The Velizh affair: blood libel in a Russian town
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2018]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index, pages 197-225 |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 225 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780190640521 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Antisemitism |z Russia |z Velizh |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |x Persecutions |z Russia |z Velizh |x History |y 19th century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction i
i. Fedor Goes for a Walk 13
2. Small-Town Life 31
3. Tsar Alexander Pays a Visit 57
4. The Confrontations 79
5. Grievances 101
6. The Investigation Widens 117
7. Boundaries of the Law 133
Epilogue 153
Appendix: Jewish Prisoners Held in the Town of Velizh 161
Notes 163
Selected Bibliography 197
Index 213
vii
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INDEX
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
alcohol: beggar womens use of,
124, 127; implication in Velizh
ritual murder case, 72, 73, 74, 75,
76, 122, 124,129; sale of, Jews and,
21, 43, 45, 48, 50
Alekseevna, Eizabeth, 57
Alexander I (Tsar of Russia): appeals
of Jewish deputies to, 107—8;
ban on torture, 134; death
of, 60; and Mordvinov’s
career, 147; restrictions on
Jewish activities under, 44—45;
Terenteevas complaint to, 58,
53?, 63—64, I79n2; travel through
Velizh, 57—58
Alexander II (Tsar of Russia), 158
antimins, 76; theft of, testimony
regarding, 76, 128-29
apothecaries, 53—54
Aronson, Basia, 87, 161
Aronson, lankef Hirsh: arrest of, 161;
death of, 116; imprisonment of,
113, 115-16
Aronson, Mirka: appellate court verdict
and, 28; death of, 61; domestic
servant of, testimony of, 68—69;
family of, 19, 21; generosity of, 21;
house of, 19—20, 20, 35—38; as
primary suspect, 23; search of house
of, 19, 28; tavern in house of, 19, 21;
testimonies against, 16,17, 22, 62,
63, 67, 76,119,120; testimony of, 26
Aronson, Shmerka: arrest of, 161;
interrogation of, 128
Aronson, Slava (Slavka). See
Berlina, Slavka
Avdotia (Fedors cousin), 1—2
Azadkevich, Filipp, 83, 84
Baraduchi, Malka, 25
Baradudina, Malka, 162
Baranov, D. O., 44
barrel, lined with nails, use in ritual
murder: literature describing, 141;
Velizh investigation and testimonies
regarding, 73,120,122,150
213
214 INDEX
Beccaria, Cesare, 148
beggar women: alcohol abuse by,
124,127; magic spells cast by,
belief in, 29; in Velizh, 1,16,
21-23, 25-26
begging for alms: conflict related to,
25- 26, 29, 30; cultural norms
regarding, 29; on Easter, 1, 23
Beilis, Mendel, trial of, 158,159
Belarus: economy of, 42-43; Hasidism
in, 46; topography of, 32-33. See
also East European borderlands;
specific towns
Belarusians: belief in Jewish ritual
murder, 6,12; poverty among, 48;
in Velizh, 35, 50
Belenitskii, Movsha, 162
Beliaev, Itsko, 87
belief: in Jewish ritual murder, 2, 10,
11, 24, 30,136; in magical cures,
54—55. See also magic, belief in
Bentham, Jeremy, 148
Berlin, Biniamin, 113,114
Berlin, Hirsh, 27, 83,161
Berlin, Meir, 83,161
Berlin, Moisei, 52
Berlin, Noson: arrest of, 161;
interrogation of, 83-84
Berlin, Shmerka, 19; appellate court
verdict and, 28; arrest of, 103,161;
brothers of, 21, 83; complaint
to governor-general, 101-2,108;
confrontation with Terenteeva, 81;
death of, 61; emotional toll on,
81,135; and EvzikTsetiin, 84;
initial testimonies regarding, 24;
as primary suspect, 23, 27, 72; in
prison, 105; tavern of, 21; tenant
of, 96; Terenteevas testimony
against, 119-20; testimony of,
26- 27, 81-82
Berlina, Ryvka, 162
Berlina, Shifra: on accusers, 124; death
of, 135; imprisonment of, 115,116;
interrogation of, 83; testimony
against, 73
Berlina, Slava (Slavka), 19; arrest
of, 80, 101, 161; and Basia
Aronson, 87; brother-in-law
of, 108; complaint to governor-
general, 82-83; confrontation
with accusers, 82; imprisonment
of, 105,109; interrogations of, 82-
83,121,123,128,130; as primary
suspect, 72; testimonies against,
72, 73, 98,120
besmedresh (communal study hall), in
Velizh, 39, 50
Bialystok, ritual murder case in, 7
blood libel. See ritual murder libel
Bogdanovicheva house (Velizh): as
interrogation and prison facility,
79-80, 90; Strakhovs move to, 79
Brafman, Iakov, 192031
bribery: Jewish political action and,
102,106; in Velizh prison, 94
Brouda, Hirsh Berkovich, 108-10,114
Brusovanskii, Zeilik, 124-25,162
Cahan, Abraham, 50,52
cannibalism, investigations of, 3
capital punishment, in imperial
Russia, 134
Catherine the Great (Empress of
Russia), 33-34, 35
Catholic Church: and restrictions on
Christian-Jewish relations, 65;
and ritual murder libel, 5,148
charity: Jewish community and, 21, 92;
refusal of, grudges based on,
25-26, 29-30
Cherniavskii, Ivan, 136
Chernomordik, Iankef
(Petushok): arrest of, 162; and
forced conversion to Judaism,
testimonies regarding, 75-76;
interrogation of, 87-88; letters
from prison, 94-95
INDEX 215
Chernomordika, Ester, 162
Chernomordika, Khaika, 88,162
Chernyshev, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 142
childhood mortality, in Russian
Empire, 31-32, 33
church robbery: punishment for, 128;
testimony regarding, in Velizh
ritual murder case, 76,128—29
clothing, Jewish, 42; prohibition
of, 46; Terenteevas testimony
regarding, 65
communication, by Velizh
prisoners: emotional toll of
absence of, 135; secret, 90,
9* 94-95
complaints. See petition(s)
confession, in inquisitorial
process, 71,100; required for
conviction, 149; techniques used
to extract, 134—35, 140. See also
confession(s), in Velizh ritual
murder case; written statements
confession(s), in Velizh ritual murder
case: need for, 70, 83, 133, 135; by
prisoners, 96—99, 145; questioning
of veracity of, 149—50; techniques
for extracting, 133; by witnesses,
72-74, 76
conflicts: communal, Velizh ritual
murder case and, 25; between
neighbors, economic activities
and, 51-52; and ritual murder
accusations, 25—26, 29, 30, 84, 89;
in Velizh daily life, 21; and
witchcraft accusations, 29—30
confrontations, with accusers: in
inquisitorial process, 81; in Velizh
ritual murder case, 81-83, 86-89,
94,117, 122-24,126,128, 130
conscription: of Jews, 45, 92, m; of
state peasants, 13
conversion of Jews, conscription in
imperial army and concerns
about, 45, in-12
conversion to Judaism: fears of,
Jewish-Christian domestic
arrangements and, 65-66; forced,
arguments aiming to disprove,
85, 87; forced, testimonies in
Velizh ritual murder case, 74-75;
punishment for, 144
converts, Jewish, and dissemination of
ritual murder libel, 6,139—42
court(s): civil, use by Jews, 51;
rabbinic, 87
Cremieux, Adolphe, hi
crimes: committed by and against
Jews, 51-52; sensationalization of,
8, 9, 158-59
criminal investigation, in inquisitorial
process, 27
criminal investigation, of Jewish ritual
murder: earliest known, 3; new
standards of documentation
and, 4; vs. popular beliefs, 5;
regional trends in, 6
criminal investigation, of Velizh
ritual murder case: arrests
in, 80, 90,101,103,161—62;
communal tensions during, 25;
complaints regarding, 82—83,
101-2,108-10, 113; confrontations
with accusers in, 81-83, 86-89,
94,117, 122-24, 126,128,130;
discrepancies in, 147,149-50;
dossier in, 137,142-44; emotional
toll of, 135—36; expansion of,
117-31,142; initial, 17,18-19,
23—27, 28; interrogation of
suspects in, 80-90, 96-99,121-31;
interrogation of witnesses in,
61-64, 67-69, 71,119-29; material
evidence collected in, 69-70, pp,
185071; request for extension in,
116,118,119; role of Uniate priest
in, 71,121,129; second, 60—61,
66—77; secrecy of, 9; slowness of,
119, 142—43; techniques used to
216 INDEX
criminal investigation, of Velizh ritual
murder case (cont.)
extract confessions in,
134-35; textual proof collected in,
137-38,141,19ini7; torture in,
allegations of, 109, no; venue for,
79-80; witness testimonies in,
23-24, 61-64, 67-69, 71, 119-29;
written statements sought in, 82,
84, 85, 89
Dal’, Vladimir L, 157; report on ritual
murder, 6-7,157, i67n2i, I96ni2
Damascus, ritual murder charge in,
hi, 158
deaths, in Russian Empire, 52; of
children, 31—32; Jewish ritual
murder as convenient explanation
for, 4; during Napoleons
invasion, 43—44
deaths, during Velizh ritual murder
investigation, 61, 116, 135
Decembrist Rebellion of 1825, 60,155
depression, among prisoners in
Velizh, 135
deputies. See Jewish deputies
Derzhavin, Gavriil, 42-43» 46
Devirts, Fratka: arrest of, 97, 161;
attempted escape from
prison, 97; attempted suicide
by, 100; confession of, 98—99,
145,150; testimonies against,
76,130
Devirts, Orlik: arrest of, 97,161;
confrontation with accuser, 122-
23; interrogations of, 121, 122,
124, 128; testimonies against, 74,
76-77, 123
Dillon, Liezer, 107,108
diseases: afflicting imprisoned Jews,
93-94,101-2,109,113; blood used
to treat, testimony regarding, 98;
lack of medical services for, 53-54;
magic used to treat, 54-55; in
western borderlands, 48—49, 52-53
Dreyfus affair, 158
Dvorzhetskaia (noblewoman),
121-22,131
Easter: begging for alms during, 1, 23;
Christian activities during, 13;
tales of Jewish ritual murder
during, 3, 22, 24, 61, 68, 72
Eastern Europe: dissemination of
ritual murder libel in, 5; Jewish
population in, growth of, 5,10
Eastern Orthodox Church: antimins
in, 76; vs. Uniate Church, 35. See
also Russian Orthodox Church
East European borderlands, 10;
economy of, 47-49; ethnic
boundaries and interethnic
relations in, 10-11; famines in,
42, 44, 47; Jews in, 40-42, 45;
mass population transfers in, 48;
topography of, 32-33
emotions: of accused, during
interrogation, 81, 82, 83-84, 86,
87-88, 89,126; of prisoners, 12,
85» 97֊98,135
Eremeeva, Anna, 21-22; divination
by, 16-17, 22; questioning of, 70;
sentencing of, 152
ethnic groups, in East European
borderlands: relations among, 10-
11; in Velizh, 21, 34-35
ethnographic studies, 12,19508; role in
perpetuating ritual murder libel,
156-57,158
exile. See Siberia, exile to
expert testimony. See medical
testimony
false-evidence ploys, 134
famines, in East European
borderlands, 42, 44, 47
Fedor (victim in Velizh
case): abduction and murder of,
confessions regarding, 72-74, 76;
autopsy report for, 18-19; clothing
INDEX 217
of, 1, 24; disappearance of,
Terenteevas testimony regarding,
17, 23, 61—63; discovery of body
of, 2,17—18; family of, 13—16;
moments prior to disappearance
of, 1-2, 13; probable path of, 14;
search for, 16—18, 22
Fedorova, Efirri ia, 23—24
Feitselsonova, Rokhlia, 161
folklore: and magic, in everyday life, 11-
12; and ritual murder libel, 5,12, 56
forensic science: role in perpetuating
ritual murder libel, 156—57, See
also medical testimony
fortune-tellers, 55; search for missing
boy and, 16—17, 63
Frank, Jacob, 138
Frankists (Jewish sect), 138
Fulda, ritual murder libel in, 3
Gavriil, cult of, 7
Gechevich, V. I., 147
gender, and ritual murder libel, 18205
Georgia, ritual murder trial in, 158—59
German-speaking lands, ritual murder
libel in, 3, 4
Glikman, Abram, 68, 69, 76
Glikman, Iosel 27; arrest of, 162;
death of, 61; interrogations of, 87,
88,130; testimonies against, 68,
69, 76,120
Glushkov, Abram, 80, 83, 161
Golitsyn, Aleksandr, 28,107
governors-general: in Russian Empire,
58-60. See also Khovanskii
Great Reform era, ritual murder trials
in, 158-59
Great Synagogue (Velizh), 38, 42;
closing of, 77; location of, i$
use in Fedors ritual murder,
testimonies regarding, 73—74
grievances. See petition(s)
Grodno: deaths during Napoleons
invasion, 43—44; ritual murder
accusations in, 7, 28, 107—8, 131
Grudinskii, Anton Vikentiev,
139-42,192n3i
Habad (branch of Hasidism), 46
Hasidim/Hasidism, 46-47; activities
of, 39; branches of, 46; vs.
orthodox Jews, 106; Russian
Orthodox schismatics compared
to, 46; sectarian fanaticism linked
to, 158; in Velizh, 39
heresy: inquisitorial procedure used
for, 9; prosecution in imperial
Russia, 156. See also sectarianism
Hirsh, Iankel’, 98
Hirsh, Lanka, 98
host desecrations: narratives of, 127;
testimonies regarding, in Velizh
ritual murder case, 126,127
Hughes, Langston, 33
humanitarian intervention, no—11
Iankeleva, Genemiklia, 162
Il’inskaia Street (Velizh), 19, 21, 39, 41;
Aronsons house on, 19, 20
Innocent IV, Pope, 4,148, i65nio
inquisitorial system, 9; confessions in, 71,
100,134—35; confrontations in, 81;
conviction under, requirements
for, 149; emotional toll of, 135;
interrogations in, 80; presumption
of guilt in, 61, 70; questioning of
evidence gathered by, 148; rules
in, 118; in Russian Empire, 9—
10,134; secrecy in, 158; stages in, 27;
in Western Europe, 9,168030
Ivanov, Emel’ian, 1, 13; family of,
13—16; location of house of, /ƒ;
Terenteeva and, 16,17, 23, 62—63
jail, in Velizh: Bogdanovicheva house
as, 79—80, 90; official, 40, 79. See
also prisoners
Jewish deputies, 106—8; in Velizh ritual
murder investigation, demand for,
101,104,105,109
2l8 INDEX
Jews: belief in supernatural, 55-
56; character of, vs Russian
character, 40; childhood
mortality among, 33; Christians
employed by, 65-67; clothing
of, 42; collective representation
of, efforts to weaken, 45;
communal fragmentation of, 106;
conscription into imperial army,
45, 92, hi; crimes committed by
and against, 51—52;
in Eastern Europe, 5, 10,11; in
East European borderlands,
40-42, 52; economic activities
of, 50; exploitation of peasantry,
concerns about, 44, 66; influence
on young maidens, fears of,
65, 66; inhuman treatment of,
complaints against, 109—10; legal
rights of, 105; magical powers
of, beliefs in, 4,11; in Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth,
34,102; political activities of, 102;
regulation of activities of, imperial
government and, 45, 66,173014;
in Russia, isolation of, 102; social
relationships with neighbors,
50-51, 65-66; transportation
revolution and, 49; in Velizh, 19-
2i» 25 34» 4°» 47» 49~50 80. See
also ritual murder libel
Johnson, Robert, 32, 33, 40-42, 43
Kabbaia, 47; and Habad branch of
Judaism, 46, 47
kahal (Jewish executive board), efforts
to weaken, 45
Kasachevskaia, Daria, 24, 28
Kateonov, Rieva, 97
Katson, Abram, 162
Kazan, Prokop, 154-55
kheyder (Jewish elementary school), in
Velizh, 38, 50
Khovanskii, A. N., 146
Khovanskii, Nikolai
Nikolaevich: career of, 58;
complaints by Jews and, 82-83,
101-4,108, no, 113-16; confidence
in Strakhov, 103,104, no;
criticism by Mordvinov, 149;
duties as governor-general,
58-60,118; and reopening of
Velizh ritual murder case, 60;
Strakhovs reports to, 70, 72,118,
137, 138, i82n2; suspicion of Jews,
104,142; and Velizh investigation,
eagerness to conclude, 142-43
Khrupin, Khaim, 88; arrest of, 162;
interrogation of, 88-89; letters
from prison, 91-92, 94, 95;
Terenteevas testimony against, 75;
wife of, 88, 92
Khrutskii (Velizh investigator), 77
Khvolson, Daniil A., 192025
Kiselev, Pavel, 112
Kisin, Abram, 23, 87,162
knives, used in Velizh ritual murder: as
material evidence, pp, 185071;
testimonies regarding, 99,100
knout, punishment by, 146, 155;
Mordvinov s criticism of, 148; in
Velizh ritual murder case, 145
Kokhanskii, Vasilii, 17
Kolberg, Oscar, 158
Korshakov, Iankef, 162
Kotik, Yekhezkel, 52, 55-56
Kottov (land surveyor), 25
Kovaleva, Maria: suicide of, 121, 136;
testimony by, 120-21
Kovno (Kowno): Jews in, 34, 173014;
Napoleons invasion of, 44
Koziovskaia, Praskoviia, 67, 68; arrest
of, 70; conversion to Judaism,
testimony regarding, 74; exile to
Siberia, 152; role in Velizh ritual
murder, confession regarding, 73,
76, 77; testimonies of, 68-69, 7h
72, 77, 130,132
INDEX 219
Kurin, Abram, 25
Kutaisi (Georgia), ritual murder trial
in, 158-59
laws, on ritual murder accusations: in
imperial Russia, 28, 29; in
Western Europe, 4
legal system, of imperial Russia,
112-13,133-34
leg irons, use of: to extract
confessions, 134; in Velizh ritual
murder investigation, 113
Levin (Velizh doctor), 18, 104
literature: and Jewish political
activities, 102; and ritual murder
libel, 5-6,137—42, I57-58,
I92nn25—26, 192031; use in Velizh
ritual murder investigation, 137—
38, 141, I9ini7
Liubavachi, branch of Judaism in, 46
Liutostanskii, Ippolit, 157-58, 192026
Livenson, Rokhlia, 161
Lukashevich (Inspector), 18,19, 25
Lutsk, ritual murder case in, 6
magic, belief in: gradual repudiation
of, 4; persistence in Russia, 11; role
in everyday life, 4, 11; and search
for Fedor, 16—17; in small towns
of western borderlands, 54—56;
and treatment of diseases, 54-55
Maimonides, Moses, 139—41,192026
Maksimova, Avdot’ia: arrest of, 70; on
church robbery, 129; confession
of, 72,105; confrontations
with accused, 82, 86, 89,126,
128,130; exile to Siberia, 152;
forced conversion to Judaism,
testimony regarding, 75-76, 85;
on host desecration, 126,127; as
housekeeper in Tsetlin family,
24, 67; initial testimony of, 24, 86;
interrogation by Strakhov, 67-68;
later testimonies of, 67—68, 69,
71, 72, 73; new revelations by,
120,125, 126,127; questioning of
testimonies of, 149—50; role in
Velizh ritual murder, confession
regarding, 72—74, 76, 77; and
Terenteeva, 61, 64,125,127
material evidence: inquisitorial
procedure and, 9; in Velizh ritual
murder case, 69-70, 1851171
medical services, in East European
borderlands, 53
medical testimony: and decline in
witchcraft prosecutions, 156; in
Jewish ritual murder trials, 159; in
Russian justice system, 149, 151
medical testimony, in Velizh ritual
murder case, 18—19; questioning
of, 104; Strakhov on, 105, 137; vs.
witness testimonies, 150, 151
Mel’nikova, Risa, 162
Middle Ages, Jewish ritual murder
libel in, 2—3
Mikhailovskii, K. G., 145
Military Statute of 1716 (Russia), 9
Ministry of Justice (Russia), on Velizh
ritual murder case, 112, 113
Minsk, ritual murder cases in, 6
Mirlas, Iosel’: arrest of, 161;
interrogation of, 125-26;
testimony against, 129
Modebadze, Sara Iosifova, 158
Mogilev: Jews in, 46; during
Napoleons invasion, 44; province
of, origins of, 34; ritual murder
cases in, 6, 8
Montefiore, Sir Moses, in, 112
Mordvinov, Nicholai S., 147—52
Morton, Edward, 8—9, 33, 43
museum, in Velizh, 38, 39
Nadezhdin, Nikolai, 157
Nafonova, Bliuma, 162
Nakhimovskii, Berka, petitions by,
103-4, H3 114
220
INDEX
Nakhimovskii, Irsko: arrest of, 80, 161;
confession of, 96,145; Fratkas
testimony regarding, 98-99;
interrogation of, 89-90
Nakhimovskii, Ruman: arrest of, 161;
testimony against, 130
Napoleon, invasion of Russia,
43-44,107
Neophytos (Greek Orthodox
monk), 139
Nicholas I (Tsar of Russia): anxieties
about conspiracies, 155; anxieties
about religious sectarianism, 77;
ascension to throne, 60;
conscription law under, 45;
inquisitorial techniques under, 134;
militarized regime under, 8, 60,
155,156; treatment of Jews during
reign of, 60, in-13; and Uniate
Church, suppression of, 35; on
Velizh ritual murder case, 153
Nizhnii Novgorod, Makar’ev Fair in, 48
Norwich, Jewish ritual murder libel
in, 2-3
Oleinikov, Luk, 64, 68
Pale of Settlement: filth and diseases
in, 48-49, 52—53; Jewish deputies
in, 107-8; transportation
revolution and, 49; Velizh in, 34
peasants: conscription of, 13; famine
of 1821-1822 and, 44; working for
Jews, concerns about, 44, 66
Perepletchikov, Nokhon, 162
Perovskii, Lev A., 6,157
Pestun, Larion, 22
Peter the Great, judicial reforms
under, 142
petition(s): to governor-general
Khovanskii, on Velizh
investigation, 82—83,101—4, no;
by Jewish deputies, 107-8; legal
right to make, 105,114; to Senate,
on Velizh investigation, 108-
10,113; Terenteevas, to Alexander
I, 58, 59 63-64
Petrishcha (Velizh schoolteacher), 103
Petushok. See Chernomordik, Iankef
Pilenkova, Praskoviia. See Kozlovskaia,
Praskoviia
Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth: discrediting
of ritual murder libel in, 148;
dissemination of ritual murder
libel in, 5-6,137-42; first partition
of, 33—34; inquisitorial system
in, 9; Jews in, 34,102; partitions
of, and Jewish population
acquired by Russia, 6; shtadlanut
(lobbying of authorities) in, 106
Polish Uprising of 1830-1831, 35
Poselennoi, testimony against, 73, 74
poverty, in Russian Empire: deaths
and illnesses associated with,
4, 32; retired soldiers living in, 16;
in Velizh, 47, 48-49
press: and Jewish political
activities, 102; in Russian Empire,
during Nicholas Is reign, 8, 9;
Western, on plight of Jews in
Russia, m-12; in Western Europe
vs. in Russian Empire, 9
print culture, and dissemination of
ritual murder libel, 5—6, 137-42,
157-58, i92nn25-26,192n3i
prisoners, in Velizh: ailments of,
93-94,101-2,109,113,116, 135;
appeals of, 94; attempted escapes
by, 92, 96, 97; attempted suicide
by, 100; childbirth by, 136;
complaints to governor-general,
82—83; confessions by, 96—99;
daily routines of, 91, 92—93;
deaths of, 61,116,135; emotional
state of, 12, 85, 97-98,135; impact
of solitary confinement on, 96,
97-98,115; mistreatment of, 109,
INDEX
221
no, ii3; secret communication by,
90, 91, 94—95; Strakhovs report
on condition of, 105
prisons; in Russian Empire, 80. See
also jail, in Velizh
Prokof’eva, Agafia, 1, 13; death of, 61;
search for missing son, 16—17, 22
Prokof’eva, Kharitina, 1—2, 16, 23
Prudkov, Nota: arrest of, 162;
confession of, 96, 145, 150;
escape from prison, 92, 97;
interrogations of, 96, 131
punishments: for conversion to
Judaism, 144; types of, in imperial
Russia, 27,134,146,155; in
Velizh ritual murder case, Senate
proposal for, 145—46
Ram bam. See Maimonides, Moses
record keeping: in Russian judicial
system, 142; in Velizh ritual
murder investigation, 137, 142—44
registers, inquisitorial, 9
revenge, ritual murder accusations as,
25-26, 29, 30, 84
review of sentence, in inquisitorial
process, 27
riots: fears of, Velizh investigation
and, 25; during religious
ceremonies, 52
ritual murder libel: basic storyline
of, 3, 72; belief in, 2,10,11, 24,
30, 136; cultural roots of, 4, 5,
11, 24, 56; Dal’ report on, 6—7,
157, i67n2i, I96ni2; deaths and
illnesses explained with, 4; gender
and, 18205; history of, 2-3; vs.
Jewish integration in community,
10, 11; Mordvinovs legal opinion
on, 148; as revenge, 25—26,
29, 30, 84; rumors and, 2, 6;
Russian governments response
to, 27-28, 29, 60, 141; science
and perpetuation of, 156—57, 159,
I95n8; textual dissemination of,
5-6, 137-42, *57-5% i92nn25~26,
192031; Velizh case in context
of, 1; vitality in popular psyche,
2, 4, 5, 6,10,11, 30; Western
authorities discrediting, 4,148
ritual murder trials: vs. accusations, 5;
empirical evidence required
for, 69; in Great Reform era, 158—
59; history of, 3; small number
of, 11 ; witch-hunts compared to,
11, 29-30, 117, 132, 136
Roman Catholic cathedral, in
Velizh, 39
Rudniakov, Zusia: arrest of, 162;
interrogations of, 86—87, 130—31
Rudniakova, Leia, 162
rumors: and ritual murder libel, 2, 6;
role in inquisitorial system, 9;
and Velizh ritual murder case, 2,
17, 23—24, 103, 121, 126—27; and
witch-hunts, 131
Russian Empire: childhood mortality
in, 31—32, 33; conscription in, 13,
45, 92, hi; government policies
on ritual murder libel in, 27—28,
29,141; governors-general in, 58—
60; inquisitorial system in, 9—10;
isolation of Jews in, 102; Jewish
population in, 6; judicial reforms
of 1860s and 1870s, 9; legal system
in, 112—13,133—34; mass population
transfers in, 48; Napoleons
invasion of, 43—44; partition of
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
and, 6, 33—34; prisons in, 80; ritual
murder cases in, 6; superstition in,
persistence of, 11
Russian Orthodox Church: cult of
Gavriil in, 7; Nicholas Is support
for, 60; schismatics in, Hasidim
compared to, 46. See also Eastern
Orthodox Church
Ryvkin, Miron, 20
222
INDEX
Sabians (sect), 140
Sabun, Orko, 154
sacrilege: punishment for, 128. See abo
host desecrations
Savrasov, L R, 145
science, and perpetuation of ritual
murder libel, 156-57,159,19508
secrecy: of criminal investigation
in Russia, 9; of inquisitorial
system, 158
sectarianism: ethnographic studies
of, 157; in Jewish community, as
explanation for ritual murder, 145,
146,153,158; in Russian Empire,
anxieties about, 77,153,154,155
Selezneva, Fekla, 153—54
Senate (Russia): belief in Jewish ritual
murder, 145, 147; complaints to,
Velizh ritual murder investigation
and, 108—10, 113; failure to reach
agreement on Velizh ritual
murder case, 147; Jews’ right
to petition, 112; Khovanskiis
presentation to, 118-19; review of
Velizh dossier, 144—47
Sentiury, village of, 16, 22
Serafinovich, Kazimir, 25
servants, Christian: in Jewish
households, 65-67; role in
ritual murder libel, 72, i8in38;
testimonies in Velizh ritual
murder case, 67—69, 72—77
Shkurin (Velizh investigator), 77, 129,
130,142,143
shtadlanut (lobbying of
authorities), 106
shtibb (social and recreational centers),
in Velizh, 39
Shubinskaia, Khasia, 162
Siberia, exile to, 146; during Nicholas
Is reign, 155; as punishment
for conversion to Judaism, 144;
as punishment in Velizh ritual
murder case, 145-46
Skoptsy, 60,153,155,156
Slavic populations: childhood
mortality among, 33. See abo
Belarusians
Smolensk, Napoleons invasion of, 43
Smolensk Street (Velizh), 22, 40
social science, and perpetuation of
ritual murder libel, 156
solitary confinement, impact on
prisoners, 96, 97-98,115
Solomon, Beniiamin, 131
Sohyk, Kajetan, 138
spring britzka, in Velizh ritual murder
case, 18, 27, 68
State Council (Russia), review of
Velizh dossier, 147-52
statistics, new discipline of, I95n8; role
in perpetuating ritual murder
libel, 156
St. Ifinsk Uniate Church (Velizh), 4/;
location of, /y, 40; priest at, role
in Velizh ritual murder case, 71,
121, 129; prisoner escape to, 96;
theft from, testimonies regarding,
76, 128-29
St. Petersburg: Jewish colony in, 108;
Russian State Historical Archive
in, xi, xvi
Strakhov, Vasilii Ivanovich: ambitions
of, 104—5, 136; arrests by, 80,
90, 101,103,161-62; assistants
to, 77; association with women
off ill repute, 79; career of, 60;
complaints against, 82-83, 101,
104, io8-io, 112,113—14; expansion
of investigation by, 117—31; houses
converted into prisons by, 79-80,
90—91; illness and death of, 143;
interrogation of suspects, 80-90,
96-99, 121-31, 135; interrogation
of witnesses, 61-64, 67—69, 71,
119—29; Khovanskiis confidence
in, 103,104; and presumption of
Jews guilt, 61, 70,104-5, 136-37;
INDEX 223
reports to Khovanskii, 70, 72,
118, 137,138, 182112; response to
complaints against, 102—3, 105—
6, 135; techniques used to extract
confessions, 134—35; torture used
by, allegations of, 109, no; and
Velizh investigation, 60—61, 66—
77; wider conspiracy suspected by,
118, 119
strappado, 133
Subbotin, Andrei, 52
Subbotniks (Sabbatarians), 66
suicide: famines in East European
borderlands and, 47; during
Velizh ritual murder investigation,
100, 121, 136
supernatural. See magic
swamps, around Velizh, 32, 33; Fedors
body discovered in, 17—18
synagogues, in Velizh: closing of, 77,
117. See also Great Synagogue
Talmud, quotations from, as proof of
ritual murder, 138
Tarashkevich, Markelom, 71,121,129
tavern(s): Jewish lease-holders for,
restrictions on, 45; in Velizh, 19,
21, 24, 5Ö-57, 40, 50
Telshi: Napoleons invasion of, 44;
ritual murder case in, 131,
154, i9on48
Terenteeva, Maria, 21, 22—23; appellate
court verdict and, 28; arrest
of, 70; complaint addressed
to Alexander I, 58, jy, 63—64,
I79n2; complaints about
Jews, 64—65; confession of,
72, 105; confrontations with
accused, 81, 82, 83, 87—88, 89,
122—24; divination by, 16; and
Eremeeva, 70; exile to Siberia, 152;
forced conversion to Judaism,
testimony regarding, 74—75; on
host desecration, 126, 127; and
Maksimova, 61, 64, 125, 127; new
revelations by, 119—29; old score
with Tsetlina, 25—26, 29, 30;
questioning of testimonies of,
123—24, 149—50; reputation of, 23,
88,124; residence of, 88; role in
Velizh ritual murder, confession
regarding, 72—74, 76, 77; societal
anxieties reflected in story of, 66;
Strakhovs interrogation of, 61—
64, 119; testimonies of, 23, 61-64,
67, 72 ~77 132; visits to
Fedors house, 16, 17
testimonies. See witness testimonies
Thomas of Monmouth, 2—3
Tommaso (Father), alleged murder
of, III
torture: confessions extracted through,
133,134—35,140; contemporary
practices of, I9in9; limits on use
of, in imperial Russia, 133—34;
Mordvinovs criticism of, 148;
use in Velizh ritual murder
investigation, 109, no, 133
town(s), small market, 2; belief in
supernatural in, 54—56; filth and
disease in, 52—53; interethnic
relations in, 10—11; poverty in,
47, 48—49; Velizh as, 10, 20, 20;
vitality of blood libel in, 2,
6,10; in western borderlands,
vs. in Ukraine and Russian
heartland, 48
trial: in inquisitorial process, 27. See
also ritual murder trials
tsaddikim (righteous individuals),
46, 47; tales told by,
supernatural in, 55
Tsetlin, Evzik, 21; arrest of, 103, 161;
complaint to governor-general,
101—2, 108; confrontations
with accusers, 124, 126, 130;
emotional toll on, 135; Fratkas
testimony against, 98; on host
224 INDEX
Tsetlin, Evzik (cont.)
desecration, 127; house of, i$
interrogations of, 84-85,121,
126,127; Jewish community s
defense of, 25; as primary suspect,
23, 72; prison conditions for, 105,
114-15; and Shmerka Berlin, 84;
Terenteevas testimonies against,
17, 72,124; testimony of, 26
Tsetlin, Itsko, 162
Tsetlin, Sheftel, petitions by, 103-4,
113,114
Tsetlina, Itka: confrontation with
Maksimova, 86; emotional toll
on, 135; secret communication
with father, 91, 95; Terenteevas
testimony against, 72
Tsetlina, Khanna, 21; appellate court
verdict and, 28; arrest of, 80,
101, 161; confrontations with
accusers, 130; domestic servant
of, 24, 67; emotional toll on, 135;
Fratkas testimony against, 98;
on host desecration, 127;
house of, 15; initial testimonies
regarding, 24; interrogations of,
86, 121,126,127; Kasachevskaias
testimony against, 24;
Maksimovas testimony against,
67-68, 75,129; as primary
suspect, 23, 72; in prison, 92,105;
proclamation of innocence,
25, i6 tavern of, 21; Terenteevas
old score with, 25-26, 29, 30;
Terenteevas testimony against, 17,
23, 61-62, 63, 72, 73; testimony
of, 25-26, 85
Turnovskii, Iosef, 80,161
Ukraine, market towns in, 48
Uniate Church, 35. See also St. Il’insk
Uniate Church (Velizh)
Uniate priest, role in Velizh ritual
murder investigation, 71,121,129
Vatican, on ritual murder libel, 148
Velizh, 34; Alexander Is stop in, 57-58;
beggar women in, 1,16, 21-23,
25-26; Belarusian population
of, 35, 50; buildings in, 35-40;
Christian places of worship in,
38, 39—40; filth and diseases in,
48-49, 52; first ritual murder
investigation in (1805), 7; history
of region, 33-34; houses converted
into prisons in, 79-80, 90-91;
Il’inskaia Street in, 19, 21, 39, 4/;
interethnic relations in, 21, 34-
35, 50; Jewish economic activities
in, 50; Jewish educational and
religious institutions in, 38-39, 50;
Jewish inhabitants of, 19-21, 25,
34, 40, 47, 49-50, 80; maps of,
14-15, 36-37* marketplace in,
20y 35, 40; Napoleons invasion
and, 44; population growth
in, 49; poverty in, 47, 48-495
Smolensk Street in, 22, 40;
synagogues in, closing of, 77,117;
tales of Jewish ritual murder
in, 56; today, 34, 35-38,38;
topography of region, 32-33; town
hall in, 22, 35; town jail in, 40, 79
Velizh archive, 12
Velizh Museum, 38,3p
Velizh ritual murder case: anxieties
about religious sectarianism
and, 77; charges in, 80,144;
crime scene in, report on, 18;
Dal’ report on, 157; dismissal of,
151-52; divination in, 16-17, 22;
first investigation of, 17,18-19,
23—27, 28; forensic evidence
in, 18—19,104; international
response to, hi; lack of publicity
regarding, 158; material evidence
in, 69—70, pp, 185071; Ministry
of Justice on, 112,113; Nicholas
I on, 153; presumption of guilt in,
INDEX 225
61, 70,104—5; primary suspects
in, 23—27; punishments in, 152;
reconstruction of events in,
confessions leading to, 72—77;
reopening of, 60; ritual murder
accusations preceding, 1, 7—8;
ritual murder trials following,
3:53—54; rumors and, 2, 17, 23-24,
103, 121; Senate review of, 144—
47; State Council on, 147-52;
Vitebsk provincial court on, 28,
29, 60. See also under criminal
investigation
Vezmenskaia, Genia, 25
Vil’na (Wilno): Jews in, 34, 173014;
Napoleons invasion of, 43, 44;
ritual murder cases in, 6
Vitebsk: economy of, 47, 48, 175051;
famines in, 42, 44, 47; filth and
diseases in, 52—53; Jews in, 46;
medical services in, lack of basic
infrastructure for, 53; mortality
rates in, 52; Napoleons invasion
and, 43; province of, origins
of, 34; ritual murder cases in, 6;
transportation revolution and, 49
Vuffson, Feiga, 162
Vul’fson, Itsko, 162
Walsh, Robert, 139
Walter, Jacob, 43
Wenger off, Pauline, 55
western borderlands. See East
European borderlands
Western Dvina: bodies found in, 7, 8;
transportation revolution and, 49
Western Europe: history of
ritual murder libel in, 2—5;
humanitarian intervention in,
no—11; inquisitorial system in,
9, i68n3o; sensationalization of
crime in, 8, 9; witch-hunts in, 11
William of Norwich, 2—3
witchcraft prosecution: decline in,
factors responsible for, 4,156;
inquisitorial procedure used
in, 9; Jewish ritual murder cases
compared to, 11, 29—30, 117,
132, 136; refusal of charity and,
29-30; rumors and, 131
witches: belief in, in Belarusian folk
traditions, 12; heretics compared
to, 156; ritual of, description of
forced conversion to Judaism
and, 74
witness testimonies, inquisitorial
procedure and, 9
witness testimonies, in Velizh ritual
murder case, 23-24, 61-64, 67-
69, 71, 119-29; contradictions
in, 69, 70, 122, 125, 126, 127,
149—50; vs. forensic evidence,
150, 151; questioning of veracity
of, 149—50; role of Uniate priest
in, 71, 121, 129; shaping of
corroboration in, 71—72; story
line in, 72—77
written statements: inquisitorial
techniques used to extract, 134;
Velizh ritual murder investigation
and demand for, 82, 84, 85, 89
Zaikovskii (Velizh investigator), 77
Zalman, Shneur, 46—47
Zaretskii, Leizar*, 162
Zarkha, Berka, 99
Zaslav, ritual murder case in, 6,154-55
Ze’ev-Wolf, R. Hillel b., 106
Zhelnova, Melania, 70, 136
Zhitomir: restrictions on Jewish
residence in, I73ni4; ritual murder
trial in, 138
Zonnenberg, Zundef, 107, 108
Zwierki, ritual murder case in, 7
Bayerisch
Staatsbibliothek j
München J
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1138038245 |
| author_facet | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- |
| author_variant | e m a em ema |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044691199 |
| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BM585 |
| callnumber-raw | BM585.2 |
| callnumber-search | BM585.2 |
| callnumber-sort | BM 3585.2 |
| callnumber-subject | BM - Judaism |
| classification_rvk | NY 4780 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1021087546 (DE-599)BVBBV044691199 |
| dewey-full | 305.892/404727 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.892/404727 |
| dewey-search | 305.892/404727 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.892 6404727 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1823-1934 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1823-1934 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russia Ethnic relations Velizh (Russia) Ethnic relations Velizh (DE-588)4210882-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russia Ethnic relations Velizh (Russia) Ethnic relations Velizh |
| id | DE-604.BV044691199 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:59:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190640521 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017011535 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030088103 |
| oclc_num | 1021087546 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | xviii, 225 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)1138038245 aut The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town Eugene M. Avrutin New York, NY Oxford University Press [2018] © 2018 xviii, 225 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index, pages 197-225 Geschichte 1823-1934 gnd rswk-swf Blood accusation Russia Velizh History 19th century Antisemitism Russia Velizh History 19th century Jews Persecutions Russia Velizh History 19th century Trials (Murder) Russia Velizh Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd rswk-swf Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Russia Ethnic relations Velizh (Russia) Ethnic relations Velizh (DE-588)4210882-2 gnd rswk-swf Velizh (DE-588)4210882-2 g Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 s Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 s Geschichte 1823-1934 z DE-604 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 2022 978-0-19-764533-8 (DE-604)BV049089567 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF Avrutin, Eugene M., author Velizh affair New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2018] 978-0-19-064053-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-0-19-064054-5 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town Blood accusation Russia Velizh History 19th century Antisemitism Russia Velizh History 19th century Jews Persecutions Russia Velizh History 19th century Trials (Murder) Russia Velizh Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4178248-3 (DE-588)4047577-3 (DE-588)4028814-6 (DE-588)4210882-2 |
| title | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town |
| title_auth | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town |
| title_exact_search | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town |
| title_full | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town Eugene M. Avrutin |
| title_fullStr | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town Eugene M. Avrutin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Velizh affair blood libel in a Russian town Eugene M. Avrutin |
| title_short | The Velizh affair |
| title_sort | the velizh affair blood libel in a russian town |
| title_sub | blood libel in a Russian town |
| topic | Blood accusation Russia Velizh History 19th century Antisemitism Russia Velizh History 19th century Jews Persecutions Russia Velizh History 19th century Trials (Murder) Russia Velizh Ritualmord (DE-588)4178248-3 gnd Prozess (DE-588)4047577-3 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Blood accusation Russia Velizh History 19th century Antisemitism Russia Velizh History 19th century Jews Persecutions Russia Velizh History 19th century Trials (Murder) Russia Velizh Ritualmord Prozess Judenverfolgung Russia Ethnic relations Velizh (Russia) Ethnic relations Velizh |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030088103&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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