The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bloomington, Indiana
Indiana University Press
[2017]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in antisemitism
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9780253029560 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations vii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
1. A Dangerous “Symphonia”: The Church-State Relationship and
Its Impact on the Jewish Community of Romania before June 22,1941 20
2. Perpetrator, Bystander, or Savior? The Romanian Orthodox Church
and the Holocaust (1941-1944) 41
3. The Jewish Community of Romania and the Romanian Orthodox
Church in the Aftermath of the Holocaust (1945-1948) 72
4. Cleansing the Past, Rewriting History: The Romanian Orthodox Church
from Active Involvement in the Holocaust to the Whitewashing Process 83
5. Forgetting the Truth, Forgetting the Dead: The Use of the Holocaust for
Political and Religious Agendas and the Persistence of Anti-Semitism
(1945-1948) 98
6. Behind Religious Harmony: The Romanian Orthodox Church and
the Jewish Community during the Communist Era (1948-1989) 116
7. The Romanian Orthodox Church, Holocaust Memory, and
Anti-Semitism during the Communist Era (1948-1989)
133
8. Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, and the Romanian Orthodox Church
after 1989: Understanding the Context of Holocaust Memory s Reemergence
in Postcommunist Romania 152
9. The Romanian Orthodox Church and Holocaust Memory after 1989 168
Conclusion 190
Appendix 203
Bibliography 213
Index 231
VI
CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. Archival Material
Unpublished
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archive
(USHMM): https;//www.ushmm.orgA
RG 25.084 Selected Records from the National Council for the Study of Securitate Archives
RG 25.021 Selected Records Relating to the Holocaust in Romania, 1941-2002, especially
reels 1,2,4,8,13,16,22,97,100,101,103
RG 25.047 Selected Records of the Foreign Information Service of Romania (SIE)
RG 25.002 Selected Records from the Romanian National Archives, reels 1,6,7,35
RG 10.297 Charles Kremer Collection
RG 25.051 Records of the World Jewish Congress in Romania
Jewish Press Periodicals from the Collection of the Romanian Academy Library
Consiliul National pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securităţii
(CNSAS): http://www.cnsas.ro/.
Fond Documentar [Documentary Fund]
D10419 Procesul Masacrului de la Iaşi [The Trial of the Jassy Massacre], 3 volumes
D11374 Comunitatea Evreilor din România, 1942-1943 [The Jewish Community of Romania,
1942- 1943]
D11381 Comunitatea Evreilor din România, 1943-1949 [The Jewish Community of Romania,
1943- 1949]
D11387 Problema Evreiască, 1943-1947 [The Jewish Problem, 1943-1947]
213
Dii433 Instrucţiuni şi ordine referitoare la reglementarea cetăţeniei evreieşti 1930-1939
[Instructions and Orders Related to the Regulation ofJewish Citizenship 1930-1939]
D11915 Situaţia Social-Politică, Economică; Starea de Spirit a Populaţiei, 1941-1950 [The
Socio-Political and Economic Situation, the Morale of the Population, 1941-1950]
D12088 Chestiunea Preoţească în Vechiul Regat, 1947-1948 [The Priesthood Issue in the Old
Kingdom, 1947-1948]
D12207 Organizarea şi Activitatea Populaţiei Evreieşti din Romania, 1918-1953 [The
Organization and Activity of the Jewish Population of Romania, 1918-1953]
D12208 Activitatea Sionistă a Unor Organizaţii Evreieşti din România. Starea de Spirit a
Populaţiei Evreieşti, Emigrarea in Palestina, Tezaurul unor Organizaţii Sioniste,
1936-1964 [The Zionist Activity of Some Jewish Organizations from Romania. The
Morale of the Jewish Population, Emigration to Palestine, the Treasury of Some Zionist
Organisations, 1936-1964]
D12210 Măsurile Represive împotriva Evreilor din Moldova, 1941-1942 [The Repressive
Measures against the Jews from Moldova, 1941-1942], 2 volumes
D12216 Revenirea în Moldova a Evreilor Deportaţi in Transnistria in 1944 [The Return to
Moldova of Jews Deported to Transnistria in 1944]
D13029 Procesul Complotist Antistatal în Frunte cu Rudolf Slansky [The Trial of the
Anti-State Plot Headed by Rudolf Slansky], volumes 1 and 5
013158 Criminalii de Război, 1950-1952 [War Criminals, 1950-1952]
D13273 Preoţi Operaţi 1945 [Priests Filed in 1945]
D14480 Procesul de la Nuremberg. Criminalii de Război Hitlerişti [The Nuremberg Trial.
The Hitlerist War Criminals]
D14578 Urmărirea Foştilor Legionari de către Organele de Securitate din fostul Judeţ Ilfov
[The Surveillance of the Former Legionaries by the Securitate in the Former County of
Ilfov]
D14673 Culte şi Secte după 23 August 1944 [Religions and Sects after 23 August 1944]
D164 Problema Evreiască, Anii 1948-1957 [The Jewish Problem, 1948-1957]
D169 Problema Evreiască pe Anul 1952 [The Jewish Problem, Year 1952]
D184 Emigraţia Politică Română [Romanian Political Immigration]
D3388 Declaraţii cu Privire la Deportarea Evreilor în Transnistria. Tratamentul Aplicat
Evreilor în Lagăre, 1948-1950 [Declarations Regarding the Deportation of Jews to
Transnistria. The Treatment ofjews in Lagers, 1948-1950]
D3415 Cultul Ortodox—Materiale Informative şi Diverse Verificări [The Orthodox
Church—Informative Materials and Various Checks]
D3455 Crime de Război şi Acţiuni Antisemite Săvârşite de Militari şi Poliţişti [War Crimes
and Anti-Semitic Actions Done by Military Personnel and by Policemen]
D56 Problema Preoţească în Vechiul Regat, 1945-1947 [The Priesthood Problem in the Old
Kingdom, i945֊i947]
D68 Nunciatura Papală, 1948-1949
214
BIBLIOGRAPHY
D7349 Buletin Informativ Anul 1946 [informative Bulletin, 1946]
D74 Starea de Spirit, Evidenţa şi Activitatea Duşmănoasă a Preoţilor Cultului Ortodoxin
anii 1948-1951 [The Morale, Evidence, and Hostile Activity of Orthodox Priests in
1948-1951]
D8171 Urmărirea şi Judecarea Criminalilor de Război Militari si Funcţionari din Aparatul de
Stat în anii 1944-1945 [The Prosecution and Trial of Military War Criminals and State
Functionaries, 1944-1945]
D8172 Urmărirea şi Judecarea Criminalilor de Război, 1944-194S [The Prosecution and Trial
ofWar Criminals, 1944-1945]
D8174 Arestarea şi Judecarea Persoanelor Civile şi Militare Vinovate de Dezastrul Ţării—
Crime de Război [The Arrest and Trial of Civilians and Military Individuals Guilty of
the Country’s Disaster—War Crimes]
D8175 Referitor la foştii guvernanţi şi funcţionari din Transnistria învinuiţi pentru crime de
război, cf. art. 14 din Convenţia de Armistiţiu—documente din perioada 1944-1945
[Regarding the Former Government Officials and Functionaries of Transnistria
Prosecuted for War Crimes According to Article 14 of the Armistice Convention—
Documents from 1944-1945]
D8177 Identificarea, Arestarea şi Judecarea Criminalilor de Război. Masacrul împotriva
Evreilor, 1944-1950 [Identification, Arrest, and Trial ofWar Criminals; The Massacre
against Jews, 1944-1950]
D8743 Sinteza Privind Cercetările Efectuate în Problema Sionistă, 1952 [Overview of the
Inquiries into the Zionist Problem, 1952]
D8750 Tabelele Nominale cu Rudele şi Membrii de Familie, Criminali de Război,
întocmite de DGSS şi Organe din Subordine in 1952 [Nominal Tables with
Relatives and Family Members, War Criminals, Compiled by DGSS and Auxiliary
Agencies in 1952]
D8889 Fond Documentar Privind Sioniştii, 1948 [Documentary File Regarding the Zionists,
1948]
D8891 Federaţia Sioniştilor din România (1945-1946) [The Zionist Federation of Romania
(1945-1946)]
D8925 Problema Preoţească în Vechiul Regat, 1948-1949 [The Priesthood Problem in the Old
Kingdom, 1948-1949]
D8927 Chestiunea Preoţească în Vechiul Regat, 1940-1945 [The Priesthood Issue in the Old
Kingdom, 1940-1945]
D12378 Problema Culte si Secte [The Cults and Sects Problem], 4 volumes
DIE 142 Privitor la Visarion Puiu [Regarding Visarion Puiu]
DIE 82 Privitor la Valerian Trifa[Regarding Valerian Trifa]
Fond de Urmărire [Surveillance Fund]
R 319280 Dosar Personal al Agentului, Numele Conspirativ “VALER* [Personal File of the
Agent, Code Name “VALER”]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
215
Fond Operativ [Operative Fund]
I234510 Arbore P Ion
IS6960 Sofian Ignatie
I86248 Teodorescu Costache
Institutul Naţional pentru Studierea Holocaustului din România,
Elie Wiesel (INSHREW): http://www.insh r-ew.ro/.
The USHMM copied microfiltned archive
RG-25.004M, Selected records from the Romanian Information Service, reels 19-22,23-26,27,28
RG 25.002, Selected records from the Romanian National Archives, reels 14,33
The institute’s library, including its journals archival collection: Holocaustul. Studii şi
Cercetări and Studia etActa Historiae ludaeorum Romaniae
Arhivele Naţionale ale României (ANR) [The National Archives of Romanía]:
(English Language Versión): http://www.arhivelenationale.ro/?lan=i.
ANR 2720, Ministerul Cultelor si Artelor [Ministry of Religions and Arts], 1933-1944:2/1943,
47/1943 94/1943; 134/1943; 180/1943
ANR 3323, Ministerul Cultelor si Artelor [Ministry of Religions and Arts], 1948-1968:6/1951,
8/1957
Centrul pentru Studiul Istoriei Evreilor din România (CSIER) [The Center for the Study
of the History of Romanian Jews]: http://www.csier.ro/.
Fond III: 9,12,60,473,623,858,1049,1068,1092
Fond V: 76,160,186,242,243,246,249, 262,266
Biblioteca Centrală Universitară, especially the Church journals archival collection:
Biserica Ortodoxă Română, Ortodoxia, Studii Teologice, Analele Bucovinei
Biblioteca Academiei Române, especially the Church journals archival collection: Cuvântul
Preoţesc, Luminătorul, Transnistria Creştină, Apostolul
Institutul de Istoria Artei „George Oprescu,” Church journals archival collection: Biserica
Orthodoxă Română (1938-1989), Studii Teologice
Published
Ancei, Jean. Documents Concerning the Fate of Romanian Jewry during the Holocaust. New
York: Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, 1986.
Benjamin, Lya, ed. Problema evreiască în stenogramele Consiliului de Miniştri [The Jewish
Question in the Minutes of the Council of Ministers], voi. 2 of Evreii din România între
anii 1940-1944 [Thejews of Romanía, 1940-1944]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996.
Carp, Matatías. Cartea Neagra [The Black Book]. Bucharest: Atelierele grafice Socec,
1946-1948. English edition: Carp, Matatías. Holocaust in Romanţa: Facts and Docu-
ments on the Annihilation of Romanía s Jews, 1940-1944. Harbor, FL: Simón, 2000.
216
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mircu, Marius. Pogromurile din Bucovina si Dorohot [The Pogroms ín Bukovina and Dorohoi],
Bucharest: Glob, 1945*
Taneva, Albena, ed. The Power 0/Civil Society in a Time of Genocide: Proceedings of the Holy
Synod ofthe Bulgárián Orthodox Church on the Rescue ofthe Jews in Bulgaria, 1940-1944.
Sofia: Sofia TJniversity Press, 2005.
Traşcă, Ottmar. Al îîîAea Reich şi Holocaustul din România: 1940-1944. Documente din
arhivele germane [The Third Reich and the Holocaust in Romania: 1940-1944.
Documentsfrom German Archives], Bucharest: INSHREW, 2007.
II. JOURNALS
Analele Bucovinei. Bucharest, Rădăuţi: Editura Academiei Române, 1994-
Apostolul, Jurnalul Arhiepiscopiei Bucureştilor. Bucharest: Tipografia Cărţilor Bisericeşti,
1924-1940
Biserica Ortodoxă Română, Revista Sfântului Sinod. Bucharest: Tipografia Institutului Biblic
şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1874-
Cuvântul Preoţesc. Rădăuţi: Văd. Blondovschi, 1934-1942
Holocaustul Studii şi Cercetări, Jurnalul INSHREW, 2009-
Luminătorul, Revista Eparhiei Chişinăului Si Hotinului. Chişinau: Tip. Eparhiala, 1923-1944
Ortodoxia, Revista Patriarhiei Române. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Biblic si de Misiune
Ortodoxă, 19SÖ-1995
Studia etActa Históriáé Iudaeorum Romániáé. Bucharest: Hasefer, 2002-
Studii Teologice, Publicaţie a Facultăţii de Teologie din Bucureşti. Bucharest: Editura Bucovina,
1929-1940
Studii Teologice, Revista Institutelor Teologice din Patriarhia Româna. Bucharest; Editura
Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune Ortodoxă, 1949-
Transnistria Creştină, Revista Misiunii Bisericeşti Pentru Transnistria.Odessz: 1942-1943
III. SPEECHES AND OEFICIAL DECLARATIONS/TELEGRAMS
Comitetul de Redacţie [Editorial Board]. “Războiul Sfânt de Dezrobire” [The Holy
War of Restoration]. Biserica Ortodoxă Română (BOR) 59; nos. 5-6 (May-June 1941):
337-
Cristea, Miron Patriarhul României. “Apelul Guvernului către ţară.” Apostolul 14, no. 4 (15
February 1938): 43“45*
“Cronica interna, telegrama trimeasă Domului Mareşal Ion Antonescu” [Internai Chronicle,
the Telegram Sent to Marshal Ion Antonescu]. BOR 59; nos. 9-10 (September-
October 1941): 600-601.
“Cruceabiruitoare” [The Victorious Cross], BOR 61, nos. 1-3 (January-March 1943)։ 1-10.
“Declaraţia IPS Sale Mitropolitul Nicolae Bălan” [The Declaration of His Holiness
Metropolitan Nicolae Bălan], Apostolul 15, no. 12 (1-30 July 1939): 141-14*·
BIBLIOGRAPHY
217
“Schimb de telegrame între Prea Fericitul Părinte Iustinian Patriarhul Bisericii Ortodoxe
Române şi Eminenţa Sa, Dr. Moses Rosen, şef rabinul cultului mozaic din România”
[Exchange of Telegrams between His Holiness Iustinian, the Patriarch of the Romanian
Orthodox Church, and His Eminency, Dr. Moses Rosen, the Chief Rabbi of the Jewish
Community (Mosaic Religion) of Romania]. BOR 92, nos. 5-6 (May-June 1974): 560-561.
Nicodim, Patriarhul României. “Cuvânt pentru post, pentru oştire şi pentru ogor” [Message
for the Fast, Army and Land]. BOR 60, nos. 1-4 (January-April 1942): 3-12.
-------. “Cuvântul Bisericii pentru Războiul Sfânt” [The Churchs Message on the Holy War].
BOR 59, nos. 7-8 (July-August 1941)։ 377~38i.
-------. “Cuvântul de Binecuvântare al Bisericii pentru Anul Nou 1944” [The Church s Message
ofBlessing for the New Year 1944]. BOR 62, nos. 1-3 (January-March 1944): 1-5.
-------. “îndemnul IPS Patriarh Nicodim către Popor” [The Appeal of H. H. Patriarch
Nicodim to the People]. BOR 63, nos. 1-3 (January-March 1945): 88-89,
-------. “Pastorala cu Ocazia încheierii Armistiţiului dintre România şi Statele Aliate din 23
August 1944” [The Pastoral Letter Concerning the Signing of the Armistice between
Romania and the Allies, 23 August 1944]· BOR 62, nos. 7-12- (July-December 1944):
219-223.
Rosen, Moses. “Mesajul Eminenţei Sale Dr. Moses Rosen Şef Rabinul Cultului Mozaic din
România.” BOR 86, no. 6 (June 1968): 540-541.
Sfântul Sinod al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române. “Pastorala din Partea Sinodului Bisericii
Ortodoxe Române” [The Pastoral Letter of the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox
Church]. BOR63, nos. 7-8 (July-August 1945): 289-292.
Simedrea, Tit. “Cuvântarea IPSS Tit Simedrea Mitropolitul Bucovinei cu prilejul dechiderii
adunării eparhiale” [The Speech of His Holiness Tit Simedrea, the Metropolitan of
Bukovina, at the Opening of the Church Assembly]. Cuvântul Preoţesc 9, no. 5
(May 1942)։ 1-3·
IV. Testimonies and Memoirs
Imbrescu, Ilie. Biserica §i Mifcarea Legionara [The Church and the Legionary Movement].
Bucharest: Cartea Rom^neaca, 1940.
Mircu, Marius. Oameni de omenie in vremuri de neomenie [Humane People in In-Humane
Times]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996.
Rosen, Moses, and Joseph Finklestone. Dangers, Tests and Miracles: The Remarkable Life Story
of Chief Rabbi Rosen of Romania. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1990.
Safran, Alexandre. Resisting the Storm, Romania 1940-1947: Memoirs. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1987.
V. Selected books and articles
Selected books
Ancel, Jean. Contribufii la istoria Romdniei: problema evreiascd [Contributions to the History
of Romania: The Jewish Problem]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 2001.
218
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-------. Transnistria, 1941-1942: The Romanian Mass Murder Campaigns. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv
University, 2003.
Anghelescu, Gheorghe R, and Cristian Untea. Father Dumitru Stăniîoae: A Worthy Disciple of
the Classical Patristics: Bio-bibliography. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 2009.
Bănică, Mirel. Biserica Ortodoxă Română: stat şi societate în anii 30 [The Romanian Orthodox
Church—State and Society in the 1930s]. Iaşi, Romania: Polirom, 2007.
Bauer, Yehuda. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee, 1939-1945* Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1982.
Bobango, Gerald J. The Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America: The First Half Century,
1929-1979. Jackson, MI: Romanian-American Heritage Center, 1979.
Boia, Lucian. Istorie şi mit in conştiinţa românească [History and Myth in Romanian
Consciousness]. Bucharest: Humanitás, 1997.
Braham, Randolph L, The Treatment of the Holocaust in Hungary and Romania during the
Post-Communist Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
-------. The Vatican and the Holocaust: The Catholic Church and the Jews during the Nazi Era.
New York: Rosenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies, 2000.
Buzilă, Boris. Din istoria vieţii bisericeşti din Basarabia 1812-1944 [A History of the Bessara-
bian Church 1812-1944]. Bucharest: Fundaţiile Culturale Române, 1996.
Byford, Jovan. Denial and Repression of Antisemitism: Post-Communist Remembrance of the
Serbian Bishop Nikola) Velimirovié. New York: Central European University Press, 2008.
Cajal, Nicolae, and Hary Kuller, eds. Contribuţia evreilor din România la cultură şi civilizaţie
[The Contribution of Romanian Jews to the Culture and Civilization]. Bucharest:
Hasefer, 2004.
Caravia, Paul. The Imprisoned Church: Romania 1944-1989. Bucharest: National Institute for
the Study of Totalitarianism, 1999.
Cleopa, Ilie. Despre credinţa ortodoxă [About the Orthodox Faith]. Bucharest: Editura
Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1985.
-------. Ne vorbeşte părintele Cleopa [Father Cleopa Is Speaking to Us]. 3rd ed. Neamţ,
Romania: Mănăstirea Sihăstria, 2004.
Coja, Ion. Protocoalele kogaionului: teze şi ipoteze, consemnate şi autentificate de Ion Coja pentru
a se înţelege şi evalua corect contenciosul româno-evreiesc, inclusiv—aşa numindu-I
unii—holocaustul din România [The Protocols of Zion: Thesis and Hypothesis,
Recorded and Authenticated by Ion Coja for a Good Understanding of the Jewish-
Romanian Discord, Including the So-Called Holocaust in Romania]. Bucharest: Ţara
Noastră, 2004.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
229
INDEX
Actes et Documents du Saint Siège relatifs k
la Seconde Guerre Mondiale (ADSS), 10
Alexander, Michael Solomon, 88
Alexei, as patriarch of the Russian Orthodox
Church, 79; as Metropolitan of Leningrad,
86
Allies, Romania joining with, 72-73, 77; 83,
10s, 111
Ancel, Jean, 3, $8; on anti-Semitism, 12,
109-110,183; on Romanian Orthodox
Church, in Transnistria, 13,19030,44,53,
56
anti-Horthyst/Hungarian narrative, 170
anti-Semitic verses, in religious liturgy,
126-127
anti-Semitism: between 1939 and 1945,3;
Ancel on, 12,109-110,183; of Balan, 34,52,
54,111,133,147; during Communist era
(1948-1989); *; 116-119,121,133-134; of
Cristea, 27, 31-33,39n6i, 41,95,133,170;
documents relating to, 137; economic and
racial, 47,66; of Goga, 33,133,143,146,192,
208} of Iron Guard, 7, 26,34,59,123,124,
143,159,175,176,198; of Popescu, 33,43-44,
100,127,133,137,147,161; of Puiu, 33,34-35,
63-64; religious, 45,47-48,98,101,102,
104,111; revival of, 16,153; in Russia, 21;
themes of, 48; after war, 73,76. See also
journals, of Romanian Orthodox Church;
Romanian Orthodox Church, anti-
Semitism of
anti-Semitism (1943-1948), Holocaust and:
cover up, friendly relations, and, 110-112;
memory of, 105-110; for political and
religious disputes, 98-101; religious
harmony agenda relating to, 101-105,124,
126
anti-Zionism, 116,117,121
Antonescu, Ion, 45,59,60-61,64-67,210;
among 100 Greatest Romanians, 192;
monument to, 174,204; Nicodim and, 26,
36; regime of, 6,7,27,29,30,35-36,41,
74-75,84,162,170,172; Safran and, 85; trial
of, 106
Arab-Israeli negotiations, 192
Arabs, 118,119
Arafat, Yasser, 118,184
Arápa^u, Teoctist (patriarch), 6,177; as Iron
guard sympathizer, 185; Lerman and, 174,
205; Petre Govora and, 184-197; rise of, 78,
123-125,154; Rosen and, 181-182
Aryanization, 41
ASCOR, 176
atheists, 55, 69n45
Balan, Nicolae, 14,23,33,143,206; anti-
Semitism of, 34,52,54, in, 133,147;
intervention relating to, S9-60,63-65, 67,
90,174,185; Iron Guard and, 26,27,
99-100; Safran and, 59-60
baptism, 24, 33, 44,48,52-57,60—61,203}
Holy Synod relating to, 89-90,91-92
231
Belzec, 23, 30, 35,57, 67,74, 169,170
Benjamin, Lya, 13,57,157
Berlin Peace Conference, 21
Bloody Days in Jassy: June 28-30,1941· See
Zile însîngerate la Iaşi: 2S-30 iunie 1941
“Bolshevik Dragon/’ 45,84
Bolshevism, 87. See also Judeo-Bolshevik
propaganda
Braham, Randolph, 10,11,16,162,171
Bucharest pogrom, 29,51,106,123,185
Burducea, Constantin, 99,102
Byford, Jovan, 8,11
Byzantine world, 141
Cajal, Nicolae, 157
Camp David Accords, 118
canonization, of Romanian saints, 3,122,14$,
161
Carol I (king), 28
Carol II (king), 28-29, 31,34-35/4h ¿3,66,
106
Cassulo, Andrea, 10,61,101
Catholic Church, 183,191; French, 9;
Holocaust involvement of, 10,57,61,89,91,
183,191; Orthodox Church and, 140-141
Catholic Commission for Religious
Relations with Jews, 9
Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 5,7,123,146,158; cover
up relating to, 117-118,119,129ml; fall of,
152,153,1S6,168,181,192,195
cemetery, of Romanian Jews, 94,117,163
Christian denomination views, toward Jews,
2,9,10
Christian Roundtable of Eastern Orthodox
priests, 180
“Church as a savior of Jews” myth, 9,11,14,
91-95,153,182
churches: desecration of, 105; as victim
of communism, 156. See also specific
churches
church-state relationship, 20; Cristea
relating to, 31-33; particularities of
Holocaust in Romania, 28-31; Romanian
Jews, March 1939 through June 1941,
34-36; Romanian Orthodox Church and
Jews prior to 1938,23-28. See also Jews of
Romania
citizenship, of Romanian Jews, 8,21-23,34,
41,144
“Clean Wehrmacht, 191
Cleopa, Ilie, 175
clergy, 25,44,172; Iron Guard and, 50,106,
107,108,109,185; rescue efforts of, 61-62;
trials of, so-$3 105-110
Coja, Ion, 185-186
collaboration, with Nazis, 110-112,183,193,
196
Communism: church as victim of, 156;
national, 123,143-145-148; religious
harmony agenda, after Holocaust with,
101-105,124-125,126; Romanian Orthodox
Church and, 3,4/ 8-9,11,13-14,15,72,
74-75,77-80,87. See also Jews of Romania,
Communism and
“The Communist Anti-Christianity”
(Popescu), 43-44/127
Communist era, in Romania (1948-1989),
145-148; anti-Semitism during, 2,116-119,
121,133-134; cover up campaign, of 1945
during, 98,101; emigration during, 120;
fall of, 2,3, 7/ 9/12/153-158,177/182,198;
Holocaust memory during, 133-137; Jewish
community during, 120-122; Jewish-
Orthodox relations during, 124-129,179;
political gain of, 134; Puiu case during,
134; Romanian Orthodox Church
during, 122-124,133-137; Trifa case
during, 134-137
Communist Jews, 75,104,116,127
Concerned Jewish Youth, 136
Consiliul Mondial Evreiesc (CME),
107-108
Consiliul Naţional pentru Studierea
Arhivelor Fostei Securităţi (CNSAS)
(Council for the Study of the Former
Securitate Archives), 5,13-15,50,79,107,
136
conversion, of Jews, 13,47,61,63,67,172;
church documents relating to, 24,88-91;
Holy Synod relating to, 33,53-57/ 66,90,
91-92,171
Coptic Orthodox Church, 139
Council for the Study of the Former
Securitate Archives. See Consiliul
Naţional pentru Studierea Arhivelor
Fostei Securităţi
Covaci, Maria, 15,119
cover up campaign: of Ceauşescu, 117-118,
119,129m i; Communist era and, 98,101;
friendly relations, Holocaust and, 110-112;
Nica and, 91-95/ 99; Nicodim relating to,
98-99,194; postwar trials relating to, 99;
232
INOIX
religious anti-Semitism and, 98; of
Romanian government, 98,153,197
Crainic, Nichifor, 43,4 6,161
Crans-Montana Forum, 184
Cristea, Miron (patriarch), 23,147,207,208;
anti-Semitism of, 27, 31-33; 39*i6i, 41,95;
133; 170,177,198; church-state relationship
and, 3i~33; death of, 34; Deportation and
Romanianization policies of, 32-33; 41;
influence of, on fate of Jews, 31-33; 41; as
prime minister, i,8-9, 20, 28-29,53,65,90
Cristian, S. C., 94-95
Crusaders, 141
Cushing, Richard James (cardinal), 140-141
Cuza, Alexandru C., 23,26, 28, 31, 33
Cuza, Alexandru loan, 25,26
Daniel (patriarch), 4,154,175
Defense of Peace program, 122,124,143
deicide, 138
Dej, Gheorghiu, 117,120,122-123
denial, of Holocaust, 7,160,162-164,174,
182
Deportation and Romanianization policies,
of Cristea, 32—33; 41
deportations, 157; to Belzec, 30, 35, S7,67,74,
169-170; halting of, 58; of Romanian Jews,
30, 32-33; to Transnistria, 55,73; 85,92
destruction: of French Jewry, 190; of
Romanian Jewry, 1,11,20,21, 29,62,172,
176,197
Displaced Persons Act, 13S
documents: about anti-Semitism, 137; about
conversion, 88-91; about Holocaust,
137-145
Dumitriu-Snagov, Ion, 10
Eastern Europe: church-state relations
in, 27; Holocaust memory in, 2,183;
nationalismin, 2,158; Orthodox churches
of, 3,11, 46,199
economic and racial anti-Semitism, 47,66
economy, between Israel and Romania, 184
Elie Wiesel International Commission on
the Holocaust in Romania, Final Report
Of, 7; 27; 73; 152-153; 157; 1Ö2, 184
Elie Wiesel National Institute for the
Study of the Holocaust in Romania
(INSHREW), 1,13,14,15,158-159; 162-163,
176-177
emigration (1948-1989), 120,153
Faculty of Theology, in Bucharest, 35,56,176
fall: of Ceauşescu, 152,153,156,168,181,192,
195; of Communism, 2, 3,7,9,12,153-158,
177,182,198
“Fate of Martyrs,” 176,177
Fecioru, Dumitru, 86,87, 99
Federation of Jewish Communities of
Romania (FCER) (Federaţia
Comunităţilor Evreieşti din România), 23;
58, 75-76,122,157; 158
Final Report of the Presidential Commission
for the Analysis of Communist Dictatorship,
123
Final Solution, 170
Filderman, Wilhelm, 57,58, 75; 117
First Solution, 41
Florián, Alexandru, 16,162,163,176,177; 19S
Four Years of Wrath, Notes of a Jew from
Romania. See Patru Ani de Urgie. Notele
Unui Evreu din România
France, Puiu in, 134
French Catholic Church, 9
French Jewry, destruction of, 190
Friedländer, Saul, 11,198
From Traitor to Saint : Bishop Nikola)
Velimirovič in Serbian Public Memory
(Byford), 11
gendarmerie, Romanian, 30, 38n43
Gillet, Olivier, 14,27-28
glorification-victimization myth, 19s
Goga, Octavian, anti-Semitism of, 33,133;
143; 146, 192; 208
Goga-Cuza government, 20,28,31-32, 90
government cover up campaign, 98,153
Govora Law, 24,89
Govrin, Yosef, 15,119
Great Union, 25,26
Greater Romania, 25,159; 169; 193
Greater Romania Party, 159,174
Greek Orthodox Church, 73,124
Groza, Petru, 72,78,98,103
The History of Jews from Ancient Times to
the Balfour Declaration. See Istoria
Evreilor din cele mai vechi timpuri până la
Declaraţia Balfour
Holocaust: awareness of, 178-181; Catholic
Church involvement of, 10; debate on,
152-153; denial of, 7; 160, 162-164; 174; 182;
growing interest in, 196; hasty
INDEX
233
Holocaust: awareness of (cont.)
deportations during, 30; in Hungary, 12,
170-171; Judaism documents and, 137* i45;
Orthodox churches relating to, 8,15; in
Poland, 12; in Romania, particularities of,
28-31. See also anti-Semitism (1945-1948);
Holocaust and; Romanian Orthodox
Church, Holocaust and (1941-1944);
Romanian Orthodox Church, Holocaust
and (1945-1948); survivors
The Holocaust, 119
Holocaust memory, 124-129; during
Communist era, in Romania (1948-1989),
133-137; concept of, 11-12; of Eastern
Europe, 2; false collective, 192; Holy Synod
and, 173-177; Israel and, 16,152,182,183; of
Romania, 2,8-9,16,72,152-153,162,190;
Romanian Orthodox Church and, 153,157,
162,178-181,195-199; trials relating to,
105-110. See also Romanian Orthodox
Church, Holocaust memory and (after 1989)
Holocaust myths, 197; Church as a savior of
Jews,” 9,11,14,91-95; 153; 182; glorification-
victimization, 195; of Romanian Orthodox
Church, 128,141-145,146,148,179
Holy Synod, 4,5-6,154,156; baptism relating
to, 89-90, 91-91; conversions relating to,
53-57,65,66,90,91-91; 171; Holocaust
memory and, 173-177; policies of, 28,33,35,
78, 86-87; politics relating to, 155; Puiu
and, 134,137; Roma survivors and, 178-181;
Trifa and, 137
Holy War of Restoration, 41-43
Hungary: Holocaust in, 12,170-171; Jews in,
144
Iacob, Lazar, 77-78
Iliescu, Ion, 152
International Organization for Migration
(IOM), 178
International Tracing Service (ITS), 14
intervention: of Bàlan, 59-60,63-65,67,90,
174; 185; of Nicodim, 60-61,63-65,185
interwar period, 193-194,198,199
intolerance, of Romania, 141,170,197
Ionfta, Alexandru, 169-170,171,186m, 197
Irineu, Mihalcescu (Metropolitan of
Moldova, 1939-1947), 13; 55; 79; ill; 118
Iron Guard, 3, i8n24, 19; 33; 93; anti-Semitism
of, 7; 16, 34; 59; 1*3; 114, H3; 1S9, 175; 176,
198; Bâlan and, 26,27,99-100; clergy and,
50,106,107,108,109,18s; as German
agency, 128; power of, 31,35-36,75;
rebellion of, 106; Teoctist relating to, 185;
Trifa and, 135,136,198
Israel, 16,116; Arabs and, 118,119; economy
between Romania and, 184; Holocaust
memory and, 16,152,182,183; Romania and,
9,183; Romanian Jews immigrating to, 120,
192; Romanian Orthodox pilgrims in, 184
Israel State Archive, 117-118
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 184
Istoria Evreilor din cele mai vechi timpuri până
la Declaraţia Balfour (Pineles) (The History
of Jews from Ancient Times to the Balfour
Declaration), 92-93
Jesus, Jews blamed for death of, 45,126,127,
139; 177
Jewish Community, during Communist era
(1948-1989), 1,73-76,120-122
Jewish Democratic Committee, 75
Jewish press, 126, i32n48
Jewish-Christian dialogue, 178-181,199
Jewish-Orthodox relations (1948-1989);
124-129,179
Jews: Communist, 127; in Hungary, 73,144;
immigration of, to Israel, 120,192; Jesus
death blamed on, 139,177; Romania as
shelter for, 170; savior of, 9,11,14; 91-95;
153,182,183. See also conversion, of Jews
Jews of Romania: anti-Semitic persecution
of, 1; cemetery relating to, 94, H7; 163;
Christian denomination views toward,
2,9,10; citizenship of, 8,21-23,34; 4I;
144; Communism and, 41,49,120-122;
conciliatory approach of, 182; conversion
of, 13,24,33; 17*; Cristea and fate of, 31-33;
41; culture of, 22-23; damage repaired
by, 156-157; deportations of, 30,32֊—33;
destruction of, 1,11,20,21,29,62,172,176,
197; history of, 21-23; killing of, in
Transnistria, 44-46,48-49; 73; 89,110,
153,170; March 1939 through June 1941,
34-36; in military, 22; treatment of, 8-9;
in universities, 22. See also Romanian
Orthodox Church, Jews and (1948-1989);
Romanian Orthodox Church, Jews and
(after fall of Communism); Romanian
Orthodox Church, Jews and (prior to 1938)
Jews of Romania, after World War II:
anti-Semitism, 73, 76; Communists and,
234
INDEX
74-75; decrease în, 73,120; emigration of,
120,153; as refugees, 74; restitution for, 74;
survivors of, 73—74, iS7
John XXIII (pope), 191
John Paul II (pope), 9
journals, of Romanian Orthodox Church,
13-16,133; central, 42-46} regional, 47-49;
whitewashing process in, 87-88
Judaism: mention of, 179; theological
approach to, 142
Judeo-Bolshevik propaganda, 43-45 49* 51,
66, 84
Justinian (patriarch), 122-123,124,127,146
Karetski, Aurel, 15,119
killing, of Jews, in Transnistria, 44-46,
48-49, 73, 89, no, 153,170
Kramer, Charles, 14,135,13 6
Lavi, Theodor, 10
Law for the Revision of Citizenship, 20,33,
41
Legionnaires, 29,177
Legionary Rebellion, 50,107,135
Legionary State, 35,64,107
Lerman, Miles, 173-174,204,205
Leuştean, Lucian, 25, 27-28, 83,95m
The Little Ewe Lamb. See Mioriţa
Maniu, Iuliu, 104
Manolache, Teodor, 88, 91-95,169,171-172
martyrology, competitive, 160
Mein Kampf, 160
memory. See Holocaust memory
Messiah, 47-48
metropolitans, in Romania, 23-24,26
Michael the Brave, 146
Mioriţa (The Little Ewe Lamb), 193-194
missionary campaign, in Transnistria, 49,
52-56,66
Moisescu, Iustin (patriarch), 123,125,126,
179,182
monument, to Antonescu, 174,2 04
moral conscience, 196
moral responsibility, 196
Morley, John, 10
Munteanu, Nicodim (patriarch), 24,34,41,
93,209,210,2ivf Antonescu and, 26,36;
appointment of, 35, 391175; with cover up
campaign, 98-99,194; death of, 72-73, 79;
intervention efforts of, 60-61, 63-65,185;
replacement of, 100; Safran and, 94,111-112;
whitewashing message of, 83-86; writings
relating to, 43, 45, 87-88, 203
The Murderers Among Us (Wiesenthal), 118
Museum of Jewish Culture and Civilization
in Bucharest, 119
Museum of the History of the Jewish
Community of Romania, 144
National Bank of Romania (NBR), 1
National Christian Defense League, 124
National Christian Party, 28
national Communism, 123,143,145-148
National Council of Churches, 136
National Institute for the Study of
Totalitarianism, 106
National Union of Christian Students, 135
nationalism, 9; of 1990s, 159; in Eastern
Europe, 2; Orthodox, 1-2, 3,128,133,
145-148,156; postcommunist, 158;
Romanian Orthodox Church, anti-
Semitism of, and, 152,158-162,197
Nazis: atrocities committed by, 133,136,190;
collaboration with, 110-112,183,193,196;
genocide of, 9; myths about, 162-163,
193-194; regime of, 10, 45,118,199;
Romanian Orthodox Church archives
relating to, 137,141,144; Romanians as
victims of, 128,191; Trifa relating to, 135
New Generation Party, 155,159
Nica, Antim (bishop), 15; conversion
documents and, 88-91; with cover up
campaign, 91-9S, 99; in Transnistria, 61,
87, 991109; writings of, 169-170,171,197
non-Christian religions, 138,141-142
Norwegian Lutheran mission, 61,89
Nostra Aetate declaration, 116,133,137-145,
179
Old Kingdom, of Romania, 22, 23, 28,31, 34,
63, 74
Orthodox Church, 113023; Christian-
humane attitude of, 171; Coptic, 139; of
Eastern Europe, 11,46,199; Greek, 73,124;
Holocaust relating to, 8,15; non-Christian
religions and, 138,141-142; religious
harmony agenda with, 101-105,124-125,126;
ROCOR, 134; Russian, 3; Serbian, 8,11,
181, 20005. See also Catholic Church;
Romanian Orthodox Church; Romanian
Orthodox Church, anti-Semitism of
INDEX
235
Orthodox Holocaust theology, lack of,
195-199
Orthodox martyrs, 176
Orthodox nationalism, 1-2,3,128,133,
145-148,156
Orthodoxy, Romanian ethnicity and,
160-161
“others,” 159,161,190,194-195
Păcurariu, Mircea, 143
Palace of the Patriarchate, 101,168,184-186,
207, 208
Pale of Settlement, 22
Pârvu, Iustin, 7,175-176,181, i87n20
patriarchs, 17m; coins in celebration of, 1,
163. See also specific patriarchs
Patru Ani de Urgie. Notele Unui Evreu din
România (Cristian) (Four Years of Wrath.
Notes of a Jew from Romania), 94-95
Pauker, Anna, 127-128,148
Păulescu, Nicolae, 43
People s Republic, Romania as, 72,8on2
Peres, Shimon, 183,184
Petre, Gheorghe, 61,67,168,197; as Righteous
Among the Nations, 184-186
Petru Vodă monastery, 7
Pineles, Jacques, 92-93
Pius XII (pope), 10,182,191
Pius XII and the Holocaust, Current State of
Research, n
pogroms, 29,30,55,73
Poland, Holocaust in, 12
political and religious disputes, anti-
Semitism and, 98-101
Political Bureau of the Communist Party,
126
politics, of Holy Synod, 155
Popescu, Teodor, 93,186; anti-Semitism of,
33; 43-44; 100,127; 133; 137; 147; 161; at
Faculty of Theology, 35; 56
Popoviči, Nicolae (bishop), 64,100-101
Porter, Ivor, 104-105
postcommunist nationalism, 158
postcommunist Romania, 16,159
postwar trials, 99
Preoţi în tranşee 1941-194S (Nicolescu,
Dobrescu, and Nicolescu) (Priests in
Trenches 1941-1945J, 13
prime minister, Cristea as, 1,8-9,20,28-29,
53; $5,90
Progressive Judaism Society, 180
propaganda, 160,168; Judeo-Bolshevik,
43-45, 49; Si; 66, 84
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 160
Puiu, Visarion, 15, 23, 26, 45-46, 615
anti-Semitism of, 33,34-35; 63-64;
defrocking of, 134; in France, 134; Holy
Synod and, 134,137; in missionary
campaign, 49; rehabilitation of, 169,173;
198; trial of, 50,99,108-110,134-137; Trifa
and, 134
re-Christianization, of Transnis tria, 52
refugees, of Jewish community, after war, 74
rehabilitation: of Puiu, 169,173,198; of
rightwing anti-Semites, 128,133,13%
143,146,147; 15$; 177; 192; of Trifa, 169,
173; 198
religious harmony agenda, after Holocaust:
enforced by Communists, 101-105,124-125;
desecrated churches relating to, 105; with
Orthodox Church, 101-105,124; 126
remembrance. See Holocaust memory
repentance, need of as acknowledged by the
Romanian Orthodox Church, 196
rescue efforts, 57; by Bálan, S9-60; of clergy,
61-62; halting of deportations, 58; of
Safran, 58-60; of Simedrea, $8-59; 6°,
63-64
restitution, of property, 74
“Retracing the Roman Apostolate” (Nica),
88,109
Righteous Among the Nations, 58-59,61,67,
168,184-186
Roma Holocaust survivors, 168; Holy Synod
and, 178-181
Romania: Allies joined by, 72-73; 77; 83,
105,111; “Emergency Democracy” in,
184; in EU and NATO, 152; Goga-Cuza
government in, 20,28,31-32; government
cover up campaign of, 98,153; Holocaust
involvement of, 157; Holocaust memory
of, 2, 8-9,16, 72,152-153,162,190;
intolerance of, 141,170,197; Israel and, 16,
184; metropolitans in, 23-24,26;
noninvolvement of, 170; Old Kingdom of,
28,31,61,63,74; as People’s Republic, 72,
8on2; postcommunist, 16,159; as shelter
for Jews, 170; tolerance of, 169; in war
against the USSR, 29-3°; 41-43, 46,58,
66,84,86-87,171,184. See also Communist
era, in Romania (1948-1989)
236
INDEX
Romanian Academy, 157,160
Romanian Cassation Court, 109,110
Romanian Communist authorities:
anti-Zionist policy of, 116,117,12.1; views on
Israel, 116-119
Romanian Foreign Affairs Secret Service,
136
Romanian Jewish community. See Jews of
Romania
Romanian Orthodox Church: in America,
169; archives of, 5-6,13-14; clergy of, 25,
172; collaboration with Communist
regime, no-112,196; Communism and, 3,
4, 8-9,11,13-14, IS, 72, 74-75, 77-80, 87;
during Communist era, in Romania
(1948-1989), 122-124,133-137; five
patriarchs of, 1; hierarchy of, 98-101,155,
198; Holocaust memory of, 153,162,
178-181,195-199; Holocaust myths about,
128,141-145,146,148,179; Israel and, 9,
183-184; journals of, 13-16,133; mixed
messages of, 2; national Communism and,
145-148; in postcommunist Romania, 16;
power of, 3-4; religious education and, 4;
need for repentance acknowledged by,
196; research methodology of, 2,3, 8-12;
silence of, 12; socio-political influence of,
2,4-6; state financing for, 154-155;
theological views of, 4-5; in Transnistria,
Ancel on, 19030,44,53,56; as victim of
Communism, 156; victimization of, 3,4,
156,191,193,196
Romanian Orthodox Church, anti-Semitism
of, 1,5; nationalism and, 152,158-162,197;
research sources on, 2-3,8-12; treatment
of Jews relating to, 8-9; before war, 12.
See also church-state relationship
Romanian Orthodox Church, Holocaust
and (1941-1944): attitude relating to, 41,
65-67; central journals relating to, 42-46;
conversion relating to, 53-57; internal
and external relations, 62-65; regional
journals relating to, 47-49; rescue efforts
relating to, 57-62; Transnistria, 50-53
Romanian Orthodox Church, Holocaust
and (1945-1948), 72; attitude of, 77-80;
Communist influence on, 77-80; Jewish
community, 73-76
Romanian Orthodox Church, Holocaust
memory and (after 1989): Holy Synod
relating to, 173-177J Israel relating to,
181-186; Jewish-Christian dialogue
relating to, 178-181,199; whitewashing
narrative relating to, 168-172
Romanian Orthodox Church, Jews and
(1948-1989): Holocaust and Judaism
documents of, 137-145. See also
Communist era, in Romania
Romanian Orthodox Church, Jews and
(after fall of Communism), 153-154,
157-158; with church leadership, 156; with
politics, 155
Romanian Orthodox Church, Jews and
(prior to 1938): conversion relating to, 13,
24, 33; symphonia relating to, 20, 27;
treatment of, 23-28
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate in America,
135
Romanian Orthodox pilgrims, in Israel, 184
Romanian Parliament, 155
Romanian Patriarchate, 5, 7,52, s6,57,60,109
Romanian People s Salvation Cathedral,
154-155
Romanian saints, canonization of, 3,122,145,
161
Romànianism, 41, 46, 48,55,161
Rosen, Moses (chief rabbi), 14-16, 75-76,
121-122,125,135,157,181-182
Rotman, Liviu, 15,73,75,117
Russia: anti-Semitism in, 21; Romania in war
against, 29-30, 41-43» 46,58,66,84» 86-87,
171,184; Romania supported by, 72,84
Russian Orthodox Church, 3,79, 87,145
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
(ROCOR), 134
Safran, Alexandre (chief rabbi), 13,56,58,
122; Antonescu and, 85; Bàlan and, 59-60;
exile of, 75; memoir of, 67,75,76,112;
Nicodim and, 94,111-112
Scriban, Iulius, 49,52,56
Second Vatican Council: deicide relating to,
138; Nostra Aetate declaration of, 116,133,
137-145,179
Serbian Orthodox Church, 8,11,181,20005
Shafir, Michael, 16,118,160,176,190
Shoah, 6,72,138,152,153· See also Holocaust
Simedrea, Tit, 58-59, 60,63-64,100
Simon Wiesenthal Center, 183
“Six Years of Patriarchate of His Holiness
Nicodim” (Fecioru), 86
Six-Day War, 117
INDEX
237
Slansky trial, 116-117; 129m
Social Democratic Party, 4,76, 155
socio-political influence, of Romanian
Orthodox Church, 2,4-6,155
Solomonescu, N,,54
Soviet Union. See Russia
StSniloae, Dumitru, 160-161,195,197
Stephen the Great, 145,146,161,175
survivors: Holocaust testimony of, 14; Holy
Synod and, 178-181; after war, 73-74; 157,
168
symphonia, 20,27
Synod of the Moldova Metropolitanate, 4
Taneva, Albena, 11
Tighina Treaty, 42
Transnistria, 30,42; Ancel on Romanian
Orthodox Church in, I9n30, 44; S3; 5 5;
deportations to, $5; 73; 8$, 92; killing of
Jews in, 44-46; 48-49; 73; 89; 110,153; 170;
missionary campaign in, 49; 52-56,66;
Nica in, 61,87,99,109; re-Christianization
of, 52; trials of clergy in, 50-53
Transnistria, 1941-1942: The Romanian Mass
Murder Campaigns (Ancel), 12,19^0,
109-no
trials: ofAntonescu, 106; of clergy, 50-53,
10S-110; postwar, 99; of Puiu, 50,99,
108-110,134-137; Slansky, 116-117,129m
Trifa, Valerian (bishop), 14,15, i9n2i, ii4n33,
case of, 134-137; in Germany, 135; Holy
Synod and, 137; Iron Guard and, 135,136,
198; Israeli authorities and, 136; past of,
135-136; in Portugal, 137; Puiu and, 134;
rehabilitation of, 169,173,198; in United
States, 135,136
Union of Priests, 78
United States Holocaust Memorial Council,
173-174
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
(USHMM), 1,6,14,15,60,168,173
USSR. See Russia
Vasilescu, Emilian, 138-140,141
“The Vatican s Endeavors on Behalf of
Rumanian Jewry during the Second World
War (Lavi), 10
Verdery, Katherine, 2,16,158-159,191
Viator, 101,113ml
Vichy syndrome, 190,197
victimization, of Romanian Orthodox
Church, 3,4,156,191,193,196
Vinnytsia massacre, 45-46
Warsaw Pact, 117
We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah, 9
whitewashing narrative, 133-134; “Church
as a savior of Jews” myth, 9,11,14,91-95,
153,182; in church journal, 87-88; with
conversion documents, 88-91; Holocaust
memory and, 168-172; Nicodim and, 83-86;
1945 campaign of, 83-87; Romanian
Orthodox Church and, 168-172
Wiesenthal, Simon, 118
World Council of Churches (WCC), 137,
179
World Jewish Congress, 14,50,74,182
World War 1,2,25,28-29,31,158,225
World War II, 2,90,134,190; church journals
and archives relating to, 137,144,1414;
Cristea policies relating to, 9; Holocaust
myths after, 193-194; Jewish community
in Romania destroyed by, 125; Romanian
Orthodox Church and Jews during, 11,53,
72-73,77, no, 134,153,179,182,199; trials
after, 42. See also Jews of Romania, after
World War II
Yad Vashem, 14,15,59,62; Righteous Among
the Nations at, 59,62,67
Yad Vashem International Institute for
Holocaust Research, 10-u
Zile tnsîngerate la Iaşi: 28-30 iunie 1941
(Karetski and Covaci) (Bloody Days in
Jassy: June 28-30,1941), 15, 119
238
INDEX
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Popa, Ion 1919-2003 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)144029588 |
| author_facet | Popa, Ion 1919-2003 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Popa, Ion 1919-2003 |
| author_variant | i p ip |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044645876 |
| classification_rvk | NY 4800 NQ 4630 NQ 2350 NQ 2310 NB 5550 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1015332025 (DE-599)BVBBV044645876 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1938- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1938- |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV044645876 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:58:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780253029560 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20190912 DHB_BSB_BVID_0024 |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Indiana University Press |
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| series2 | Studies in antisemitism |
| spelling | Popa, Ion 1919-2003 Verfasser (DE-588)144029588 aut The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Ion Popa Bloomington, Indiana Indiana University Press [2017] © 2017 xi, 238 Seiten Illustrationen, Faksimiles, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in antisemitism Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1938- gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Biserica Ortodoxă Română / History Biserica Ortodoxă Română / Relations / Judaism Biserica Ortodoxă Română Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Romania Interfaith relations Judaism Romania 1939-1945 History Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 b Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 s Geschichte 1938- z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/066f7f283799474eb38c53b4c95af5a3 rezensiert in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas / jgo.e-reviews, jgo.e-reviews 2020, 2 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Popa, Ion 1919-2003 The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1022718-0 (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4002333-3 (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust |
| title_auth | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust |
| title_exact_search | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust |
| title_full | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Ion Popa |
| title_fullStr | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Ion Popa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Ion Popa |
| title_short | The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust |
| title_sort | the romanian orthodox church and the holocaust |
| topic | Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche (DE-588)1022718-0 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rumänisch-Orthodoxe Kirche Judenvernichtung Antisemitismus Geschichtsschreibung Rumänien |
| url | https://www.recensio.net/r/066f7f283799474eb38c53b4c95af5a3 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030043715&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT popaion theromanianorthodoxchurchandtheholocaust |