Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford:
Open area excavation on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford was carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development. A background scatter of Early Neolithic flint, including a Langdale stone axe, may be related to the nearby presence of the Cardington causewayed enclosure.0Two Early Bronze Age ri...
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Format: | Karte |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.
[2017]
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Schriftenreihe: | Archaeopress archaeology
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Open area excavation on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford was carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development. A background scatter of Early Neolithic flint, including a Langdale stone axe, may be related to the nearby presence of the Cardington causewayed enclosure.0Two Early Bronze Age ring ditches sat on a low lying gravel ridge between the River Great Ouse and the Elstow Brook. A causewayed ring ditch, 30m in diameter, had a broad entrance to the southwest, where a shallow length of ditch either silted or had been filled in. Adjacent to the shallow ditch was a pit containing three crouched burials, probably in an oak-lined chamber, radiocarbon dated to the early Middle Bronze Age. A nearby small round barrow enclosed a deep central grave containing the crouched burial of a woman, probably within an oak-lined chamber. An L-shaped ditch to the east, radiocarbon dated to the Middle to Late Bronze transition, may have been the final feature of the monument group. It parallels the addition of L-shaped ditches/pit alignments at other contemporary ring ditch monuments |
Beschreibung: | xiv, 146 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
ISBN: | 9781784916046 |
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520 | 3 | |a Open area excavation on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford was carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development. A background scatter of Early Neolithic flint, including a Langdale stone axe, may be related to the nearby presence of the Cardington causewayed enclosure.0Two Early Bronze Age ring ditches sat on a low lying gravel ridge between the River Great Ouse and the Elstow Brook. A causewayed ring ditch, 30m in diameter, had a broad entrance to the southwest, where a shallow length of ditch either silted or had been filled in. Adjacent to the shallow ditch was a pit containing three crouched burials, probably in an oak-lined chamber, radiocarbon dated to the early Middle Bronze Age. A nearby small round barrow enclosed a deep central grave containing the crouched burial of a woman, probably within an oak-lined chamber. An L-shaped ditch to the east, radiocarbon dated to the Middle to Late Bronze transition, may have been the final feature of the monument group. It parallels the addition of L-shaped ditches/pit alignments at other contemporary ring ditch monuments | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804177874723274752 |
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adam_text | Contents
Contributors..............................................................................................x’
Acknowledgements.........................................................................................x·
Summary.................................................................................................x···
1. Introduction...........................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................1
Topography and geology.................................................................................1
Archaeological background..............................................................................1
Aims and objectives....................................................................................1
Review of original research objectives..............................................................1
Revised research objectives.........................................................................3
Structural evidence....................................................................................4
Excavation methodology.................................................................................4
Site chronology and radiocarbon dating.................................................................5
2. The Bronze Age Monument Complex........................................................................9
Neolithic activity..................................................................................9
The Early and Middle Bronze Age monuments..............................................................9
The causewayed ring ditch.............................................................................10
The ditch..........................................................................................10
The western ditch...............................................................................14
The main ditch circuit..........................................................................15
Leached fills...................................................................................15
Secondary and final fills.......................................................................18
Finds from the ring ditch.......................................................................19
The Middle Bronze Age burials, pit 243 ............................................................19
The central area...................................................................................22
Features in the central area....................................................................22
A satellite cremation burial, B8...................................................................22
Features in the vicinity of the ring ditch.........................................................23
The round barrow......................................................................................23
Early features.....................................................................................23
A possible precursor...............................................................................23
The barrow ditches.................................................................................25
The ditch silting...............................................................................25
The barrow mound...................................................................................30
Burial pit 260.....................................................................................30
The pit.........................................................................................30
The burial......................................................................................30
A timber chamber................................................................................31
The possible height of a central mound.............................................................33
A Middle to Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch............................................................33
The ditch..........................................................................................34
The western arm.................................................................................34
The southern arm................................................................................36
Possible associated pits...........................................................................36
A Middle to Late Bronze Age linear ditch?.............................................................39
Finds from the Bronze Age monument complex: Neolithic stone and flint axes by Andy Chapman............40
The worked flint by Andy Chapman......................................................................40
The raw material...................................................................................41
The flint assemblage...............................................................................41
Cores...........................................................................................41
Flakes..........................................................................................41
Blades and serrated blades......................................................................41
i
Knives and ovates.............................................................................42
Leaf arrowhead................................................................................42
Scrapers......................................................................................42
Arrowheads....................................................................................42
Notched/pointed implements....................................................................42
Miscellaneous retouch.........................................................................42
Chunks, shattered and burnt flint.............................................................42
Catalogue of illustrated flint...................................................................43
Chronology of the assemblage.....................................................................44
Flint distribution...............................................................................44
The Bronze Age monuments.........................................................................45
The causewayed ring ditch.....................................................................45
The round barrow..............................................................................45
The distribution of flint in Area 2..............................................................45
The Middle/Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272..................................45
The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age scattered pits.............................................45
Linear ditch 8002................................................................................45
Pit 5012.........................................................................................46
The flint distribution...........................................................................46
Pottery from the Bronze Age monuments by Andy Chapman...............................................46
The ring ditch...................................................................................47
The late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch...............................................................47
Catalogue of illustrated late Bronze Age pottery.................................................48
Pottery from possible Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pits........................................48
Pit 2212......................................................................................48
Pit 2193, pre-dating eastern ditch of the linear ditch system.................................48
Pit 2202, pre-dating central ditch of the linear ditch system.................................48
Fired clay from the L-shaped ditch by Pat Chapman...................................................48
Faunal and environmental remains from the Bronze Age monument complex: Human remains from the
Bronze Age monuments by Teresa Hawtin...............................................................49
Age..............................................................................................49
Sex..............................................................................................50
Pathologies......................................................................................50
Cremation burial B8..............................................................................50
Animal bone from the Bronze Age monuments by Rebecca Gordon.........................................51
The environmental evidence from the round barrow and the ring ditch by Val Fryer....................51
The ring ditch...................................................................................51
Internal features.............................................................................51
The round barrow.................................................................................52
Charcoal from the Bronze Age monuments by Karen Stewart.............................................52
Charcoal from the Late Bronze Age L-shaped ditch by Rowena Gale.....................................53
3. Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement.......................................................55
A Middle/Late Bronze Age land boundary and field system.............................................57
The western boundary.............................................................................57
The area of the L-shaped enclosure and the waterhole.............................................57
The south-eastern field system...................................................................58
A Middle/Late Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole and associated features........58
Pits and postholes in the vicinity of the waterhole..............................................61
A Middle to Late Iron Age linear boundary ditch system..............................................62
The western ditch................................................................................65
The eastern ditch................................................................................66
The central ditch ...............................................................................66
Fence lines......................................................................................67
The Middle Iron Age enclosure.......................................................................67
The southern entrance............................................................................68
The enclosure ditch..............................................................................68
Internal features................................................................................69
ii
I
Neighbouring exterior features........................................................................70
The Iron Age pit complex.................................................................................70
Finds from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: The Late Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery by Andy Chapman ... 71
The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age waterhole, 2272...................................................71
Catalogue of illustrated pottery from the well pit 2272..............................................74
The linear boundary ditch system......................................................................74
The eastern ditch.................................................................................74
The western ditch.................................................................................74
Catalogue of illustrated pottery......................................................................74
The central ditch, north end......................................................................74
The Iron Age enclosure................................................................................74
The Late Iron Age pit complex.........................................................................74
Pit 2150, to south of Middle Iron Age enclosure......................................................77
Area 8: watching brief between Areas 1 and 2.........................................................77
Roman pottery from the linear ditch system and the pit complex by Andrew Fawcett........................78
Discussion by Andy Chapman............................................................................78
Other finds by Pat Chapman and Andy Chapman.............................................................79
Loomweight........................................................................................79
Fired clay........................................................................................79
Wood from the waterhole by Andy Chapman..................................................................79
Faunal and environmental remains from the Middle/Late Bronze Age to Iron Age settlement: Species
identification for waterlogged wood by Karen Stewart.....................................................80
Animal bone from Iron Age features by Rebecca Gordon....................................................81
Charred plant remains by Val Fryer.......................................................................81
. The Roman Settlement.....................................................................................83
The extent of the settlement.............................................................................83
The northern boundary of the settlement..................................................................83
Early phase {mid-lst to early 2nd centuries AD).......................................................83
Middle phase (early 2nd to 3rd centuries AD)..........................................................83
Later phase (3rd-4th centuries AD)....................................................................83
The eastern area.........................................................................................87
Well 7119.........................................................................................89
Pit 7025..........................................................................................90
The gullies.......................................................................................90
The western area......................................................................................90
An inhumation burial and selected pits ..................................................................92
Burial B5.............................................................................................92
Pits 7264 and 7266....................................................................................92
Pit 3166/70/74........................................................................................92
North-east of the settlement..........................................................................92
Finds from the Roman settlement: The Roman pottery by Andrew Fawcett.....................................92
Fabric list...........................................................................................94
The Roman settlement: Area 3..........................................................................94
Catalogue of illustrated pottery..................................................................95
Catalogue of illustrated pottery..................................................................96
Catalogue of illustrated pottery..................................................................97
The Roman settlement watching brief: Area 7.............................................97
Catalogue of illustrated pottery, pit 7025, fill (7023)...........................................99
The Roman settlement watching brief: Area 8, including Saxon settlement..............................100
Conclusions..........................................................................................100
Metalwork and other Roman finds by Tora Hylton..........................................................103
Iron.................................................................................................103
Dress fittings.......................................................................................103
General structural ironwork and nails................................................................103
Tools................................................................................................104
Copper alloy by Ian Meadows..........................................................................105
Roman coins by Ian Meadows...........................................................................105
Lead.............................................................................................105
Worked bone......................................................................................105
Glass............................................................................................105
Wood and leather by Ian Meadows and Andy Chapman.................................................105
Bobbin........................................................................................105
Comb .........................................................................................106
Leather.......................................................................................106
Millstones, rotary querns and rubbing stones by Andy Chapman.....................................106
Millstones....................................................................................107
Rotary querns.................................................................................107
Rubbing stone.................................................................................108
Roman building materials by Pat Chapman.............................................................108
Roman tile.......................................................................................108
Fired clay.......................................................................................108
Kiln furniture by Tora Hylton.......................................................................109
Faunal and environmental evidence from the Roman settlement: The human skeleton by Teresa Hawtin...Ill
Age and sex......................................................................................Ill
Pathologies......................................................................................Ill
The animal bone from the Roman settlement by Rebecca Gordon.........................................113
Methodology......................................................................................113
Taphonomy for Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Saxon periods......................................113
The Roman period.................................................................................114
Plant macrofossils from the Roman settlement by Val Fryer...........................................116
Molluscs.........................................................................................120
Waterlogged wood of Roman date by Karen Stewart.....................................................120
5. The Anglo-Saxon settlement........................................................................ 121
Chronology and overview.............................................................................121
The sunken-featured buildings.......................................................................121
Building 8152....................................................................................121
Building 8136....................................................................................121
Building 8160....................................................................................121
Building 8010....................................................................................123
Other Anglo-Saxon features..........................................................................125
A possible Anglo-Saxon structure.................................................................125
Other nearby features............................................................................125
Isolated pits in other areas.....................................................................125
The Middle Saxon mausoleum or mortuary enclosure....................................................125
Burial B6........................................................................................126
Satellite burial B7..............................................................................128
Other related features...........................................................................128
Finds from the Anglo-Saxon settlement: The Anglo-Saxon pottery by Paul Blinkhorn....................130
Fabrics..........................................................................................130
Early/Middle Saxon............................................................................130
Additional note by Andy Chapman..................................................................131
Loomweights and a brooch by Tora Hylton.............................................................131
Faunal and environmental remains from the Anglo-Saxon settlement: The human skeletons by Teresa Hawtin... 132
Age and sex........................................................................................132
Pathologies........................................................................................132
Dental pathologies.................................................................................133
Animal bone from Saxon features by Rebecca Gordon.....................................................134
Environment evidence from Saxon features by Val Fryer.................................................134
Radiocarbon dating....................................................................................134
6. Medieval to Modern....................................................................................135
Ridge and furrow cultivation..........................................................................135
Post-medieval and modern features.....................................................................135
Medieval finds by Tora Hylton.........................................................................135
7. Discussion by Andy Chapman.....................................................................137
The Cardington causewayed enclosure.............................................................137
The Early Bronze Age monument complex...........................................................137
The causewayed ring ditch....................................................................137
The round barrow.............................................................................139
The monument complex in the Middle Bronze Age...................................................139
The transition from a landscape of monuments to a landscape of agriculture.....................140
Bibliography.......................................................................................143
v
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Chapman, Andy 1951- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1132668980 (DE-588)1133214231 |
author_facet | Chapman, Andy 1951- |
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building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV044527110 |
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era | Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd |
era_facet | Vor- und Frühgeschichte |
format | Map |
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record_format | marc |
series2 | Archaeopress archaeology |
spelling | Chapman, Andy 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)1132668980 aut Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford Andy Chapman, Pat Chapman Oxford Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. [2017] © 2017 xiv, 146 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Archaeopress archaeology Open area excavation on 14.45ha of land at Cambridge Road, Bedford was carried out in 2004-5 in advance of development. A background scatter of Early Neolithic flint, including a Langdale stone axe, may be related to the nearby presence of the Cardington causewayed enclosure.0Two Early Bronze Age ring ditches sat on a low lying gravel ridge between the River Great Ouse and the Elstow Brook. A causewayed ring ditch, 30m in diameter, had a broad entrance to the southwest, where a shallow length of ditch either silted or had been filled in. Adjacent to the shallow ditch was a pit containing three crouched burials, probably in an oak-lined chamber, radiocarbon dated to the early Middle Bronze Age. A nearby small round barrow enclosed a deep central grave containing the crouched burial of a woman, probably within an oak-lined chamber. An L-shaped ditch to the east, radiocarbon dated to the Middle to Late Bronze transition, may have been the final feature of the monument group. It parallels the addition of L-shaped ditches/pit alignments at other contemporary ring ditch monuments Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd rswk-swf Funde Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Bedford (DE-588)4080313-2 gnd rswk-swf Bedford (England) / Antiquities Excavations (Archaeology) / England / Bedford Antiquities Excavations (Archaeology) England / Bedford Bedford (DE-588)4080313-2 g Vor- und Frühgeschichte z Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Chapman, Patricia 1953- Sonstige (DE-588)1133214231 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926480&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Chapman, Andy 1951- Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford Funde Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4080313-2 |
title | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford |
title_auth | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford |
title_exact_search | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford |
title_full | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford Andy Chapman, Pat Chapman |
title_fullStr | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford Andy Chapman, Pat Chapman |
title_full_unstemmed | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford Andy Chapman, Pat Chapman |
title_short | Bronze Age monuments and Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon landscapes at Cambridge Road, Bedford |
title_sort | bronze age monuments and bronze age iron age roman and anglo saxon landscapes at cambridge road bedford |
topic | Funde Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Funde Ausgrabung Bedford |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926480&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chapmanandy bronzeagemonumentsandbronzeageironageromanandanglosaxonlandscapesatcambridgeroadbedford AT chapmanpatricia bronzeagemonumentsandbronzeageironageromanandanglosaxonlandscapesatcambridgeroadbedford |