Imaging of rheumatology:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elsevier
[2017]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Radiologic clinics of North America
volume 55, number 5 (September 2017) |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi Seiten, Seite 905-1143 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780323545709 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Imaging of rheumatology
Autor: Guglielmi, Giuseppe
Jahr: 2017
Imaging of Rheumatology
Contents
Preface: Imaging in Rheumatology: An Update xv
Giuseppe Guglielmi
What the Rheumatologist Is Looking for and What the Radiologist Should Know in
Imaging for Rheumatoid Arthritis 905
James Teh and Mikkel 0stergaard
This article outlines what the rheumatologist is looking for and wants to know in the
clinical diagnosis and imaging of rheumatoid arthritis and what the radiologist should
know to facilitate this.
Conventional Radiology in Rheumatoid Arthritis 917
Eva Llopis, Herman M. Kroon, Jose Acosta, and Johan L. Bloem
In clinical practice, the conventional radiography is still the radiologic method for the
diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, it provides a quick overview of the
symptomatic joints to narrow the differential diagnosis and to evaluate progression.
RA is a polyarticular disease with bilateral and symmetric involvement of the periph-
eral joints, especially small joints, and less frequently, the cervical spine. The radio-
logic features are soft tissue swelling, periarticular osteoporosis, erosions, loss of
joint space, and in advanced disease, osteolysis and typical subluxations or defor-
mities, such as ulnar deviation.
Conventional Radiology in Spondylarthritis 943
Alberto Bazzocchi, Maria Pilar Aparisi Gömez, and Giuseppe Guglielmi
Spondyloarthritides are of a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, with nega-
tive rheumatoid factor, associated with the HLA-B27 gene. They comprise anky-
losing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and enteropathic-related
spondylitis. The presence of sacroiliitis represents the most characteristic feature
of these disorders and is an important criterion in diagnosis. Nonradiographic axial
spondylarthritis is a new classification concept. Conventional radiography is rec-
ommended as the first imaging method to diagnose sacroiliitis and different entities
and to monitor established structural changes.
Conventional Radiology in Crystal Arthritis: Gout, Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition,
and Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystals 967
Thibaut Jacques, Paul Michelin, Sammy Badr, Michelangelo Nasuto, Guillaume Lefebvre,
Neal Larkman, and Anne Cotten
This article reviews the main radiographic features of crystal deposition diseases.
Gout is linked to monosodium urate crystals. Classic radiographic features include
subcutaneous tophi, large and well-circumscribed paraarticular bone erosions, and
exuberant bone hyperostosis. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) can
involve numerous structures, such as hyaline cartilages, fibrocartilages, or tendons.
CPPD arthropathy involves joints usually spared by osteoarthritis. Basic calcium
phosphate deposits are periarticular or intraarticular. Periarticular calcifications
are amorphous, dense, and round or oval with well-limited borders, and most are
viii Contents
asymptomatic. When resorbing, they become cloudy and less dense with an ill-
defined shape and can migrate into adjacent structures.
Ultrasound in Arthritis 985
Iwona Sudot-Szopinska, Claudia Schueller-Weidekamm, Athena Plagou, and James Teh
Ultrasound imaging is currently performed in everyday rheumatologic practice. It
is used for early diagnosis, to monitor treatment results, and to diagnose remis-
sion. The spectrum of pathologies seen in arthritis with ultrasound imaging in-
cludes early inflammatory features and associated complications. This article
discusses the spectrum of ultrasound features of arthritides seen in rheumatoid
arthritis and other connective tissue diseases in adults, such as Sjögren syn-
drome, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and juvenile idio-
pathic arthritis. Ultrasonographic findings in spondylarthritis, osteoarthritis, and
crystal-induced diseases are presented. Ultrasound-guided interventions in pa-
tients with arthritis are listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound
imaging are discussed.
Computed Tomography and MR Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis 997
Antonio Barile, Francesco Arrigoni, Federico Bruno, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Marcello Zappia,
Alfonso Reginelli, Piero Ruscitti, Paola Cipriani, Roberto Giacomelli, Luca Brunese, and
Carlo Masciocchi
The clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is supported by imaging findings.
MR imaging, in particular, can allow an early diagnosis to determine a target therapy
that can stop or at least slow the disease progression.
Computed Tomography and MR Imaging in Spondylarthritis 1009
Antonio Leone, Victor N. Cassar-Pullicino, Paola D Aprile, Michelangelo Nasuto, and
Giuseppe Guglielmi
This article provides an overview of the computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging
appearances suggestive of Spondylarthritis, with a specific emphasis on the
MR imaging findings of vertebral and sacroiliac involvement, and presents relevant
clinical features that assist early diagnosis. CT is a sensitive imaging modality for the
assessment of structural bone changes, but its clinical utility is limited. MR imaging
is the modality of choice for early diagnosis, because of its ability to depict inflam-
mation long before structural bone damage occurs, for monitoring of disease activ-
ity, and for evaluating therapeutic response.
Computed Tomography and MR Imaging in Crystalline-Induced Arthropathies 1023
Constantinus Franciscus Buckens, Maaike P. Terra, and Mario Maas
Crystalline-induced arthropathies impose substantial morbidity but can be challenging
to diagnose, especially in early phases. The most common crystalline arthropathies are
gout (monosodium urate deposition), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition,
and hydroxyapatite deposition disease. Computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging
provide 3-dimensional information on osseous structures, periarticular soft tissue, and
tophi with superior spatial resolution. Dual-source CT (dual-energy CT [DECT)) offers
the further advantage of selectively identifying crystalline deposits. CT, MR imaging,
and DECT can be of value in problematic cases and can potentially be used for disease
monitoring. Further research is necessary to elucidate their added value.
Contents
ix
SAPHO and Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis 1035
Simon Greenwood, Antonio Leone, and Victor N. Cassar-Pullicino
SAPHO and recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis are complex inflammatory conditions
that clinical radiologists play an essential part in diagnosing. They present with a
wide range of musculoskeletal and skin manifestations and exhibit several key diag-
nostic features that, when present, make the diagnoses unequivocal. The overall
population group is young. Diagnostic delay is common with a relapsing and remit-
ting clinical course and often subtle early radiologic findings. This article provides an
up-to-date insight into both conditions, including their multifaceted pathogenesis,
effective therapeutic options, and advanced imaging features, to arm radiologists
with the knowledge required to make the diagnoses confidently in a timely manner.
Imaging of Myopathies 1055
Lukas Filli, Sebastian Winklhofer, Gustav Andreisek, and Filippo Del Grande
This article clarifies the current role of MR imaging in the assessment of myopathies.
Typical MR imaging findings are discussed for different forms of myopathies,
including idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, and congenital
myopathies. The last section deals with advanced MR imaging techniques and their
potential role in further characterization of muscular disease.
Imaging of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 1071
Christos Dimitriou, Grammatina Boitsios, Valérie Badot, Phu-Quoc Lê, Laurence Goffin,
and Paolo Simoni
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an umbrella term covering several distinct categories
that share common features. The European League Against Rheumatism and the
Pediatric Rheumatology European Society have published a consensus article
with recommendations to guide radiologists and clinicians in choosing the best
imaging technique for each particular clinical setting. A reproducible, accurate, vali-
dated, and long-established scoring system to use in everyday practice for moni-
toring and predicting long-term response to therapy is still to be developed on MR
imaging for each joint.
Imaging in Osteoarthritis 1085
Daichi Hayashi, Frank W. Roemer, Mohamed Jarraya, and Ali Guermazi
With technologic advances and the availability of sophisticated computer software
and analytical strategies, imaging plays an increasingly important role in understand-
ing the disease process of osteoarthritis (OA). Radiography has limitations in that it
can visualize only limited features of OA, such as osteophytes and joint space narrow-
ing, but remains the most commonly used modality for establishing an imaging-based
diagnosis of OA. This article describes the roles and limitations of different imaging
modalities and discusses the optimum imaging protocol, imaging diagnostic criteria
of OA, differential diagnoses, and what the referring physician needs to know.
Interventions and Therapy in Rheumatology 1103
Mario Muto, Francesco Giurazza, Giulia Frauenfelder, Stefano Marcia, Salvatore Masala,
and Gianluigi Guarnieri
Patients affected by rheumatic conditions frequently present with spine degenera-
tion and vertebral compression fractures, mainly related to the long-term therapies
X
Contents
with glucocorticosteroids. A mini-invasive approach provided by interventional radi-
ology techniques, especially vertebroplasty, plays a relevant role in the pain man-
agement of these patients; vertebroplasty represents the symptomatic treatment
of fracture pain, so patients must always be included in a specific therapeutic
workup of the rheumatic condition. This article describes patient selection criteria,
technique, and outcomes of vertebroplasty in patients affected by rheumatic dis-
ease and secondary osteoporosis caused by glucocorticosteroids.
Imaging of Posttraumatic Arthritis, Avascular Necrosis, Septic Arthritis, Complex
Regional Pain Syndrome, and Cancer Mimicking Arthritis 1111
Andrey Rupasov, Usa Cain, Simone Montoya, and Johan G. Blickman
This article focuses on the imaging of 5 discrete entities with a common end result of
disability: posttraumatic arthritis, a common form of secondary osteoarthritis that re-
sults from a prior insult to the joint; avascular necrosis, a disease of impaired
osseous blood flow, leading to cellular death and subsequent osseous collapse;
septic arthritis, an infectious process leading to destructive changes within the joint;
complex regional pain syndrome, a chronic limb-confined painful condition arising
after injury; and cases of cancer mimicking arthritis, in which the initial findings
seem to represent arthritis, despite a more insidious cause.
Imaging of Childhood Vasculitis 1131
Claudio Granata, Maria Beatrice Damasio, Federico Zaottini, Sonia Airaldi, Clara Malattia,
Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Paolo Tomà , Gianmichele Magnano, and Carlo Martinoli
Pediatric vasculitides are rare conditions that can represent a diagnostic challenge
because symptoms are usually aspecific and variable. Symptoms are related to the
size of the involved vessel, extension of disease, and organs affected. The outcome
is closely linked to an early diagnosis and proper treatment. Diagnostic imaging al-
lows visualization of the involvement of large-size and medium-size vessels and as-
sesses end-organ changes and response to therapy, thus playing a pivotal role in the
diagnosis and treatment. This article explores the general features of pediatric
vasculitis and discusses the imaging approach and the most common diagnostic
findings.
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