voss, Augusts, 138,145
Votes (Votians), 6,15
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 116
Vytautas, 22-4, 70
Vytenis, 19
Waffen-SS, 124-5
Wagner, Richard, 81
Walk, see Valga/Valka
Warsaw, 40,44, 56-7, 68, 80, 95, 98,109,
122,178
Duchy of Warsaw, 63, 66
Watson, Karl Friedrich, 69
Wehrmacht, 124
Wenden, see Cesis
Wends, 10
Westphalia, 11, 32
Wiek (Läänemaa), 42
Wierland (Virumaa), 42
Wilhelm II, 90
William of Modena, 15
Windau, see Ventspils
Winnig, August, 91
Winter War, 114
Wisniowiecki, Michal, 56
Wladyslaw II Jagiello, see Jogaila
Wladyslaw III, 28
Wolmar, see Valmiera
World Bank, 164
World War I, 62, 79,81, 85-91,104
World War II, 113-128,179
World Trade Organisation, 171
Yaroslav the Wise, 9
Yeas, Martynas, 84, 86
Yeltsin, Boris, 150,154,156
Yiddish Scientific Institute, 107
Yoldia Sea, 2
Yotvingians, 6
Young Latvian movement, 71-2
Yudenich, Nikolai, 94
Yur ev, see Tartu
Zalgiris, Battle of, see Tannenberg,
Battle of
Zapp, Walter, 105
Zatlers, Valdis, 162
Zeligowski, Lucjan, 95
Zemaitians, see Samogitians
Zemaitija, see Samogitia
Zemaitis, Jonas, 128-9
Zemgals, Gustavs, 37
Zhdanov, Andrei, 116
Ziedonis, Imants, 145
Zalakevicius, Vytautas, 146
V
Bayerisch©
Staa tsfcrtbliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kasekamp, Andres 1966- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142284785 |
| author_facet | Kasekamp, Andres 1966- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kasekamp, Andres 1966- |
| author_variant | a k ak |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044693636 |
| classification_rvk | NK 2481 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1024124026 (DE-599)BVBBV044693636 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | Second edition |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Baltikum |
| id | DE-604.BV044693636 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:59:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781137573643 9781137573650 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030090533 |
| oclc_num | 1024124026 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | x, 234 Seiten Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20191009 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Palgrave |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Palgrave essential histories |
| spelling | Kasekamp, Andres 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)142284785 aut A history of the Baltic states Andres Kasekamp Second edition London Palgrave 2018 x, 234 Seiten Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palgrave essential histories Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been the battleground for neighbouring powers and the site of intense rivalry, but also interaction, between East and West. 'A History of the Baltic States' masterfully traces the development of these three Baltic countries, from the northern crusades against Europe's last pagans, and Lithuania's rise to become one of medieval Europe's largest states, to their incorporation into the Russian Empire and the creation of their modern national identities.This brand new edition of a prizewinning text brings the story up to the present day, incorporating both the latest events and the most recent scholarship Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Baltic States / History Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030090533&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030090533&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register 2 |
| spellingShingle | Kasekamp, Andres 1966- A history of the Baltic states |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4004379-4 |
| title | A history of the Baltic states |
| title_auth | A history of the Baltic states |
| title_exact_search | A history of the Baltic states |
| title_full | A history of the Baltic states Andres Kasekamp |
| title_fullStr | A history of the Baltic states Andres Kasekamp |
| title_full_unstemmed | A history of the Baltic states Andres Kasekamp |
| title_short | A history of the Baltic states |
| title_sort | a history of the baltic states |
| topic_facet | Baltikum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030090533&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030090533&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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