Australian English: pronunciation and transcription
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2017
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 266 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781316639269 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804177911100473345 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of tables page ix
List of figures x
Acknowledgements xii
Consonant symbols for Australian English xiii
Vowel symbols for Australian English xiv
1 Introduction to Australian English speech production 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Phoneme and allophone 5
1.3 Broad (phonemic) and narrow (phonetic) transcription 7
1.4 Australian English transcription conventions 10
1.5 Australian English 11
1.5.1 How did Australian English develop? 12
1.5.2 The standard Australian English accent 16
1.5.3 Broadness 18
1.5.4 Regional variation 19
1.5.5 Australian English in the twenty-first century 20
Further reading 20
2 Consonants and vowels 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Respiration 23
2.3 Phonation 24
2.4 Articulation 29
2.5 Differentiating consonants and vowels 29
2.6 Describing consonants 31
2.6.1 Place of articulation 33
2.6.2 Manner of articulation 42
2.6.3 Voicing 46
2.6.4 Complex articulation and phonetic detail 48
vi
Contents
2.6.5 Non-pulmonic consonants 50
2.6.6 Some regional and social features of Australian
English consonants 53
2.7 Describing vowels 54
2.7.1 Vowel space 56
2.7.2 Vowel characteristics 57
2.7.3 Australian English vowel characteristics 64
2.7.4 Lexical sets 68
2.8 Major classes of sounds 70
2.9 Summary 73
Further reading 74
3 Syllables, word stress, sentence stress and intonation 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Syllables 76
3.3 Phonotactic constraints 78
3.4 Syllabification 82
3.5 Word stress 83
3.6 The metrical foot 84
3.7 Creating words from feet 86
3.8 Heavy and light syllables 88
3.9 Morphology and word stress 88
3.10 Stress in connected speech 91
3.11 Summary 100
Further reading 101
4 Broad transcription of Australian English 103
4.1 Introduction 103
4.2 Symbols for the broad transcription of Australian English 104
4.2.1 Consonant symbols 104
4.2.2 Vowel symbols 105
4.3 Phonemes of Australian English 106
4.3.1 Consonants 106
4.3.2 Vowels 106
4.3.3 Minimal pairs 108
4.4 Lexical stress 112
4.4.1 Primary stress 112
4.4.2 Secondary stress 113
4.4.3 Compound nouns 115
4.4.4 Unstressed syllables 116
4.5 Syllabic consonants 121
4.5.1 Syllabic/n/ 121
4.5.2 Syllabic/m/ 122
4.5.3 Syllabic/!/ 123
Contents
• •
VII
4.6 Connected speech 124
4.6.1 Function words 124
4.6.2 Epenthetic consonants 126
4.7 Characteristics of/t/ 129
4.7.1 Flaps/taps 129
4.7.2 Glottal stops 130
4.8 Assimilation 130
4.8.1 Alveolar to bilabial stops 131
4.8.2 Alveolar to velar stops 131
4.8.3 Alveolar to postalveolar fricatives 131
4.8.4 Word-internal assimilation 132
4.8.5 Affrication 132
4.8.6 Vowels before coda/l/ 133
4.9 Consonant deletion/elislon 133
4.10 Voicing of stops, fricatives and affricates 134
4.11 Tips for broad transcription 136
5 Narrow transcription of Australian English 141
5.1 Allophonic variation and narrow transcription 141
5.2 Narrow transcription of consonants 142
5.2.1 Symbol selection 142
5.2.2 Aspiration and release of oral stops 143
5.2.3 Variants of/t/ 148
5.2.4 Devoicing 150
5.2.5 Assimilation of velar oral stops 152
5.2.6 Assimilation of alveolar consonants 153
5.2.7 Syllabic consonants 155
5.2.8 Clear and dark realisations of /l/ 156
5.2.9 Allophones of/h/ 159
5.2.10 Gemination 159
5.2.11 Labialisation 159
5.3 Narrow transcription of vowels 160
5.3.1 Coarticulation and dialect effects 160
5.3.2 Prelateral contexts 161
5.3.3 Nasalisation 162
5.3.4 Allophones of /e:/ and /ia/ 163
5.3.5 Allophones of schwa/a/ 163
5.3.6 Allophonic vowel length 164
5.4 Tips for narrow transcription (including transcription of
common allophones) 165
6 Evaluation of two broad transcription systems 169
6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 Historical background 170
Contents
• • •
VIII
6.3 Vowel transcription 172
6.4 The revised transcription system for Australian English 173
6.5 The HCE system relative to the IPA cardinal vowels 178
6.6 Flexibility in transcription choice 180
6.7 Reform 180
6.8 Conclusion 181
Further reading 182
Appendix Average formant and durational values for vowels
of Australian English 183
Glossary 186
References 202
Solutions 209
Index 259
International Phonetic Alphabet 266
Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription is the
first textbook to clearly describe Australian English speech
patterns. Now in its second edition, this groundbreaking work
addresses speech production characteristics and provides
detailed instruction in both phonemic (broad) and phonetic
(narrow) transcription of the dialect
The extensive practical exercises are designed to help readers
develop skills and test their knowledge as they progress
through the text. These exercises are complemented by
a companion website, which contains valuable explanatory
materials, audio examples and accompanying activities
for students. A new assessment bank includes exercises
of varying difficulty, allowing lecturers to build unique
assessment tasks tailored to their students needs.
Drawing on their extensive experience as teachers and
researchers in phonetics and phonology, Felicity Cox and
new author Janet Fletcher have crafted a comprehensive
resource that remains essential reading for students, teachers
and practitioners of linguistics, speech pathology and
language education.
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