Borrowing: loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar
"Studies of bilingual behavior have been proliferating for decades, yet short shrift has been given to its major manifestation, the incorporation of words from one language into the discourse of another. This volume redresses that imbalance by going straight to the source: bilingual speakers in...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Oxford University Press
[2018]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Studies of bilingual behavior have been proliferating for decades, yet short shrift has been given to its major manifestation, the incorporation of words from one language into the discourse of another. This volume redresses that imbalance by going straight to the source: bilingual speakers in their social context. Building on more than three decades of original research based on vast quantities of spontaneous performance data and a highly ramified analytical apparatus, Shana Poplack characterizes the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in the speech community and in the grammar, both synchronically and diachronically. In contrast to most other treatments, which deal with the product of borrowing (if they consider it at all), this book examines the process: how speakers go about incorporating foreign items into their bilingual discourse; how they adapt them to recipient-language grammatical structure; how these forms diffuse across speakers and communities; how long they persist in real time; and whether they change over the duration. Attacking some of the most contentious issue in language mixing research empirically, it tests hypotheses about established loanwords, nonce borrowings and code-switches on a wealth of unique datasets on typologically similar and distinct language pairs. A major focus is the detailed analysis of integration: the principal mechanism underlying the borrowing process. Though the shape the borrowed form assumes may be colored by community convention, Poplack shows that the act of transforming donor-language elements into native material is universal. Emphasis on actual speaker behavior coupled with strong standards of proof, including data-driven reports of rates of occurrence, conditioning of variant choice and measures of statistical significance, make Borrowing an indispensable reference on language contact and bilingual behavior. "... |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 246 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780190256371 9780190256388 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | BACK TO BORROWING
/ POPLACK, SHANAYYEAUTHOR
: 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS / INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 A VARIATIONIST PERSPECTIVE ON BORROWING
CHAPTER 3 BILINGUAL CORPORA
CHAPTER 4 BORROWING IN THE SPEECH COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 5 DEALING WITH VARIABILITY IN LOANWORD INTEGRATION
CHAPTER 6 THE BARE FACTS OF BORROWING
CHAPTER 7 CONFIRMATION THROUGH REPLICATION: OTHER LANGUAGE PAIRS, OTHER
DIAGNOSTICS
CHAPTER 8 HOW NONCE BORROWINGS BECOME LOANWORDS
CHAPTER 9 DISTINGUISHING BORROWING AND CODE-SWITCHING: WHY IT MATTERS
CHAPTER 10 THE ROLE OF PHONETICS IN BORROWING AND INTEGRATION
CHAPTER 11 THE SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF BORROWING
CHAPTER 12 EPILOGUE
APPENDIX A SPEAKER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OTTAWA-HULL CORPUS
APPENDIX B SOURCES OF ATTESTATION HISTORIES FOR ENGLISH-ORIGIN WORDS IN
THE OTTAWA-HULL CORPUS
DIESES SCHRIFTSTUECK WURDE MASCHINELL ERZEUGT.
CONTENTS
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Abbreviations and conventions xix
1. Rationale 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Definitions 5
1.3. Plan of this volume 8
2. A variationist perspective on borrowing 14
2.1. Introduction 14
2.2. The primacy of the speech community 15
2.3. Speakers 17
2.4. Data 18
2.5. Analysis 19
2.5.1. The Principle of Accountability 20
2.5.2. Identifying patterns 21
2.5.3. Circumscribing the variable context 21
2.6. Contextualizing language-mixing strategies 23
2.6.1. Comparison as validation 25
2.6.2. The conflict site and the Principle of Diagnosticity 26
2.7. Procedure 27
2.8. Summary 28
3. Bilingual corpora 30
3.1. Introduction 30
3.2. The Ottawa-Hull French Corpus 31
3.3. Diachronic corpora 37
3.4. Other language pairs 38
4. Borrowing in the speech community 40
4.1. Introduction 40
4.2. Data and method 40
4.2.1. English-origin forms in Ottawa-Hull French 40
4.2.2. Constituting a corpus of borrowings 41
4.2.3. Coding procedures 42
4.2.4. Assessing frequency 43
vil
viii Contents
4.3. Results 44
4.3.1. Overall distribution of English-origin words 44
4.3.2. Lexical integration of English-origin forms 45
4.3.3. Borrowability of different parts of speech 48
4.3.4. Linguistic integration of English-origin words 50
4.3.4.1. Gender assignment 50
4.3.4.2. Morphological integration 52
4.3.4.2.1. Plural marking 52
4.3.4.2.2. Verbal inflection 53
4.3.4.2.3. Adjective and adverb inflection 54
4.3.4.3. Syntactic integration 55
4.3.4.4. Phonetic integration 56
4.3.5. The role of lexical need 58
4.4. Discussion 60
5. Dealing with variability in loanword integration 62
5.1. Introduction 62
5.2. Data and method 63
5.3. Detecting borrowings in spontaneous speech 66
5.3.1. The role of function words 66
5.3.2. The light verb strategy 66
5.3.3. Case-marking 67
5.4. Results 68
5.4.1. The accusative case 68
5.4.1.1. Word order 68
5.4.1.2. Word class 69
5.4.1.3. Accusative case-marking 70
5.4.2. The dative case 72
5.4.2.1. Word class 72
5.4.2.2. Syntactic context 72
5.4.2.3. Dative case-marking 73
5.4.3. Tamil-origin objects of English verbs 74
5.4.4. Summary 76
5.4.5. Coincidence sites: Nominative case 77
5.5. Discussion 78
6. The bare facts of borrowing 80
6.1. Introduction 80
6.2. Nominal modification in the Wolof-French and Fongbe-
French language pairs x 82
6.2.1. Data and method 82
6.2.2. NP structure in monolingual and bilingual discourse 84
6.3. Results 87
6.3.1. Wolof-French 87
6.3.2. Fongbe-French 90
Contents m ix
6.4. Nominal modification in the Igbo-English language pair 91
6.5. Discussion 96
7. Confirmation through replication: Other language pairs,
other diagnostics 97
7.1. Introduction 97
7.2. Word order in Gulf Arabic-English 98
7.3. Verb and adjective structure in Persian-English 99
7.4. Inflection and vowel harmony in Igbo-English 101
7.5. Vowel harmony in Turkish-English 105
7.6. Case-marking in Ukrainian-English 105
7.7. Case-marking in Japanese-English 109
7.8. Determination in Spanish-English 113
7.9. Other avenues for integration: The No-Inflection Constraint
in Tunisian Arabic-French 115
7.10. Discussion 120
8. How nonce borrowings become loanwords 122
8.1. Introduction 122
8.2. Data and method 123
8.3. Results 125
8.3.1. The Diffusion Assumption 125
8.3.2. The Graduality Assumption 127
8.3.2.1. Verb inflection 129
8.3.2.2. Plural marking 131
8.3.2.3. Determiner realization 132
8.3.2.4. Consistency in gender assignment 134
8.4. Discussion 138
9. Distinguishing borrowing and code-switching: Why it matters 141
9.1. Introduction 141
9.2. Data 142
9.3. Results 143
9.3.1. Lexical constitution of mixing strategies 143
9.3.2. Linguistic integration 145
9.3.2.1. Verb inflection 145
9.3.2.2. Plural marking 145
9.3.2.3. Determiner realization 147
9.3.2.4. Adjective placement 148
9.3.2.5. Consistency in gender assignment 150
9.3.3. Speaker propensity to code-switch and nonce borrow 152
9.4. Corroborating evidence 153
9.5. Discussion 156
Contents
10. The role of phonetics in borrowing and integration 158
10.1. Introduction 158
10.2. Method 159
10.2.1. Speakers 160
10.2.2. Mixing types 160
10.2.3. Diagnostics 161
10.3. The LR benchmark 164
10.4. Realization of nonce borrowings 164
10.4.1. The role of the diagnostic segment 164
10.4.2. The role of the individual 165
10.4.3. The role of extra-linguistic factors 167
10.4.3.1. Speaker age 167
10.4.3.2. Individual bilingual ability · 167
10.4.3.3. Intensity of contact at the local level 168
10.4.4. Handling multiple segments of a single
nonce borrowing 169
10.4.5. Summary: Nonce borrowings 169
10.5. Realization of attested loanwords 170
10.5.1. The role of the diagnostic segment and the individual 170
10.5.2. The role of extra-linguistic factors 170
10.5.3. Handling multiple iterations of a single
attested loanword 172
10.5.4. Summary: Attested loanwords 174
10.6. Realization of code-switches 175
10.6.1. The role of the diagnostic segment and the individual 175
10.6.2. The role of extra-linguistic factors 176
10.6.3. Summary: Code-switches 176
10.7. Relative treatment of language-mixing types 176
10.7.1. Overall integration rates 178
10.7.2. Controlling for the individual: Integration of nonce
borrowings relative to attested loanwords
and code-switches 179
10.8. Discussion 181
11. The social dynamics of borrowing 186
11.1. Introduction 186
11.2. Method 187
11.3. The contribution of extra-linguistic factors to borrowing 187
11.3.1. Proficiency in English 187
11.3.2. Neighborhood of residence 189
11.3.3. Occupational class 192
11.3.4. Age 193
Contents s xi
11.3.5. Gender 195
11.3.6. Education 196
11.3.7. Relative importance of social influences on borrowing 197
11.4. Tapping into loanword diffusion: The sharedness measure 199
11.5. The role of speaker attitudes 202
11.6. Other evidence: French incorporations in Quebec English 206
11.7. Discussion 208
12. Epilogue 210
12.1. Rationale 210
12.2. Recognizing integration 211
12.3. Key findings 212
12.4. The primacy of the speech community 214
12.5. Assessing the method 214
12.6. Moving toward consensus 214
12.7. Future directions 215
Appendix A: Speaker characteristics of the Ottawa-Hull
French Corpus 217
Appendix B: Sources of attestation histories for English-origin
words in the Ottawa-Hull French Corpus 223
B.l. European French 223
B.2. Canadian French 223
References 225
Index 237
|
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| format | Book |
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This volume redresses that imbalance by going straight to the source: bilingual speakers in their social context. Building on more than three decades of original research based on vast quantities of spontaneous performance data and a highly ramified analytical apparatus, Shana Poplack characterizes the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in the speech community and in the grammar, both synchronically and diachronically. In contrast to most other treatments, which deal with the product of borrowing (if they consider it at all), this book examines the process: how speakers go about incorporating foreign items into their bilingual discourse; how they adapt them to recipient-language grammatical structure; how these forms diffuse across speakers and communities; how long they persist in real time; and whether they change over the duration. Attacking some of the most contentious issue in language mixing research empirically, it tests hypotheses about established loanwords, nonce borrowings and code-switches on a wealth of unique datasets on typologically similar and distinct language pairs. A major focus is the detailed analysis of integration: the principal mechanism underlying the borrowing process. Though the shape the borrowed form assumes may be colored by community convention, Poplack shows that the act of transforming donor-language elements into native material is universal. Emphasis on actual speaker behavior coupled with strong standards of proof, including data-driven reports of rates of occurrence, conditioning of variant choice and measures of statistical significance, make Borrowing an indispensable reference on language contact and bilingual behavior. 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| id | DE-604.BV044631484 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:57:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190256371 9780190256388 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017007215 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030029495 |
| oclc_num | 1002904311 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-29 |
| physical | xxi, 246 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Poplack, Shana (DE-588)1151328375 aut Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar Shana Poplack New York Oxford University Press [2018] xxi, 246 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "Studies of bilingual behavior have been proliferating for decades, yet short shrift has been given to its major manifestation, the incorporation of words from one language into the discourse of another. This volume redresses that imbalance by going straight to the source: bilingual speakers in their social context. Building on more than three decades of original research based on vast quantities of spontaneous performance data and a highly ramified analytical apparatus, Shana Poplack characterizes the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in the speech community and in the grammar, both synchronically and diachronically. In contrast to most other treatments, which deal with the product of borrowing (if they consider it at all), this book examines the process: how speakers go about incorporating foreign items into their bilingual discourse; how they adapt them to recipient-language grammatical structure; how these forms diffuse across speakers and communities; how long they persist in real time; and whether they change over the duration. Attacking some of the most contentious issue in language mixing research empirically, it tests hypotheses about established loanwords, nonce borrowings and code-switches on a wealth of unique datasets on typologically similar and distinct language pairs. A major focus is the detailed analysis of integration: the principal mechanism underlying the borrowing process. Though the shape the borrowed form assumes may be colored by community convention, Poplack shows that the act of transforming donor-language elements into native material is universal. Emphasis on actual speaker behavior coupled with strong standards of proof, including data-driven reports of rates of occurrence, conditioning of variant choice and measures of statistical significance, make Borrowing an indispensable reference on language contact and bilingual behavior. "... LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics / bisacsh Language and languages Foreign words and phrases Language and languages Foreign elements Languages in contact Grammar, Comparative and general LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics Entlehnung (DE-588)4124840-5 gnd rswk-swf Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd rswk-swf Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd rswk-swf Lehnwort (DE-588)4035076-9 gnd rswk-swf Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 s Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 s Entlehnung (DE-588)4124840-5 s Lehnwort (DE-588)4035076-9 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, pdf 978-0-19-025639-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebook 978-0-19-069908-6 LoC Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030029495&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030029495&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Poplack, Shana Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics / bisacsh Language and languages Foreign words and phrases Language and languages Foreign elements Languages in contact Grammar, Comparative and general LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics Entlehnung (DE-588)4124840-5 gnd Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd Lehnwort (DE-588)4035076-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4124840-5 (DE-588)4077723-6 (DE-588)4077623-2 (DE-588)4035076-9 |
| title | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar |
| title_auth | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar |
| title_exact_search | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar |
| title_full | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar Shana Poplack |
| title_fullStr | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar Shana Poplack |
| title_full_unstemmed | Borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar Shana Poplack |
| title_short | Borrowing |
| title_sort | borrowing loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar |
| title_sub | loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar |
| topic | LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics / bisacsh Language and languages Foreign words and phrases Language and languages Foreign elements Languages in contact Grammar, Comparative and general LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics Entlehnung (DE-588)4124840-5 gnd Sprachkontakt (DE-588)4077723-6 gnd Soziolinguistik (DE-588)4077623-2 gnd Lehnwort (DE-588)4035076-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative / bisacsh LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics / bisacsh Language and languages Foreign words and phrases Language and languages Foreign elements Languages in contact Grammar, Comparative and general LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Psycholinguistics Entlehnung Sprachkontakt Soziolinguistik Lehnwort |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030029495&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030029495&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT poplackshana borrowingloanwordsinthespeechcommunityandinthegrammar |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis