Product liability:
Gespeichert in:
| Vorheriger Titel: | Miller, Christopher J. Product liability |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
[2020]
|
| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | cxii, 928 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780199679232 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820142670409891840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
TABLE OF CASES XXIX
TABLE OF STATUTES, REGULATIONS AND RULES IXXXVII
TABLE OF TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS
C
;
X
ABBREVIATIONS
CX
;
1. INTRODUCTION AND MODERN HISTORICAL OUTLINE 1
A. INTRODUCTION 1
B. CONTRACT AND TORT IN ENGLISH PRODUCT LIABILITY LAW 3
C. WINTERBOTTOM V WRIGHTAND EXCEPTIONS TO THE EARLY RULE OF
NON-LIABILITY 4
(1) APPLIANCES ON PREMISES 7
(2) INHERENTLY DANGEROUS CHATTELS 7
D. THE DECISION IN DONOGHUE V STEVENSON 8
E. THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS STRICT LIABILITY 11
(1) UK AND EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS 11
(2) DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPEAN CIVIL LAW COUNTRIES 14
F. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 15
(1) INTRODUCTION 15
(2) DEVELOPMENTS BEFORE MACPHERSON V BUICK MOTOR CO 15
(3) EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18
(4) STRICT LIABILITY AND RESTATEMENT, SECOND, TORTS § 402A 20
(5) RESTATEMENT, THIRD, TORTS: PRODUCTS LIABILITY 21
I LIABILITY IN CONTRACT AND FOR MISREPRESENTATIONS
2. PRIVITY OF CONTRACT 25
A. INTRODUCTION 25
B. IMPLICATIONS OF PRIVITY OF CONTRACT 26
(1) DISPENSING WITH VERTICAL PRIVITY REQUIREMENTS 29
(A) BUSINESS TO BUSINESS CONTRACTS 29
(B) BUSINESS TO CONSUMER CONTRACTS 31
(2) DISPENSING WITH HORIZONTAL PRIVITY REQUIREMENTS 33
(3) THE CONTRACTS (RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES) ACT 1999 36
3. EXPRESS WARRANTIES AND MISREPRESENTATIONS 39
A. INTRODUCTION 39
B. LIABILITY AS BETWEEN SELLERS AND PURCHASERS 40
(1) PUFFS AND STATEMENTS OF OPINION 40
(2) SELLER'S REPETITION OF THIRD PARTY'S STATEMENT 42
(3) WARRANTIES AND MERE REPRESENTATIONS 43
(A) REPRESENTATION OR TERM: PROMISSORY INTENT, RELIANCE, OR BASIS
OF BARGAIN 43
(B) CLASSIFICATION OF TERMS: CONDITIONS, WARRANTIES, AND
INNOMINATE TERMS 48
XM
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(4) LIABILITY FOR MISREPRESENTATIONS 50
(A) THE HEDLEY BYRNE CASE 50
(B) THE MISREPRESENTATION ACT 1967 52
(5) RESCISSION AND DAMAGES 55
(A) RESCISSION 55
(B) DAMAGES 58
C. LIABILITY AS BETWEEN MANUFACTURERS AND REMOTE CONSUMERS 63
(1) EXPRESS WARRANTIES IN AMERICAN LAW 63
(2) ENGLISH AND COMMONWEALTH DEVELOPMENTS 67
(A) CONTRACTS OF SALE 67
(B) COLLATERAL CONTRACTS 68
(C) COMMONWEALTH EXAMPLES 69
(3) MANUFACTURERS' GUARANTEES 70
(A) CLAIMS ON GUARANTEES 71
(B) EXCLUDING LIABILITY 7 A
(C) EXTENDED WARRANTIES 75
4. IMPLIED TERMS AS TO CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION, SATISFACTORY
QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE 77
A. INTRODUCTION 77
B. CONTRACTS OF SALE DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER TRANSACTIONS 79
(1) NEAR SALES TRANSACTIONS AND PROMOTIONAL GIFTS 79
(2) CONTRACTS OF EXCHANGE OR BARTER 81
(3) CONTRACTS FOR WORK AND MATERIALS 81
(4) CONTRACTS FOR SERVICES 84
(5) CONTRACTS OF HIRE-PURCHASE AND OF HIRE 86
C. THE IMPLIED CONDITION OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION 88
(1) REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, AND DESCRIPTIONS 89
(2) WHEN IS A SALE BY DESCRIPTION? 90
(3) DESCRIPTION, QUALITY, FITNESS FOR PURPOSE, AND THE EFFECT OF NON-
COMPLIANCE 93
(4) ADOPTING A MANUFACTURER'S DESCRIPTIONS 97
(5) PRIVATE SALES 98
D. THE IMPLIED CONDITION OF SATISFACTORY QUALITY 98
(1) INTRODUCTION 98
(2) SALE IN THE COURSE OF A BUSINESS 101
(3) GOODS SUPPLIED UNDER THE CONTRACT 104
(4) SATISFACTORY QUALITY 104
(A) THE STANDARD DEMANDED 104
(B) ASPECTS OF THE QUALITY OF GOODS 108
(C) MODIFICATIONS FOR CONSUMER SALES 118
(D) SECOND-HAND GOODS 120
(5) NOTIFICATION OF DEFECTS AND INSPECTION 121
E. THE IMPLIED CONDITION OF REASONABLE FITNESS FOR PURPOSE 124
(1) INTRODUCTION 124
(2) MAKING KNOWN A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 125
XIV
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(3) REASONABLE RELIANCE ON SKILL OR JUDGMENT 127
(A) PARTIAL RELIANCE 129
(B) PURCHASES UNDER PATENT OR TRADE NAMES 130
(4) NOTIFICATION OF DEFECTS AND INSPECTION 131
(5) THE STANDARD DEMANDED 131
(6) CONSUMER SALES ' 133
(7) THE STRICT NATURE OF CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 134
5. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF THE IMPLIED TERMS 137
A. INTRODUCTION 137
B. COMMERCIAL SALES 138
(1) REJECTION, RESCISSION, AND REPUDIATION 138
(2) LIMITS TO THE RIGHT TO REJECT 139
(A) REJECTION 140
(B) SLIGHT BREACHES 140
(C) EXAMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE 140
C. CONSUMER SALES 146
(1) INTRODUCTION 146
(2) CONSUMER'S RIGHTS TO ENFORCE TERMS ABOUT GOODS 146
(A) SHORT-TERM RIGHT TO REJECT 147
(B) REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT 148
(C) PRICE REDUCTION OR FINAL RIGHT TO REJECT 149
D. OTHER TRANSACTIONS 149
E. DAMAGES 151
6. EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS 153
A. INTRODUCTION 153
B. CONTROL THROUGH THE REQUIREMENTS OF INCORPORATION AND THE
COMMON LAW RULES OF CONSTRUCTION 156
(1) INCORPORATION 156
(2) THE CONTRAPROFERENTEM RULE 158
(3) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS AND FUNDAMENTAL BREACH 161
(A) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS 162
(B) FUNDAMENTAL BREACH 163
(C) THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH 163
C. STATUTORY CONTROL OF EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS 166
(1) INTRODUCTION 166
(2) THE UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS ACT 1977 167
(A) THE SCOPE OF CONTROL 167
(B) VARIETIES OF EXEMPTION CLAUSE 168
(C) TERMS WHICH SEEK TO EXCLUDE OR RESTRICT IMPLIED UNDERTAKINGS
AS TO CONFORMITY OF GOODS WITH DESCRIPTION OR SAMPLE, OR AS TO
THEIR QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 170
(3) UNFAIR TERMS IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS 175
(A) THE BACKGROUND TO PART 2 OF THE CONSUMER RIGHTS ACT 2015 175
(B) SCOPE OF PART 2: CONSUMER CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER NOTICES;
UNFAIR TERM 176
(C) LIABILITIES THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR RESTRICTED 178
(4) THE MISREPRESENTATION ACT 1967 178
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
II STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT
7. INTRODUCTION TO STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY 183
A. PRIMARY CAUSE OF ACTION 183
B. JUSTIFICATION FOR REFORM 186
(1) THALIDOMIDE AND THE INADEQUACIES OF THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE 186
(2) FAULT LIABILITY VERSUS STRICT LIABILITY 187
C. REFORM PROPOSALS 188
(1) THE PROPOSALS OF THE LAW COMMISSIONS AND PEARSON COMMISSION 188
(2) NATIONAL EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENTS 189
(3) COUNCIL OF EUROPE (STRASBOURG) CONVENTION ON PRODUCTS LIABILITY 191
(4) EVOLUTION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY DIRECTIVE ON PRODUCT LIABILITY 192
D. PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE 193
(1) GENERAL 193
(2) BASIS FOR LEGISLATION 193
(3) IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE 194
(A) MEMBER STATES' IMPLEMENTING LAWS 194
(B) OPTIONAL PROVISIONS 196
(C) PRE-EXISTING LAWS OF MEMBER STATES 197
(D) A MAXIMUM HARMONIZATION DIRECTIVE 198
(E) INTERPRETATION OF NATIONAL IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION 202
E. EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE 204
(1) INITIAL REVIEWS OF THE DIRECTIVE 204
(2) GREEN PAPER 205
(3) SECOND COMMISSION REPORT 207
(4) REPORT ON PRODUCT LIABILITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (FEBRUARY 2003) 208
(5) THIRD REPORT (2006) 210
(6) FOURTH REPORT (2011) 212
(7) FIFTH REPORT AND EVALUATION OF THE DIRECTIVE (2018) 213
E IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM: THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 215
8. PERSONS SUBJECT TO LIABILITY 217
A. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRODUCERS DISTINGUISHED 217
B. PRIMARY PRODUCERS: PRODUCER, OWN-BRANDER, IMPORTER 219
(1) PRODUCER 219
(A) DEFINITION 219
(B) MANUFACTURERS 219
(C) PRODUCERS OF NON-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 221
(2) PRODUCTS MARKETED UNDER TRADE OR BRAND NAMES 223
(A) DEFINITION AND RATIONALE 223
(B) CONDITIONS FOR LIABILITY 224
(3) IMPORTERS FROM OUTSIDE THE MEMBER STATES 228
(A) DEFINITION AND RATIONALE 228
(B) SCOPE: IMPORTED INTO THE COMMUNITY 228
(C) EVALUATION OF POLICY 229
C. SECONDARY PRODUCERS: SUPPLIERS 230
(1) GENERAL: SUBSIDIARY LIABILITY 230
(2) THE BROAD DEFINITION OF THE TERM'SUPPLIER' 231
XVI
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(3) THE REQUIREMENT OF A REQUEST 233
(4) CONDITIONS CONCERNING REQUEST 235
(A) GENERAL 235
(B) REASONABLE TIME PERIOD 235
(5) COMPLIANCE WITH REQUEST 236
(6) SELLERS OF FINISHED PRODUCTS 237
D. SUPPLYING AND PUTTING INTO CIRCULATION 238
(1) CONTEXT IN WHICH THE ISSUE ARISES 238
(2) THE LANGUAGE OF THE DIRECTIVE: PUTTING INTO CIRCULATION 239
(3) SUPPLY UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 241
(4) SPECIAL FORMS OF SUPPLY 243
(A) GAS AND WATER 243
(B) FINANCE AGREEMENTS, INCLUDING HIRE-PURCHASE 243
(C) SHIPS, AIRCRAFT, AND MOTOR VEHICLES 244
(D) CONTINUATION OR RENEWAL OF HIRE OR LOAN, ETC 244
(E) SUPPLY OF GOODS INCORPORATED INTO A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE 244
E. THE CROWN 245
(1) LIABILITY IN GENERAL 245
(2) LIABILITY UNDER CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 245
E JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY 245
(1) INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE 245
(2) CONTRIBUTION AND RECOURSE 247
(3) ASSESSMENT OF CONTRIBUTION: APPORTIONMENT 249
(4) INDEMNITY 252
G. PERSONS FALLING OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE 1987 ACT 252
9. PRODUCTS WITHIN THE STRICT LIABILITY REGIME 255
A. DEFINITIONS OF PRODUCT 255
B. PRODUCTS TO WHICH STRICT LIABILITY APPLIES 256
(1) PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL PRODUCTS 256
(A) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY 256
(B) SCOPE OF EXCLUSION PRIOR TO REPEAL 257
(C) JUSTIFICATIONS FOR REMOVING THE EXCLUSION OF PRIMARY
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE 260
(2) IMMOVABLES AND BUILDING MATERIALS 261
(A) NATURE OF EXCLUSION 261
(B) BUILDING MATERIALS 262
(C) SHOULD THE DIRECTIVE BE EXTENDED TO COVER REAL PROPERTY? 262
(3) COMPONENTS AND RAW MATERIALS 265
(A) ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST JUSTIFYING AN EXEMPTION FOR
COMPONENT PARTS AND RAW MATERIALS 265
(B) POSITION UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 266
(C) LIABILITY OF COMPONENT SUPPLIERS IN THE UNITED STATES 267
(4) SHIPS AND AIRCRAFT 269
(A) SHIPS 269
(B) AIRCRAFT 270
(5) MEDICINAL PRODUCTS 270
(A) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: A SPECIAL CASE? 270
XVI1
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(B) EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT LIABILITY REGIMES 273
(C) POSITION UNDER THE PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND THE
CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 276
(D) VACCINE DAMAGE 279
(E) THE POSITION IN THE UNITED STATES 281
(F) HUMAN BLOOD, PLASMA, HUMAN TISSUE, AND ORGANS 286
(6) INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTS 291
(A) INTRODUCTION 291
(B) ARE INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE AMBIT OF STRICT PRODUCT
LIABILITY? 292
(C) ADVICE 294
(D) PUBLICATIONS 296
(E) COMPUTER SOFTWARE 300
(7) ELECTRICITY 303
(8) NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 305
(9) CRAFT PRODUCTS 306
(10) SECOND-HAND PRODUCTS AND WASTE 306
(A) LIABILITY OF PRODUCERS 306
(B) LIABILITY OF MERE SUPPLIERS 308
(11) CIGARETTES AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS 310
10. THE REQUIREMENT OF A DEFECT: INTRODUCTORY ISSUES 317
A. INTRODUCTION 317
(1) PRELIMINARY ISSUES 317
(2) PROOF THAT THE PRODUCT WAS DEFECTIVE 319
B. THE DEFINITION OF A DEFECT 324
(1) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 324
(2) ALLEGED VAGUENESS OF DEFECTIVENESS STANDARD 329
(3) OVERTONES OF A NEGLIGENCE STANDARD 330
(4) GUIDANCE FROM THE COURT OF JUSTICE 330
C. CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS VERSUS RISK-UTILITY 333
(1) INTRODUCTION 333
(2) CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS 333
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 333
(B) THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES 336
(3) RISK-UTILITY 339
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 339
(B) THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES 344
(C) PROBLEMS WITH THE RISK-UTILITY APPROACH 346
D. DEFECTIVENESS UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 348
(1) INTRODUCTION 348
(2) EXPECTATIONS OF'PERSONS GENERALLY' 348
(3) RISKS AFFECTING SAFETY 352
E. CIRCUMSTANCES TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN ASSESSING DEFECTIVENESS 352
(1) INTRODUCTION 352
(2) EXPRESS FACTORS IN DETERMINING DEFECTIVENESS 352
(A) MARKETING, PRESENTATION, INSTRUCTIONS, AND WARNINGS 353
(B) REASONABLY EXPECTED USE 355
(C) TIME OF SUPPLY OF PRODUCT BY PRODUCER TO ANOTHER 356
XVIII
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(3) RELEVANT BUT NON-SPECIFIED CIRCUMSTANCES 358
(A) OBVIOUS OR HIDDEN DANGERS 359
(B) REGULATIONS AND EQUIVALENT SAFETY STANDARDS 361
(C) COST AND PRACTICABILITY OF A SAFER DESIGN AND RISK-UTILITY ANALYSIS
366
(4) APPARENTLY IRRELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES 367
F. APPLICATION OF THE DEFECTIVENESS STANDARD TO THE ALTERNATIVE AND
TRADITIONAL DEFECT TAXONOMIES 371
(1) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 371
(2) AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS: BURTON J'S
STANDARD/NON-STANDARD PRODUCT DICHOTOMY IN A V NATIONAL
BLOOD AUTHORITY 372
11. MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCTION DEFECTS AND DESIGN DEFECTS 379
A. MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCTION DEFECTS 379
(1) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 379
(2) THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES 382
B. DESIGN DEFECTS 384
(1) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 384
(2) PROBLEMS IN APPLYING A CONSUMER EXPECTATION TEST 386
(3) DESIGN DEFECTS AND RISK-UTILITY 388
(A) THE DOMINANCE OF THE RISK-UTILITY TEST IN DESIGN DEFECT CASES 388
(B) PROBLEMS WITH RISK-UTILITY AND DESIGN DEFECTS IN PRACTICE 389
(4) THE COST AND PRACTICABILITY OF A SAFER DESIGN 390
(A) CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 390
(B) THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES 391
(5) LESSONS FROM THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE: THE COMBINING OF
CONSUMER EXPECTATION AND RISK-UTILITY TESTS 394
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 394
(B) DEFINING ONE TEST IN TERMS OF THE OTHER 395
(C) TWO INDEPENDENT 'PRONGS' OF LIABILITY 396
(D) CHOICE OF TEST LINKED TO COMPLEXITY OF DESIGN 398
(E) SUPPORT FOR A CONTINUED CONSUMER EXPECTATION-RISK-UTILITY
APPROACH FOR COMPLEX CASES UNDER PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE
AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 400
(6) THE RESTATEMENT, THIRD, TORTS: PRODUCTS LIABILITY AND DESIGN DEFECTS
401
(7) INHERENTLY DANGEROUS PRODUCTS 403
(A) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 403
(B) THE RESTATEMENTS: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 405
(8) FORESEEABLE ACTS OF THIRD PARTIES OR VICTIMS 406
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 406
(B) TAMPERING 407
(C) MODIFICATION, INSTALLATION, OR MAINTENANCE 407
(D) DESIGN FACILITATING MISUSE 408
(E) FORESEEABLE PRODUCT MISUSE BY VICTIM 408
(9) THE POSITION OF THIRD PARTIES OR BYSTANDERS 411
12. DEFECTS IN WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE 413
A. INTRODUCTION 413
(1) IMPORTANCE OF WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS 413
(2) RELATION BETWEEN DESIGNS AND WARNINGS 414
XIX
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(3) FUNCTIONS OF WARNINGS 416
(4) CRITICISM OF STANDARDS GOVERNING FAILURE TO WARN 416
(5) FAILURE TO WARN IN NEGLIGENCE AND STRICT LIABILITY 417
(6) UNKNOWN AND UNKNOWABLE RISKS 420
(7) OBVIOUS RISKS 421
B. STRICT LIABILITY 421
(1) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 421
(2) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 426
(A) CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH DUTY TO WARN ARISES 426
(B) CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS 426
(C) RISK-UTILITY: MANUFACTURER'S WARNING OBLIGATIONS LIMITED BY
THE PRESENT STATE OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE 428
C. PERSONS TO BE WARNED 430
(1) INTRODUCTION 430
(2) FORESEEABILITY OF USER DOCTRINE 430
(3) CHILDREN 432
(4) SOPHISTICATED OR PROFESSIONAL USER DOCTRINE 432
(A) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
ACT 1987 432
(B) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 432
(5) BYSTANDER DOCTRINE 436
(6) LEARNED INTERMEDIARY DOCTRINE 437
(A) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 437
(B) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 439
(7) ALLERGIC OR IDIOSYNCRATIC USERS 447
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 447
(B) IDIOSYNCRATIC AND ALLERGIC USERS DISTINGUISHED 447
(C) 'SUBSTANTIAL' OR 'APPRECIABLE' NUMBER TEST 448
D. ADEQUACY OF WARNINGS 450
(1) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 450
(A) GENERAL FACTORS 450
(B) SPECIFIC FACTORS 451
(2) UNITED STATES CASE LAW 454
(A) GENERAL FACTORS 454
(B) WATERED DOWN OR AMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE 456
(C) UNDERMINING WARNING'S EFFECTIVENESS 456
(D) BILINGUAL WARNINGS OR UNIVERSAL SYMBOLS 456
E. THE CAUSATION REQUIREMENT 458
(1) PRODUCT LIABILITY DIRECTIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 458
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 458
(B) CONSUMERS' INATTENTION TO WARNINGS 458
(C) A SUBJECTIVE TEST? 460
(2) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 463
(A) REQUIREMENTS FOR CAUSE OF ACTION 463
(B) TWO-PRONGED CAUSATION TEST 464
(C) PRESUMPTIONS 465
E STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT: NO POST-MARKETING OBLIGATION TO WARN OF
SUBSEQUENT DANGERS 467
XX
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
13. STATUTORY DEFENCES TO LIABILITY 469
A. INTRODUCTION 469
B. COMPLIANCE WITH MANDATORY STATUTORY OR COMMUNITY REQUIREMENTS 470
C. NO SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCT 471
(1) INTRODUCTION 471
(2) SOME SPECIFIC EXAMPLES 472
D. SUPPLY OTHERWISE THAN IN THE COURSE OF A BUSINESS, ETC 473
(1) INTRODUCTION 473
(2) FIRST LIMB: OTHERWISE THAN IN THE COURSE OF A BUSINESS OF
THAT PERSON'S 474
(3) SECOND LIMB: THINGS DONE OTHERWISE THAN WITH A VIEW TO PROFIT 475
E. PRODUCT NOT DEFECTIVE AT THE TIME OF SUPPLY 476
(1) INTRODUCTION 476
(2) PERSONS POTENTIALLY LIABLE UNDER SECTION 2(2) OF THE ACT 476
(3) MERE SUPPLIERS POTENTIALLY LIABLE UNDER SECTION 2(3) OF THE ACT 478
F. THE DEVELOPMENT RISK DEFENCE 479
(1) NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE DEFENCE 479
(A) INTRODUCTION 479
(B) BACKGROUND AND DEFINITION 480
(C) SOME CRITICISMS OF THE STATUTORY WORDING 482
(D) DEVELOPMENT RISK AND THE STATE OF THE ART DEFENCE 484
(E) OPTIONAL NATURE OF THE DEFENCE 485
(F) MEMBER STATES WHICH HAVE DEROGATED FROM THE DEFENCE 486
(G) THE RELEVANT TIME AT WHICH TO APPLY THE TEST 488
(2) INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS IN THE ECJ: COMMISSION V UNITED KINGDOM 488
(A) INITIAL STAGES 488
(B) ADVOCATE GENERAL'S OPINION 490
(C) THE JUDGMENT OF THE ECJ 491
(3) EUROPEAN COMMISSION REFORM PROPOSALS 494
(A) GREEN PAPER 494
(B) SECOND REPORT AND FONDAZIONE ROSSELLI STUDY 494
(C) REPORT ON PRODUCT LIABILITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (FEBRUARY 2003) 495
(D) ROSSELLI REPORT 495
(E) THIRD AND FOURTH COMMISSION REPORTS 496
(0 FIFTH REPORT AND EVALUATION OF DIRECTIVE 497
(4) DEFECTS WHICH MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO BE DISCOVERED 497
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 497
(B) DISCOVERABILITY AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY 498
(C) DISCOVERABILITY OF UNKNOWN AND UNKNOWABLE DEFECTS 498
(D) DEFECTS HIDDEN FROM VIEW BY LIMITED SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
KNOWLEDGE 506
(E) DEFECTS HIDDEN FROM VIEW BY LIMITED GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 507
(5) THE MEANING AND IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
507
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 507
(B) THE CONSTITUENTS OF KNOWLEDGE 508
(C) KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ADVERSE DRUG REACTION 510
(D) KNOWLEDGE AND ACCESSIBILITY 511
(E) THE EXAMPLE OF THALIDOMIDE 512
XX I
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(6) DEFECTS WHICH ARE KNOWN OF, BUT UNDETECTABLE, IN ANY PARTICULAR CASE
513
(A) INTRODUCTION 513
(B) DEFECTS WHICH ARE UNDETECTABLE 514
(C) COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE 516
(D) CONCLUSIONS 520
G. COMPONENT PRODUCERS 521
(1) INTRODUCTION 521
(2) FIRST LIMB: DEFECT IN SUBSEQUENT PRODUCT 522
(3) SECOND LIMB: WHOLLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE DESIGN OF THE SUBSEQUENT
PRODUCT, ETC 522
III LIABILITY IN TORT FOR NEGLIGENCE
14. THE PRODUCER'S LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE 527
A. INTRODUCTION 527
B. THE DONOGHUE V STEVENSON PRINCIPLE 528
(1) PRODUCTS 528
(2) CLAIMANTS 530
(3) PRODUCERS AND OTHER DEFENDANTS 531
C. PRODUCT LIABILITY AND THE GENERAL LAW OF NEGLIGENCE 532
D. TYPES OF DEFECTS AND THE STANDARD TO BE APPLIED 536
(1) INTRODUCTION 536
(2) THE STANDARD TO BE APPLIED 536
E. MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCTION DEFECTS 539
(1) INTRODUCTION 539
(2) FOREIGN OBJECTS AND SUBSTANCES 539
(3) IMPURITIES AND NATURAL SUBSTANCES 540
(4) WEAK OR DEFECTIVE MATERIALS 541
(5) ASSEMBLY AND CONSTRUCTION 541
(6) CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING 542
(7) MANUFACTURERS OF COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS 543
(8) LIABILITY OF MANUFACTURERS OF END PRODUCTS FOR COMPONENTS,
CONTAINERS, AND PROCESSING 544
(A) THE DUTY TO EXERCISE REASONABLE CARE 544
(B) NON-DELEGABLE DUTIES 546
F. DESIGN DEFECTS 550
(1) INTRODUCTION 550
(2) MATERIALS AND INGREDIENTS 551
(A) MATERIALS OF INSUFFICIENT STRENGTH OR DURABILITY 551
(B) INFLAMMABLE, EXPLOSIVE, AND CORROSIVE MATERIALS 552
(C) MATERIALS CARRYING LONG-TERM HEALTH HAZARDS 552
(D) MEDICINAL PRODUCTS 553
(E) ANIMAL FEEDING COMPOUNDS AND MEDICINES 554
(F) FERTILIZERS, HERBICIDES, INSECTICIDES, ETC 554
(3) DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND CONCEALED DANGERS 555
(4) ABSENCE OF SAFETY FEATURES AND DEVICES 556
(A) MOTOR VEHICLE DESIGN 556
(B) OTHER AREAS 559
XXII
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(5) COMPONENTS 561
G. DEFECTS IN WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE 562
(1) INTRODUCTION 562
(2) WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS WHEN THE PRODUCT IS MARKETED 563
(A) THE NEED FOR ADEQUATE WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS 563
(B) SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE NEED FOR AND ADEQUACY OF WARNINGS 569
(3) WARNINGS OF SUBSEQUENTLY DISCOVERED DANGERS 579
H. PROOF OF NEGLIGENCE 583
(1) INTRODUCTION 583
(2) TWO POSSIBLE EXCEPTIONS 583
(A) LIABILITY UNDER RYLANDS V FLETCHER 583
(B) INHERENTLY DANGEROUS CHATTELS 584
(3) THE DUTY TO TEST, INSPECT, AND DISCOVER 585
(4) THE SAFETY RECORD OF THE PRODUCT 589
(A) ABSENCE OF PREVIOUS ACCIDENTS 589
(B) PREVIOUS ACCIDENTS 590
(C) SUBSEQUENT ACCIDENTS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES 591
(5) INDUSTRIAL, REGULATORY, AND STATUTORY STANDARDS 592
(A) INTRODUCTION 592
(B) INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS 592
(C) REGULATORY AND STATUTORY STANDARDS 593
15. THE LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE OF PERSONS OTHER THAN PRODUCERS 597
A. INTRODUCTION 597
B. BASIC DUTIES COMMON TO ALL WHO SUPPLY OR CONTROL THE USE
OF A PRODUCT 598
(1) THE DUTY TO REFRAIN FROM DECEIT 598
(2) THE DUTY TO DISCLOSE KNOWN DANGERS 599
(3) THE DUTY NOT TO SUPPLY A DANGEROUS ARTICLE INTO IRRESPONSIBLE HANDS
600
C. THE LIABILITY OF PARTICULAR PERSONS OR BODIES 601
(1) RETAILERS 601
(2) PRODUCT HIRE OR LEASE 604
(3) DONORS AND GRATUITOUS BAILORS 605
(4) INTERMEDIATE DISTRIBUTORS AND IMPORTERS 606
(5) REPAIRERS, SERVICERS, RECONDITIONERS, ASSEMBLERS, INSTALLERS, AND
CONTRACTORS 608
(6) PRODUCT DESIGNERS 610
(7) INSPECTORS, ENGINEERS, CERTIFIERS, TESTING AGENCIES, ENDORSERS, AND
PERSONS OCCUPYING A SIMILAR POSITION 611
(8) BUILDING CONTRACTORS AND BUILDER-VENDORS 614
IV LIABILITY IN TORT: ISSUES COMMON TO STRICT LIABILITY
AND LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE
16. THE TYPES OF DAMAGE OR LOSS COMPENSATED 621
A. INTRODUCTION 621
B. DEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY 622
(1) INTRODUCTION 622
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(2) PSYCHIATRIC INJURY AND ILLNESS 626
(3) PRENATAL AND PRE-CONCEPTION INJURIES 630
(4) ALLERGIES AND PECULIAR SUSCEPTIBILITIES 635
C. DAMAGE TO OR LOSS OF PROPERTY 638
(1) INTRODUCTION 638
(2) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 638
(3) LOSS OF PROPERTY 642
(4) THE TYPE OF PROPERTY LOST OR DAMAGED 644
(5) THE 275 OR 500 ECU LIMIT 647
(6) THE LACK OF A FINANCIAL OR GLOBAL CEILING 648
(7) DAMAGE TO THE DEFECTIVE PRODUCT, AVERTING DANGERS, THE COSTS
OF REPAIR, SUB-STANDARD GOODS, AND RELATED MATTERS 649
(A) INTRODUCTION 649
(B) THE POSITION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 651
(C) CONTRASTING CANADIAN DECISIONS 663
(D) DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES 666
(8) SUMMARY 670
17. CAUSATION, REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE, AND DEFENCES 673
A. CAUSATION AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 673
(1) INTRODUCTION 673
(2) CAUSATION IN FACT 674
(A) INTRODUCTION 674
(B) PROVING A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN PRODUCT AND DAMAGE 674
(C) 'BUT FOR'TEST 684
(D) REDUCING DIFFICULTIES OF PROVING CAUSATION: MATERIAL
CONTRIBUTION AND MATERIAL INCREASE IN RISK, ALTERNATIVE CAUSATION,
AND MULTIPLE OR INDETERMINATE DEFENDANTS 687
(E) LOSS OF A CHANCE 703
(F) DEFECTIVE CONDITION OF PRODUCT MUST BE TRACED TO
MANUFACTURER 709
(G) PROOF THAT THE DEFENDANT IS THE MANUFACTURER 711
(3) REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 717
(A) PRELIMINARY POINTS 717
(B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 718
(C) 'SCOPE OF THE DUTY' OF CARE, 'SCOPE OF LIABILITY', AND PURPOSE OF
THE RELEVANT CAUSE OF ACTION 721
(D) PRODUCT LIABILITY CASES AND REMOTENESS 721
(E) SUPERVENING CAUSES: INTERVENING ACTS OF THIRD PARTIES 723
(F) INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION 727
(G) FAILURE TO WARN AND CAUSATION 733
(4) STRICT LIABILITY AND CAUSATION UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
1987 736
(A) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 736
(B) ONUS OF PROOF 736
(C) INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION 744
(D) REMOTENESS 744
(5) CONCLUSION 745
B. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE AND ABNORMAL USE 745
(1) INTRODUCTION 745
XXIV
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
(2) CLAIMS IN NEGLIGENCE 746
(3) CONTRIBUTORY FAULT AND STRICT LIABILITY 749
C. VOLUNTARY ASSUMPTION OF RISK: KNOWLEDGE AND EXEMPTION CLAUSES 751
(1) VOLUNTARY ASSUMPTION OF RISK 751
(A) CLAIMS IN NEGLIGENCE 751
(B) CLAIMS UNDER THE 1987 ACT 751
(2) KNOWLEDGE OF THE CLAIMANT 752
(A) CLAIMS IN NEGLIGENCE 752
(B) CLAIMS UNDER THE 1987 ACT 754
(3) EXEMPTION AND LIMITATION CLAUSES 754
D. LIMITATION PERIODS 755
(1) INTRODUCTION 755
(2) CLAIMS UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 756
(A) GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 756
(B) PERSONAL INJURIES 756
(C) DEATH: CLAIMS UNDER THE FATAL ACCIDENTS ACT 1976 759
(D) LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 759
(E) THE TEN-YEAR LONG-STOP 760
(3) CLAIMS IN NEGLIGENCE 766
(A) PERSONAL INJURIES AND DEATH 766
(B) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND ECONOMIC LOSS 766
(4) LAW COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS 768
V CONFLICT OF LAWS
18. PRODUCT LIABILITY AND THE CONFLICT OF LAWS 773
A. INTRODUCTION 774
B. THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF BREXIT ON THE CONFLICT OF LAWS CONCERNING
PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS 776
C. THE JURISDICTION OF ENGLISH COURTS: GENERAL COMMENT 778
D. THE EUROPEAN REGIME OF JURISDICTION 779
(1) INTRODUCTION 779
(2) THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE BRUSSELS I REGIME
AND DETERMINING WHEN EACH SCHEME APPLIES ACCORDING TO THE
INSTITUTION OF PROCEEDINGS IN ENGLISH LAW 780
(3) INTRA-UK JURISDICTION DISPUTES 781
(4) SCOPE OF DISCUSSION: THE BRUSSELS LA REGULATION 782
(5) INTERPRETATIVE METHODOLOGY 782
(6) CONCEPTUALIZING THE BRUSSELS LA REGULATION 782
(7) THE REGULATION APPLIED IN OUTLINE 783
(A) SUBJECT MATTER/MATERIAL SCOPE: ARTICLE 1 783
(B) THE BASIC JURISDICTIONAL BASE*SUE WHERE THE DEFENDANT IS
DOMICILED*ARTICLE 4 784
(C) SPECIAL JURISDICTIONAL BASES 785
(D) JURISDICTION TO PROTECT 'WEAKER PARTIES' IN SPECIFIC TYPES OF
CONTRACT 796
(E) OTHER MEANS OF FOUNDING JURISDICTION GERMANE TO PRODUCT
LIABILITY CLAIMS 799
(0 THE MISCHIEF POSED BY MULTIPLE PROCEEDINGS FOR THE BRUSSELS LA
REGULATION AND ITS CONTAINMENT 800
XXV
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
E. EXCURSUS INTO ARTICLE 6 'JURISDICTION' AND THE ENGLISH COMMON LAW 804
(1) GENERAL COMMENT 804
(2) ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS 806
F. PROVISIONAL AND INTERIM MEASURES AND THE BRUSSELS LA REGULATION 806
G. NEGATIVE DECLARATORY RELIEF 808
(1) INTRODUCTION 808
H. RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 809
(1) THE REGIMES OF RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 809
(2) RECOGNITION AND (OR) ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 810
(3) RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS UNDER THE
BRUSSELS LA REGULATION 810
(4) RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS UNDER THE
STATUTORY SCHEMES AND AT COMMON LAW 813
(5) RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF INTRA-UK JUDGMENTS UNDER THE
CJJA1982 815
(6) OTHER THAN 'ACTUAL ENFORCEMENT' WHAT OTHER LEGAL EFFECTS MAY A
FOREIGN JUDGMENT HAVE IN THE ENGLISH COURT? 815
(A) CAUSE OF ACTION ESTOPPEL 815
(B) ISSUE ESTOPPEL 816
I. APPLICABLE LAW*DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE LAW: GENERAL REMARKS 816
(1) SUBSTANCE AND PROCEDURE; PROOF OF FOREIGN LAW 816
(2) CLASSIFICATION 817
J. DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE LAW FOR CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 818
(1) THE LEGISLATION 818
(2) SCOPE OF THE REGULATION; SPECIFIC EXCLUSIONS 819
(3) THE APPLICABLE LAW 820
(A) EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CHOICE 820
(B) CHANGING THE APPLICABLE LAW 821
(C) THE APPLICABLE LAW IN THE ABSENCE OF CHOICE 821
(4) MATERIAL VALIDITY AND FORMAL VALIDITY 824
(5) SCOPE OF THE APPLICABLE LAW: ARTICLE 12 825
(A) ARTICLE 12 (L)(A): 'INTERPRETATION' 825
(B) ARTICLE 12(L)(B): 'PERFORMANCE' 825
(C) ARTICLE 12(L)(C): 'WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE POWERS CONFERRED ON
THE COURT BY ITS PROCEDURAL LAW, THE CONSEQUENCES OF A TOTAL
OR PARTIAL BREACH OF OBLIGATIONS, INCLUDING THE ASSESSMENT OF
DAMAGES IN SO FAR AS IT IS GOVERNED BY RULES OF LAW' 826
(D) ARTICLE 12(L)(D): 'THE VARIOUS WAYS OF EXTINGUISHING OBLIGATIONS
AND PRESCRIPTION AND LIMITATION OF ACTIONS' ARE GOVERNED BY THE
APPLICABLE LAW 827
(E) ARTICLE 12(L)(E): THE APPLICABLE LAW GOVERNS, THE CONSEQUENCES
OF NULLITY OF THE CONTRACT 827
(6) MANDATORY RULES AND PUBLIC POLICY 828
(A) INTRODUCTION 828
(B) MANDATORY RULES 828
(C) PUBLIC POLICY 829
XXVI
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
K. DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE LAW FOR TORTS AND OTHER NON-CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS 829
(1) THE PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT 1995,
PART III 830
(2) DETERMINING THE APPLICABLE LAW FOR TORT CLAIMS INVOLVING PRODUCT
LIABILITY VIA THE ROME II REGULATION 831
(A) INTRODUCTION 831
(B) UNIVERSAL APPLICATION OF THE ROME II REGULATION (ARTICLE 3) AND
EXCLUSION OF RENVOI (ARTICLE 24) 833
(C) PARTY AUTONOMY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF A CHOICE OF AN APPLICABLE
BY THE PARTIES 833
(D) OVERRIDING MANDATORY PROVISIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY 834
(E) THE APPLICABLE LAW FOR TORTS/DELICTS WHERE THERE IS NO ARTICLE 14
CHOICE OF LAW: GENERAL PRINCIPLES 835
(0 THE FACTUAL ROLE OF RULES OF SAFETY AND CONDUCT ARTICLE 17 838
(G) ARTICLE 5: PRODUCT LIABILITY 838
VI PRODUCT SAFETY AND THE CRIMINAL LAW
19. PROVISIONS COVERING GENERAL PRODUCT SAFETY 857
A. INTRODUCTION 857
B. HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK ETC ACT 1974 857
C. CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987, PART II 859
(1) INTRODUCTION 859
(2) SAFETY REGULATIONS 859
(3) PROHIBITION NOTICES AND NOTICES TO WARN 862
(4) SUSPENSION NOTICES AND FORFEITURE ORDERS 863
(5) DEFENCES, COMMON-FORM PROVISIONS, AND ENFORCEMENT 864
D. GENERAL PRODUCT SAFETY 865
(1) INTRODUCTION 865
(2) SECTION 10 OF THE 1987 ACT AND THE GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENT 865
(3) THE GENERAL PRODUCT SAFETY REGULATIONS 866
(4) DIRECTIVE 2001/95/EC ON GENERAL PRODUCT SAFETY 866
(A) INTRODUCTION 866
(B) RELATIONSHIP WITH SECTORAL DIRECTIVES 866
(C) PRODUCTS COVERED 867
(D) DEFINITION OF A 'SAFE PRODUCT' 869
(E) PRESUMPTIONS OF CONFORMITY 871
(0 DEFINITIONS OF 'PRODUCER' AND 'DISTRIBUTOR' 872
(G) OBLIGATIONS OF PRODUCERS AND OF DISTRIBUTORS 873
(H) WITHDRAWAL AND RECALL OF PRODUCTS 875
(I) EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND RAPID INTERVENTION SITUATIONS 878
(5) EUROPEAN REFORM: PRODUCT SAFETY AND MARKET SURVEILLANCE
REFORM PACKAGE 879
(A) BACKGROUND 879
(B) CONTENT 880
(C) CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY REGULATION 880
(D) MARKET SURVEILLANCE REGULATION 881
XXVI1
CONTENTS*SUMMARY
APPENDIX 1: EXTRACTS FROM THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 883
APPENDIX 2: COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 85/374/EEC OF 25 JULY 1985 ON THE
APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS, REGULATIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE
PROVISIONS OF THE MEMBER STATES CONCERNING LIABILITY FOR
DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS 899
INDEX 905
XXVM |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Fairgrieve, Duncan 1971- Goldberg, Richard 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1027841228 (DE-588)1045464856 |
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| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
| dewey-raw | 346.41038 |
| dewey-search | 346.41038 |
| dewey-sort | 3346.41038 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | Third edition |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV044526765 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T13:08:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199679232 |
| language | English |
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| physical | cxii, 928 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Fairgrieve, Duncan 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)1027841228 aut Product liability by Duncan Fairgrieve, Richard S. Goldberg Third edition Oxford Oxford University Press [2020] © 2020 cxii, 928 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Produzentenhaftung (DE-588)4047375-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Products liability / Great Britain Products liability Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Produzentenhaftung (DE-588)4047375-2 s DE-604 Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g 1\p DE-604 Goldberg, Richard 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1045464856 aut Vorangegangen ist Miller, Christopher J. Product liability 2. edition 2004 0-19-825678-7 (DE-604)BV019333871 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926144&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Fairgrieve, Duncan 1971- Goldberg, Richard 1967- Product liability Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Produzentenhaftung (DE-588)4047375-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4047375-2 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Product liability |
| title_auth | Product liability |
| title_exact_search | Product liability |
| title_full | Product liability by Duncan Fairgrieve, Richard S. Goldberg |
| title_fullStr | Product liability by Duncan Fairgrieve, Richard S. Goldberg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Product liability by Duncan Fairgrieve, Richard S. Goldberg |
| title_old | Miller, Christopher J. Product liability |
| title_short | Product liability |
| title_sort | product liability |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Produzentenhaftung (DE-588)4047375-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Produzentenhaftung Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029926144&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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