Documentary media: history, theory, practice
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Routledge
2018
|
| Ausgabe: | 2nd edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 349 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781138677555 9781138677562 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Reimagining Documentary 1
Reality? 2
Objectivity? 4
Truth? 7
The Subject of Documentary 10
The Gap11 Between Subject and Maker 10
Countering Ethnography 11
Pushing Documentary Form and Function 13
Documentary, Power, and the Public Sphere 18
Into Practice 23
2 A Brief History of Documentary: Movements and Modes 27
Robert Flaherty: Character and Story Development 28
Foregrounding Form: The Reflexive Mode 29
Soviet Montage 30
Found Footage, Remix, and Culture Jamming 32
Reflexive Moments 34
Ways of Seeing: Avant-Gardes and the Poetic Mode 35
Documentary as Hammer: The Expository Mode 38
Direct Cinema: The Observational Mode 40
Cinéma Vérité: The Participatory Mode 44
The Emergence of Video: Taking on TV Top-Down Conglomerate Media 46
Body as Conduit: The Performative Mode 50
Feminist Performativity 51
Queer Performativity 53
Broader Use of the Performative Mode 54
Performing Self: The Autobiographical Mode 56
Third-Wave Feminism and Autobiography 56
Gay Rights Media and Queer Autobiography 58
Trying Out Reality: The Essayistic Mode 60
New Forms of Experience: The Interactive Mode 63
Multimodal Making 68
Into Practice 69
3 Content, Rhetoric, Structure 73
Content: What’s It Really About? 73
The Central Question 74
Narrative: Theme, Story, Plot 76
World and Scope 78
Who Is Your Intended Audience? 81
Documentary Function 83
viii Contents
Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion 85
A Sense of Ethos: Character Development 86
Feeling Pathos: Emotional Truths 88
Building with Logos: Demonstrative Proof 90
Rhetoric In the Digital Age 92
Choosing Your Rhetoric 94
Structure: Organizing Reality 96
Linear Structure: Aristotle and Hollywood 96
Episodic and Thematic Structural Variations 98
Structuring Serialized and Interactive Documentaries 102
Developing Character Arcs 104
Establishing a Present Tense 105
Conclusion 106
Into Practice 107
4 Style: Audiovisualizing the Documentary 111
Visual Design 111
Shooting Format 112
Aspect Ratio 113
Color versus Black and White 114
Framing 115
Shot Size 118
Camera Placement 118
Movement 120
Lighting 122
Visual Metaphors and Structural Motifs 125
Challenging Expectations 127
Sound Design 129
Tracks 130
Smart Design 132
Sound Alternatives: Beyond Voice-Over and Talking Heads 134
The Big Picture 138
Into Practice 139
Aesthetic Plan 139
Project Treatment 142
5 Documentary Ethics: Focusing Your Professional Gaze 145
The Gaze 146
The Accidental Gaze 146
The Helpless Gaze 147
The Endangered Gaze 147
The Interventional Gaze 148
The Humane Stare 149
The Professional Gaze 15°
Approaching Others 151
Community and Cultural Specificity 151
Informed Consent and Release 152
Assessing Risk 155
Ethical Production Methods 157
Contents
IX
A Religious Mandate? 158
Shame and Ridicule as Documentary Strategies? 160
The Legacies of intervention 162
Watching Reality Through a Viewfinder 162
To the Rescue 164
Sustainable Intervention 165
An Ethics of the Archive 166
The Anonymous Nazi Archive 167
The Power of Naming 170
Copyright and Fair Use 171
Creative Commons 173
Producing a Rights and Clearances Log 173
Your Professional Gaze 174
Into Practice 175
Ethical Plan 175
informed Consent/Release Form 177
6 Capturing Reality: Production Strategies 181
In for The Long Haul: Harlan County, U.S.A. 182
Planning Ahead and Letting Go: Touch the Sound 185
A Vested Crew: Dark Days 190
The Production Notebook 192
informed Consent/Release Forms and Emergency Medical Forms 192
Location Releases and Permits 192
Production insurance and Carnets 194
Shooting Schedule 194
Call Sheets 195
Treatment and Prospectus 195
Technical Reports or Logs 196
The Right Tools for the Job: Camera and Sound Tests 197
Location Scouting 197
Camera Tests 197
Lighting and Exposure 198
Making Sound Decisions 199
Types of Microphones 200
Handling and Positioning 201
Single or Dual System Recording 202
Covering Your Bases 204
Shooting on the Fly: Field Techniques 204
Interviewing Tips 204
Coverage, Handles, and Transitions 206
Room Tone and Wild Sounds 209
Developing a Routine 210
Into Practice 211
7 Shaping Reality: The Postproduction Process 213
Introduction: Cutting out the Bad Parts? 214
I. Developing an Editing Style 217
Shots, Scenes, and Sequences 217
Contents
X
Transparency versus Reflexivity 218
Modes and Editing Style 221
Manipulating Space and Time 222
Suspense versus Surprise 224
Teasers and Trailers 225
Toward a Poetics and Ethics of Editing 228
II. Designing Sound 230
Track Organization 230
Masking Sound 231
Bridging Sound 232
Words, Words, Words 234
Mickey Mousing 234
Dynamics 235
Toward an Ethics of Scoring and Sound Design 236
Music Rights 239
Working with a Composer 241
A Grizzly Man Case Study 242
Conclusion: A Postproduction Map 244
Into Practice 247
Music Release Form 248
8 From Media to Movement: Distribution, Outreach, and Engagement 251
Audience 252
Access 255
Action 260
Community 265
The Future of Documentary 268
Into Practice 269
Distribution, Outreach, and Engagement Plan 270
Appendices
Appendix A—Project 1: Camera-Less Documentary 275
Appendix B—Project 2: Exploring Modes of Representation 279
Appendix C—Project 3: Gaining Perspective 283
Appendix D—Project 4: Editing a Teaser and Trailer 287
Appendix E—Project 5: Establishing a Web Presence 291
Appendix F—Exercise: Camera Concepts 297
Appendix G—Exercise: Sound Decisions 309
Appendix H—Quick Reference: Documentary Modes 313
Appendix I—Quick Reference: Sample Forms and Guidelines 317
Emergency Medical Form 318
Location Release Form 319
Call Sheet 320
Appendix J~Quick Reference: Prospectus Checklist and Guidelines 321
Appendix K—Quick Reference: Media Resource List 323
Index
339
In a digital moment where both the democratizing and totalitarian possibilities of media
are unprecedented, the need for complex, ethical, and imaginative documentary media-
tor you, the reader of this book to think, question, and create—is vital. Whether you are an
aspiring or seasoned practitioner, an activist or community leader, a student or scholar,
or simply a curious audience member, author Broderick Fox opens up documentary media
and its changing forms and diversifying social functions to readers in a manner that is at
once rigorous, absorbing, and practical. This new edition updates and further explores the
various histories, ideas, and cultural debates that surround and shape documentary practice
today. Each chapter engages readers by challenging traditional assumptions, posing critical
and creative questions, and offering up innovative historical and contemporary examples.
Additionally, each chapter closes with an Into Practice section that provides analysis and
development exercises and hands-on projects that will assist you in generating a full project
prospectus, promotional trailer, and web presence for your own documentary.
Broderick Fox is a media practitioner and scholar whose work explores the democratizing
potentials of digital media technologies and distribution platforms to engage challenging
perspectives and subject matters traditionally excised from mainstream media. His award-
winning documentaries, including recent titles The Skin I’m In and Zen the Art of Dying,
are available globally on a number of platforms including the academic streaming service
Kanopy. Fox is a professor in the Media Arts and Culture Department at Occidental College
in Los Angeles, where he teaches courses on both theory and production.
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