Lenin: the man, the dictator, and the master of terror
"Since the birth of Soviet Russia, Vladimir Lenin has been viewed as a controversial figure, revered and reviled for his rigid political ideals. He continues to fascinate as a man who made history, and created the first Communist state, a model that would later be imitated by nearly half the co...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Pantheon Books
[2017]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Since the birth of Soviet Russia, Vladimir Lenin has been viewed as a controversial figure, revered and reviled for his rigid political ideals. He continues to fascinate as a man who made history, and created the first Communist state, a model that would later be imitated by nearly half the countries in the world. Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's biography...the first in English in nearly two decades...is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the twentieth century, but a portrait of Lenin the man. Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women. The long-suppressed story of the complex love triangle Lenin had with his wife, and his mistress and comrade, reveals a different character to the coldly one-dimensional figure of the legend. Sebestyen also reveals Lenin as a ruthless and single-minded despot and a 'product of his time and place: a violent, tyrannical and corrupt Russia.' He seized power in a coup, promised a revolution, a socialist utopia for the people, offered simple solutions to complex issues and constantly lied; in fact, what he created was more 'a mirror image of the Romanov autocracy.' He authorized the deaths of thousands of people, and created a system based on the idea that political terror against opponents was justified for the greater ideal. One of his old comrades who had once admired him said he 'desired the good... but created evil.' And that would include his invention of Stalin, who would take Lenin's system of the gulag and the secret police to new heights"... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 569 Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits |
| ISBN: | 9781101871638 |
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 520 | |a "Since the birth of Soviet Russia, Vladimir Lenin has been viewed as a controversial figure, revered and reviled for his rigid political ideals. He continues to fascinate as a man who made history, and created the first Communist state, a model that would later be imitated by nearly half the countries in the world. Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's biography...the first in English in nearly two decades...is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the twentieth century, but a portrait of Lenin the man. Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women. The long-suppressed story of the complex love triangle Lenin had with his wife, and his mistress and comrade, reveals a different character to the coldly one-dimensional figure of the legend. Sebestyen also reveals Lenin as a ruthless and single-minded despot and a 'product of his time and place: a violent, tyrannical and corrupt Russia.' He seized power in a coup, promised a revolution, a socialist utopia for the people, offered simple solutions to complex issues and constantly lied; in fact, what he created was more 'a mirror image of the Romanov autocracy.' He authorized the deaths of thousands of people, and created a system based on the idea that political terror against opponents was justified for the greater ideal. One of his old comrades who had once admired him said he 'desired the good... but created evil.' And that would include his invention of Stalin, who would take Lenin's system of the gulag and the secret police to new heights"... | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich |d 1870-1924 |x Influence |
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich |d 1870-1924 |x Political and social views |
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich |d 1870-1924 |x Relations with women |
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich |d 1870-1924 |x Psychology |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič |d 1870-1924 |0 (DE-588)118640402 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 650 | 4 | |a State-sponsored terrorism |z Soviet Union |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Soviet Union |x Politics and government |y 1917-1936 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178067493486592 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Maps xi—xvii
List of Illustrations xix
Introduction 1
Prologue: The Coup d’Etat 7
1 A Nest of Gentlefolk 25
2 A Childhood Idyll 33
3 The Hanged Man 42
4 The Police State 49
5 A Revolutionary Education 58
6 Vladimir Ilyich — Attorney at Law 68
7 Nadya — A Marxist Courtship 7 6
8 Language, Truth and Logic 82
9 Foreign Parts 86
10 Prison and Siberia 92
11 Lenin Is Born 107
12 Underground Lives 121
13 England, Their England 127
14 What Is to Be Done? 138
15 The Great Schism — Bolsheviks and Mensheviks 145
16 Peaks and Troughs 154
17 An Autocracy Without an Autocrat 159
18 Back Home 171
19 ‘Expropriate the Expropriators’ 179
20 Geneva — ‘An Awful Hole’ 192
21 Inessa — Lenin in Love 202
22 Betrayals 215
23 A Love Triangle — Two into Three Will Go 224
24 Catastrophe — The World at War 231
25 In the Wilderness 240
ix
k.
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27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
CONTENTS
The Last Exile 253
Revolution --- Part One 258
The Sealed Train 271
To the Finland Station 285
The Interregnum 291
‘Peace, Land and Bread 301
The Spoils of War 310
A Desperate Gamble 316
The July Days 320
On the Run 329
Revolution --- Part Two 339
Power ֊֊ At Last 346
The Man in Charge 358
The Sword and Shield 367
War and Peace 372
The One-Party State 380
The Battle for Grain 392
Regicide 401
The Assassins Bullets 410
The Simple Life 421
Reds and Whites 436
Funeral in Moscow 451
The ‘Internationale’ 457
Rebels at Sea and on Land 464
Intimations of Mortality 476
Revolution --- Again 483
The Last Battle 488
‘An Explosion of Noise’ 500
Lenin Lives 503
Principal Characters 511
Notes 519
Select Bibliography 538
Acknowledgements 548
Index 551
X
Index
Ábo, 190-1
Abrikosov, Dr Alexei, 503, 507
Ackté, Aino, 116
Adler, Victor, 234
Aehrenthal, Count Alois Lexa von, 51
Afghan Communist Party, 462
Akatua silver-mining camp, 413
Akhmatova, Anna, 258
Alakayevka, 65-6,169
Alexander I, Tsar, 52
Alexander II, Tsar, 31, 40, 45, 52, 54
Alexander III, Tsar, 53—4, 56, 160, 334,
390n and Alexander Ulyanov plot,
45-7, 458
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, 45
Alexandra, Empress, 159, 236, 261, 266;
known as ‘the German woman , 261;
murdered in Ekaterinburg, 401-9; and
Romanov Jubilee, 234-5
Alexandra Palace, 134
Alexandrinsky Theatre, 19
Alexeyev, General Mikhail, 268, 296,
335
Alexeyev, Nikolai, 131
Alexinsky, Grigory, 129
Alexinsky, Tatiana, 177
Alexis, Tsarevich, 405-6
All Russian Assembly of Peasants, 308
Alliluyev, Sergei, 326, 329
Alliluyeva, Nadezhda, 326n
Alsace-Lorraine, 374
American Red Cross Committee, 373n
American Relief Administration, 471
Amur, 19
Anarchist Club (London), 181
Andalan, surrendered to Turks, 379
Andrei Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 289
Andreushkin, Pakhomi, 43
Andreyeva, Maria, 173, 180n, 196-7
Andrikanis, Nikolai, 185-6
Andronik, Archbishop (of Perm), 475
Annenkov, Yuri, 498, 507n
anti-monarchist pamphlets, 293—4
anti-Semitism, 28n, 176-7, 299, 440,
446-8
Antonov, Alexander, 472
Antonov, Dmitry, 472n
Antonov-Ovseyenko, Vladimir, 11, 20-1
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 209
Ardashev, Viktor, 370n
Arefev, S., 69
Aristotle, 240
Armand, Alexander, 452, 456
Armand, Alexander Evgenyevich, 205-6,
229
Armand, André, 206, 320, 456
Armand, Inessa (Elizabeth Inès), 62,
202-7, 244, 272, 274, 277, 283, 347,
391; and assassination attempt, 413;
her children, 455-6; and February
Revolution, 263-4; funeral, 451-2,
455; illness and death, 452-6; and July
Days, 320-1 ; life in Switzerland, 240-3,
256-7; occupies position of influence,
391; relationship with Lenin, 5, 25-6,
202-5, 212-14, 226-30; represents
Lenin in Brussels, 228-9; returns
Lenin s letters, 227; rows with Lenin,
246-8; writes feminist pamphlet, 247
Armand, Inna, 227, 246, 413, 452, 456n,
497,504
Armand, Varvara, 227, 246, 413, 456,
497
Armand, Vladimir Evgenyevich, 206-7
Arosa, 230
Article 58, of Soviet Penal Code, 491
Asquith, Herbert, 457n
assassinations, of Tsarist officials, 50-1,
55, 74n, 174
Assembly of Nobles, 451n
551
INDEX
Athenaeum, 133
Aurora, shells Winter Palace, 19—20, 464
Avanesov, Varlam, 416
Axelrod, Pavel, 89—90, 105, 114, 127,
150, 152, 264n
Azef, Yevno, 218n
Babushkin, Ivan, 130
Baden, Prince Max von, 374
Bagoczki, Sergei, 222—3, 225
Balabanova, Angelica, 3, 180, 184, 199,
214, 346, 419n, 452; heads Comintern,
461-2
Balk, A. P., 265
Balkan Wars, 237
Ballets Russes, 258
Balmashov, Stepan, 74n
balneology, 29n
Baltic Fleet, 352—4; sailors murder
ministers, 384—5
Baltic States, 175, 379, 441
bank robberies, 179, 183—4, 356—7
banks, nationalisation of, 364, 383
Baranov, Ivan, 30
Baranovskaya, Lilya, 299n
Barbara, Sister, 408n
Barbusse, Henri, 506
Basov, Stepan, 385n
Batum, surrendered to Turks, 379
Bauman, Nikolai, 122, 150, 152
Beaverbrook, Lord, 318n
Bebel, August, 131, 195, 250
Bedny, Demyan, 417
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 147, 203, 227,
431,452
Bekman, General Vladimir, 175
Beletsky, Sergei, 218
Bell, Thomas, 463n
Beloostrov, gives Lenin hero s welcome,
285-6,333
Bely, Andrei, 506
Bengal Communists, 462
Berlin uprising, 458—9
Berner Tagwacht, 272
Bernstein, Eduard, 313
Biały Dunajec, 225
Bibliothèque Nationale, 209
Bim-Bom assassination, 418—19
Bitsenko, Anastasia, 375
Black Hundreds, 176-7
Blagonravov, Georgy, 19
Blank, Alexander Dmitriyevich, 28-9,
37
Blériot, Louis, 209n
Bloch, Siegfried, 277
Blok, Alexander, 258, 260, 270, 294, 432,
468
Blok, Lyuba, 260
Bloody Sunday, 162—6, 168
Blum, Oscar, 278
Blumkin, Yakov, 399
Bobrovskaya, Cecilia Zelikson, 122, 145
Bogdanov, Alexander, 162n, 195—8, 212,
434,506
Bogdanov, Boris, 292
Bograd, Rosalia, 88n
Bogrov, Dmitry, 215n
Bolshevik coup, see October Revolution
Bolshoi Opera, 43 5n
Bolshoi Theatre, 452, 492
Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir, 244, 291—2,
315n, 321, 323, 348, 362, 408, 412,
420; and embalming of Lenin s body,
504; and Lenin cult, 480—1
Borchardt, Professor Julius, 478, 493n
Borg, Walter, 191
Botkin, Dr Evgeny, 405—6
Breshko-Breshkovskaya, Ekaterina, 80—1
British Communist Party, 131, 462—3
British Foreign Office, 235
British Museum, 132, 145, 183n, 209
British Social Democratic Party, 131
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count Ulrich von,
273
Brońsky, Mieczysław, 262
Bronstein, Olga, 200
Bruce Lockhart, Robert, 199n, 317, 319n,
373n, 374, 409, 414, 462n
Brusilov, General Alexei, 237, 239, 266n,
306, 317-18, 336
Brust, Detective Inspector Harold, 131
Bryant, Louise, 17
Bublikov, Alexander, 297
Bubnov, Andrei, 342n
Buchanan, Sir George, 260, 261n, 319,
344
Buchanan, Meriel, 260
Büchner, Georg, 254n
Budberg, Baron Aleksei, 318
Budyonny, Semyon, 461
552
INDEX
Bukharin, Nikolai, 219, 337, 411, 430;
and embalming of Lenin s body, 504;
and Lenin s birthday, 482; and Lenin s
last illness, 490, 493, 499; and New
Economic Policy, 484—5; pallbearer at
Lenin s funeral, 502; and peace talks
with Germany, 376—7
Bullitt, William, 449
Bumke, Professor Oswald, 49 3n
Bunin, Ivan, 306, 435
bureaucracy, growth of, 485
Byelorussia, 374, 458, 461
Bykhov Monastery, 440n
Byron, Lord, 157—8
CaféLandolt, 145-6, 153, 162n
cannibalism, 97, 470—1
Capri, 195-8, 212
Catherine II (the Great), Empress, 15,21,
49-50, 268n
cats, 128, 421
Ceau§escu, Nicolae, 139, 367
Cecil, Robert, 373
censorship, 40, 49, 54, 62, 65n, 88, 170,
194, 220; under Bolsheviks, 349—51,
435
Chagall, Marc, 209, 258
Chaliapin, Fyodor, 19, 258
Charkan, rape of Jewish girls, 447
Charles I, King, 215, 401
Chateau of Chillón, 157
Cheka, 342n, 397, 399, 471; changes
name to GPU, 49In; compared with
Okhrana, 54, 116, 371; formation,
367—71; freed from restraint, 418—19;
and Kaplan assassination attempt,
414—15, 417—18; Kronstadt sailors
demand abolition, 465; modus
operandi, 371; numbers of executions,
370; and Red Terror, 386-7, 468—9;
and ‘speculation , 369; and suppression
of Orthodox Church, 473—4
Chekhov, Anton, 55, 70,112n, 182, 471
Chernobyl, killing of Jews, 447
Chernov, Viktor, 293, 383
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 61—3, 95n, 426
chess, 36-7, 44, 47, 68, 104,197, 209, 456
Chicherin, Georgy, 379, 402, 471
chin system, 423
Chinese Communists, 461
Chkheidze, Nikolai, 288
Chopin, Frederic, 452, 502
Churchill, Winston, 448—9, 480
Cirque Moderne, 339, 345
clergy, killing of, 475
Cohen, Dr Bernard, 234n
Cold War, 314n, 372, 486
Comintern, 456n, 459, 461—2
Commission of Immortalisation, 505,
507
Committee for Illiteracy, 76—7
Committee of Russian Social Democrats
Abroad, 230
Common Sense, 31 In
Communist Club (London), 149
Communist Manifesto, 66, 212
Communist Party, formed from RSDLP,
105, 232n, 367n
‘comrade doctors , 224
Congress of Soviets, 15—16, 18, 21—2,
310—12, 337, 342; pays tribute to
Lenin, 502
Conrad, Joseph, 72
Constantinople, 237, 250, 449
Constituent Assembly, 268, 302, 337,
342—3, 355, 398, 415, 441; elections,
380-4
Cosmopolitan magazine, 313n
Cossacks, 17, 19, 164, 178, 324, 351,353-
4; cheated of independence, 354n; and
Civil War, 440, 446-7
Council of Elders, 505
Council of Ministers, 266n
Courland, 376
Crimean War, 237
Curzon Line, 460
Czech Brigade, 404, 442
Czechoslovak Communist Party, 463
Dadaist poets, 256n
Daily Mail, 181
Daily Mirror, 181
Daily News, 269
Dan, Fyodor, 143, 152
Dan, Lydia, 114n, 118, 143, 189, 204
Danilovich, General Grigory, 160
Danton, Georges, 428
Darwin, Charles, 54, 426, 428
de K, Elizabeth, 203—4
debts, repayment of, 486
553
INDEX
Decembrists, 52—3, 11 On
Decree on Compulsory Labour, 383
Decree on Health Protection, 402
Decree on Land, 22, 364
Decree on Libraries, 364-5
Decree on Peace, 22, 364
Decree on the Press, 349-50, 364
Decree on the Socialist Fatherland in
Danger, 388
Decree on Workers Rights, 364, 383
Delo Naroda, 323
Delyanov, Ivan, 40
Demidova (maid), 406-7
democracy, 2, 216, 302, 380-4, 411;
Kronstadt sailors demand, 465; Whites
and, 439, 441
Den, 350
Denikin, General Anton, 439-42, 445
Descartes, René, 435
Deutsch, Leo, 150
‘deviationists’, 142—3, 486
Diaghilev, Sergei, 258
Diamand, Hermann, 234
Dickens, Charles, 430
Die Glocke, 25In
divorce, among the wealthy, 260
Dobrovolsky, Alexei, 92
Dobrovský, Brigadier-General, 267
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 38, 95n, 182, 431,
479n; The House of the Dead, 432; The
Possessed, 56
Dubrovin, Alexander, 176
Duma; dissolution, 190, 215—16; elec-
tions, 216-18, 220; established under
Nicholas II, 170, 173-4; housed in
Tauride Palace, 268n; Kerensky and,
298—9; and revolutions of 1917, 262,
266-8, 295-7,322
Durnovo, Pyotr, 175, 236
Dyakanov, Stanislav, 414
Dybenko, Pavel, 354, 383, 385, 444
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 342n, 376, 381,
386, 388, 396, 416n, 473, 491; and
embalming of Lenin’s body, 504;
and formation of Cheka, 368—71;
and murder of Romanovs, 408—9n;
pallbearer at Lenin’s funeral, 502; and
Polish War, 460—1; and Red Terror,
467—8; taken hostage, 399
East German Stasi, 367
Eberlein, Hugo, 456n
economic blockade, lifting of, 486-7
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 208
Eisenstein, Sergei, 20
Ekaterinburg; civil service strike, 370n;
murder of Romanovs, 401-9
Elgin Marbles, 183n
elites, lifestyles of, 422-5
Elizarov, Mark, 65, 69, 93-4, 96, 228n,
243, 291, 320, 325—6
Elizarova, Anna, see Ulyanova, Anna
Ilyinichna
Ella, Grand Duchess, 408n
Emancipation of Labour, 64, 86, 105
Engberg, Oskar, 101
Engels, Friedrich, 57, 62, 130—1, 142,
144,195, 331,371,428
English Civil War, 215
Enlightenment Commissariat, 348, 364,
412, 428, 435, 508
Ermakov, Pyotr, 405n
Esenin, Sergei, 41 On
Essen, Ekaterina von, 29
Essen, Maria, 157—8
‘expropriations’, 179-81, 183-4
fake identities, 107n, 121-2
famine, see food shortages
February Revolution (1917), 258-70;
fuels anarchy and revenge, 293-5;
impact on peasants, 307—9; Kerensky’s
rise to prominence, 297—300; Western
Allies welcome, 317
Fedoseyev, Nikolai, 98n
Fels, Joseph, 183
Figner, Vera, 52
Finnish Communist Party, 462
First World War, 169n, 231-2, 235-
9; Bolsheviks sign peace treaty,
372-9; and party splits, 244-6; ‘peace
indemnity’, 379; Russian casualties,
237, 260; ‘secret treaties’, 356, 374;
Ukraine offensive, 317—18; wartime
ban on vodka, 259; Western Allies’
policy, 316-19
Fisher, Henry, 469-70
Flaxerman, Galina, 341-2
Foerster, Professor Otfrid, 493n, 499
Fofanova, Margarita, 8-9, 341
554
INDEX
Folies Bergère, 89
food shortages, 69—70, 392—7, 423,
465, 469—71; establishment of Food
Commissariat, 394; and suppression of
religion, 474—5
Fotieva, Lidia, 204, 361, 425—8, 467,
480n, 492, 495
fox-hunting, in Russia, 429
Francis, David, 319, 328, 344, 347, 372
Fredericks, Count Vladimir, 266, 268
Free Economic Society, 95
free speech, Lenin rejects, 349
French Communist Party, 463
French Revolution, 14n, 312, 333, 387,
411
French Socialist Party, 203
Freud, Sigmund, 247
FSB, 54, 367n
Fundamental Laws, 53
Fürstenberg, Yakov (Ganetsky), 251,
264,272,281,314-15
Futurists, 431—3
Galician Jews, 233—4n
Ganetsky, see Fürstenberg, Yakov
Gapon, Father Georgy, 162-4
Garnett, Constance, 182
Gatchina, capture of, 351—3
General Electric, 487
Generalov, Vasily, 43, 45-6
Genevsky, Alexander, 13
George V, King, 373n, 403
Gerhardie, William, 284n
German Communist Party, 463
German SDLP, 183, 187, 189, 195, 232,
245, 248, 250
German spies, 248, 256
Gil, Stepan, 358n, 411-12, 416n
Gippius, Zinaida, 258, 262, 299, 334,
336, 345, 347, 394, 449
Glinka, Mikhail, 434n
Gobi, Lydia, 123—4
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 3, 38, 347
Gofengauz, Maria, 98n
Gogol, Nikolai, 38, 186n, 298n
Goldenberg, Ivan, 292
Goldman, Emma, 349, 393, 485
Goloshchekin, Filipp, 404—5
Goncharov, Ivan, 35
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 2, 259n
Gorbunov, Nikolai, 357, 362, 426
Gorki, 422, 429, 455, 476-7, 479; Lenin’s
final illness, 488—500
Gorky, Ekaterina, 294
Gorky, Maxim; appeals for international
help, 471; and Bloody Sunday, 163-
4; and Bogdanov, 195—8, 212; and
Bolshevik coup, 13, 343; complains
about elite lifestyles, 424; despair at
Lenin’s politics, 302, 307; and doctors,
224n; and February Revolution, 294;
and First World War, 232; and Kaplan
assassination attempt, 419n; leaves
Russia, 435; and Lenin’s attitude to
Jews, 28n; and Lenin’s attitude to
music, 147; and Lenin’s fascination
with music hall, 133; and Lenin’s good
humour, 427; and Lenin’s health, 477;
and Lenin’s leadership qualities, 32,
84; and Lenin’s literary tastes, 433; and
Lenin’s narcissism, 347; and Lenin’s
presence in Austria, 222; and Lenin’s
rages, 188; and Lenin’s speech, 84;
and London Congress, 180, 182; The
Lower Depths, 249, 430; meets Lenin,
172-3; his paper closed down, 350;
and Parvus, 249—50; and population
flight from Petrograd, 393; proletarian
background, 32; and Red Terror, 467—
9; returns under Stalin, 435n, 467n;
supports Lenin financially, 165n, 194,
254
Gorlovsky, Mikhail, 433
GPU, 367, 49In, 501
Grant, Ulysses S., 36
Grimm, Robert, 272, 274
Gris, Juan, 209
Groman, Ekaterina, 251
Groschopf, Anna, 28
Grumbach, Arthur, 275
Grüner, Harry, 283-4
Guchkov, Alexander, 169, 268, 296
guerrilla warfare, Lenin studies, 166
Gul, Roman, 302
Gumilev, Nikolai, 258
Gusev, Sergei, 167
Hammer, Armand, 487
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 240
Heinold, Baron Karl, 234
555
INDEX
Helphand, Alexander (Parvus), 249-52,
272-3,275, 281,314-15
Helsingfors Soviet, 352
Hermogenes, Bishop (of Tobolsk), 475
Hervé, Gustave, 373
Herzen, Alexander, 130, 428
Highgate Cemetery, 134
Hindenburg, General Paul von, 237
Hitler, Adolf, 3, 175
Hitler/Stalin pact, 456n
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 259
Hobbes, Thomas, 65n
Hoffman, General Max, 273, 375, 377—8
Hohenlohe, Prince Ernst von, 375
Holman, Major-General Herbert, 440
Holy Roman Empire, 458
Hoover, Herbert, 471
Hoover Institution, 354n
Horthy, Admiral Miklôs, 458
Hourwich, Isaac, 144
House of Preliminary Detention, 91—2
House of Trade Unions, 451—2, 500, 502
Howard, Sir Esmé, 282
VHumanité, 275
Hungarian uprising, 458—9
influenza epidemic, 404n
Institute of Marxism-Leninism, 456n
Institute of the Brain, 506
intellectuals, leave Russia, 449—50, 491
inteliigenty, 49, 74
International Women s Day, 265
Internationale , 287, 390, 452, 502
invisible ink, 90—1, 94-5, 100, 118
Iron Curtain’, 486n
Iskra, 53n, 106, 110-21, 123-4, 126n,
136, 165n, 190, 194; distribution, 115—
16; editorial board, 113-14, 148, 150,
154; moves to Geneva, 136—7; moves
to London, 131—2; and Party split, 148,
150, 152; popularity and influence, 117
Italian Communist Party, 463
Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 435
Izmailov, Nikolai, 353
Izmailovsky Regiment, 324
Izvestia, 365
Jacobins, 14n, 152, 333, 368
Jalava, Hugo, 332
James, William, 435
Jesus Christ, 419, 432
Jewish Bund, 150, 384
Jewish revolutionaries, 98n
Jews, see anti-Semitism
Joffe, Adolph, 363, 375, 379, 408-9n,
422,425
Joyce, James, 275
jury trials, cessation of, 51
Justice, 131
Kabanov, Alexei, 405n
Kadets, 173, 268, 293, 317, 323, 334, 337,
468; declared illegal, 381—2; papers
closed down, 349—50
Kadyan, Alexander, 32
Kalinin, Mikhail, 499
Kalmykova, Alexandrovna Mikhailovna,
111
Kalske, Emil, 331
Kamenev, Lev Borisovich, 200, 212,
229, 304, 327, 335, 348, 439, 478, 496;
edits Pravda, 283, 286; and embalming
of Lenin s body, 504; and Lenin s
birthday, 482; and Lenin’s last illness,
490, 493, 498; pallbearer at Lenin s
funeral, 502; and peace deal with
Germany, 375n, 376; rebels against
Lenin, 365—6; resists Bolshevik coup,
342—3, 495; and Soviet succession, 491,
495, 505—6; Trotsky’s dislike of, 200n
Kammerer, Titus, 254-5, 276, 282
Kamo, Bolshevik (Simon Arshaki Ter-
Petrosian), 183—4, 201
Kandinsky, Wassily, 258
Kannegisser, Leonid, 41 On
Kant, Immanuel, 435, 508
Kaplan, Fanny, 413-17, 419n, 443, 480
Karpinsky, Vladimir, 221
Karpinsky, Vyacheslav, 264
Kars, surrendered to Turks, 379
Kashkadanova, Vera, 48n
Kautsky, Karl, 187, 229, 250
Kayurov, Vladimir, 269
Kazan, siege of, 443
Kazan University, 58—60
Kedrov, Mikhail, 240
Kennan, George, 314n
Kerenskaya, Olga, 299n
Kerensky, Alexander, 36n, 50n, 58, 263,
268, 282, 301, 446, 466; and Bolshevik
■
556
INDEX
coup, 14, 16-17, 19, 337, 344-5;
denounces anti-Semitism, 299; faces
Lenin at Congress of Soviets, 310—12;
guarantees Tsar s safety, 403; and July
Days, 323-4; and Kornilov Affair,
334-5; later life, 354n; orders Lenin s
arrest, 325; resists Bolsheviks, 351—4;
rise to prominence, 297—300; and
secret treaties’, 374n; vanity, 334; and
Western Allies policy, 317—19
Kerensky, Fyodor, 58
Ketskhoveli, Lado, 116
KGB, 54
Khabalov, General Sergei, 266
Khalturin, Stepan, 426
Khanov, Vladimir, 97
Khardin, Andrei, 68, 71
Kharitonov (cook), 406
Khrushchev, Nikita, 506n
Kiev, killing of Jews, 446—7
Kievan Rus, 458
Kim Il-Sung, 419
Klasson, Robert, 76
Klembovsky, General Vladislav, 306
Klemperer, Professor Georg, 478, 493n
Klykov, Vyacheslav, 92—3
Knipovich, Lidia, 80
Knox, Colonel Alfred, 305
Kocher, Professor Theodor, 225-6
Kokoshkin, Fyodor, 384
Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 409
Kokushkino estate, 29, 37, 60, 63-5, 370n
Kolchak, Rear-Admiral Alexander, 440-
2,449
Kollontai, Alexandra, 213, 243—4, 263,
286, 303, 342n, 355, 361, 376; affair
with Pavel Dybenko, 444; arrested,
326; demoted and sidelined, 465;
and German funding cover-up, 315;
and Inessa’s funeral, 452; and sexual
freedom, 247-8n
Komissarovs (Okhrana agents), 198—9
Konopleva, Lidia, 415
konspiratsiya, 122
Korea, 161
Kornilov, General Lavr, 334—5, 439—4On
Kossuth, Lajos, 130
Kotov, Grigory, 214
Kozlovsky, Mechislav, 314
Kramer, Professor Viktor, 488n, 489,
492,497
Krasikov, Pyotr, 147
Krasin, Leonid, 112, 121, 151, 168, 179,
183n, 363, 420, 509
Krasnov, General Pyotr, 351, 353
Krasnoyarsk, 96—7
Krestinskaya, Vera, 412
Krestinsky, Nikolai, 412
Kresty Prison, 298
Kronstadt Izvestia, 465
Kronstadt sailors, 13,19, 286-7,322, 324,
383; execute prisoners, 418; rebellion,
464-6, 472, 483
Kropotkin, Prince Pyotr, 130, 163n, 181-
2n, 435
Krupskaya, Elizaveta Vasilyevna, 78,
100-1, 128, 134, 145, 190, 213, 234;
her ashes, 276; death, 242, 347; grows
fond of Kamo, 184n
Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna
(Nadya), 4-5, 25-6, 48, 62, 76-81, 87,
90; appearance, 79—80, 204; becomes
Stalin s puppet, 508—9; and Bolshevik
coup, 9, 330, 333, 337, 341, 348;
childlessness, 228; commitment to
socialism, 77; contracts food poisoning,
192; and cookery, 129, 255, 479; dislike
of Stalin, 172n; education and teaching
career, 78—9; and embalming of Lenin s
body, 503—4, 508; her family, 77—8;
finances, 187—8, 253—4; friendship with
Vera Zasulich, 5In; health problems,
101, 105, 204, 224-5, 242-3, 416n,
453; and Inessa, 202, 204—5, 213—14,
227, 229, 241; and Inessa s children,
455-6; and July Days, 320-1, 326; and
Kaplan assassination attempt, 412—13,
416n, 419n; lectures at Longjumeau,
212; and Lenin s arrest, 94-5; and
Lenin s arrest in Poland, 233-4; and
Lenin s funeral, 500, 502; and Lenin’s
last illness, 476, 488—90, 492, 497-9;
and Lenin’s Last Testament , 494—5,
505, 508; and Lenin s literary tastes,
433; and Lenin s love of chess, 37n;
and Lenin s rages, 16, 26, 125, 283,
377, 427, 429; and Lenin s writings,
141—2; life after Bolshevik Revolution,
358-9; life after Lenin, 508—9; life
before Lenin, 26; life in Berne, 240-3;
557
INDEX
Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna
(N adya)— cont’d.
life in London, 127—34; life in Paris,
207-10; life in Poland, 222-3; life
in Zurich, 254—7; lifestyle, 421—2;
and Malinovsky, 217, 219; marriage,
100—4; and Martov s death, 469n; and
Marxism, 88; meaning of ‘Nadezhda*,
77; meets Lenin, 76—7, 81; meets
Trotsky, 135—6; and mother s death,
242; and move of capital to Moscow,
388—90; organisational activity, 124—5,
198, 3 59 ; radicalisation, 79—81 ; returns
to Russia, 276—90; reunion with Lenin,
109—10; rows with Stalin, 495—7;
and Schmidt Affair, 186; and sexual
matters, 247—8n; walking holiday,
156—8; works at Enlightenment
Commissariat, 435, 508
Krupski, Konstantin Ignat evich, 77—8
Krylenko, Nikolai, 429—30
Krylov, Ivan, 125
Krzhizhanovsky, Gleb, 71, 95, 99, 150—1,
155
Kshesinskaya, Mathilde, 288—9
Kshesinskaya Mansion, 288-9, 291, 323—
4, 326, 334
Kudrin, Mikhail, 405n
Kühlmann, Richard von, 314
kulaks, 66n, 392-7, 418, 429, 443, 447
Kun, Béla, 458-9
Kuprin, Alexander, 72
Kureiko, 219n
Kursky, Dmitry, 414, 491
Kuzhi, Kerensky prevents pogrom, 299
Labour Party, 462
Lac de Bret, 158
Lafargue, Laura, 89, 203n, 489—90
Lafargue, Paul, 89, 203n, 489—90
Land and Liberty (Zemlya y Volya), 55
land reform, 193n, 302
Landau, Dr Jan, 225
Lansing, Robert, 442
Las Wolski, 222
Lebedev, Pavel, 292
Léger, Fernand, 209
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich; accused of
cowardice, 121, 177—8; adopts name
‘Lenin , 107—8; and Alakayevka
property, 65—6; ancestry, 28—32;
appearance, 22—3, 30—1, 39, 71—2,
31 In, 479—80; arrest and detention,
90—5; arrested in Poland, 232—4; and
bloodshed, 347, 388; and Bolshevik
government, 359—66; his brain, 506
7; and brother Alexander, 44, 46—8,
58; his car stolen, 358n; childhood,
33—41; contracts food poisoning, 192;
conversation with tram conductress,
10; debating style, 74, 82—5; declares
himself a Communist, 232; description
of Russian army, 237; dislike of
Kerensky, 300; early journalism, 73—4;
education, 37—9, 58—9; embalming
of his body, 503—5, 507—9; emotional
control, 147—8; escape to Finland,
190—1; establishes Cheka, 367—71;
and ‘expropriations , 179—81; faces
Kerensky at Congress of Soviets,
310—12; ‘Farewell Address to Swiss
Workers , 277; and father s death,
40—1, 58, 347; fiftieth birthday
celebrations, 481—2; finances, 30, 60,
68, 184, 187-8, 253-4; first travels
abroad, 86—90; and First World War,
231-2, 239, 244-6; flight to Finland,
329-33, 336—8; and food shortages,
392—7; and foreign languages, 87, 93,
127, 133—4, 182, 203; friendship with
Martov, 119—20; German funding and
cover-up, 313—15, 325, 466; health
problems, 75, 86, 89, 136—7, 156, 188,
359, 430, 476—8, 488—99; importance
of holidays, 157n, 210—11; and Inessa s
children, 455—6; and Inessa s death,
451—6; infatuation with Plekhanov, 87-
9,112—13 ; influence of Chernyshevsky,
61—3; interest in aeroplanes, 209-
lOn; introduces economic reforms,
483—5; Jewish ancestry, 28n; Kaplan
assassination attempt, 410—20; last
illness, 488—99; last meeting with
mother, 211; his ‘Last Testament’,
493-4, 505-6, 508; and laughter, 427,
479; launches Pravda, 221-2; and
leadership, 32, 84, 138—9, 141; learns
of February Revolution, 262—3; leaves
Russia for Germany, 106; lectures to
workers, 74—5; legal career, 68—9, 71;
558
INDEX
life in Berne, 240—3; life in Geneva,
145-8, 154; life in London, 127-34;
life in Paris, 207—10; life in Poland,
222-3; life in Zurich, 254-7; loathing
of liberals , 47, 108, 300; love of
chess, 36-7; love of cycling, 209; love
of hunting, 4, 27, 64, 98, 103, 429—30,
476, 499; love of nature, 4, 27, 63—4, 87;
male friendships, 25; marriage, 100—4;
and Marxism, 3—4, 57, 64—6, 70, 74,
88, 138—9, 142—4, 196, 240; mastery
of political arts, 188—9; meaning of
* Vladimir’, 77n; meets Gorky, 172—3;
meets Inessa, 202—3; meets Nadya,
76-7, 81; meets Stalin, 171—2; meets
Trotsky, 135—6; and his mother, 27—8,
30; and mother-in-law’s death, 242n,
347; and mother’s death, 243—4; and
move of capital to Moscow, 388—91;
moves to St Petersburg, 71-5; moves
war resolution’, 189; and murder of
Romanovs, 401—4, 408-9n; and music,
147; and nature of power, 346—7;
obsession with statues and busts,
427-8; opens Longjumeau school,
211-12; opposition to Bogdanov,
195-8; Orthodox upbringing, 31; and
Party split, 148—55; and peace treaty
with Germany, 372-9; personality cult
begins, 419—20, 480-1; philistinism,
431; and physical exercise, 64, 157n;
plans Bolshevik coup, 336-8, 340—3;
poses for sculpture, 480; pragmatism,
215-17, 483; and press freedom, 349-
51; radicalisation, 47-8, 52, 57-8; his
rages, 16,18, 26, 28,125,156,188, 241,
283, 353, 377, 427-9, 465; reading, 36,
61-2, 430-3; refuses political reform,
485—7; relationship with Inessa, 25-6,
202-5, 212—14, 226—30; relationships
with women, 4—5, 25—8, 203—4, 212,
246-7; and religion, 196-7, 472-5;
remoteness, 478-9; returns to Geneva,
192—4; returns to Russia, 171—4,177—8,
271—90; returns to Russia for last time,
340—1; reunion with Nadya, 109—10;
revolutionary justice and hatred of law,
387; rows with Inessa, 246-8; and rule
by terror, 348—9; Russian biographies
of, 2, 30, 48n, 64; and secrecy, 107—8,
121—2; seen to cross himself, 12n, 191;
Siberian exile, 95—104; simple lifestyle,
421—2, 425; and sister Olga’s death,
27n, 58, 347; and smoking, 60, 10In,
426; socialism and class war, 306—7;
speaks out against anti-Semitism,
447—8; state funeral, 500—1; studies
law, 66—7; style of politics, 301—2;
and swimming, 243, 321—2; tastes in
literature and art, 430—5; threatened
with arrest, 325—8; translates
Communist Manifesto, 66; tries hair
restoration remedy, 72; and Trotsky’s
ambition, 339n; trusts Malinovsky,
219—20; university education, 58—61;
visits mother’s grave, 291—2; and Volga
famine, 469-71; walking holiday, 156-
8; work routine, 117—18, 421, 425—9;
and worldwide revolution, 458—9;
writing style, 73, 112
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, writings;
The Agrarian Programme of Social
Democracy’, 113; April Theses, 278—
80, 283, 292; Collected Works, 240;
The Development of Capitalism in
Russia, 94, 96, 141, 206; Imperialism:
The Highest Stage of Capitalism, 240,
255—6; Marxism and the State, 327;
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism,
198; One Step Forward, Two Steps
Back, 155; The State and Revolution,
330—1, 333n, 509; The Tasks of the
Russian Social Democrats, 141; To
the Working Men and Women of the
Thornton Factory’ ,91; What Are Our
Masters Thinking Now?’, 91; What Is
to Be Done?, 139, 142, 148, 221, 485;
What the Friends of the People Are’,
73-4, 81
Lenin Institute, 28n
Leningrad, see Petrograd
Lepeshinsky, Olga, 162n
Lepeshinsky, Panteleimon, 122,147,152,
162n, 166, 228n
Lermontov, Mikhail, 38
Les Ormonts, 87
Letopis, 254
Levin, Dr Leonid, 488
Ley J., 275
Lezhanka village, 446
559
INDEX
Liadov, Martyn, 152
Liazonov, Stepan, 344
Liberman, Simon, 480
libraries, under Bolsheviks, 435
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 131
Lincoln, Abraham, 36
Lindhagen, Carl, 281, 382
Lithuania, 376, 458, 461
Litvinov, Maxim, 167, 181—2, 471
Lloyd George, David, 276, 317, 374, 403,
442, 448n, 449, 486; his opinion of
Lenin, 486n
Locke, John, 65n
Lomov, Georgy, 342n
London, Jack, 498
Longjumeau school, 211—12
Lotarevo, 309
Louis XIV, King, 120
Louis XVI, King, 160n, 401, 403
Lozgachev, Georgy (Gora), 228n, 291,
498
Lubyanka Prison, 369—70n, 414, 416
Ludendorff, General Erich, 272, 275,
377
Luky ano vsky F ortress, 12 6n
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 155n, 162, 192,
195, 200, 277-8, 348, 359, 428; and
Lenin’s birthday, 482; and literature
and art, 430—4, 435n; and shape of
Lenin s skull, 506
Luxemburg, Rosa, 190, 192, 229, 25In,
327, 459
Lvov, Prince Georgy, 268, 271, 293, 295—
7, 308, 317
McCormick, Robert, 164—5
Mach, Ernst, 196n, 435
Malevich, Kazimir, 258
Malinovkaya, Anna, 162n
Malinovsky, Roman, 217—20, 281
Maikov, Pavel, 416—17
Malleson, Miles, 132n
Maly Theatre, 468
Malyanovich, Pavel, 16, 20
Manchuria, 161
Manukhin, Ivan, 468
Mao Zedong, 2, 139, 419
Marcu, Valeriu, 257
Mariinsky Hospital, 384, 385n
Markovna, Rozalia, 351
‘Marseillaise , 287
Martov, Yuli, 85, 114n, 118-19, 143,
169, 179, 229; cooling of relations with
Lenin, 146, 148; leaves Russia, 469n;
and Lenin s attitude to First World
War, 246; and Lenin s narcissism, 347;
and Lenin s political skills, 188—9; and
Lenin s return to Russia, 271—2, 277n;
life in London, 129—31, 136, 146;
meets Lenin, 118—19; and Party split,
149-53, 186, 194
Marx, Karl, 70, 73, 119, 188, 247, 312,
371, 481; appeal to Jews, 143; his bust,
428; Capital 65n, 74, 79, 88, 142,
376; his daughter, 89, 203n, 489; and
‘expropriations , 179; and ‘final crisis
of capitalism , 189; his grave, 134,
183n; and ‘history repeating itself ,
350; and inevitability of socialism,
142—3, 392—3; influence on Lenin, 36,
57, 62—5; and insurrection as an art,
337; Lenin s departures from, 255,
278—9; in London, 130—2; and Russia,
56—7, 65n, 94, 142—4; theory of surplus
value, 202; and Tsarist censorship, 88;
and world revolution, 77
Masurian Lakes, Battle of the, 237
Maugham, W, Somerset, 316—17, 319
May Day parades, 286
Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 432—4, 481,
506
Mazeh, Yakov, 446n
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 130
Medem, Vladimir, 384
Medvedev, Pavel, 405n, 406—7
Mehring, Fritz, 187
Mendeleyev, Dmitry, 43n, 258
Mensheviks; banned and arrested, 469;
split with Bolsheviks, 11 In, 148-55,
179-80, 194
Menzhinsky, Vyacheslav, 356-7, 362
Merezhkovsky, Dmitry, 258, 334
Messmer, Alfred, 492
Metalworkers Union, 217
Michael Alexandrovich, Grand Duke,
268
Michelet, Jules, 333
Michelson factory, 410—11, 413, 415
Mikhailov, Ivan, 352
Milner, Alfred, Lord, 261, 276, 441
560
INDEX
Milutin, Nikolai, 365
Milyukov, Pavel, 293
Minkowski, Professor Oskar, 493n
Mints, Professor Vladimir, 412
Mirbach, Count Wilhelm von, 399
Mitchell, Isaac, 132
mittingovanie, 303
Modigliani, Amadeo, 209
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 397n, 471, 502
money, becomes worthless, 393, 483;
Bolsheviks* need for, 356—7; inflation,
336, 393; printing of, 304, 393; see also
New Economic Policy
Moor, Karl, 248—9
Morozov, Savva, 112, 168—9, 184, 422
Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 479n
Moscheles, Felix, 182
Moscow; capital moved from Petrograd,
378n, 388—91; contrasted with
Petrograd, 389; fighting with
government forces, 390; Inessa s
funeral, 451—2, 455; learns of
Romanovs* fate, 409; Lenin s funeral,
500-2; and New Economic Policy,
484—5; rumours of Lenin s death, 417;
telephone system, 391; threatened by
Whites, 445-6
Moscow Art Theatre, 430
Moscow Central Post Office, 399—400
Moscow Militia, 456n
Moscow Society for Improving the Lot of
Women, 206
Moscow Soviet, 321, 336
Mount Vesuvius, 198
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 452
Mstislavsky, Sergei, 269
Muravyov, General Mikhail, 399-400
music hall, Edwardian, 133
Mussolini, Benito, 146n, 175
Muszkat, Zofia, 368
muzhiks, 49, 66, 307—9, 393
Nabokov, Vladimir, 293, 296-7, 310,
344, 347
Nabokov, Vladimir (novelist), 2On
Napoleon Bonaparte, 36, 53, 237
NarodnyDom, 19
nationalities, status under Bolsheviks,
439,441,495
Naumov, Alexander, 39
Nazi Brown Shirts, 177
Nechayev, Sergei, 56, 408
Nekrasov, Nikolai, 124, 431
Netrebin, Viktor, 405n
Neue Ziircher Zeitung, 262
Nevinson, Christopher, 209n
Nevskaya Zvezda, 216
New Economic Policy, 483—5
New York Times, 97, 506n
Niagara Falls, 297n
Nicholas I, Tsar, 53
Nicholas ƒ, 179
Nicholas II, Tsar, 21, 106, 159—62,
216, 301, 311; abdication, 268—9;
Anglophilia, 160—In; anti-Semitism,
176—7; his billiard table, 334;
encourages reprisals, 175—7; and
February Revolution, 261—2, 265—
70; and first * Communist joke ,
159; and First World War, 236,
238—9; and Mathilde Kshesinskaya,
288—9; murdered in Ekaterinburg,
401—9; October Manifesto and
establishment of Duma, 170—1,
174; and Romanov Jubilee, 234—5;
withdraws support for Stolypin, 193n
Nikitin, Boris, 322
Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke,
468n
Nikulia, Nadezhda, 468
Nikutin, Grigory, 405n
1905 Revolution, see Revolution (1905)
1917 Revolution, see February Revolution;
October Revolution
Nizhny Novgorod, executions in, 418
NKVD, 54, 367
Nogin, Viktor, 365
Nomenklatura system, 423—4
Noskov, Vladimir, 150
Novaya Zhiznt 13, 173, 294, 343, 467
October Revolution; anniversary re-
enactment, 2On; anniversary parades,
286; Bolshevik coup, 7-23, 339-45;
casualty figures, 21; compared with
February Revolution, 267; confidence
falters, 347—8; enduring myths, 12;
numbers involved, 20; Western Allies
facilitate, 317
Odessa pogrom, 176—7
561
INDEX
Okhrana, 56, 74, 80, 88, 110, 130,
147, 193; abolished by Provisional
Government, 281; activity increases
under ‘liberal dispensation , 171; and
Alexander Ulyanov plot, 45; Chemyi
Kabinet, 124; compared with Cheka,
54, 116, 371; description of Nadya,
204; Father Gapon and, 163n; and
February Revolution, 261—2, 265;
formation, 53—4; and Inessa, 207,
213, 229; Kerensky s code-name, 298;
Lenin rumoured to spy for, 327; and
Lenin s escape to Finland, 190—1; and
London Congress, 148—9; Malinovsky
and, 217—20; and revolutionaries
tactics, 90—1; and Romanov Jubilee,
235; success in recruiting double
agents, 218n; surveillance of Lenin,
68, 86, 90-2, 98, 105-7, 115, 248, 256;
surveillance of revolutionaries, 122—6,
198-201
Olgin, Moishe, 83
opera, under Bolsheviks, 434n, 435n
Oranienbaum Military School, 17
Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 322, 454, 496
Orest, Father, 101
Orthodox Church, suppression of, 472—5
Osinsky, Nikolai, 357, 464
Osipanov, Vasily, 43
Page, Walter, 442
Paléologue, Maurice, 236, 265n, 305
Panina, Countess Sofia, 173, 355
Pankhurst, Sylvia, 462—3
Paris Commune, 89, 166
Parvus, see Helphand, Alexander
paska (Easter cake), 285
Pasternak, Boris, 129
Paustovsky, Konstantin, 303
Pavlov, Ivan, 258
peasants; and Civil War, 440, 443, 446;
and class war, 395; and February
Revolution, 307—9; and food shortages,
392—7, 470—1; and New Economic
Policy, 483—4; reject socialism, 55;
revolts, 471—2; see also kulaks
Pécheux d Herbenville, Théodore, 205
People s Commissars, 14
People s Courts, 387
People s Will (Narodnaya Volya), 31, 43,
52,55-6, 408
Perlog, Frau, 254
Perm, archbishop murdered in, 47 5
‘permanent revolution , 249
Perovskaya, Sophia, 52
Peskovsky, Mikhail, 362
Peter the Great, Emperor, 42, 49, 388,
441
Peter and Paul Fortress, 14, 18, 20—1, 42,
52n, 56, 62, 175n, 265, 287, 384, 355n
Peters, Yakov, 414, 418
Petrichenko, Stepan, 465—6
Petrograd; Bloody Sunday violence, 162—
6; cheers outbreak of First World War,
236; City Council elections, 263; civil
service strike, 355—6; contrasted with
Moscow, 389; elite lifestyles, 258—60,
422—3; ‘festival of liberation , 303—4;
fire brigade, 21; ‘hostages executed,
417—18; indifference to Romanovs
fate, 409; July demonstrations, 321—4;
lawlessness, 9, 358, 385—6; Lenin s
return, 286—90; Red Guards fire on
protestors, 382; regiments mutiny, 267;
renamed Leningrad, 508; Romanov
Jubilee, 235n; rumours of Lenin s
death, 417; shortages and population
flight, 393—4; SR rebellion, 398-400;
street demonstrations, 265—6, 269;
telephone system, 13; ‘wine pogroms ,
367-8
Petrograd Soviet; Bolsheviks gain
majority, 15, 336; and control of army,
305; executes Grand Duke Nikolai
Mikhailovich, 468n; and Kornilov
Affair, 334—5; moves to Smolny
Institute, 334; and possible arrest of
Lenin, 326—7; and press criticism,
350—1; relations with Provisional
Government, 295—6
Petropavlovsk, 465
Philips Price, Morgan, 31 In
Pichon, Stephen, 373
Piłsudski, Bronislaw, 45n
Piłsudski, Marshal Józef, 45n, 369, 458,
460
Platten, Fritz, 274, 277, 385—6
Plekhanov, Georgy Valentinovich, 91,
105-6, 142, 166, 179, 182, 229; goes
into hiding, 351; and Iskra, 112-14,
562
INDEX
120,136,148; Lenin’s infatuation with,
87—9, 112-13; and the name ‘Lenin’,
107—8; and Party split, 148, 150, 152,
154, 194; rehabilitated, 351; returns to
Russia, 277n; welcomes First World
War, 245
Pobedonostev, Konstantin, 53, 160
Podvoisky, Nikolai, 16, 20, 353
pogroms, 176-7, 446—8
Pohl, Otto, 275
poison gas, 448—9, 472
Pokrovsky, Mikhail, 433
Pol Pot, 139
Polish War, 45n, 457-8, 460-1
political prisoners, under Tsarist regime,
93, 95n, 97-8
Politiken, 281
Polivanov, General Alexei, 239
Polivanov, Evgeny, 315
Pollitt, Harry, 131
Pompeii, 198
Popova, Claudia Gavrilovna, 96n
Popova, Maria, 413n
Populists, 50n, 55-6, 59, 73, 80, 397
Potemkin, Prince Grigory, 267—8n
Potresov, Alexander, 72, 88, 112—13,
119-20, 131, 138; and Party split, 148,
151, 155
Pravda, 221-2, 226, 240, 283, 286-7,
303, 32In, 323, 326, 342n, 375,
453; legalised under Provisional
Government, 312; publishes Nadya’s
article about Lenin’s memory, 504;
receives German funding, 313—15
Preobrazhensky Regiment, 260, 267
Prince Potemkin, 167
Princes Islands, 449
Prison of Preliminary Confinement, 267
prisoners-of-war, return of, 452
Prokofiev, Sergei, 258
Prolekult, 434—5
Proletarii, 194
prostitutes, 19, 206, 489n
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 440
Protopopov, Alexander, 261
Provisional Government; abolishes
death penalty, 327, 334; abolishes
Okhrana, 281; and Bolshevik coup,
13, 15-21, 335-7, 344, 366; crisis and
loss of control, 304—5, 307—8; delays
elections, 302, 380; established, 262,
268; guarantees Tsar’s safety, 403; hate
campaign against Bolsheviks, 333—4;
investigates German funding, 313—15;
and July Days, 321—8; and Kornilov
Affair, 334—5; and Lenin’s return,
271, 273, 281-3, 285, 288, 292-3;
ministers murdered, 384—5; relations
with Soviets, 295—6; Western Allies
and, 316-19
Przasnysz, Battle of, 238
Przemyśl, Battle of, 237
Pskov, 104-5, 389
Pulkovo Heights, 354
Pushkin, Alexander, 35n, 36, 38, 52
Putilov, Alexei, 169
Putin, Spiridon, 1, 422
Putin, Vladimir, 1, 367
Quelch, Harry, 131
Quelch, Thomas, 132
Rabochaya Gazeta, 323
Rabochaya My si, 81
Rabochee Delo, 91
Rabochii Put, 349
Rachkovsky, Pyotr, 86
Rachmaninov, Sergei, 258
Radchenko, Stepan, 74
Radek, Karl, 277-82, 285, 379, 460-1
‘radishes’, 425
Radsunski, Iwan, 418n
Radziwiłł, Princess Catherine, 265n
Rakhia, Eino, 9-11, 331, 333, 340, 462
Ransome, Arthur, 269—7On, 459
Rappaport, Charles, 203
Raskolnikov, Fyodor, 286, 383
Rasputin, Grigory, 236, 261
rationing system, Lenin introduces,
279-80
Ravich, Olga, 264, 277, 279
Rayment, Harry, 133
Rech, 13, 323
Red Army; formation, 436—9; recruits
Tsarist officers, 371, 437—8
Red Maria (prostitute), 254
Red Terror, 386-8, 417-18, 466-9,
491n
Reed, John, 17,19, 21, 304, 344, 354, 383,
462; his description of Lenin, 22—3
563
INDEX
religion; Lenin promises freedom of, 364;
Lenin suppresses, 472—5
reprimands, Communist Party, 428n
Republic, 353
Reswick, William, 501
Revolution (1905), 162-70, 236, 249,
257, 263, 294
Revolution (1917), see February
Revolution; October Revolution
revolutionaries, professional ’, 121—6,
216-17
Revolutionary Tribunals, 387
revolutionary vanguard’, 140
Richter, Hans, 256n
Riddell, Lord (George), 486n
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, 215n
Rittmeyer, Herr, 110
Rivera, Diego, 209
Robins, Raymond, 373n
Rochers de Naye, 157
Rodzianko, Mikhail, 260, 266
Rolland, Romain, 275
Romanian Securitate, 367
Romberg, Count Gisbert von, 274
Rothstein, Theodore, 456
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 38
Rovio, Gustav, 333, 340
Rozanov, Professor Vladimir, 412, 417,
488
Rozenel, Natalya, 162n
Rudzutak, Jan, 430, 502
Rue, Madame, 208
Russell, Bertrand, 479
Russian army; collapse of, 237—9, 260;
deserters, 305—6, 318; and Order
Number One, 305; post-February
Revolution, 304—6; Tsar takes personal
command, 265—6
Russian Civil War, 184n, 242n, 354n,
355n, 408, 436-50, 458, 486, 494;
anti-Semitism in, 446-8; deserters,
440, 443; Kronstadt sailors and, 464;
Western Allies and, 441—2, 448—9
Russian Jews, in London, 133n
Russian Social Democratic Workers’
Party (RSDLP), 104-5, 121, 136, 146;
becomes Communist Party, 105, 232n,
367n; and Bogdanov tendency, 195—8;
Bolshevik/Menshevik split, 11 In, 148—
55, 179—80, 194; London Congress
(1903), 148-51; London Congress
(1907), 180-3; and Revolution (1905),
165—8; and Schmidt Affair, 186—7;
splits over First World War, 245
Russian State Bank, 15, 183, 357, 362
Russian Thought, 73
Russo-Japanese War, 161, 165, 237, 249
Ryabushinsky, Pavel, 169
Rykov, Alexei, 365
Saburov, Prince Vladimir, 308
Sadoul, Captain Jacques, 373n
Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de, 403
St Basil’s Cathedral, 390
St Petersburg, see Petrograd
St Petersburg Soviet, Trotsky heads, 170
St Seraphim of Sarov, 504
St Sergius of Radonezh, 504
Sakhalin Island, 95n, 97
Sakharov, Viktor, 375
Samara, famine in, 470
samizdat literature, 54, 80, 111
Samsonov, General Alexander, 237
Sapozhnikov, Alexei, 468
Sapronov, Timofei, 464
Sarbatova, Varvara Grigoryevna, 34
Sassikov, Dr Semyon, 507
Savelev, Maximilian, 323
Schmidt, Ekaterina and Elizaveta, 185—6
Schmidt inheritance, 184—7, 254
school curriculum, Russian, 38
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 435
Scotland Yard, 131
Seagull, 384
sealed train’, 278—80
Semashko, Nikolai, 478, 488, 498
Semenovsky Guards, 168
serfs, emancipation of, 31, 54, 297
Sergei, Grand Duke, 408n
Sevastopol, 465
Shaginyan, Marietta, 31
Shakespeare, William, 158
Sheinman, Alexander, 352
Shelepina, Evgenia, 270n
Sheridan, Clare Consuelo, 480
Sherman, General William Tecumseh,
36
Shevyrev, Pyotr, 43
Shingarev, Andrei, 384—5
Shipov, Ivan, 357
564
INDEX
Shklovskaya, Nina, 468
Shklovsky, Viktor, 172n
Shlisselburg Fort, 42
Shlyapnikov, Alexander, 244, 254, 269,
284, 286, 289, 355, 465n
Shotman, Alexander, 150, 331—3, 336,
340
shtetls, 223
Shulgin, Vasily, 268, 305, 437, 446
Shushenskoye, and Lenin’s exile, 96—104,
109,119
Shuya, church plundered in, 474
Siberia; conditions for exiles, 97—8, 116;
development of natural sources, 486;
numbers of exiles, 95n
Sibiryakov, Konstantin, 65
Silver Age’ of Russian culture, 258
Silvin, Mikhail, 121
Simbirsk, 33-6, 38, 40-1, 47-8, 58, 298;
captured in Civil War, 443; famine in,
469-70; renamed Ulyanovsk, 35n; sale
of Ulyanov house, 48, 60, 65
Singer, Mendel, 233—4n
Singer Sewing Machines, 441, 486
Sipyagin, Dmitry, 74n
Sisson, Edgar, 313n
Skariatina, Countess Irina, 303
Sklarz, Georg, 273—4
Skrypnik, Nikolai, 414
Smidovich, Pyotr, 399
Smirnov, Anna Alexeyevna, 30
Smirnov, Vladimir, 116, 190
Smolný Institute, Lenin’s apartment in,
358-9
Snowden, Ethel, 486n
socialism, and class war, 306—7
socialist coups, in Germany and Hungary,
458-9
Socialist International, 180, 306; Stuttgart
Congress, 188—90
Socialist Messenger, 469n
Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs); assassi-
nations of Tsarist officials, 174,
218n; and Constituent Assembly
elections, 381, 383, 398; and February
Revolution, 269; formed from ruins of
Popuiists, 56; and Kaplan assassination
attempt, 414—15; maintain support
for First World War, 316; numbers
after 1905 Revolution, 194; rebel
against Bolsheviks, 397-400; split
after Bolshevik coup, 397; and Uritsky
assassination, 41 On
Society of Friends of Russian Freedom,
130
Sokolnikov, Grigory, 342n, 375, 379
Soutine, Chaim, 209
‘Soviet entrepreneurs’, 484
Soviet Treasury, first, 357
Soviet Union, identifies with Lenin, 346
Soviets, 15, 17On, 289, 292, 324, 344-5,
365
Sparado, Giovanni and Francesco, 197-8
Speakers’ Corner (London), 133,183n
Spengler, Oswald, 508
Spinoza, Baruch, 65n, 124
Spiridovna, Maria, 397—8, 400, 472
Stalin, Josef; anti-Semitism, 28n; ar-
rested and exiled to Siberia, 219; and
Bolshevik coup, 326-7, 342n, 343; and
Cheka, 371; and Constituent Assembly
elections, 381; and ‘deviationists’, 486;
edits Pravda, 283; and elite lifestyles,
424; and embalming of Lenin’s body,
503—4, 508; Georgian affair’, 495—6;
and Kaplan assassination attempt,
418, 420; knowledge of Lenin’s
Last Testament’, 494n; and Lenin
cult, 419—20; and Lenin’s birthday,
482; and Lenin’s ancestry, 28n, 31;
and Lenin’s last illness, 490, 492-3;
manipulates Nadya, 508—9; meets
Lenin, 171-2; and London Congress,
182; and move of capital to Moscow,
388-9, 507; pallbearer at Lenin’s
funeral, 502; and peace talks with
Germany, 376; and Polish War, 460;
and purge of intellectuals, 491; purges,
142, 400n, 451 n, 465, 509; receives
report on Lenin’s brain, 507; rivalry
with Trotsky, 444-5; rows with Lenin,
495-7; and Soviet decision-making,
479; and Soviet succession, 404n, 491,
493—5, 505—6; Sverdlov’s dislike of,
219n; and Tiflis bank robbery, 183-
4; and Tsarist arrests, 175; and war
against kulaks, 397, 418, 429, 444—5;
wide reading, 430
Stanewieski, Mieczslaw, 418
Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 334
565
INDEX
Stankevich, Vladimir, 296
Stashkov, Roman, 375
Stasova, Elena, 122—3, 203, 327
‘state capitalism , 484
State Publishing House (Gosizdat), 432,
435
Steffens, Lincoln, 388, 479
Steinberg, Justice Commissar, 384—5,
387-8,400
Stolypin, Pyotr, 161,174,193—4, 215, 308
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 36
Stravinsky, Igor, 258
Strelnikov, General Fyodor, 426
Strindberg, Karin, 116n
Striimpfel, Professor, 493n
Struve, Pyotr, 50, 73, 11 In, 143, 437
student protests, Lenin joins, 59—60
Stupishin (waiter), 39On
suicide rate, during war years, 259
Sukhanov, Nikolai, 119, 287—8, 290,
324, 327, 336, 339, 393; and Bolshevik
coup, 14, 22, 341-2
Suliasvili, David, 283
Sumenson, Evgenia Mavrikovna, 314—15
Sverdlov, Yakov, 219, 327, 341, 342n,
348, 360, 363, 370-1, 381, 383, 388-9,
399; and Kaplan assassination attempt,
412, 416—18, 420; and murder of
Romanovs, 401—4
Symbolists, 433
syphilis, 489
Takhtarev, Konstantin 81, 128
Tambov revolt, 472, 477
Tannenberg, Battle of, 237, 272
Taratuta, Viktor, 185—6
Tauride Palace, 267, 292, 295, 299, 322,
324, 382-3
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 147
Third Section, see Okhrana
Thornton factory strike, 75, 91
Tiflis bank robbery, 183—4, 201, 264
Tikhomirov, Viktor, 221
Tikhon, Metropolitan, 473—4
Times, The, 97, 235
Tkachev, Pyotr, 55
Tolstoy, Alexey, 19, 435
Tolstoy, Lev, 36, 38, 70, 206, 431-2, 471;
Resurrection, 432n; War and Peace,
238
Tolstoya, Sophia, 308
Tomsky, Mikhail, 502
Tornio border crossing, 283—4
toska (nostalgia), 127n
Trans-Siberian Railway, 160
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 372—9, 389,
398-9,438, 441,460
Treaty of Riga, 461
Trepov, General Fyodor, 51
‘Troika , the, 199, 505
Trotsky, Leon; absent from Lenin’s
funeral, 502; ambition, 339n; anti-
Semitism, 446; arrogance, 494—5; and
Bolshevik coup, 10—12, 14—15, 20, 22,
339-40, 342-5, 348-9, 352, 354, 356;
and Bolshevik government, 359-60,
363, 366, 370; chairs Petrograd Soviet,
336; and Civil War, 411, 436-9, 443-6;
and Clare Sheridan, 480; comments on
Kerensky, 299; and democracy, 382,
384; dislike of Kamenev, 200n; and elite
lifestyles, 424-5; and food shortages,
394—5; ‘freelance revolutionary ,
325n; and German funding cover-up,
315, 466; heads St Petersburg Soviet,
170, 175n; imprisoned in Peter and
Paul Fortress, 175n; Jewish ancestry,
135, 446; joins Bolsheviks, 325n, 339;
and July Days, 323, 325—7; justifies
violence, 294, 387; and Kaplan
assassination attempt, 411, 418—19;
and Kronstadt sailors, 464-6; and
Lenin cult, 419; and Lenin s birthday,
482; and Lenin s debating style, 84-5;
and Lenin s health, 477; and Lenin s
last illness, 490; and Lenin’s reading,
61; and Lenin s working habits, 429;
meets Lenin, 135—6; and move of
capital to Moscow, 389, 390n; and
murder of Romanovs, 402—3; the name
‘Trotsky , 135n; oratory, 301, 339; and
Party split, 148, 152, 180; and peace
talks with Germany, 372—9; and Polish
War, 460—1; and press freedom, 350;
and printing of Pravda, 313; refuses
premiership, 14; rivalry with Stalin,
219n, 444-5; and ‘secret treaties , 356,
374; and Soviet succession, 491, 493-5,
502n, 505—6; Special Order Number
30, 438; and SR rebellion, 399—400;
566
INDEX
and Volga famine, 70; writing style,
73; wide reading, 430; and worldwide
revolution, 459; and Zimmerwald
Manifesto, 245—6
Trotskyism, and * permanent revolution ,
249
Trudoviks, 298
Trup (valet), 406
Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad), 397, 418, 429, 444
Tsarskoe Selo, 106, 163, 176, 265, 403
Tsel’ms, Jan, 405n
Tsereteli, Irakli, 311, 347, 383
Tskhakaya, Mikhail, 198
Tsvetaeva, Marina, 41 On, 435, 437, 445;
The Swans’ Encampment, 445n
Tsyurupa, Alexander, 395—6, 485
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, 458, 466, 472
Tukums, spared reprisals, 175
Turgenev, Ivan, 38, 182, 431; his brain,
507
Turkestan Communist Party, 462
Turukhansk, 98n, 119
Tyrkova- Vil’ iams, Ariadne, 78—9
U-boats, 274
Ufa, 104-5
Ukraine, 175, 317-18, 323, 376, 279,400,
439, 447; famine, 470; and Polish War,
457-8, 460-1
Ulyanov, Alexander Ilyich, 34, 36, 40—1,
52, 56, 70, 73, 123, 404, 458; execution,
42—8, 58; influence of Chernyshevsky,
63
Ulyanov, Dmitry Ilyich, 25, 36, 58, 60,
64, 69, 97, 187, 224; and embalming
of Lenin s body, 503; and Lenin’s
funeral, 502; and Lenin s last illness,
476, 488; his son, 228
Ulyanov, Ilya Nikolayevich, 30—2, 35—6,
38, 60; death, 40-1, 58, 347
Ulyanov, Vasily, 60
Ulyanova, Anna Ilyinichna, 27, 28n, 29,
32-4, 37, 43-4, 64-5, 70, 128, 207,
210, 291, 320, 325, 429; her adopted
son, 228n, 291; arrested, 123; and
embalming of Lenin’s body, 503;
Kerensky recognises, 299; and Lenin s
arrest, 92, 94—6; and Lenin s funeral,
502; and Lenin s return to Russia,
173-4; quarrels with Lenin, 241;
relationship with Nadya, 79, 102
Ulyanova, Maria Alexandrovna, 28-30,
41, 44; and Alexander s execution,
43, 45-8; buys Alakayevka property,
65—6, 169; and Arefev lawsuit, 69;
death, 243—4; last meeting with Lenin,
211; Lenin visits her grave, 291-2;
and Lenin’s arrest, 92-6; and Lenin s
finances, 30, 60, 68, 187, 208, 254; and
Lenin s holidays, 156, 157n, 158, 188;
and Lenin s marriage, 104; and Lenin s
relationship with Inessa, 213; and
Lenin s return to Russia, 173—4; and
Lenin s university education, 59—61;
and Nadya’s health, 224
Ulyanova, Maria Ilyinichna, 27, 32, 41,
65, 70, 171, 187, 231, 286, 321n, 341,
478; and Alexander s execution, 48n;
arrested, 93, 123; and embalming of
Lenin s body, 503; and ‘Georgian
affair , 496; and hair restoration
treatment, 72; and Kaplan assassination
attempt, 410, 412, 416n; and Lenin in
Geneva, 193—4; and Lenin in Paris,
208, 21 On, 211; and Lenin s exile, 100;
and Lenin s funeral, 502; and Lenin’s
holidays, 157n, 158, 188; and Lenin s
finances, 253; and Lenin s last illness,
488-90; and Lenin s ‘Last Testament ,
494, 505; and Lenin s relationship with
Inessa, 213, 227; life after Lenin, 508;
lives with Lenin and Nadya, 421—2;
and move of capital to Moscow, 388—9;
and Nadya s health, 225; works for
Pravda, 453
Ulyanova, Olga, 27n, 33-4, 58, 291, 347
Ulyanovsk, see Simbirsk
Union of Russian Social Democrats, 150
Union of Struggle, 74, 91, 105, 118
Union of the Russian People, 175—6
Unshlikht, Josef, 469
Uritsky, Moisei, 342n, 381, 410, 418
Vaganov, Stepan, 40 5n
Valentinov, Nikolai, 63, 72, 132, 146,
153,177, 501
Vaneyev, Anatoly, 98n
Vatsetis, General Jukums, 400
Velichkina, Vera, 321, 412
Veretennikov, Nikolai, 64
567
INDEX
Verkhovsky, General Alexander, 344n
Verkhoyansk, 98n
Versailles Conference, 449
Vetrova, Maria, 52n
Victoria, Queen, 160n
Vinogradov, Vasily, 428
Vlaminck, Maurice de, 209
Vlasova, Elena, 202
vodka, wartime ban on, 259n
Vogt, Dr Oskar, 506—7
Voitinsky, Vladimir, 84
Volga famines, 69-70, 469-71
Volinsky Regiment, 267, 353
Volkenstein, Mikhail, 71, 92—3
Volkovo Cemetery, 243, 291—2, 503
Volny, Ivan, 468
Volodarsky, V., 398—9
Volodicheva, Maria, 494, 496
Voltaire, 38, 65n
Volunteer Army, 439, 445-7
Volya Naroda, 350
Volyn pogroms, 447
Vorbote, 242
Vorobyov, Vladimir, 507
Vyazemsky, Prince Boris, 309
Vyperod, 165
Wagner, Richard, 431
Wallstens, Gustav, 191
War Communism , 483
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 99, 102,
127
wedding rings, 101 n
Wells, H. G., 479
West Siberian Railway, 96
Westinghouse, 486
Westminster Abbey, 136
Whitehouse, Sheldon, 16n
Wiik, Karl, 333
Wild, Nathalie, 205
Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 280
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 273, 404, 408n
Williams, Albert Rhys, 303, 382
Williams, Harold, 164
Wilson, Field Marshal Sir Henry, 260-1
Wilson, President Woodrow, 317, 373,
449
Winter Palace; and Bloody Sunday, 164;
and Bolshevik coup, 14—21, 337, 348,
436; government reinstated, 334—5;
and outbreak of First World War, 236;
shelled by Aurora, 19—20, 464
Witte, Count Sergei, 49, 160-1, 174,
176n,236
women; ensured equal rights, 364;
suffrage movement, 51; terrorists, 51—
2; theoretical equality of, 80—1
Women s Shock Battalion, 17n, 20
Woodhall, Edwin, 182n
world revolution, Lenin s belief in, 458—
9, 461
Wrangel, Pyotr, 446
Yakovlev, Ivan, 74—5
Yakovleva, Varvara, 342
Yakubova, Apollinaria, 81, 94, 128
Yasnaya Polyana, 308
Yelagin Island, 320
Yelistratov, Dr, 499
Yemelyanov, Nikolai, 329-32
Yeo, Emma Louise, 128
Yeo, Leonard, 128
Young Turks, 250
Yudenich, General Nikolai, 441
Yudin, Gennady Vassilyevich, 96
Yurovsky, Yakov, 370n, 404—7
Yusupov, Princess, 424
Zalkind, Fyodor, 315
Zamyatin, Evgeny, 435
Zara, 274
Zasulich, Vera, 51, 64n, 105, 114, 129—
30, 136, 150, 169-70, 228, 351
Zaytsev, Boris, 435
Zbarsky, Boris, 507
Zbarsky, Ilya, 508
zemstvos, 54, 297
Zetkin, Clara, 187, 190, 250, 421, 457,
461, 477,497
Zharalova, Olymprada, 421
Zheleznyakov, Anatoly, 383
Zheltyshev, Yuri, 359
Zhelyabov, Andrei, 52
Zhitomirsky, Yakov, 200—1
Zhivoe Slovo, 325
Zimin, Madame, 260
Zimmerman, Arthur, 251, 273
Zimmerwald Manifesto, 245—6
Zinoviev, Grigory, 210, 212, 222, 232,
240, 243, 256, 304, 391, 443, 478; and
568
INDEX
American aid, 471; closeness to Lenin,
199—200; and elite lifestyles, 423—4;
and embalming of Lenin s body,
503, 508; and execution of ‘hostages ,
417; flight to Finland, 329-32; and
‘Georgian affair , 496; and German
funding cover-up, 315, 466; and Lenin
cult, 419; and Lenin s arrest in Poland,
233—4; and Lenin s birthday, 482; and
Lenin s last illness, 493; and Lenin s
return to Russia, 273, 277, 280—1; and
Malinovsky, 219—20; pallbearer at
Lenin s funeral, 502; and peace talks
with Germany, 376, 379; rebels against
Lenin, 365—6; resists Bolshevik coup,
342—3, 495; and Soviet succession, 491,
495, 505; and SR rebellion, 398
Zinoviev, Stepan, 228, 277
Zinovieva, Zina (Lilina), 199, 228, 230,
283
Züricher Post, 262
Zweig, Stefan, 256, 275
Bcyails
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569
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sebestyen, Victor 1956- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)126802602 |
| author_facet | Sebestyen, Victor 1956- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sebestyen, Victor 1956- |
| author_variant | v s vs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044644372 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK254 |
| callnumber-raw | DK254.L4 |
| callnumber-search | DK254.L4 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3254 L4 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1015861107 (DE-599)BVBBV044644372 |
| dewey-full | 947.0841092 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.0841092 |
| dewey-search | 947.0841092 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.0841092 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Soviet Union Politics and government 1917-1936 |
| geographic_facet | Soviet Union Politics and government 1917-1936 |
| id | DE-604.BV044644372 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:58:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781101871638 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017008076 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030042250 |
| oclc_num | 1015861107 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xix, 569 Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Pantheon Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sebestyen, Victor 1956- (DE-588)126802602 aut Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror Victor Sebestyen New York Pantheon Books [2017] © 2017 xix, 569 Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "Since the birth of Soviet Russia, Vladimir Lenin has been viewed as a controversial figure, revered and reviled for his rigid political ideals. He continues to fascinate as a man who made history, and created the first Communist state, a model that would later be imitated by nearly half the countries in the world. Drawing on new research, including the diaries, memoirs, and personal letters of both Lenin and his friends, Victor Sebestyen's biography...the first in English in nearly two decades...is not only a political examination of one of the most important historical figures of the twentieth century, but a portrait of Lenin the man. Lenin was someone who loved nature, hunting, fishing and could identify hundreds of species of plants, a despotic ruler whose closest ties and friendships were with women. The long-suppressed story of the complex love triangle Lenin had with his wife, and his mistress and comrade, reveals a different character to the coldly one-dimensional figure of the legend. Sebestyen also reveals Lenin as a ruthless and single-minded despot and a 'product of his time and place: a violent, tyrannical and corrupt Russia.' He seized power in a coup, promised a revolution, a socialist utopia for the people, offered simple solutions to complex issues and constantly lied; in fact, what he created was more 'a mirror image of the Romanov autocracy.' He authorized the deaths of thousands of people, and created a system based on the idea that political terror against opponents was justified for the greater ideal. One of his old comrades who had once admired him said he 'desired the good... but created evil.' And that would include his invention of Stalin, who would take Lenin's system of the gulag and the secret police to new heights"... Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Influence Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Political and social views Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Relations with women Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Psychology Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 gnd rswk-swf BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical / bisacsh HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union / bisacsh Revolutionaries Soviet Union Biography Dictators Soviet Union Biography State-sponsored terrorism Soviet Union History BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union Soviet Union Politics and government 1917-1936 (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-101-87164-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Sebestyen, Victor, 1956- author Lenin New York : Pantheon, 2017 9781101871645 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030042250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030042250&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sebestyen, Victor 1956- Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Influence Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Political and social views Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Relations with women Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Psychology Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 gnd BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical / bisacsh HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union / bisacsh Revolutionaries Soviet Union Biography Dictators Soviet Union Biography State-sponsored terrorism Soviet Union History BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118640402 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror |
| title_auth | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror |
| title_exact_search | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror |
| title_full | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror Victor Sebestyen |
| title_fullStr | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror Victor Sebestyen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lenin the man, the dictator, and the master of terror Victor Sebestyen |
| title_short | Lenin |
| title_sort | lenin the man the dictator and the master of terror |
| title_sub | the man, the dictator, and the master of terror |
| topic | Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Influence Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Political and social views Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Relations with women Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Psychology Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 gnd BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical / bisacsh HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union / bisacsh Revolutionaries Soviet Union Biography Dictators Soviet Union Biography State-sponsored terrorism Soviet Union History BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union |
| topic_facet | Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Influence Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Political and social views Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Relations with women Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich 1870-1924 Psychology Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical / bisacsh HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union / bisacsh Revolutionaries Soviet Union Biography Dictators Soviet Union Biography State-sponsored terrorism Soviet Union History BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union Soviet Union Politics and government 1917-1936 Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030042250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030042250&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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