Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elsevier
[2017]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
volume 46, number 3 (September 2017) |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xix Seiten, Seite 593-814 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780323545501 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |c editors Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology
Autor: Auchus, Richard J
Jahr: 2017
Biochemical and Imaging Diagnostics in Endocrinology
Contents
Foreword: Latest Innovations in Biochemical and Imaging Diagnostics
in Endocrinology xiii
Anat Ben-Shlomo and Maria Fleseriu
Preface: The Current Status and Evolution of Hormone Testing in the Digital Age xvii
Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, and Alan D. Waxman
Role of Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Endocrinology 593
Siva S. Ketha, Ravinder J. Singh, and Hemamalini Ketha
The advent of mass spectrometry into the clinical laboratory has led to an
improvement in clinical management of several endocrine diseases. Liquid
chromatography tandem mass spectrometry found some of its first clinical
applications in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, in quantitative
steroid analysis, and in drug analysis laboratories. Mass spectrometry as-
says offer analytical sensitivity and specificity that is superior to immuno-
assays for many analytes. This article highlights several areas of clinical
endocrinology that have witnessed the use of liquid chromatography tan-
dem mass spectrometry to improve clinical outcomes.
Point-of-Care Endocrine Diagnostics 615
Joel Ehrenkranz
Endocrinology relies on hormone and metabolite measurement for public
health screening, diagnostics, and disease management. Advances in mi-
crofluidics, immunoassay technology, electronics, and software are moving
in vitro endocrine diagnostics from the laboratory to the point of care. Point-
of-care endocrine diagnostics provide results clinically equivalent to those
produced by expensive laboratory instrumentation for a fraction of the cost
and with a substantially more rapid turnaround time. Similar to the transfor-
mation of mainframe computers into laptops, tablets, and smartphones,
clinical laboratories are evolving into point-of-care technologies.
Biochemical Testing in Thyroid Disorders 631
Nazanene H. Esfandiari and Maria Papaleontiou
This article summarizes the main principles for the appropriate use of lab-
oratory testing in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders, as
well as controversies that have arisen in association with some of these
biochemical tests. To place a test in perspective, its sensitivity and accu-
racy should be taken into account. Ordering the correct laboratory tests
facilitates the early diagnosis of a thyroid disorder and allows for timely
and appropriate treatment. This article focuses on a comprehensive up-
date regarding thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine/triiodothyronine,
thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin. Clinical uses of these
biochemical tests are outlined.
viii Contents
Biochemical Testing Relevant to Bone 649
Chee Kian Chew and Bart L. Clarke
Laboratory biochemical testing is critical to the clinical understanding of
bone disorders. Patients with skeletal diseases have underlying themes
in their pathophysiology that would be impossible to detect without
biochemical assessment of serum and urine minerals, vitamin D, parathy-
roid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, and bone turnover
markers. Bone disorders are caused by abnormalities in signaling path-
ways that affect bone formation and resorption. Therapies for common
bone diseases were developed in direct response to underlying biochem-
ical abnormalities.
Biochemical Testing in Neuroendocrine Tumors 669
Vidya Aluri and Joseph S. Dillon
Neuroendocrine cells are widely distributed throughout the body. They can
produce, store, and secrete peptides and biogenic amines. Neuroendo-
crine tumors (NETs) are rare, but most are found in the intestine, pancreas,
and lung. NETs may cause specific hormonal symptoms (eg, carcinoid
syndrome) or appear nonfunctional. Blood or urine concentrations of tu-
mor-secreted amines and peptides have been used as biomarkers in the
diagnosis and management of NETs. This article focuses on currently
available biochemical testing of blood or urine for gastroenteropancreatic
and lung NETs and discusses the limitations of these tests and the poten-
tial role of newer multianalyte markers for NET management.
Biochemical and Imaging Diagnostics in Endocrinology: Predictors of Fertility 679
Erica B. Mahany and John F. Randolph Jr
One of the limiting factors of fertility testing is the relative inefficiency of hu-
man reproduction. A careful history and physical examination must be per-
formed on each patient to inform the particular diagnostic tests that are
chosen and to create a meaningful treatment plan. Testing parameters,
such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative pre-
dictive value, can help to interpret test results, although there is no perfect
screening test for the various causes of infertility. This article describes the
4 major categories of testing for infertility: ovarian reserve, ovulatory sta-
tus, gamete transport, and male factor.
Thyroid Cancer: Ultrasound Imaging and Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy 691
Michelle Melany and Sardius Chen
Ultrasound imaging is critical in the detection, diagnosis, and management
of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound detection of regional nodal metastatic dis-
ease is based on abnormal nodal morphology rather than size and is crit-
ical to initial surgical and long-term management of thyroid cancer. Fine-
needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard for malignancy diagnosis
in thyroid cancer. Thyroglobulin assay of nodal aspirates improves accu-
racy in diagnosis of metastases. Reporting lexicons assign risk levels to
thyroid nodules with the goal of improving and standardizing patient man-
agement. Surveillance ultrasound imaging in papillary microcarcinomas is
being evaluated and compared with surgical management.
Contents ix
Pituitary Imaging 713
Barry D. Pressman
Modern pituitary imaging is MRI. However, computed tomography (CT)
still has limited usefulness. In addition, because CT offers much better
bone detail and calcium detection, there are some cases in which such
additional information is necessary. Before the advent of CT, plain radiog-
raphy, pneumoencephalography, and angiography were used to diagnose
pituitary masses. More recently, CT, and then especially MRI, made it
possible to primarily delineate lesions within and around the pituitary gland
rather than depend on secondary information that could only suggest their
presence.
Adrenal Imaging 741
Mishal Mendiratta-Lala, Anca Avram, Adina F. Turcu, and N. Reed Dunnick
Cross-sectional imaging can make a specific diagnosis in lesions, such as
myelolipomas, cysts, and hemorrhage, and is often sufficient to distinguish
benign from malignant adrenal processes. Computed tomography and
MRI are useful studies to identify pheochromocytomas and cortisol-
secreting or androgen-secreting tumors. In patients with primary aldoste-
ronism, adrenal venous sampling remains the most accurate localizing
study and should be performed in all patients older than 35 years. Radio-
labeled isotope studies serve as second-line diagnostic tests for malignant
adrenal tumors, primary or metastatic, as well as for pheochromocytoma.
Nuclear imaging studies should follow a robust hormonal diagnosis and be
correlated with findings on cross-sectional imaging.
Pancreatic Imaging 761
Mark Masciocchi
Imaging of the endocrine pancreas is dominated by neuroendocrine tu-
mors, a diverse category of neoplasms that may or may not cause symp-
toms from hormone hypersecretion. These tumors may also be evidence
of several different genetic syndromes. Understanding the usefulness of
different imaging modalities and entities that simulate neuroendocrine tu-
mors is key for both radiologists and referring physicians.
Selected Controversies of Radioiodine Imaging and Therapy in Differentiated
Thyroid Cancer 783
Douglas Van Nostrand
This article discusses the more controversial areas of the management of
differentiated thyroid cancer, namely, the utility of pretherapy staging ra-
dioiodine scans; the prescribed activity for iodine-131 remnant ablation,
adjuvant treatment, and distant metastases; preparation with thyroid hor-
mone withdrawal versus recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hor-
mone; and the classification of radioiodine refractory differentiated
thyroid cancer. The author reviews various aspects of the controversies,
such as the recommendations of the 2015 guidelines of the American Thy-
roid Association, arguments for and against the various controversies, and
selected references.
Contents
Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Indications, Interpretations, Limits,
and Pitfalls
Run Yu and Ashley Wachsman
Imaging is critical in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of neuro-
endocrine tumors (NETs). NETs share common imaging features, but each
type exhibits unique features. Computed tomography scans or MRI of the
abdomen is used to assess tumor burden routinely. Functional imaging
with octreotide scan or gallium-68 somatostatin analog PET is used selec-
tively to confirm diagnosis and guide therapy. Clinicians and radiologists
should be familiar with the indications and interpretations of imaging mo-
dalities. Novel functional imaging modalities likely will be developed to
detect small NETs, predict prognosis, guide therapeutic choices, and
design novel therapies.
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| spelling | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology editors Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Elsevier [2017] xix Seiten, Seite 593-814 Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America volume 46, number 3 (September 2017) Clinics review articles Auchus, Richard J. edt Pressman, Barry D. edt Turcu, Adina F. (DE-588)1141799588 edt Waxman, Alan D. (DE-588)1141799529 edt Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America volume 46, number 3 (September 2017) (DE-604)BV000625447 46,3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029942809&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America |
| title | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |
| title_auth | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |
| title_exact_search | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |
| title_full | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology editors Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology editors Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology editors Richard J. Auchus, Barry D. Pressman, Adina F. Turcu, Alan D. Waxman |
| title_short | Biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |
| title_sort | biochemical and imaging diagnostics in endocrinology |
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